The POLITICO Pro ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH TABLE OF CONTENTS

› Introduction ...... 3

› Branches in Federal Government ...... 4

› Executive Branch Deep Dive ...... 5

» What Does the Executive Branch do?

» Who Makes up the Executive Branch?

» Executive Branch and the Budget Process

» Executive Branch and Regulations

› Executive Orders Deep Dive ...... 10

» Executive Orders, Actions, Memorandums and Proclamations FAQs

» Executive Orders under President Trump

» Amount of Executive Orders by President and by Party

2 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH INTRODUCTION

It’s Civics 101. The United States federal government is made up of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each branch’s powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution, and while each has different areas of focus, the system was built so that no single branch of the federal government could become too powerful.

In this guide, we’ll focus on the executive branch, taking a deep dive into its responsibilities, who makes up this branch, their role in regulations and budgeting, and what executive orders are and how they work.

3 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH BRANCHES IN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Let’s review: The federal government of the United States is made up of three branches.

1 2 3

EXECUTIVE BRANCH LEGISLATIVE BRANCH JUDICIAL BRANCH

Led by the president of the United States, Made up of the Senate, House of Consisting of the Supreme Court, Court the executive branch is in charge of Representatives and agencies that support of Appeals and District Courts, it’s this implementing and enforcing laws Congress, it is the legislative branch’s job to group’s responsibility to interpret the laws written by Congress. write, debate and pass laws. Additionally, passed by the legislative branch and settle the Senate is responsible for confirming arguments about how they are enforced. executive branch nominees and officials, They have the authority to decide if laws as well as confirming judiciary nominees. violate the Constitution – this is known Finally, both chambers are responsible for as judicial review. impeachment proceedings of executive and judiciary branch officials.

QUICK TIP An easy way to remember what each of the branches within the federal government does:

›› LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: Makes laws

›› EXECUTIVE BRANCH: Enforces laws

›› JUDICIAL BRANCH: Evaluates laws

4 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH EXECUTIVE BRANCH DEEP DIVE

What is the Executive Branch? The power of the Executive branch is vested in the president of the United States. The president is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws written by congress and, to that end, appoints the heads of the federal agencies, including the Cabinet.

THE PRESIDENT FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS & AGENCIES THE CABINET

Who serves in President Trump’s cabinet?

›› Vice President Mike Pence

›› 15 department heads (the secretaries + Attorney General)

›› Seven additional people with “cabinet-status”

›› White House Chief of Staff, John Kelly

›› Environmental Protection Agency Administrator, Scott Pruitt

›› Office of Management & Budget Director, Mick Mulvaney

›› United States Trade Representative Ambassador, Robert Lighthizer

›› United States Mission to the United Nations Ambassador, Nikki Haley

›› Council of Economic Advisers Chairman, Kevin Hassett

›› Small Business Administration Administrator, Linda McMahon

Information adapted from: https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/executive-branch

5 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH Nov. 11, 2016 I Updated Oct. 11, 2017 President Donald Trump’s Cabinet President Donald Trump does not have the traditional cadre of Washington insiders and donors serving on his Cabinet. Most of his Cabinet — industry titans, military leaders and conservative activists — comprise one of the more eclectic and controversial presidential cabinets in modern history.

UPDATE

AGRICULTURE ATTORNEY GENERAL COMMERCE DEFENSE EDUCATION ENERGY HHS Former Georgia Gov. Sen. Jeff Sessions Wilbur Ross is a billion- Retired Marine Gen. Betsy DeVos, 58, a Former Texas Gov. Rick HHS Deputy Secretary Sonny Perdue, whose (R-Ala.) is known for his aire investor, former Jim “Mad Dog” Mattis, school-choice activist, Perry heads an agency Eric Hargan will serve name was one of the first hard-line views on Rothschild banker and former U.S. Central billionaire philanthro- he once he promised to as the agency’s acting to surface as a possible immigration and legali- specialist in bankruptcy Command chief, served pist and Republican abolish during the 2012 secretary. Don Wright, pick, seems to satisfy zation of marijuana. and corporate more than four decades mega-donor, was the presidential campaign. a longtime staffer of the the agriculture industry’s In 1986, Sessions was turnarounds. In 2000, in the Marine Corps. chair for the American Perry, a climate skeptic, agency, had been serving request for someone he founded W.L. Ross, From 2007 to 2010, Federation for Children, as the agency’s acting a former U.S. prosecu- leads an agency that with farming experience. tor whose nomination which has invested in Mattis served as NATO’s an advocacy group that oversees the security secretary after the Perdue, who grew up nearly 180 companies, supreme allied has aggressively resignation of Tom Price for a federal judgeship of the nation’s nuclear on a row crop farm, has was rejected by the notably in Rust Belt states. commander of transfor- pushed to expand weapons, writes over controversy owned several small mation. He was the top charter schools and surrounding his air travel. GOP-controlled Senate His firm is known to buy efficiency regulations, agribusiness and trans- Judiciary Committee failed companies in U.S. commander in Iraq school voucher runs energy research Hargan was confirmed portation companies. and Afghanistan from programs that provide because of accusations distressed sectors — programs and funds as deputy secretary by During his two terms of racism. In 1995, he steel or coal — at steep 2010 to 2013. families with public basic science. Conser- the Senate on a 57-38 money to spend on as governor, Perdue was elected Alabama’s discounts, implementing Mattis, who was active vatives had favored him vote. It’s Hargan’s second pursued economic attorney general. severe cost reductions, duty within the past private school tuition. as someone with go-around at HHS: He development through such as cutting worker seven years, would management experi- served in several roles trade and raised the pay and benefits, and require a Congressional ence who would be from 2003 to 2007, profile of the Port of selling investments waiver to get confirmed. willing to question the including as acting deputy Savannah. He also for profit. agency’s status quo. secretary, before leaving focused on cutting government work to government spending practice law in Chicago. and improving edu- Betsy DeVos Rick Perry cation in the state. President James Mattis CONFIRMED CONFIRMED Wilbur Ross Trump CONFIRMED 50-50* 62-37 Jeff Sessions CONFIRMED 98-1 VACANT CONFIRMED 72-27 Ben Carson 52-47 CONFIRMED Sonny Perdue 58-41 CONFIRMED 87-11 EDUCATION ENERGY HHS DEFENSE HUD COMMERCE JUSTICE VA USDA TREASURY DOT

DHS STATE INTERIOR LABOR

David Shulkin CONFIRMED 100-0

Steven Mnuchin VACANT VACANT Elaine Chao CONFIRMED CONFIRMED Rex Tillerson CONFIRMED 53-47 88-11 Ryan Zinke Alexander Acosta CONFIRMED 93-6 *DeVos was confirmed CONFIRMED CONFIRMED 56-43 with Vice President Mike Pence casting the 68-31 60-38 tie-breaking vote.

UPDATE

DHS INTERIOR LABOR STATE DOT TREASURY VETERANS AFFAIRS Trump is expected Trump has tapped Alexander Acosta, a Rex Tillerson, 64, the Elaine Chao, wife of Steven Mnuchin is David Shulkin, the former to nominate Kirstjen freshman Rep. Ryan former Justice Depart- longtime CEO of Sen. Mitch McConnell a 17-year-veteran of undersecretary for health Nielsen, who served Zinke (R-Mont.), an ment official and current ExxonMobil, has (R-Ky.), served as labor Goldman Sachs who at Veterans Affairs, has been as White House chief of ex-Navy SEAL dean of Florida Int’l. worked at Exxon for secretary for all eight worked as the chairman tapped to lead the agency staff John Kelly’s No. 2 commander, to be Univ. College of Law, more than 40 years, years of George W. and chief executive in the new administration. during his time as DHS Interior secretary. The was named after climbing up the ranks Bush’s presidency. Chao of his own private A former physician, Shulkin secretary and moved offer comes just days Trump’s first pick, from an engineer to also served as deputy investment firm, Dune has served in his current with him to the West after No. 4 House fast-food CEO Andrew become the CEO. He secretary of transporta- Capital Management. role since 2015. Wing as his principal Republican Rep. Cathy Puzder, backed out. has made a number of tion under President Dune, along with investors, bought deputy chief of staff McMorris Rodgers Acosta clerked for large deals, including George H.W. Bush. (R-Wash.) was reported the purchase of XTO IndyMac, a failed bank, HUD when he was appointed Justice Samuel Alito Chao is a Harvard to be the favorite to Energy in 2009. from the FDIC in 2009. in July. when he was a judge Business School Dr. Ben Carson, retired win the position. Under Mnuchin, the Nielsen, 45, is a on the U.S. Court of Tillerson is likely to face graduate; was a banker neurosurgeon and former bank faced criticism cybersecurity expert Out of all the Republi- Appeals for the Third extensive questions at Citigroup; and director of pediatric over aggressive and an attorney with an cans on the Hill, Zinke Circuit. He also served on Capitol Hill, as a president and chief neurosurgery at Johns foreclosure tactics. extensive background has one of the on the Nat’l. Labor number of prominent executive officer of the Hopkins Univ., cites his in homeland security, strongest track records Relations Board under Republicans have United Way of America. Mnuchin, an industry childhood in Detroit and on conservation and President George already voiced insider with close ties his experience treating including stints at TSA She is a fellow at public land issues. W. Bush from 2002 to concerns about his to Wall Street, served inner-city patients as and on the White House Hudson Institute and 2003, then left the NLRB close ties to Russia as finance chairman qualifications to head an Homeland Security He voted against the sits on several to become an assistant and its strongman for Trump’s campaign. agency with an annual Council under President GOP’s fiscal 2016 corporate and nonprofit attorney general for the president, Vladimir He has no government budget of $47 billion. George W. Bush. budget because it sold boards, including Wells Justice Department’s Putin. He has no formal experience. Carson has no experience Other people considered public lands and also Fargo, Dole Food and Civil Rights division. He government experi- in housing, governing by the White House opposed efforts by News Corp. served as U.S. Attorney ence, but spent years or running a large included House Rep. Rob Bishop for the Southern District running ExxonMobil's bureaucracy. Homeland Security (R-Utah) to hand over of Florida from 2005 extensive international chairman Michael millions of acres of to 2009, when he operations. McCaul (R-Texas). public land to the state. joined Florida Int’l. Univ.

Source: POLITICO staff reports By Todd Lindeman, POLITICO Pro DataPoint

6 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH What federal departments/agencies are part of the executive branch? The term “government agency” also means the United States federal executive departments that include the President’s cabinet-level departments and their subunits. Examples of these agencies include the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury.

Information provided by Anastasia Jakabcin, POLITICO.

7 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH What part does the executive branch play in the budgeting process? The federal budget process starts in the executive branch of government. The budget sets fiscal policy, proposing how much should be spent on public programs, how much revenue should be generated through taxes and how much of a deficit – or surplus – should be tolerated. Here’s a look at the Congressional Budget Process timeline:

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET PROCESS TIMETABLE

Target Date Action to be Completed

First Monday in February President submits budget to Congress

Congressional Budget Office submits economic and budget outlook report February 15 to Budget Committees

Six weeks after president submits budget Committees submit views and estimates to Budget Committees

April 1 Senate Budget Committee reports budget resolution

April 15 Congress completes action on budget resolution

Annual appropriations bills may be considered in the House, even if action on May 15 budget resolution has not been completed

June 10 House Appropriations Committee reports last regular appropriations bill

Congress completes action on reconciliation legislation June 15 (if required by budget resolution)

June 30 House completes action on annual appropriations bills

July 15 President submits midsession review of budget to Congress

October 1 Fiscal year begins

Source: Adapted from Section 300 of the Congressional Budget Act (2 U.S.C. 631).

Learn more about the federal budget process here: politico.com/pro/blog/guide-to-the-federal-budget

8 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH What is a regulation? Regulations set specific requirements about what is legal and what is not. Laws state the “what” and regulations state how agencies legislate or enforce the laws.

Here’s the lifecycle from passage of a bill to implementation and enforcement as a rule, and finally, to codification in the United States Code:

Congress passes a bill; president signs into law Agencies review, formulate proposed rules

Open for public comment; Congressional review Rule finalized, becomes part of the U.S. code

Information provided by Anastasia Jakabcin, POLITICO.

9 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH DEEP DIVE ON EXECUTIVE ORDERS

What is an executive order? An executive order is an official, legally binding mandate directed by the president to federal agencies under the executive branch. Executive orders instruct agencies on how to interpret and implement federal law.

What is an executive action? An executive action is a broad term describing all types of unilateral moves by a president. Executive actions include presidential memorandums and proclamations and carry the same legal effects as an executive order.

What are memorandums and proclamations? Memorandums are similar to executive orders. However, a memorandum doesn’t have an established process for how the president issues it. Memorandums are hard to track because they are not submitted to the Federal Register. Proclamations are commonly used for ceremonial purposes and don’t normally have any legal effect.

Are executive orders in the Constitution? According to the Congressional Research Service, “Executive orders, presidential memoranda, and proclamations are used extensively by presidents to achieve policy goals, set uniform standards for managing the executive branch, or outline a policy view intended to influence the behavior of private citizens. The U.S. Constitution does not define these presidential instruments and does not explicitly vest the President with the authority to issue them. Nonetheless, such orders are accepted as an inherent aspect of presidential power. Moreover, if they are based on appropriate authority, they have the force and effect of law.”

Information adapted from www.archives.gov

10 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH March 8, 2017 | Updated Oct. 18, 2017 All of President Trump’s Executive Orders and Memoranda President Donald Trump has issued executive orders and memoranda — which presidents increasingly use interchangeably and are equally legally binding — at a faster pace than former President Barack Obama from the beginning of their respective presidencies. Trump has wielded his executive power most often for issues related to energy and the environment, national security and trade.

Count of Trump’s executive orders and memos, by topic Trump’s and Obama’s total executive orders and memos published in the Federal Register, Jan. 20 to Oct. 17 National security 8 75 Energy & environment 8 Trump, 2017 67 Trade 8 Obama, 2009 Immigration 7 53 50 Executive branch 6

Justice 6

Regulations 5

Other 5 25

Labor 4 As of Oct. 17 Health 4 Note: Total equals 66 Education 3 because one memo was 0 republished because Technology 2 of a filing discrepancy. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.

As of Oct. 18, 2017 Substance and Status of Trump’s Orders and Memos In progress Modified, in litigation Source: Federal Register, POLITICO Pro staff reports By Janie Boschma, POLITICO Pro DataPoint TOPIC PUBLISHED TYPE CITATION STATUS SUMMARY or ongoing or no longer applicable Completed

Education 9/28/17 Memorandum 82 FR 45417 Directs the Education secretary to prioritize STEM education, with a goal of awarding at least $200 million in grants every yearto promote STEM education, especially in computer science. 5/1/17 Executive order E.O. 13791 Directs Education secretary to review rules or guidance amended by ESSA, rescinding or revising items that exercise federal control over areas subject to state or local control 3/3/17 Executive order E.O. 13779 Moves initiative on HBCUs to White House and creates board of advisers to increase HBCU capacity and strengthen role of private sector and public-private partnerships

Energy and 5/3/17 Executive order E.O. 13795 Directs Interior secretary to streamline permitting for exploration of o„shore energy resource environment potential on the Outer Continental Shelf, prevents Commerce secretary from designating a marine monument unless expressly required or after an Interior review of resource potential, directs Commerce secretary to review all existing marine monuments and any potential energy or mineral resources within their boundaries, revokes E.O. 13754, directs Interior secretary to review an Obama-era rule regulating drilling on the Arctic OCS o„ Alaska 5/1/17 Executive order E.O. 13792 Directs Interior secretary to conduct review of national monuments established or modified since Jan. 1, 1996, especially any totaling 100,000 acres or more 3/31/17 Executive order E.O. 13783 Calls on agencies to review anything that could burden energy production, especially oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear energy. Revokes E.O. 13653 and three of Obama's memoranda related to climate change, as well as the President's Climate Action Plan and another report on reducing methane emissions. Directs Interior secretary to review several oil and gas rules. 3/3/17 Executive order E.O. 13778 Directs the EPA and Army Corps of Engineers to review controversial Waters of the U.S. rule, which expanded the type of waterways protected under the Clean Water Act, and to issue a proposed rule to either revise or rescind it 1/30/17, Memorandum 82 FR 11129 Instructs the Army Corps of Engineers to conduct an expedited review and approval 2/17/2017 of requests to construct the Dakota Access pipeline 1/30/17 Executive order E.O. 13766 Requires chairman of the White House Council on Environmental Equality to determine whether requests for infrastructure projects are “high priority” within 30 days after request As of Oct. 18, 2017 1/30/17 Memorandum 82 FR 8659 * Directs Commerce secretary to develop plan for new pipelines to be made Substance and Status of Trump’s Orderswith U.S.-produced and Memos materials and equipment 1/30/17 Memorandum 82 FR 8663 Invites TransCanada to resubmit its Keystone pipeline application and directs the secretary of State to makeIn aprogress decision within 60 Modified,days of receipt in litigation TOPIC PUBLISHED TYPE CITATION STATUS SUMMARY or ongoing or no longer applicable Completed

Executive 10/4/17 Executive order E.O. 13811 Authorizes the continuance of 32 federal advisory committees through Sept. 30, 2019 branch 5/9/17 Executive order E.O. 13798 Prohibits Treasury secretary from taxing religious entities, directs agency heads to issue regulations to allow exemptions from oering preventive health services including birth control

3/16/17 Executive order E.O. 13781 Calls on each agency head to submit a plan to reorganize to improve eciency, eectiveness and accountability 2/3/17 Executive order E.O. 13770 Directs all appointees to sign an ethics agreement pledging not to engage in certain lobbying activities after their departure 2/2/17 Memorandum 82 FR 9119 Modifies list of regular attendees for NSC meetings to add White House chief strategist and homeland security adviser and to remove Energy secretary, representative to the U.N., OMB director, director of national intelligence and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Sta 1/25/17 Memorandum 82 FR 8493 Prohibits agencies from filling or creating positions, except military personnel and agency or department heads

Health 10/17/17 Executive order E.O. 13813 Directs the HHS, Treasury and Labor secretaries to propose options to expand access to insurance plans that are exempt from many Aordable Care Act requirements — association health plans; short-term, limited-duration insurance; and health reimbursement arrangements 4/3/17 Executive order E.O. 13784 Establishes President's Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis to study the federal response and to recommend improvements, with a final report due Oct. 1 1/25/17 Memorandum 82 FR 8495 Restores the Mexico City Policy (also known as the global gag rule), which prohibits USAID funding for NGOs that oer services related to abortion, such as counseling or referrals 1/24/17 Executive order E.O. 13765 Authorizes HHS secretary and other agency heads with authority to waive, defer, grant exemptions from or delay implementation of the ACA's provisions or requirements

Immigration 6/26/17 Executive order E.O. 13802 Amends one of Obama's orders, removing directions to secretaries of State and DHS to ensure that 80 percent of nonimmigrant visa applicants are interviewed within three weeks of receiving their applications As of Oct. 18, 2017 6/19/17 Memorandum 82 FR 27965 Delays the eective date of E.O. 13780, declaring it to go into eect on the same day Substance and Status of Trump’s Ordersand time and injunctions Memos are lifted or stayed 4/3/17 Memorandum 82 FR 16279 Calls for enhanced vetting and full enforcement of all immigration laws In progress Modified, in litigation TOPIC PUBLISHED TYPE CITATION STATUS SUMMARY or ongoing or no longer applicable Completed

Immigration 3/9/17 Executive order E.O. 13780 Removes Iraq from previous list and now restricts U.S. entry to those seeking new visas cont’d. from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen; directs secretary of State to suspend refugee travel under the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program and directs DHS secretary to suspend decisions on refugee applications 2/1/17 Executive order E.O. 13769 Restricts U.S. entry for passport holders from seven Muslim-majority countries; directs the secretary of State to suspend the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program for 120 days 1/30/17 Executive order E.O. 13767 Directs DHS secretary to construct a wall on southern border and identify federal funding sources, and other measures to increase immigration enforcement 1/30/17 Executive order E.O. 13768 Calls on agencies to deny federal funding to sanctuary cities, directs DHS secretary to hire 10,000 additional immigration o“cers, authorizes state and local law enforcement to “perform the functions of an immigration o“cer” under DHS supervision

Justice 8/31/17 Executive order E.O. 13809 Revokes Obama's EO 13688 establishing a working group to recommend limitations on the transfer of certain military equipment to law enforcement; and directs all agencies to rescind any subsequent policies or practices that were put into place 4/5/17 Executive order E.O. 13787 Revokes E.O. 13775 and instead calls on the U.S. attorneys for the Eastern District of Virginia, then Eastern District of North Carolina and then Northern District of Texas to fulfill leadership duties at DOJ if necessary (replacing Northern District of Illinois and Western District of Missouri) 2/14/17 Executive order E.O. 13773 Directs agencies to increase cooperation on and enforcement of transnational crime

2/14/17 Executive order E.O. 13774 Orders the DOJ to lead a review of laws and its grants related to the protection of law * enforcement o“cers; requests recommendations for their enhancement 2/14/17 Executive order E.O. 13775 Establishes a succession order if the attorney general and/or other top DOJ o“cials are unable to fulfill their duties 2/14/17 Executive order E.O. 13776 Orders the attorney general to establish a task force on reducing crime, especially “illegal immigration, drug tra“cking, and violent crime”

LaborAs of Oct. 18, 201710/4/17 Executive order E.O. 13812 Discontinues the National Council on Federal Labor-Management Relations, directs heads of agencies to rescind anything that relates to the council Substance6/20/17 and StatusExecutive order of Trump’sE.O. 13801 OrdersDirects and the Labor Memos secretary to propose regulations and provide funding to promote apprentice- ship programs, creates Task Force on Apprenticeship Expansion within Labor department In progress Modified, in litigation TOPIC PUBLISHED TYPE CITATION STATUS SUMMARY or ongoing or no longer applicable Completed

Labor 3/30/17 Executive order E.O. 13782 Revokes two of Obama's orders and a portion of a third that require agencies to confirm cont’d. that entities fulfilling major federal contracts have not recently violated labor laws 2/7/17 Memorandum 82 FR 9675 Directs the Labor secretary to conduct a review of the Obama administration’s fiduciary duty rule and issue a proposed rule to revise or rescind it (implementation delayed until June 2017)

National 9/25/17 Executive order E.O. 13810 Expands the scope of sanctionable entities and individuals in North Korea security, defense 8/30/17 Memorandum 82 FR 41319 Bans new transgender military recruits and funding for reassignment therapies, except for those who have already begun reassignment, until the Defense secretary “provides a recommendation to the contrary that I find convincing.” The Defense secretary will determine the status of current transgender service members. 8/29/17 Executive order E.O. 13808 Imposes new sanctions against the government of Venezuela

8/23/17 Memorandum 82 FR 39953 Promotes Cyber Command to a United Combatant Command, which in part allows the head of command to report directly to the Defense secretary, and directs the secretary to submit a plan on whether to split Cyber Command from the NSA 7/7/17 Executive order E.O. 13803 Re-establishes the National Space Council to advise the president on space policy and strategy

7/14/17 Executive order E.O. 13804 Delays lifting sanctions against Sudan by three months in return for good behavior, removes requirement for State Department to prepare annual progress report 2/2/17 Memorandum 82 FR 9125 Directs the Defense secretary to submit a plan for defeating ISIS

2/1/17 Memorandum 82 FR 8983 Directs Defense secretary to conduct readiness review, help develop fiscal 2017 budget amendment and levels for fiscal 2018, submit action plan to president within 60 days

Regulations 4/26/17 Executive order E.O. 13789 Directs Treasury secretary to review and identify all signficant tax regulations issued in 2016 that burden taxpayers, add "undue complexity" to tax laws or exceed the statutory authority of the IRS in a report to the president, due within 150 days 3/1/17 Executive order E.O. 13777 Tasks the head of each agency to establish a task force to identify regulations As of Oct. 18, 2017 for repeal, replacement or modification Substance2/8/17 and StatusExecutive order of Trump’sE.O. 13772 OrdersDirects and Treasury Memos secretary to notify the president within 120 days of the financial laws, treaties, regulations, guidance, reporting and record-keeping requirements, as well as other policies that run counter to administration’sIn progress “core principles”Modified, outlined in in litigation the order TOPIC PUBLISHED TYPE CITATION STATUS SUMMARY or ongoing or no longer applicable Completed

Regulations 2/3/17 Executive order E.O. 13771 Requires agencies to identify two rules to eliminate for every new significant rule cont’d. 1/30/17 Memorandum 82 FR 8667 Directs agencies to expedite reviews and approvals of proposals to construct manufacturing facilities; directs Commerce secretary to submit a plan to streamline federal permitting and to reduce regulations aŒecting domestic manufacturing

Technology 5/16/17 Executive order E.O. 13800 Instructs agency heads to submit cyber risk management reports and the OMB director * to submit a cybersecurity plan based on the findings of those reports 5/3/17 Executive order E.O. 13794 Establishes the American Technology Council to modernize federal IT and digital services

Trade 8/17/17 Memorandum 82 FR 39007 Authorizes USTR to evaluate whether to investigate any of China's actions or policies “that may be harming American intellectual property rights, innovation, or technology development” 7/26/17 Executive order E.O. 13806 Requires an interagency report to be submitted within 270 days assessing the domestic manufacturing capacity, the defense industrial base and supply-chain resiliency 5/4/17 Executive order E.O. 13797 Establishes the O˜ce of Trade and Manufacturing Policy to advise on promoting growth, decreasing the trade deficit (has since been absorbed into National Economic Council) 5/4/17 Executive order E.O. 13796 Directs the Commerce secretary and USTR to review every trade and investment agreement and all trade relationships with WTO members without free trade agreements where the U.S. runs "significant trade deficits in goods" and take "every appropriate and lawful action to address violations of trade law, abuses of trade law or instances of unfair treatment" 4/21/17 Executive order E.O. 13788 Directs each agency to propose policies to maximize the use of U.S.-made products * in federal awards and contracts, especially steel, iron, aluminum and cement; directs Commerce secretary to issue guidance and for the secretary and USTR to study how trade agreements aŒect Buy American laws; requires a review of H-1B visa program 4/5/17 Executive order E.O. 13786 Directs Commerce secretary and USTR to submit a report on significant trade deficits

4/5/17 Executive order E.O. 13785 Directs DHS secretary to develop a plan requiring some importers to provide security for As of Oct. 18, 2017 anti-dumping and countervailing with bonds or other measures and to develop a plan for intercepting and disposing of inadmissible goods, grants DHS secretary authority to enforce Substance and Status of Trump’s Ordersintellectual and property Memos laws and to notify IPR holders of violations 1/25/17 Memorandum 82 FR 8497 Directs the administration to withdrawIn progress from the TPPModified, and all related in litigation negotiations TOPIC PUBLISHED TYPE CITATION STATUS SUMMARY or ongoing or no longer applicable Completed

Other 8/24/17 Executive order E.O. 13807 Streamlines permitting and environmental reviews for major infrastructure projects, establishing “One Federal Decision,” which requires designating a lead federal agency to coordinate the permitting and approval process with other agencies 7/25/17 Executive order E.O. 13805 Establishes a Presidential Advisory Council on Infrastructure, which has since disbanded

5/16/17 Executive order E.O. 13799 Establishes the Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity to study voting processes and registration and report on practices that enhance and undermine citizens' confidence in elections and on vulnerabilities that could lead to improper voting and fraud 5/2/17 Executive order E.O. 13793 Establishes an OŽce of Accountability and Whistleblower Protection at Veterans A“airs

4/28/17 Executive order E.O. 13790 Establishes the Interagency Task Force on Agriculture and Rural Prosperity to identify legislative, regulatory or policy changes that benefit rural areas

Note: This graphic does not include memoranda that tend to be clerical in nature — certificiations, delegations and designations. * indicates action status could not be confirmed with corresponding agency

Source: Federal Register, POLITICO Pro staff reports

By Janie Boschma, POLITICO Pro DataPoint

11 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH AMOUNT OF EXECUTIVE ORDERS BY PRESIDENT AND BY PARTY

Franklin D. Roosevelt 3,721 Woodrow Wilson 1,803 Calvin Coolidge 1,203 Theodore Roosevelt 1,081 Herbert Hoover 968 Harry S. Truman 907 William Howard Taft 724 Warren G. Harding 522 Dwight D. Eisenhower 484 Ronald Reagan 381 William J. Clinton 364 Richard Nixon 346 Lyndon B. Johnson 325 Jimmy Carter 320 George W. Bush 291 Barack Obama 277 Grover Cleveland 253 Ulysses S. Grant 217 John F. Kennedy 214 William McKinley 185 Gerald R. Ford 169 DEMOCRAT George H.W. Bush 166 8,354 REPUBLICAN Benjamin Harrison 143 Chester A. Arthur 96 7,122 Rutherford B. Hayes 92 Andrew Johnson 79 Abraham Lincoln 48 Franklin Pierce 35 James K. Polk 18 John Tyler* 17 James Buchanan 16 Andrew Jackson 12 Millard Fillmore* 12 OTHER Martin Van Buren 10 George Washington* 8 52 James Garfield 6 Zachary Taylor* 5 Thomas Jefferson* 4 John Quincy Adams* 3 James Madison* 1 James Monroe* 1 John Adams* 1 William Henry Harrison* 0

*Indicates president served before the formation of the modern day Democratic and Republican parties. **For this graph President Cleveland’s terms have been combined to reflect his total number of Executive Orders. Source: The American Presidency Project, UC - Santa Barbara

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12 | ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EXECUTIVE BRANCH