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A Study on Ground Water Fluctuation at Barind Area, Rajshahi

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A Study on Ground Water Fluctuation at Barind Area, Rajshahi Mohammad Ahmeduzzaman, Shantanu Kar, Abdullah Asad / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 6, November- December 2012, pp.1465-1470 A Study on Ground Water Fluctuation at Barind Area, Rajshahi Mohammad Ahmeduzzaman*1, Shantanu Kar1, Abdullah Asad1 Lecturer, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka-1217 ABSTRACT Water is vital to life and development in variations in evapotrans - piration and to the all parts of world. The uncontrolled exploration duration, magnitude, and timing of precipitation, of limited found water resource may cause especially in the wet meadow [5]. Ground water is environmental degradation. The groundwater widely distributed under the ground. It is the largest crisis of the project area is highlighted now a source of fresh water in the earth and unlike other mineral resources. The world’s total water resources day. Ground water condition of an area is mainly 8 depending on geology, hydrologic parameter, soil are at 1.37×10 million ha-m. Of these global water properties, recharge & discharge and hydraulic resources about 97.2% is saltwater mainly in oceans characteristic of aquifer. An important and only 2.8% is available as fresh water. Out of component of water balance equation is ground this 2.8%, about 2.2% is available as surface water water recharge, estimation of recharge volume is and 0.6% as ground surface. Even out of this 2.2% of surface water, 2.15% is fresh water in glaciers very important in forecasting ground water 4 condition in present stage and its effect on future and icecaps and only of the order 0.01% (1.36×10 stage. The yearly variation of maximum and ha-m) is available in lakes and reservoir and minimum groundwater level fluctuation and 0.0001% in streams; the remaining being in the recharge is shown in graph. In which at forms 0.001% as water vapor in atmosphere 0.002% as soil moisture. Out of 0.6% of stored Gopalpur mouza, the water level varies from 7.17 4 ft to 61.59 ft. Maximum level occurs 61.59 ft in ground, only about 0.3% (41.1×10 million ha-m) year 2001 (March) and minimum level occur 7.17 can be economically extracted with the present ft in year 1995 (August) and 1996 (August). At drilling technology. Sontospur mouza of Paba upazilla available data Ground water is widely distributed under for period 1995-2009 have been analyzed. The the ground which is the largest source of fresh water water level varies from 5.25 ft to 38.00 ft. in Bangladesh that is occurs in saturated zone of Maximum level occurs 38.00 ft in year 2007 variable thickness and depth, below the earth (April) and minimum level occur 5.25 ft in year surface. In Bangladesh most of the local or urban 1996 (October). Most of the groundwater area, people, center and headquarter depends on the abstractions take place in the dry months ground water. starting from January and continues up to May Bangladesh is the land of river, a number also June in some dry season. The water table of rivers crossed over it but the sources of surface decline sharply and reaches to maximum depth water is not sufficient to requirement. Agriculture in in March/April/May. The water table starts Bangladesh is dependent on irrigation during the dry moving upward and reaches to minimum depth eight months from mid-October to mid-June when from the land surface is September or October. rainfall is minimum Groundwater supplies about 75% of dry season irrigation and almost all Keywords – Water table, Ground water, municipal water supplies. Ground water is the major Fluctuation, Aquifer, Barind area. source of water that is use for municipal water supply and irrigation purposes. The Barind area in Rajshahi zone North West of Bangladesh obviously I. INTRODUCTION depends on ground water for irrigation and other Water resources in any part of the municipal water requirement. world are subject to change due to Ground water condition of an area are meteorological and climatological impact all the mainly depends on abstraction, recharge, soil year long. Impact of these factors on water properties, hydrological characteristic of aquifer, resources has been extensively studied storage capacity etc. However, MacDonald (1977) [1],[2],[3],[4]. Ground water, the rest portion of reported that permeability/ conductivity value range water during percolating into the soil and after from 0.40×10-3 ft/s to 1.2×10-3, transmissivity value meeting the necessary soil moisture deficiency, is in the range of 0.1 ft2/s to 0.17 ft2 and specific occurs at various locations below the earth’s surface yield ranges from 8% to 20% in the northwest part depending on the physical properties of various of Bangladesh. Again after that, MacDonald (1978) formations that exist. Such as aquifer, unconfined studied that that transmissivity values of the aquifer aquifer, confined aquifer aquiclude, aquitard, ranges from 1000 m2/day to 2000 m2 /day but it less aquifuge etc. Groundwater fluctuations appear to than 1000 m2/day in Paba upazilla and average be intimately related to spatial and temporal 1465 | P a g e Mohammad Ahmeduzzaman, Shantanu Kar, Abdullah Asad / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 6, November- December 2012, pp.1465-1470 storage coefficient value was estimated 0.01. 25015΄N latitude and 8802΄ to 88057΄E longitude. Annual Map of the study area in Barind tract is shown in potential recharge was estimated varying Fig. 1. from about 600 mm to 800 mm but actual recharge Paba is one of the thana of Rajshahi district. Paba would be less by 20% to 30% of the potential thana, now an upazilla was established in 1971. It recharge. It is very important increase of ground consists of 9 union parishad, 195 mouzas and 261 water for agricultural, municipal and industrial villages. Its total area of this thana is 161.85 square needs. The increase of ground water can be achieved kilometers. Paba is bounded by Mohanpur and by infiltration of rainfall, recharge by seepage, Tanore upazilla on the north, West Bengal of India surface flow etc. and Charghat upazilla on the south, Puthia and With the increasing use of ground water for Durgapur (Rajshahi) upazilla on the east, Godagari agricultural, municipal, industrial needs, the annual upazilla on the west is shown in Fig. 2. extraction of groundwater are far in excess of net average recharge from natural sources. Consequently ground water is being withdrawn from storage and water levels are declining resulting in crop failure adverse salt balance, sea waters intrusion in costal aquifers and subsidence in areas where draft esulting compaction of sediment. Even in high rainfall areas of the state, water scarcity is experienced in summer months [6]. Hard rocks derive its status as an aquifer on the basis of secondary porosity that gets developed due to decomposive and weathering processes over a period of time [7],[8]. Consequently, groundwater occurs largely in the secondary porosity of weathered mantle limited to a shallow depth [9]. In order to maintain ground water supplies indefinitely the hydrological equilibrium must exist between all water entering and leaving the basin. The management of ground water is essential to obtain desired economic benefits. Maximum economic and beneficial use can be obtained by coordinating ground water and surface water resource. The proper management of ground water resources requires an adequate knowledge of the extent of the storage, the rate of discharge, the rate of recharge to ground water body and the use of economical of extraction. Sometimes it may be necessary to apply the artificial recharging to the reservoir so that it many supplements the natural recharge. Groundwater is stored in the ground in materials like gravel or sand. It's kind of like the earth is a big sponge holding all that water. Water can also move through rock formations like sandstone or through cracks in rocks. II. STUDY AREA The Barind Integrated Area Development Project (BIADP) is located in the Barind tract situated in the northern portion of Bangladesh. The part of greater Rajshahi, Nawabgonj, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Jaipurhat, Gaibanda and Bogra district of Bangladesh and the lndian territorial Maldah district of West Bengal is geographically identified as Barind tract. Paba is one of thana of Rajshahi district which is situated north side. The hard red soil of this area is varying significant in comparison with respect to the other part of the country. The Rajshahi Barind tract is located in between 24023΄ to 1466 | P a g e Mohammad Ahmeduzzaman, Shantanu Kar, Abdullah Asad / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 6, November- December 2012, pp.1465-1470 III. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DUE TO whole characterized by the two distinct seasons– the GROUND wet season from June to September and the dry Due to rapid lowering of static water level, several season during rest of the year. problems may be arised. The natural supply of ground water is usually limited with regard to time The average temperature of the project area 0 0 and place. In recent years, the use of this limited varies between 8 C to 44 C. January and February supply has grown enormously. Due to this excessive are the coolest month, when temperature falls below 0 stress upon the ground water resource, the yield 8 C. Summer starts abruptly in March and is capacity is being reduced and the need to conserve characterized by a hot north westerly wind and a them is now generally recognized.
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