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Naturalis Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional De La Plata Facultad De Ciencias Naturales Y Museo Naturalis Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de La Plata http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Eco-epidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas: evaluación de las variables que inciden en su transmisión por triatominos y su expresión mediante mapas de riesgo Ceccarelli, Soledad Doctor en Ciencias Naturales Dirección: Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo Co-dirección: Marti, Gerardo Aníbal Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo 2018 Acceso en: http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/id/20180412001571 Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y MUSEO FCNYM, UNLP ECOEPIDEMIOLOGÍA DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS: evaluación de las variables que inciden en su transmisión por triatominos y su expresión mediante mapas de riesgo TESISTA SOLEDAD CECCARELLI DIRECTORES DR. JORGE EDUARDO RABINOVICH DR. GERARDO ANÍBAL MARTI 2018 SOLEDAD CECCARELLI | Tesis Doctoral | 2018 Dedicatorias y agradecimientos Dedico estas líneas para dar mis más sinceros y profundos agradecimientos… • A la Universidad Nacional de La Plata y la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo por permitirme como instituciones públicas formarme en mi carrera de grado y de posgrado de forma libre y gratuita. Celebro y apoyo que la educación siga siendo pública. • A la CIC y al CONICET que por medio de becas y subsidios me dieron la oportunidad de financiarme los cinco años del doctorado. • Al CEPAVE como institución, y a todos y cada uno de los integrantes de este Centro del que formo parte hace ya 9 años. • A mis directores, Jorge Rabinovich y Gerardo Marti que estuvieron ahí, cada uno con su forma, ayudándome a darle rumbo a este camino lleno de postas que fue la tesis. Siempre confiaron en mí y me dejaron hacer y deshacer las cosas con aciertos y errores. • A los integrantes del Laboratorio de Triatominos del CEPAVE, compañeros y amigos, siempre dando una mano en el momento que más lo necesite. Gracias eternas… Agus, Lau, Maru. También a los que estuvieron menos tiempo, pero ayudándome siempre cuando los necesite… Euge, Rocio y Pablo… y por qué no a mis nuevas compañeras de mates, risas y almuerzos diarios… Ailen, Meli, Eva, Ale y Victoria ¡Gracias! • A Pau y María, mis compañeras y amigas de “City Bell”. Pau: amiga de fierro, fiel a sus principios, mi sostén y mi fuente de energía cuando más la necesité. Gracias por ayudarme a creer en mí. Mari: una amiga en la que siempre confié a ciegas. Agradezco que la vida nos haya puesto en el mismo lugar y hecho andar juntas el mismo camino. • Al grupo ¿De qué hablamos cuando hablamos de Chagas?, gracias a cada uno de ustedes aprendí a ver a esta problemática con otros ojos, salir de la burbuja académica y mirar con respeto al otro. Mari: agradezco que una actividad de esas Página | 1 SOLEDAD CECCARELLI | Tesis Doctoral | 2018 “eclécticas” en la facultad haya hecho que te conozca. Estoy orgullosa de vos y te agradezco todo lo que me enseñaste. • A los amigos que la biología me dio…Coquita: gracias por hacer más amenas las horas de estudio, tu compañía y tu buen humor fueron un gran sostén para mí; Belu: mi agenda y mi despertador personal, que hubiese hecho sin vos amiga, gracias por todo; Angie: de pocas palabras pero un gran corazón, gracias por el aguante; Fabi: tu inteligencia nunca superó tu bondad, gracias por ser una de mis fuentes de inspiración; Yae: amiga incondicional desde la primer hora de la primer clase del curso de ingreso, parciales y finales juntas… ¡Gracias totales! • A mis hermanas de la vida…Prish: mi complemento, mi sostén, siempre con las palabras justas, esas que siempre necesité; Fer: una amiga incondicional, siempre presente cuando más la necesité; Mir: una amiga con la sinceridad que pocos tienen, bastan miradas para entendernos… ¡Gracias por más de 15 años de aguante! • A toda mi familia por confiar en mí. • A mi Mamá y mi Papá, gracias por darme la oportunidad de estudiar y crecer siempre confiando en mis capacidades. • A mis hermanos: Pao, Pablo y Lucía. No sería la misma si no los tuviera a ustedes. Son una parte de mí. ¡Gracias por el aguante! • A mi compañero de vida…Pablo: gracias por tanto, gracias por dar sin medir, gracias por cuidarme, gracias por bancarme en esta recta final. • A mis compañeros de las cátedras de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública Básica y Bioestadística (FCV-UNLP): Estela, Raúl, Karina, Cecilia, Exequiel, Giselle, María José, Leonardo, Ramiro, Pía y Corina. • A mis guías internacionales…Fabricio Villalobos y Andrés Lira-Noriega: los admiro y agradezco que me hayan dado un lugar para aprender de ustedes. Excelentes personas e investigadores. • A todos los colegas que colaboraron sin dudarlo cada vez que recurrí a ellos. • A las instituciones que me recibieron en mis pasantías fuera del país: UFG-Goiania, Brasil e INECOL-Jalapa, México. Página | 2 SOLEDAD CECCARELLI | Tesis Doctoral | 2018 Índice Resumen en español ...................................................................................................................... 6 Resumen en inglés ......................................................................................................................... 7 Breve descripción de los capítulos que conforman la tesis.............................................................. 9 Capítulo 1 - Introducción General................................................................................................. 10 1.1 La enfermedad de Chagas ............................................................................................. 10 1.2 Antecedentes sobre Chagas en América y a nivel mundial ............................................ 11 1.3 Antecedentes sobre Chagas en Sudamérica: situación epidemiológica para Argentina .. 12 1.4 Triatominos y su distribución geográfica ....................................................................... 13 1.5 Ecología de los triatominos ........................................................................................... 14 1.6 Eco-epidemiología ........................................................................................................ 14 1.7 Objetivos del trabajo .................................................................................................... 16 Capítulo 2 - Conformación de la base de datos de presencias de triatominos americanos ............ 17 2.1 Introducción ................................................................................................................. 17 2.1.1 Base de datos........................................................................................................ 17 2.2 Objetivo y contexto del capítulo ................................................................................... 18 2.3 Materiales y métodos ................................................................................................... 19 2.3.1 Obtención y recopilación de datos de presencia de las especies de triatominos .... 19 2.3.2 Georreferenciación de los datos de presencia y conformación de la base de datos 19 2.3.3 Datos complementarios para cada especie ........................................................... 21 2.3.4 Análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos de la base de datos ......................................... 21 2.4 Resultados .................................................................................................................... 22 2.4.1 Análisis de la recopilación de datos de presencia y datos complementarios de las especies de triatominos presentes en la base de datos ......................................................... 22 2.5 Discusión y conclusiones ............................................................................................... 31 Capítulo 3 Modelado de la distribución geográfica de triatominos a partir de variables climáticas 34 3.1 Introducción ................................................................................................................. 34 3.1.1 Descripción de las distribuciones geográficas de los triatominos ........................... 34 3.1.2 Introducción al Modelado de Distribución de Especies (MDE) ............................... 34 3.2 Objetivo y contexto del capítulo ................................................................................... 36 3.3 Materiales y métodos ................................................................................................... 36 3.3.1 Datos de presencia de las especies de triatominos ................................................ 36 Página | 3 SOLEDAD CECCARELLI | Tesis Doctoral | 2018 3.3.2 Área de estudio o extensión del modelado............................................................ 37 3.3.3 Variables macro-climáticas .................................................................................... 37 3.3.4 Descripción del Modelo de Distribución de Especies (MDE) ................................... 38 3.3.5 Conformación de conjuntos de especies ............................................................... 41 3.4 Resultados .................................................................................................................... 42 3.4.1 Datos de presencia provenientes de la base de datos............................................ 42 3.4.2 Parámetros usados, evaluación y selección de modelos finales del MDE ............... 44 3.4.3 Mapas de distribución geográfica e información ecológica recopilada. .................. 47 3.5 Discusión y conclusiones ..............................................................................................
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