36 of the Ontario Soil Survey 1963
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THE SOIL SURVEY OF LENNOX AND ADDINGTON COUNTY J. E. Gillespie R. E. Wicklund Soils Research Institute and B. C. Matthews Ontario Agricultural College Guelph, Ontario REPORT NO. 36 OF THE ONTARIO SOIL SURVEY 1963 RESEARCH BRANCH, CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND THE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SOIL SURVEY MAPS AND REPORTS PUBLISHED BY COUNTIES Norfolk ......................................................................................................Map No. 1 Elgin ..........................................................................................................Map No. 2 Kent ............................................................................................................Map No. 3 Haldimand. ........................................................................................... ..Ma p No. 4 Welland ......................................................................................................Map No. 5 Middlesex.. ...............................................................................................Map No. 6 Carleton ............................................................................................... Report No. 7 Parts of Northwestern Ontario ..........................................................Report No. 8 Durham ................................................................................................iRepor t No. 9 Prince Edward ......................................................................................Repor t No. 10 ..................................................................................................... Essex . Report No. 11 Grenville ................................................................................................Repor t No. 12 Huron ....................................................................................................Repor t No. 13 Dundas ............................................... ...................................................Report No. 14 Perth .................................................................................................... Report No. 15 Bruce ......................................................................................................Report No. 16 Grey ........................................................................................................Report No. 17 Peel. ..................................................................................................... .Report No. 18 York .............................................................................. ..;. ..................Report No. 19 Stormont ........................................................ ................‘::. ................ .Report No. 20 New Liskeard- Englehart Area.. ..........................................................Report No. 21 Lambton ................................................................................................Report No. 22 Ontario., ................................................................................................Report No. 23 Glengarry ... j ..........................................................................................Report No. 24 Victoria .................................................................................................Report No. 25 Manitoulin. ......................................................................................... .Report No. 26 Hastings., .............................................................................................Report No. 27 Oxford. ...................................................................................................Report No. 28 Simcoe. ............................... ................................................................. .Report No. 29 Prescott & Russell ................................................................................Report No. 33 Lennox & Addington. ...........................................................................Report No. 36 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Soil Survey of Lennox and Addington County was a joint project of the Canada Department of Agricul- ture and the Ontario Department of Agriculture. Those assisting in the field mapping were Ray Lane and William Kendrick. The authors wish to express their appreciation for the advice and assistance given by Dr. P. C. Stobbe, Director of the Soils Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture. Drafting of the soil map and analysis of the various soils were carried out at the Ontario Agricultural College and grateful acknowledgment is made of the help and facilities provided by the staff. The soil map was prepared for lithographing by the Cartographic section of the Soils Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction... ._. _. 7 General Description of the Area,. ,. ._. ., ._. _. 8 Location and Size., _. 8 County Seat and Principal Towns... 8 Population. 8 Agricultural Development... __. _. 8 Transportaion and Markets.. 10 Present Agriculture. 10 Geology .,. .I3 Surface Deposits.. _. _. ,I3 Drainage. ._ ,13 Climate .:. _. .13 The Classification and Description of the Soils of Lennox and Addington County., ,_,,_, _.__ _.. ,., _, ,.. ._,.. ,_,,_, __... ., ,. ., . ..16 Series, Types, Phases and Complexes. _, _._. ____ _. _._, _.22 Key to Classification of the Soils of Lennox and Addington.. .22 Bondhead Series.. _. .24 Guerin Series., .26 Lyons Series ._. 26 Otonabee Series., 26 Emily Series., ,. .28 Dummer Series.. _, .29 Monteagle Series._. .29 Elmbrook Series. _. .31 Sidney Series,, _, .31 Moscow Series.. .32 Newburgh Series,._ .33 Picadilly Series.. _.. .33 Hinchinhrooke Series, .34 Gananoque Series., .35 Lansdowne Series. .35 Napanee Series. .36 Waupoos Series. .37 Solmesville Series, _. _..38 Lindsay Series. .38 Tioga Series..., ..39 Granby Series.. 39 Wendigo Series. .39 Bancroft Series.. _. .‘. .40 Bookton Series.. _. ._ .40 Berrien Series. .4O Wauseon Series.. _. .41 Cramahe Series. .41 White Lake Series... .41 St. Peter’s Series._.. ,. .41 Farmington Series. _. .42 Muck.. ..43 Peat. .43 Marsh., _. ._, ., .44 Rockland. .44 Rock Outcrop. _. .jg Soil Complexes.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ratings of the Soils for Agricultural Crops ,........._....... .47 Taxanomic Classification, Profile Description and Analytical Data .50 Figure 1. Outline Map of Ontario Showing Locction of Lennox and Addington County 6 THE SOIL SURVEY OF THE COUNTY OF LENNOX AND ADDINGTON INTRODUCTION The soil survey of Lennox and Addington County was begun in 1952 with the object of making an inventory of the soil resources of the county. This included the mapping of the various soils and gathering information about their characteristics from which to estimate their adaptability and use in the growing of agricultural crops. The following report gives the characteristics of each soil as well as infor- mation concerning the best management practices for crop production. Those who desire soils information about. a certain area should locate the area on the map, note the colour or colours and the indicated map symbol and use the key to determine the soil type or types involved. Description of these types may then be found in the report. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA Location and Size The location of the county within the Province is shown in Figure 1. It borders on Lake Ontario, and is bounded on the west by Hastings County and on the east by Frontenac County. The area of the county is approximately 748,654 acres.* The county is about ‘77 miles long and varies in width from 8 miles to 26 miles. County Seat and Principal Towns The county seat is Napanee, (population 4,500**). Several small villages in the county serve as marketing and distribution centres for some of the agri- cultural produce from adjacent farms. Among these are Bath, Odessa, New- burgh, Tamworth, Erinsville and Enterprise. Population The total population of the county is 23,717 **. This represents an increase of 4,170 persons in the ten year period between 1951 and 1961. The most spec- tacular increase is in the township of Ernestown which had a population in- crease of about 30 per cent in the five-year period. Most of the increase was due to industrial growth. Some northern townships and Amherst Island and Adolphustown, have had a decrease in population. *Census of Canada 1961 **Census of Canada 1961. Agricultural Development The first settlement in Lennox and Addington County commenced in 1874 with the arrival of a large number of United Empire Loyalists who settled in the front townships of Ernestown, Fredericksburg and Adolphustown. * Amherst Island was originally part of the Seigniory of La Salle. Later it was owned by Sir John Johnson who, according to legend, obtained it from an Indian chief in exchange for his full dress gold braided frock. Thus private ownership delayed the settlement of Amherst Island until 1803 when some United Empire Loyalists left Ernestown township and took up land on the eastern part of the Island. Shortly afterwards, Irish immigrants commenced the settlement of the western end of the Island. A large scale immigration from the British Isles and the Continent resulted in rapid settlement of Richmond and Camden Townships soon after the turn of the 19th century. Two sons of Elias Huffman, whose farm was in Richmond Township, left home in 1825 with a few days rations to locate farms for them- selves and took up land in an uninhabited region which is now in the Moscow area. The first settlers to locate in Denbigh Township arrived in 1858. The