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Experiencing Wolves in Yellowstone National Park: the Wolf Watching Story

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Experiencing Wolves in Yellowstone National Park: the Wolf Watching Story University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2000 Experiencing wolves in Yellowstone National Park: The wolf watching story Jessica M. Montag The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Montag, Jessica M., "Experiencing wolves in Yellowstone National Park: The wolf watching story" (2000). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6406. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6406 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. ♦♦Please check "Yes” or "No" and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author’s Signature: ^hàn(A Date: Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author’s explicit consent. MSThmisVMantfield Library Permiaaion Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. E xperiencing W o l v e s in Y e l l o w st o n e N a t io n a l P a r k : T h e W o lf W a t c h in g S t o r y By Jessica M. Montag B.S. Recreation Resource Management University of Minnesota, 1998 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Recreation Management School of Forestry The University of Montana December 2000 Approved By: Chairperson Dean, Graduate School \ - 3 - O 1 Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number; EP37207 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI* CNwwWon PuWiahiog UMI EP37207 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code P roQ ^sf ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Montag, Jessica M.S. December 2000 Recreation Management Experiencing Wolves in Yellowstone National Park: The Wolf Watching Story Chair: Dr. Wayne Freimund In 1995 wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. One unexpected outcome has been the visibility of the wolves and emergence of wolf watching as a major recreational activity. Thousands of people are now arranging their vacations and lives around the possibility of getting a glinipse of a “wild” wolf at Yellowstone National Park. This new phenomenon of wolf watching has emerged as an integral part of the Yellowstone experience. While much research was done about the impact of wolves on the ungulate, bear, coyote, and other animal populations, no studies have documented the impact of wolves on visitor experiences, wolf watchers themselves, and their implications to management. There is also limited information about how the wolf watching experience affects the values, attitudes and behaviors of the participants. Thus, exploring the visitor’s perceptions of wolves, how these perceptions are shaped, and how these issues influence social conflict over wolf réintroduction and management remains an important research issue. This exploratory study attempts to identify and describe the range of experiences and meanings associated with this new phenomenon of wolf watching. Using a social constructivist approach, this study analyzes in-depth interviews with wolf watchers to explore (1) the public’s social constructions of wolves and how these constructions are influenced and shaped through interactions with wolves in various contexts; (2) the nature of the recreational experiences individuals seek with respect to wolves and; (3) how current social conflicts are affecting public perceptions; and, (4) how new opportunities to interact with reintroduced wolf populations affect people’s perceptions of wolves in the future. Interviews were analyzed by developing a system that identifies predominant themes through which interviews can be organized, interpreted and presented. The results discuss the dynamics of the wolf watching experience, the broader meanings of the Yellowstone wolves and how this experience is incorporated into the participant’s life and into the total Yellowstone National Park experience. 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgements I would like to first thank the Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station for funding and supporting this project; it was much appreciated. Thanks also go to Yellowstone National Park for their support and cooperation on this project. In addition, many thanks go out to all the wolf watchers that I interviewed and those I did not, for without them, there would be no project. I would also like to thank my committee members. Dr. Wayne Freimund, Dr. Michael Patterson, and Dr. Jon Driessen, for their continuing support, encouragement, and guidance on this project. Many thanks also go to my family: to my mom for the constant care and love, to my dad for the feedback on my writing and the reminders of “get it done!” and to my sister for the encouragement and support. Most of all thanks to my husband Tait who not only supported and encouraged me to start this little adventure, but moved to Montana so that I could. Thanks so much for putting up with the stress and always reminding me to go out and recreate. And last, but not least, thanks to Aurora, Bodhi and Bear for their unconditional love and always humorous antics. Ill Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s Chapter One: Background .................................. 1 Introduction .........................................................................................................1 History of Yellowstone National Park ............................................................. 1 Need for Research ................................................................................................3 Thesis Organization ............................ 8 Chapter Two: Literature Review .................................................................................11 E xperience ....................................................................................................... 11 Wildlife Viewing Experience Research ............................................ 13 Specialization ..................................................................................................... 18 Previous and Present Outlook on Human Dimensions of Wildlife ............ 28 Goal-Directed Paradigm ......................................................................29 Social Constructivist Paradigm ..........................................................32 Chapter Three: Methodology .....................................................................................37 Study Site; Lamar V a lle y ...............................................................................37 Summer..................................................................................................42 W inter ....................................................................................................44 Research Approach ........................................................................................... 45 Sampling Frame .................................................................................................49 Sam ple ................................................................................................... 51 When I Sampled ...................................................................................52 Data Collection .................................................................................................. 52 Interview Guide .................................................................................... 52 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Interviewer R ole ...................................................................................53 Conducting the Interview ....................................................................54 Data Analysis ....................................................................................................56 Theme Development ........................................................................... 56 Nature of the Knowledge Generated ................................................
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