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Étude De La Pratique Du Téléchargement Légal Et Illégal Sur Internet
Étude de la pratique du téléchargement légal et illégal sur Internet Travail de Bachelor réalisé en vue de l’obtention du Bachelor HES par : Julien MARIETHOZ Conseiller au travail de Bachelor : (David Billard, Professeur HES) Genève, le 12 mai 2010 Haute École de Gestion de Genève (HEG-GE) Informatique de Gestion Déclaration Ce travail de Bachelor est réalisé dans le cadre de l’examen final de la Haute école de gestion de Genève, en vue de l’obtention du titre d’ « informaticien de gestion ». L’étudiant accepte, le cas échéant, la clause de confidentialité. L'utilisation des conclusions et recommandations formulées dans le travail de Bachelor, sans préjuger de leur valeur, n'engage ni la responsabilité de l'auteur, ni celle du conseiller au travail de Bachelor, du juré et de la HEG. « J’atteste avoir réalisé seul le présent travail, sans avoir utilisé des sources autres que celles citées dans la bibliographie. » Fait à Genève, le 12 mai 2010 Julien MARIETHOZ Étude de la pratique du téléchargement légal et illégal sur Internet MARIETHOZ, Julien iv Remerciements Dans le cadre de la réalisation de ce travail, je tiens à remercier tous ceux qui ont pu y contribuer directement ou indirectement : M. David Billard pour son encadrement et ses conseils. Carole, ma femme, qui a pris le temps de s’occuper de notre petit qui est né le jour après la date de début officiel, me permettant de me concentrer sur ce travail. Tous ceux qui ont pris le temps de répondre à mon questionnaire, en me fournissant les données nécessaires à ce rapport. -
Interconnexion Et Routage Dans Les Systèmes Pair À Pair Salma Ktari
Interconnexion et routage dans les systèmes pair à pair Salma Ktari To cite this version: Salma Ktari. Interconnexion et routage dans les systèmes pair à pair. domain_other. Télécom ParisTech, 2009. English. pastel-00005737 HAL Id: pastel-00005737 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005737 Submitted on 19 May 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse présentée pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications Spécialité : Informatique et Réseaux SALMA KTARI Interconnexion et routage dans les systèmes pair à pair Soutenue le 14 Décembre 2009 devant le jury composé de Isabelle Chrisment Rapporteurs Pascal Lorenz Maurice Gagnaire Examinateurs Sami Tabbane Yutaka Takahashi Invité Houda Labiod Directeur de thèse Artur Hecker Co-directeur de thèse ii À mon cher époux, À ma famille. iv Merci, Au terme de ce travail, je tiens à remercier mes directeurs de thèse, madame Houda Labiod et monsieur Artur Hecker qui m'ont accompagné dans ma recherche ces trois années. Un grand merci à Artur pour sa grande disponibilité et son suivi sérieux et parfois exigeant, qui m’ont été d’une aide précieuse. -
P2P Protocols
CHAPTER 1 P2P Protocols Introduction This chapter lists the P2P protocols currently supported by Cisco SCA BB. For each protocol, the following information is provided: • Clients of this protocol that are supported, including the specific version supported. • Default TCP ports for these P2P protocols. Traffic on these ports would be classified to the specific protocol as a default, in case this traffic was not classified based on any of the protocol signatures. • Comments; these mostly relate to the differences between various Cisco SCA BB releases in the level of support for the P2P protocol for specified clients. Table 1-1 P2P Protocols Protocol Name Validated Clients TCP Ports Comments Acestream Acestream PC v2.1 — Supported PC v2.1 as of Protocol Pack #39. Supported PC v3.0 as of Protocol Pack #44. Amazon Appstore Android v12.0000.803.0C_642000010 — Supported as of Protocol Pack #44. Angle Media — None Supported as of Protocol Pack #13. AntsP2P Beta 1.5.6 b 0.9.3 with PP#05 — — Aptoide Android v7.0.6 None Supported as of Protocol Pack #52. BaiBao BaiBao v1.3.1 None — Baidu Baidu PC [Web Browser], Android None Supported as of Protocol Pack #44. v6.1.0 Baidu Movie Baidu Movie 2000 None Supported as of Protocol Pack #08. BBBroadcast BBBroadcast 1.2 None Supported as of Protocol Pack #12. Cisco Service Control Application for Broadband Protocol Reference Guide 1-1 Chapter 1 P2P Protocols Introduction Table 1-1 P2P Protocols (continued) Protocol Name Validated Clients TCP Ports Comments BitTorrent BitTorrent v4.0.1 6881-6889, 6969 Supported Bittorrent Sync as of PP#38 Android v-1.1.37, iOS v-1.1.118 ans PC exeem v0.23 v-1.1.27. -
Smart Regulation in the Age of Disruptive Technologies
SMART REGULATION IN THE AGE OF DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES Andrea Renda CEPS, Duke, College of Europe 13 March 2018 A New Wave of Regulatory Governance? • First wave: structural reforms (1970s-1980s) • Privatizations, liberalizations • Second wave: regulatory reform (1980s-1990s) • Ex ante filters + “Less is more” • Third wave: regulatory governance/management (2000s) • Policy cycle concept + importance of oversight • Better is more? Alternatives to regulation, nudges, etc. • Fourth wave: coping with disruptive technologies? (2010s) Competition Collusion Access Discrimination Digital Technology as “enabler” Jobs Unemployment Enforcement Infringement Key emerging challenges • From national/EU to global governance • From ex post to ex ante/continuous market monitoring (a new approach to the regulatory governance cycle) • Need for new forms of structured scientific input (a new approach to the innovation principle, and to innovation deals) • From regulation “of” technology to regulation “by” technology • A whole new set of alternative policy options • Away from neoclassical economic analysis, towards multi-criteria analysis and enhance risk assessment/management/evaluation Alternative options & Problem definition Regulatory cycle Impact Analysis Risk assessment, Risk management Evaluation dose-response Emerging, disruptive Policy strategy and Learning technology experimentation • Scientific input and forecast • Mission-oriented options • Ongoing evaluation • Mission-led assessment • Pilots, sprints, sandboxes, tech- • Pathway updates • Long-term -
Get Real: Print This
Get Real: Print This http://www.corante.com/getreal/archives/032237print.html from Get Real by Marc Eisenstadt January 11, 2005 BitTorrent, eXeem, Meta-Torrent, Podcasting: "What? So What?" SUMMARY: The index that facilitates the sharing of files on a large scale is also the Achilles heel of peer-to-peer file-sharing, because it is vulnerable to litigation and closure. So what happens if the index is itself distributed? I try to get my head around the latest in peer-to-peer file sharing, and explain a bit about what I've learned, including the fact that BitTorrent's power rests in its 'swarm' distribution model, but not necessarily in your end-user download speed. What has this got to do with podcasting? (Answer: invisible P2P plumbing helps the podcasting wheel go round). [Warning: lengthy article follows]. First, some history (skip ahead to the next section if you're already bored with the Napster, Gnutella, KaZaa, and BitTorrent saga). Napster opened our eyes to the power of distributed file sharing on a massive scale. But it was closed down by lawsuits to stop it from listing copyrighted works for which the owners would naturally have preferred to collect royalties (there are thousands of commentaries on the pros and cons of such royalties, but that's not the focus of this posting). Successive generations of tools such as Gnutella, KaZaa, and now BitTorrent have created their own buzz, their own massive followings, their own headaches, and their own solutions to others' headaches. Here's my rundown of the 'big ideas' (and the people behind them): Napster (Shawn Fanning): This was the Mother of big-time peer-to-peer (P2P) file transfers, i.e. -
Time-Limited Data Storing in Peer to Peer Networks Scherbakov Konstantin Spbsu Saint Petersburg, Russia [email protected]
Time-limited data storing in peer to peer networks Scherbakov Konstantin SPbSU Saint Petersburg, Russia [email protected] coefficient of node’s usefulness for the whole network. ABSTRACT So nodes, that are more useful for the network, should have opportunity to use these mechanisms more often Different techniques of using peer to peer networks are and more completely. mentioned. The process of data distribution in peer to peer network by the single node’s initiative for purpose of further downloading by this node’s owner is UDD P2P network model described. A common model of special peer to peer Let’s assume that one person or group of persons have network (UDD network), developed for single node some u-data, that is very useful for this person or group initiated data distribution, with its main characteristics of persons, but not interesting for other participants of and used algorithms is introduced. Some ways of our future u-data distribution (UDD) p2p network. This improving existing peer to peer networks for the person wants to have access to this data from any place, purpose of compliance to UDD network specification where he can connect to internet (and to our UDD p2p are mentioned. Experimental results of single node’s network too). He also wants to have ability to extend his initiated data distribution in one of the existing peer to data storing time and he expects that there is some peer networks (with our improvements applied) are mechanism used in this network that prevents with high analyzed. probability his data from being deleted from all network nodes during its limited storing time. -
The Copyright Implications of Bittorrent Bob Rietjens *
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2005 Give and Ye Shall Receive! The Copyright Implications of BitTorrent * Bob Rietjens Abstract BitTorrent is a new type of P2P technology with which users download small pieces of a file, and then start uploading these small pieces to each other. This essay analyses whether using BitTorrent amounts to infringement of copyrights or related rights in different European jurisdictions. Although the essay will look specifically at BitTorrent, the arguments in this essay may apply to other P2P programs with similar technical properties. DOI: 10.2966/scrip.020305.327 This work is licensed with the Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 2.5 Netherlands Licence, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/nl/ This work is licenced under a Creative Commons Licence . * Ribbert Van der Kroft Advocaten, Amsterdam. Herengracht 514 1017 CC Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel 020 670 60 60 Fax 020 670 60 61 [email protected] (2005) 2:3 SCRIPT-ed 328 1. INTRODUCTION BitTorrent's peer-to-peer (P2P) "file-swarming" software currently uses more than a third of the Internet's bandwidth. 1 BitTorrent primarily owes its popularity to its fast download rates. It takes hours to download a ripped version of the latest episode of Desperate Housewives off Kazaa, but with BitTorrent it takes minutes. In some EU countries it is legal to download copyright protected content using P2P software under private copy exceptions. 2 As long as P2P users don’t upload, they are not liable for copyright infringement. But with BitTorrent, it is not possible to just download, as the idea behind BitTorrent is that users all download small pieces of the file, and then start uploading these small pieces to each other. -
Ahistory of ONLINE GATEKEEPING
Harvard Journal of Law & Technology Volume 19, Number 2 Spring 2006 A HISTORY OF ONLINE GATEKEEPING Jonathan Zittrain* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................253 II. TWO KINDS OF GATEKEEPERS .....................................................254 III. EARLY APPLICATIONS OF GATEKEEPING ONLINE: SUPPLEMENTS TO EXISTING PRIVATE MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT REGIMES ..............................................................257 IV. LIMITED GATEKEEPING CONTINUES AS THE INTERNET MATURES: COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT, ISPS, AND OSPS............263 V. LIMITED GATEKEEPING IS TESTED AS THE INTERNET DEVELOPS FURTHER: COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT, PEER- TO-PEER SERVICES, AND RENEWED CONSIDERATION OF DUTIES TO PREEMPT OR POLICE ...................................................271 VI. GATEKEEPING ON THE GRID: GROKSTER AS FORBEARANCE..............................................................................286 VII. THE END OF REGULATORY FORBEARANCE?: FROM KRAAKMAN’S GATEKEEPERS TO LESSIG’S GATEKEEPERS ...........294 VIII. CONCLUSION............................................................................298 I. INTRODUCTION The brief but intense history of American judicial and legislative confrontation with problems caused by the online world has demon- strated a certain wisdom: a reluctance to intervene in ways that dra- matically alter online architectures; a solicitude for the collateral damage that interventions might wreak upon innocent activity; and, in the balance, a refusal -
A Reputation System for Bittorrent Peer-To-Peer File-Sharing Networks
University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year A reputation system for BitTorrent peer-to-peer file-sharing networks Lan Yu University of Wollongong Yu, Lan, A reputation system for BitTorrent peer-to-peer file-sharing networks, M.Comp.Sc. thesis, Information Technology and Computer Science, University of Wollongong, 2006. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/637 This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/637 NIVERSITY U OF WOLLONGONG A Reputation System for BitTorrent Peer-to-Peer File-sharing Networks A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree Master of Computer Science by Research from UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by Lan YU Faculty of Informatics August 2006 c Copyright 2006 by Lan YU All Rights Reserved ii Dedicated to My family iii Declaration This is to certify that the work reported in this thesis was done by the author, unless specified otherwise, and that no part of it has been submitted in a thesis to any other university or similar institution. Lan YU August 31, 2006 iv Abstract Over the past few years, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks have grown extensively and dramatically changed large-scale file transfer. One of the most popular P2P network is the BitTorrent system. BitTorrent can efficiently distribute large files by optimiz- ing the use of network bandwidth and providing scalability. Due to the open and anonymous nature of P2P systems BitTorrent also provides an ideal environment for distribution of malicious, low quality, or doctored information. A number of reputation systems, including P2PRep with its successors XRep and X2Rep, had been proposed to address security weaknesses of Gnutella P2P file sharing networks. -
GAO-05-634 File Sharing Programs: the Use of Peer-To-Peer Networks
United States Government Accountability Office GAO Report to Congressional Requesters May 2005 FILE SHARING PROGRAMS The Use of Peer-to-Peer Networks to Access Pornography a GAO-05-634 May 2005 FILE SHARING PROGRAMS Accountability Integrity Reliability Highlights The Use of Peer-to-Peer Networks to Highlights of GAO-05-634, a report to Access Pornography congressional requesters Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing According to three popular file sharing Web sites, 134 P2P programs are programs represent a major change available to the public. Of those programs, Warez, Kazaa, and Morpheus in the way Internet users find and were among the most popular, as of February 2005. exchange information. The increasingly popular P2P programs Pornographic images are easily shared and accessed on the three P2P allow direct communication between computer users who can programs we tested—Warez, Kazaa, and Morpheus. Juveniles continue to be access and share digital music, at risk of inadvertent exposure to pornographic images when using P2P images, and video files. These programs. programs are known for having the functionality to share copyrighted Two of the three P2P programs—Kazaa and Morpheus—provided filters digital music and movies, and they intended to block access to objectionable material, but the effectiveness of are also a conduit for sharing the filters varied. Warez did not provide a filter. The filters provided by pornographic images and videos. Kazaa and Morpheus functioned differently: Kazaa filtered words found in Regarding these uses of P2P titles or metadata (data associated with the files that contain descriptive programs, GAO was asked to, information), while Morpheus required the user to enter the specific words among other things to be filtered. -
Standardmall För Rapporter Inom
I NTERNATIONELLA H ANDELSHÖGSKOLAN HÖGSKOLAN I JÖNKÖPING Piratkopiering bland elever Hot eller möjlighet? Filosofie kandidatuppsats inom informatik Författare: Forsell, Jens Karlsson, Jimmy Handledare: Lindh, Jörgen Jönköping Juni, 2005 J ÖNKÖPING I NTERNATIONAL B USINESS S CHOOL Jönköping University Piracy amongst students Threat or opportunity? Bachelors thesis in Informatics Author: Forsell, Jens Karlsson, Jimmy Tutor: Lindh, Jörgen Jönköping Juni, 2005 Kandidatuppsats inom informatik Titel: Piratkopiering bland studenter, hot eller möjlighet? Författare: Forsell, Jens & Karlsson, Jimmy Handledare: Lindh, Jörgen Datum: juni, 2005 Ämnesord: Piratkopiering, upphovsrätt, mp3 Sammanfattning Piratkopiering är idag mer aktuellt än någonsin med en ny, hårdare upphovsrättslag runt hörnet. Om den går igenom förbjuds även nerladdning av musik och film. Vi har i denna rapport, genom en enkät och med grund i diverse litteratur, undersökt studerande mellan 13 och 30 år och deras syn på och användande av piratkopierat material, med syftet att komma fram till om piratkopiering är utbrett bland studenter och i sådana fall varför de piratkopierar. Dessa svar har vi sedan förhoppning om skall ge oss en inblick i vad som kan göras från producenternas, av musik och film, sida för att attrahera konsumenterna med sina tjänster och förhindra piratkopiering. Det huvudsakliga resultat vi har kommit fram till med denna rapport är att piratkopiering är oerhört utbrett bland unga studerande, oavsett kön och ålder. Orsaken till utbredelsen av detta har framkommit vara priset på film och musik, som anses vara alldeles för högt, men också tillgängligheten av materialet. Undersökningen visar även att kunskapen om lagar gällande piratkopiering är bristfälliga, och det saknas respekt för dem. I dagens informationssamhälle saknas en effektiv kanal för distribution av digital media i Sverige. -
Bittorrent (Protocol) 1 Bittorrent (Protocol)
BitTorrent (protocol) 1 BitTorrent (protocol) BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol used for distributing large amounts of data over the Internet. BitTorrent is one of the most common protocols for transferring large files and it has been estimated that peer-to-peer networks collectively have accounted for roughly 43% to 70% of all Internet traffic (depending on geographical location) as of February 2009.[1] Programmer Bram Cohen designed the protocol in April 2001 and released a first implementation on July 2, 2001.[2] It is now maintained by Cohen's company BitTorrent, Inc. There are numerous BitTorrent clients available for a variety of computing platforms. As of January 2012 BitTorrent has 150 million active users according to BitTorrent Inc.. Based on this the total number of monthly BitTorrent users can be estimated at more than a quarter billion.[3] At any given instant of time BitTorrent has, on average, more active users than YouTube and Facebook combined. (This refers to the number of active users at any instant and not to the total number of unique users.)[4][5] Description The BitTorrent protocol can be used to reduce the server and network impact of distributing large files. Rather than downloading a file from a single source server, the BitTorrent protocol allows users to join a "swarm" of hosts to download and upload from each other simultaneously. The protocol is an alternative to the older single source, multiple mirror sources technique for distributing data, and can work over networks with lower bandwidth so many small computers, like mobile phones, are able to efficiently distribute files to many recipients.