Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS ...... i GLOSSARY ...... ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... iv 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 PURPOSE OF EIA REPORT ...... 1 1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... 1 1.3 THE PROPONENT ...... 2 1.4 THE CONSULTANT ...... 2 1.5 PROJECT NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION ...... 3 1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY...... 4 1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ...... 4 1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL TEAM ...... 5 2 REGULATORY/LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 6 2.1 NATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK ...... 6 2.2 PAKISTAN NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY (NCS) ...... 6 2.3 PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT (PEPA), 1997 ...... 7 2.4 PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (REVIEW OF IEE/EIA) REGULATIONS 2000 ...... 8 2.5 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 8 2.5.1 Guidelines for Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports ...... 9 2.5.2 Guidelines for Public Consultation ...... 9 2.5.3 Guidelines for Sensitive Areas ...... 9 2.6 PUNJAB ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2012 ...... 9 2.7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DEPARTMENT PUNJAB ...... 10 2.8 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) ...... 11 2.9 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, 2005 ...... 11 2.10 NATIONAL FOREST POLICY PAKISTAN, 2001 ...... 11 2.11 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL STATUES RELEVANT TO PACKAGE-II PUNJAB SAAF PANI PROJECT ...... 12 2.11.1 Land Acquisition Act (LAA), 1894...... 12 2.11.2 Forest Act, 1927 ...... 12 2.11.3 Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 ...... 13 2.11.4 Antiquities Act, 1975 ...... 13 2.11.5 Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001 ...... 13

2.11.6 The Punjab Wildlife Protection Act, 1974 ...... 13 2.12 PROCEDURE FOR EIA APPROVAL ...... 14 2.12.1 Classification of the Project ...... 14 2.12.2 Submission of EIA ...... 14 2.12.3 Issuance of N.O.C ...... 14 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 17 3.1 SIZE, MAGNITUDE AND LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ...... 17 3.2 TYPE AND CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT ...... 17 3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ...... 17 3.4 LAND ACQUISITION ...... 17 3.5 GROUND WATER TABLE ...... 19 3.6 ENERGY SOURCES ...... 19 3.7 PROJECT COMPONENTS AND SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT ...... 19 3.8 ULTRA-FILTRATION PLANTS ...... 27 3.8.1 Plant Operation & Control ...... 27 3.8.2 Design Criteria ...... 27 3.8.3 Pre-filtration/Sand Media ...... 27 3.8.4 Activated Carbon Filtration ...... 28 3.8.5 Washable Screen Filter ...... 28 3.8.6 Cartridge Filters ...... 28 3.8.7 Ultrafiltration Membranes ...... 28 3.8.8 FRP Vessels for Sand, Activated Carbon and Chemical Reduction Filtration . 29 3.8.9 Stainless Steel Skid ...... 29 3.8.10 Chemical Reduction Filters ...... 29 3.8.11 Arsenic Filters ...... 30 3.8.12 Fluoride Removal Filter ...... 30 3.8.13 Nitrate Removal Filter ...... 30 3.8.14 Hardness Reduction Filter...... 30 3.8.15 Iron and Manganese ...... 30 3.9 REVERSE OSMOSIS PLANTS ...... 30 3.9.1 Plant Operation & Control ...... 31 3.9.2 Design Criteria ...... 31 3.9.3 Equipment ...... 31 3.9.4 Pre-filtration/Pressure Filter ...... 32 3.9.5 Reverse Osmosis Section ...... 32 3.9.6 High Pressure Pump ...... 32

Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

3.9.7 Reverse Osmosis Membranes ...... 32 3.9.8 Membrane Pressure Vessels ...... 32 3.9.9 Reverse Osmosis Control System ...... 33 3.9.10 Frame/Skid ...... 34 3.9.11 Flow Meter ...... 34 3.9.12 Water Meter ...... 34 3.9.13 Pressure Gauge ...... 34 3.9.14 Automatic Chemical Injection Systems with 100 liter Tanks ...... 34 3.9.15 Feed and Product Water Tank ...... 35 3.10 ROAD NETWORK ...... 37 3.11 CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY ...... 37 3.12 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 37 3.13 PROJECT COST AND CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ...... 37 3.14 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ...... 38 4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 42 4.1 NO PROJECT OPTION ...... 42 4.2 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE ...... 42 4.3 SITE ALTERNATIVE ...... 43 4.3.1 Availability of Land ...... 43 4.3.2 Availability of Water ...... 44 4.3.3 Number of Users in the Area ...... 44 4.3.4 Access to WTP ...... 44 4.3.5 Environmental Issues ...... 44 4.3.6 Social Issues...... 44 5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS ...... 45 5.1 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...... 45 5.1.1 Review of Previous Studies ...... 45 5.1.2 Acquisition of Secondary Data ...... 45 5.1.3 Collection of Primary Data ...... 45 5.1.4 Survey Villages ...... 45 5.1.5 Sampling Design ...... 46 5.1.6 Social Surveys ...... 46 5.1.7 Questionnaires ...... 46 5.1.8 Field Enumerators ...... 46 5.1.9 Quality Control and Data Editing ...... 46 5.1.10 Data Analysis ...... 46

Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

5.2 BASELINE CONDITIONS ...... 47 5.2.1 Physical Environment ...... 47 5.2.2 Biological Environment ...... 55 5.2.3 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 55 5.2.4 Religious and Cultural Heritage ...... 61 5.2.5 Environmentally Sensitive Areas ...... 62 6 STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION...... 63 6.1 OBJECTIVES OF CONSULTATION ...... 63 6.2 CONSULTATIVE ASPECT ...... 63 6.3 IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN STAKEHOLDERS ...... 64 6.4 MEETINGS WITH STAKEHOLDERS ...... 64 6.4.1 MAIN CONCERNS ...... 66 6.4.2 REDRESSAL OF THE CONCERNS ...... 67 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 68 7.1 PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE ...... 68 7.2 IMPACTS DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION STAGE ...... 68 7.2.1 Impact of Land Acquisition ...... 69 7.2.2 Impact of Earth-fill Material ...... 69 7.2.3 Topography and Geology ...... 69 7.2.4 Impact of Lying of Water Pipelines ...... 69 7.2.5 Impact of Installation of Concrete Batching Plant ...... 70 7.2.6 Impact of Contractor Camps ...... 70 7.2.7 Impact of Dust ...... 70 7.2.8 Impact of Noise ...... 71 7.2.9 Impact of Soil Erosion and Contamination ...... 72 7.2.10 Impact of Solid Waste and Sewerage Generation ...... 73 7.2.11 Impact on Aesthetic/Scenic Quality ...... 74 7.2.12 Impact on Flora ...... 74 7.2.13 Impact on Fauna ...... 74 7.2.14 Impact on Health due to Water borne Diseases ...... 75 7.2.15 Impact of Job Opportunities ...... 75 7.2.16 Impact of Communicable Diseases ...... 75 7.2.17 Occupational Health and Safety ...... 76 7.2.18 Lifestyle and Culture ...... 76 7.2.19 Impact on Graveyard or Archaeological Area ...... 76 7.3 IMPACTS DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE ...... 77 7.3.1 Impact of Water Intake ...... 77

Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

7.3.2 Impact of Energy Consumption ...... 77 7.3.3 Impact of Disposal of Back Wash ...... 77 7.3.4 Impact of Air Emissions ...... 78 7.3.5 Impact of Clean Drinking Water ...... 78 7.3.6 Impact on Infrastructure/Rehabilitation/Restoration ...... 78 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP) ...... 79 8.1 OBJECTIVES OF EMMP ...... 79 8.2 COMPONENTS OF THE EMMP ...... 79 8.3 EXECUTING AGENCY ...... 79 8.4 CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION CONSULTANTS ...... 80 8.5 CONTRACTOR ...... 80 8.6 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS...... 80 8.6.1 Establishment of Project Environmental Management Committee (PEMC) .... 80 8.6.2 Establishment of Project Environmental and Social Management Unit (PESMU)...... 80 8.7 COMPLIANCE MONITORING ...... 81 8.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTION STAGE...... 82 8.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN FOR OPERATIONAL STAGE ...... 82 8.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 82 8.11 COMMUNICATION AND DOCUMENTATION ...... 98 8.11.1 Data Recording and Maintenance ...... 98 8.11.2 Meetings ...... 98 8.11.3 Periodic Reports ...... 98 8.11.4 Photographic Record of the Project Area ...... 99 8.11.5 Social Complaints Register ...... 99 8.12 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING ...... 99 8.13 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING COST ...... 101 9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 104 9.1 CONCLUSION ...... 104 9.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 104

Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: Environment Impact Assessment-NOC Process ...... 14 Table 3.1: Design Capacity for Water Treatment Plant of Tehsil Hasilpur ...... 20 Table 3.2: Machinery Available ...... 37 Table 3.3: Cost of Each Type of Plant ...... 37 Table 5.1: Climate Data of District Bahawalpur (1998) ...... 49 Table 5.2: Field Monitoring & Laboratory Analysis Data of Tehsil Hasilpur ...... 51 Table 5.3: Field Monitoring of Noise Levels ...... 54 Table 5.4: Details of Available Utilities in Study Area ...... 56 Table 5.5: Details of Waterborne Diseases in Study Area ...... 57 Table 5.6: Expenditures on Waterborne Disease ...... 57 Table 5.7: Sources of Drinking Water in the Study area ...... 57 Table 5.8: Load Shedding Duration ...... 58 Table 5.9: Water Quality of Groundwater Resources of Study Area ...... 58 Table 5.10: Level of Satisfaction of Drinking Water ...... 59 Table 5.11: Community Requirement for Type of Drinking Water System ...... 59 Table 5.12: Willingness to Pay for PSSP...... 60 Table 5.13: Source of Non Consumptive Water ...... 60 Table 5.14: Level of Satisfaction on the Quality of Non Consumptive Water ...... 60 Table 5.15: Source of Water for Livestock ...... 61 Table 5.16: Perceptions about Water Quality for Livestock ...... 61 Table 5.17: Sources of Information on Hygiene ...... 61 Table 6.1: List of Consulted Stakeholders ...... 64 Table 7.1: Environmental Impact Matrix for Pre-construction and Construction Phase ...... 68 Table 7.2: Environmental Impact Matrix for Operational Phase ...... 77 Table 8.1: Constitution of Project Environmental Management Committee (PEMC) ...... 80 Table 8.2: Constitution of Project Environmental and Social Management Unit (PESMU) ... 81 Table 8.3: Environmental Mitigation Plan for Construction Stage ...... 83 Table 8.4: Environmental Mitigation Plan for Operational Stage ...... 92 Table 8.5: Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 93 Table 8.6: List of Periodic Reports ...... 99 Table 8.7: Training Program ...... 100 Table 8.8: Overall Estimated Cost of Implementing the EMMP in Tehsil Hasilpur ...... 101 Table 8.9: Environmental Monitoring Cost for Construction Phase (6 Months) ...... 102 Table 8.10: Environmental Monitoring Cost for Operational Phase (2 Years) ...... 103

Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Location Map of District Bahawalpur ...... 3 Figure 2.1: Organizational Structure of EPD Punjab ...... 10 Figure 2.2: Environmental Approval Procedure ...... 16 Figure 3.1: Proposed Locations of Selected Villages for Treatment Plant ...... 18 Figure 3.2: Layout of UF Plant (1000 L/Hr) ...... 23 Figure 3.3: Layout of UF Plant (2000 L/Hr) ...... 24 Figure 3.4: Layout of RO Plant (1000 L/Hr) ...... 25 Figure 3.5: Layout of RO Plant (2000 L/Hr) ...... 26 Figure 3.6: Road Network in Tehsil Hasilpur ...... 36 Figure 3.7: Implementation Schedule (Sheet 01) ...... 39 Figure 3.8: Implementation Schedule (Sheet 02) ...... 40 Figure 3.9: Implementation Schedule (Sheet 03) ...... 41 Figure 5.1: Seismic Zoning Map of Project Area ...... 48 Figure 5.2: Water Sampling in Village 77/F ...... 50 Figure 5.3: Water Sampling in Village 75/F ...... 50 Figure 5.4: Noise Analysis in village 148/M ...... 53 Figure 5.5: Noise Analysis in 75/F ...... 53 Figure 6.1: Public Consultation with community at Village 187/M ...... 65 Figure 6.2: Public Consultation with community at Village 77/F ...... 65

Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEX I- DETAILS OF CONSULTANTS OF JOINT VENTURE...... 107 ANNEX II: SAILENT FEATURES OF PROPOSED SITES ...... 108 ANNEX III: QUESTIONNAIRE SAMPLES ...... 114 ANNEX IV: WATER SAMPLING PERFORMA ...... 125 ANNEX V: WATER QUALITY LABORATORY ANALYSIS REPORT ...... 127 ANNEX VI: SCHEDULE IV APPLICATION FORM (COPY)...... 129 ANNEX VII: LIST OF LOCAL PEOPLE CONSULTED ...... 130 ANNEX VIII: LIST OF OFFICIAL STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED ...... 133 ANNEX IX: CHECKLISTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 134 ANNEX X: TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) ...... 139

Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ABBREVIATIONS

AOI Area of Influence ACE Associated Consulting Engineers C Contractor EA Environmental Assessment ECSP Engineering Consultancy Services Punjab EGC Engineering General Consultants EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP Environmental management and Monitoring Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPD Environmental Protection Department IEE Initial Environmental Examination km Kilometer LAA Land Acquisition Act LGO Local Government Ordinance MW Mega Watt NCS National Conservation Strategy NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations OP Operational Policy OPN Operational Policy Plan PC Project Consultant PCSIR Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protection Council PEPO Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance PESMU Project Environment and Social Management Unit PMD Pakistan Meteorological Department PPE Personal Protective Equipment RO Reverse Osmosis SMEC Snowy Mountain Engineering Consultants UF Ultra Filtration

Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

GLOSSARY

Air Quality Measurement of the pollutants in the air; a description of health iness andsafety of the atmosphere. Agriculture The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products. Archaeological The scientific study of material remains (as fossil relics, artifacts, and monuments) of past human life and activities. Compensation Includes cash payment, deferred payment, a bond, an insurance policy, stipend, payment in kind, rendition of services, grant of privileges and disturbance money, entitlement to special treatment by government and semi government entities, grant of alternative land, grant of import licenses and business, trade and commercial facilities in addition to the rehabilitation and resettlement of an affected person. Consultation Consultation refers to two-way transfer of information or joint discussion between project staff and the affected population. Systematic consultation implies a sustained and rigorous sharing of ideas. Bank experience shows that consultation often yields the best resettlement alternatives, fruitful procedures for continued participation, and independent information on actual conditions for implementation. Coordinates Each of a group of numbers used to indicate the position of a point, line, or plane Contaminate to make impure, pollute Disclosure The action of making new or secret information known Disruption Disturbance or problems which interrupt an event, activity, or process. Environmental Management Attempt to control human impact on and interaction with theenv ironment in order to preserve natural resources Evaluation The making of a judgment about the amount, number, or value of something; assessment. Geology A science that studies rocks, layers of soil, etc., in order to learn about the history of the Earth and its life Ground Water Aquifers currently being used as a source of drinking water or those capable of supplying a public water system. They have a total dissolved solid content of 10,000 milligrams per liter or less, and are not "exempted aquifers." Hazardous Substance or material, which could adversely affect the safety of the public, handlers or carriers during transportation Household People residing under one roof, using the same hearth and operating as a single economic unit. Impact Effect on someone or something Land Acquisition The process whereby a person is compelled by a public agency to cede all or part of the land a person owns or possesses, to the ownership and possession of that agency, for public purpose in return for compensation.

Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Mitigation The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something Occupational Health Maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people, and people to their jobs Participation Participation is conventionally divided into two dimensions: information exchange and decision making, each of which in turn has two component activities. Information exchange conventionally comprises dissemination and consultation. Decision-making comprises collaboration and direct extension of choice to affected individuals, households, or communities. Project Area The area specified by the funding and/or implementing agency according to the Official Gazette Notification and includes the areas within the administrative limits of the Federal or a Provincial Government. Proponent A person who advocates a theory, proposal, or course of action. Physiography The subfield of geography that studies physical patterns and processes of the Earth. Rehabilitation Include all compensatory measures to re-establish; at least lost incomes, livelihoods, living and social systems. It does not include the payment of compensation for required assets. Resettlement Means all measures taken to mitigate any and all adverse impacts, resulting due to execution of a project on the livelihood of the project affected persons, their property, and includes compensation, relocation and rehabilitation. Social Environment It includes the culture that the individual was educated or lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact. Scope The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant Stakeholders Include affected persons and communities, proponents, private and public businesses, NGOs, host communities and EPA. Surface Water The top layer of a body of water. "The surface water of a pond or lake” Topography Details of the surface features of land. It includes the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a particular hunk of earth.

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Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION The Government of the Punjab plans to develop sustainable drinking water supply solutions in the underserved areas (rural, peri-urban areas of the province) with contaminated or brackish water through Punjab Saaf Pani Project. The Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC) is proponent of the Saaf Pani Project. PSPC engaged different consulting firms to accomplish this task. As a result of open bidding process, the Punjab Saaf Pani Project-Package II was awarded to a Joint Venture constituted of: i. Associated Consulting Engineers - ACE (Pvt.) Ltd., as lead firm of the joint venture, ii. SMEC International (Pty) Ltd., iii. Engineering General Consultants - EGC (Pvt.) Ltd., iv. Engineering Consultancy Services of Punjab - ECSP (Pvt.) Ltd. Punjab Saaf Pani Project (Package-II) comprises of four priority districts i.e. Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan, Lodhran and Bahawalnagar. The Project intends to provide new water supply schemes in the areas having population 2,000 in year 2015 and to rehabilitate the non- functional and abandoned water supply schemes. This EIA covers tehsil Hasilpur; the priority tehsil of District Bahawalpur. Twenty-one (21) villages of Tehsil Hasilpur, are selected for provision of safe drinking water facilities based on ground water quality analysis including TDS, Fluoride, Nitrate and Microorganisms which were exceeding the limits as set in WHO guidelines. The Saaf Pani Project for all priority Tehsils involves installation of water treatment plants (Reverse Osmosis/Ultra Filtration) based on Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and chemical analysis of ground water. The additional units for Arsenic, Fluoride, Nitrite and Nitrate may be recommended according to need. Filtered water will be supplied either at source of water treatment plants or will be moved through containers to designated “Sahulat Centers”. Therefore no lying down of water supply lines is involved. According to the PAK-EPA Regulations 2000 for Review of IEE and EIA, the Package-II Punjab Saaf Pani Project falls under category ‘F’ (Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost of Rs. 25 million and above) of Schedule-II Projects, which requires an EIA.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK The Project will comply with all the national environmental legislations in Pakistan. The national environmental legislations in order to obtain the required regulatory clearances are as under:

 The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS), which outlines the country’s primary approach towards encouraging sustainable development, conserving natural resources, and improving efficiency in the use and management of resources.  Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, which empowers the Pak-EPA to delegate powers to the Provincial EPAs, identifies categories of projects to which the IEE/EIA provisions will apply, develop guidelines for conducting IEE and EIAs and procedures for their submission, review and approval, develop environmental emission standards for parameters such as air, water and noise, etc.

iv Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

 The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 2010 specify the maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants in municipal and liquid industrial effluents, maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in gaseous emissions from industrial sources, etc.  The other provincial and departmental applicable laws and regulations include Land Acquisition Act 1894, Forest Act 1927; Pakistan Penal Code 1860, Antiquities Act 1975, Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 and The Punjab Wildlife Protection Act 1974.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Two types of water treatment technologies Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Ultra Filtration (UF) has been selected as Water Treatment facilities by Punjab Saaf Pani Project. Both types of facilities are available in two sizes i.e. 1000 liter/h capacity plant and 2000 liter/h capacity plant. UF & RO both are used for advance treatment of water over conventional methods. UF is used to provide disinfection to sweet water sources. UF will not work alone but in combination with pre-treatments, determined by what contamination need to be removed from water source. RO is used to remove salts from brackish source waters.

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES An analytical overview of the alternatives has been considered for the Punjab Saaf Pani Project. The analysis has been carried out critically so as to justify the need of the Project. The various alternatives, which have been considered during the study, are; i) No project option, ii) Design Alternative and iii)Site Alternative (Availability of Land, Availability of Water, Number of users in the Area, Access to Water Treatment Plants, Environmental Issues and Social Issues).

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS Environmental and social baseline conditions have been identified within the Project Area of Influence; which lies within 1 km boundary of the proposed Saaf Pani Project facilities. The physical, biological and social environments of the Project area are as under: Physical Environment: Topography: District Bahawalpur is geographically divided into the three zones (i) desert area (ii) canal irrigated area; which was a part of the Cholistan and has been irrigated now and (iii) riverine area which at some places is called as Bet. Geology: In District Bahawalpur; the surface of the desert consists of a succession of sand dunes rising at places to a height of 150 meters and covered with the vegetation peculiar to the sandy tract. There is nothing of geological interest in the district which is entirely situated on the alluvium. Sand is found all over the district. Hydrology: The water sources in Tehsil Hasilpur are mainly surface and ground water. The supply of water derives from the Sutlej and Chenab River. There are also small lakes at different places in Cholistan where the rain water remains stored. The people uses this water for drinking, washing, bathing etc. in many villages the cemented ponds or lakes have been constructed which are filled with canal water and this water is supplied to the population of villages.

v Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Ground water samples were collected from 21 villages of Tehsil Hasilpur. Water samples were tested for Physiochemical parameters (Temperature, pH, TDS, EC, Colour, Odour, and Taste). The water quality results of Tehsil Hasilpur reflect a highly raised TDS and EC levels. The water was brackish and not suitable for drinking purposes. Seismology: The Project area lie in seismic Zone 2A which is Low hazard zone corresponding to peak ground acceleration (PGA) values of 0.08 to 0.16 m/sec2. Climate: The climate of District Bahawalpur is hot and dry during summer and moderately cold in winter. The summer season starts in April and continues till October. May, June and July are the hottest months with mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 42ºC and 28ºC respectively. December, January and February are the coldest months. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during this month are 22ºC and 6ºC respectively. Biological Environment: Flora: The more common trees found in Tehsil Hasilpur are Jand (Prosopisspicigera), Karir (Capparisaphylla), Farash (Tamarixarticulata), Pilchi (Tamarixgallion), Bhos (Calliginus polygonic des), Lana (Suds ruiteesa), Lani (Salsolafostida), Khar (Haloxylonrecurum), Jawan (Alhagaica melorum), Ak (Calotropishamiltonit), Lamb (Aristidadepressa), Chimber (Cenchrusclaria) and Caram (Panicusantidotale). Fauna: In Tehsil Hasilpur, wolf is found in Cholistan area. Deer, Black buck (Kala Hiran), Blue bull (Neelgai) are also found in this area. Fox, jackle, hare, wild cat, mole (Neola), squirrel (Gulehri) and wild rats are in abundance. Social Environment: Population: Tehsil Hasilpur has total population of 393,000 (as per projected population for base year 2015) with growth rate of 3.2. Literacy and Educational level: The social survey conducted in the area revealed a very low literacy ratio of the total participating persons of 23%. Language: In Tehsil Hasilpur; Siraiki is the predominant language being spoken by majority of the population followed by Punjabi, Urdu, Pushto and Sindhi etc. Urdu, the national language, is spoken widely while English is spoken by the educated elite. Health Facilities: The survey data reflects that 67% of the community of Tehsil Hasilpur has suffered from water borne diseases. The most common diseases prevailing are dysentery, diarrhea / cholera, Jaundice/Hepatitis, typhoid and kidney diseases respectively. Drinking Water Supply Source: The quality of that water in Project Area is marginal or substandard. The community has also installed motor pumps locally known as “donkey Pumps” on available resources both on hand pump and also on water supply sources. The survey reflects that community has to cover a certain distance for fetching sweet drinking water from the nearby sources i.e. hand pumps installed near canal, water supply schemes near or adjacent the village. The average distance is up to 1.5 km; which is expensive and time consuming.

Quality of Drinking Water: The survey data shows that 30% of water supply scheme beneficiaries have access to the sweet drinking water in Tehsil Hasilpur. Majority of beneficiaries utilize groundwater resource particularly hand pump declared that their drinking water is substandard due to numbers of factor.

vi Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Community Commitments: The survey data reveals that community was generous and more than willing in providing the space for filtration plants. The general trend about the user has also been changed as they are eager to pay the “water fee”. In nutshell, community has realized the importance and advantages of Saaf Pani and that’s why they are ready to contribute their role and share accordingly.

STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION A series of consultation was carried out with stakeholders and general public in Hasilpur Tehsil. In this regard, the rounds of public consultation and social assessment survey were held during Jan-March 2015 with selected persons including Government/ Non-Government Officials, village notables and general community of Project Area. Scoping sessions and informal group discussions were also carried out with local residents and local government representatives regarding the proposed Project. The meetings were held at various locations. The outcome of whole consultation process was very encouraging. The community took a keen interest in the objectives and interventions of the Project and gave their comments accordingly. People were aware of the need to improve the drinking water quality. The local poor people predominantly requested for unskilled and semi-skilled jobs during implementation of the Project. On the basis of the consultations so far, it appears that the Project will have no insurmountable environmental and social impact. The community generally supported the proposed Saaf Pani Project. They have opinion that the Project will not only provide livelihood during construction stage, but also will help to eradicate the burning issue of contaminated water.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Environmental impacts have been identified and mitigation measures are recommended within the Project Area of Influence; which lies within 1 km boundary of the proposed Saaf Pani Project facilities. The major impacts on physical, biological and social environments and their mitigation measures are described as below: Land Resources: It is envisaged that small piece of land varying to 10 to 15 marlas will be required at each Project location of Tehsil Hasilpur for construction of housing units and for erection of water treatment plants and allied facilities. So, a total about 1.9 acres of land will be acquired within the 21 villages of Hasilpur Tehsil. Involuntary Land Acquisition is not involved at any site in Tehsil Hasilpur; as 20 land sites are State owned and remaining 01 locations is donated, hence no compensatory issues are involved. The other impacts of land resources will include soil erosion, soil contamination, solid waste generation, water contamination, air pollution and high noise level, etc. Proper mitigation measures have been considered to minimize these impacts on the land resources.

Ambient air quality and noise Levels: To control the effects on the ambient air quality and noise level, proper tuning of vehicles, sprinkling of water on earthen tracks under use by the Contractor etc. have been proposed. Biological Resources: Establishment of the construction camp and access roads will involve clearing of vegetation and cutting down of 41 number of trees. It is recommended that the Contractor should plant at least three fold of trees lost.

vii Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

No protected forest area or wildlife sanctuary or any other environmentally sensitive site exists within the Project Area of impact, which may be affected by the Project. Social and Cultural Environment: The major social impacts will include communicable diseases, water borne diseases, Job opportunities and security of public as well as workers. To resolve the social conflicts, proper mitigation measures have been proposed.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN A comprehensive environmental management and monitoring plan (EMMP) has been prepared to effectively manage and monitor the environmental and social impacts of the project. The salient features of EMMP are as under:

Environmental Mitigation Plan: To manage the environmental and social impacts of the Project, significant negative impacts and their mitigations have been covered in this section. For the ease to understand and identify the impacts and to implement their mitigations, a mitigation plan has been developed as a ready reference for the proponent and contractor to minimize the negative impacts or to manage activities in such a manner to avoid any adverse negative impact. Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan: Mitigations for physical, biological and socio- economic parameters will be measured to determine compliance with standards established in Environmental Mitigation Plan. The Monitoring Plan will record the inputs provided by various participants in the environmental and social management process (i.e. Client (Executing Agency), Consultant, Contractor, etc.). It will also check whether the prescribed national and provincial guidelines and plans are being followed and that the required mitigation measures and activities are being accomplished in time. The total estimated cost for the implementation of EMMP in Tehsil Hasilpur is calculated about PKR 7,419,000/.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the environmental and social impacts assessment of the proposed Saaf Pani Project, it is concluded that Project will have short term and reversible impacts of moderate to minor magnitude; and these impacts will further be mitigated/minimized by adopting the proposed EMMP. Therefore, implementation of Punjab Saaf Pani Project (PSPP) will definitely lower the outbreak of water-borne diseases and improve the health and hygiene conditions in the area.

viii Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF EIA REPORT The development of any Project brings about changes, both positive and negative, in the environmental and social settings of the Project Area. The intensity and level of change, however, depends upon the nature of the Project and the baseline environmental conditions of the area. For the last four decades, this aspect has gained momentum both at official and public level. Because of this, official regulations and laws have been promulgated for the protection and conservation of the physical, biological and social environment. The law makes it mandatory to carry out Initial Environmental Examinations (IEE) or detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the development Projects depending upon the nature and magnitude of the impacts. Section 12 of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA, 1997) states that “No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the Federal Agency an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or, where the project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and has obtained from the Federal Agency approval in respect thereof.” Later on, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2000 provided the guidelines for categorizing the Projects. According to Schedule II of IEE/EIA regulations states that Water supply schemes and treatment plants with higher cost of Rs.25 million and above will require an EIA. Therefore, this project falls in schedule II and thus an EIA is triggered on this Project. Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC) complies with PEPA, 1997 and Punjab Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act, 2012. Also, this is the policy of PSPC to promote environmentally sound, socially acceptable and commercially viable Safe Drinking Water Supply Projects. Therefore Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is essential part of the Saaf Pani Project.

1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND Pakistan is one of the most water-deficient countries in the world. The situation in Pakistan regarding clean drinking water is also grim, and it is one of the biggest challenges to Pakistan’s survival. Previous studies reveal that around 40-55 million Pakistanis do not have regular access to safe drinking water and around 630 Pakistani children die each day to the waterborne illness of diarrhea1. Most of the urban and rural areas lack adequate water treatment facilities. Moreover, household and industrial waste is simply dumped into nearby waterways. This practice has dramatically raised the level of pollution in both groundwater and river systems, and constitutes a major concern for public health. Hence, safe drinking water is one of Pakistan’s most immediate and compelling problems. Punjab is the largest province of Pakistan with a population of around 100 million. About 60 percent of the population lives in rural areas2. The existing water supply system in these areas is operating on age old practices not commensurate with the present day requirements. The

1Kugelman, Michael. "Introduction." Introduction. Running on Empty: Pakistan's Water Crisis. Ed. Michael Kugelman and Robert M. Hathaway. Washington, D.C: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2009. 5-27. Web. 16 May 2014. 2 Source: National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS)

1 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2 major share of drinking water comes from natural ground and water aquifer. Groundwater has the tendency to become contaminated due to chemicals which seep into the soil and come in contact with the groundwater; also the groundwater is saline in nature. Insufficient access to safe water and sanitation facilities kills and sickens hundreds and thousands of children every day. This leads to insolvency and lesser opportunities for thousands more. The Government of the Punjab plans to develop sustainable drinking water supply solutions in the underserved areas (rural, peri-urban areas of the province) with contaminated or brackish water through Punjab Saaf Pani Project. Punjab Saaf Pani Project intends to provide new water supply schemes in the areas having population 1,000-2,000 in year 2015 and to rehabilitate the non-functional and abandoned water supply schemes. The proposed water supply schemes will cater for the safe drinking water requirement for the population of 4 districts (Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan, Lodhran and Bahawalnagar) up to the year 2025.

1.3 THE PROPONENT The Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC) is proponent of the Saaf Pani Project. The PSPC was incorporated in March, 2014 under Section 42 of the Companies Ordinance 1984, under the special initiative of the Chief Minister of Punjab to develop, design, plan and execute projects for providing safe drinking water solutions, prioritizing underserved areas, especially in rural and peri-urban areas of the province. The Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC) has been established as a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) to conceive, plan, design, execute and manage projects for provision of safe drinking water to the communities living in those areas.

1.4 THE CONSULTANT PSPC engaged different consulting firms to accomplish this task. As a result of open bidding process, the Punjab Saaf Pani Project-Package II was awarded to a Joint Venture constituted of: a. Associated Consulting Engineers - ACE (Pvt.) Ltd., as lead firm of the joint venture, b. SMEC International (Pty) Ltd., c. Engineering General Consultants - EGC (Pvt.) Ltd., d. Engineering Consultancy Services of Punjab - ECSP (Pvt.) Ltd. In Phase-I of the Project, three packages of 4-5 districts each in central and southern Punjab will be taken up. The above Joint Venture of Consultants are dealing with the Package-II Saaf Pani Project comprising four priority districts including Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan, Lodhran and Bahawalnagar. Details of Consultants is attached as Annex I.

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1.5 PROJECT NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION This EIA covers Tehsil Hasilpur; the priority tehsil of District Bahawalpur. Location of District Bahawalpur for the Punjab Saaf Pani Project is shown in Figure 1.1. This district lies between north east corners of the Punjab province. River Satluj forms the north-western boundary of the district. Twenty One (21) villages of Tehsil Hasilpur are selected for provision of Saaf Pani Facilities based on ground water quality analysis for TDS, Fluoride, Nitrate and Microorganisms which were exceeding the limits as set in WHO guidelines. The names and salient features of proposed sites are attached as Annex II. The Saaf Pani Project for Tehsil Hasilpur involves installation of water treatment plants (RO/UF) based on TDS and chemical analysis of ground water. The additional units for Arsenic, Fluoride, Nitrite and Nitrate may be recommended according to need. Filtered water will be supplied either at sites of water treatment plants or will be moved through containers to designated “Sahulat Centers”. Therefore no lying down of water supply lines is involved.

Figure 1.1: Location Map of District Bahawalpur

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1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of this EIA study are outlined as under;  Collection of detailed baseline data comprising of physical, biological and socio- economic environmental aspects through extensive field surveys, geographical and topographical maps and other relevant literature;  Identification of potential impacts on existing physical, biological and socio-economic environments due to the construction and operational activities at the site;  Devising mitigation measures for the significant adverse impacts during both the construction and operation phases of the proposed Project; and  Develop a detailed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) along with allocation of responsibilities to the concerned persons and authorities.

1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study comprises of Executive Summary following nine chapters as detailed below; Chapter 1, Introduction; gives rationale and overview of the Project, need for Environmental Impact Assessment study, its objectives and finally structure of the report. Chapter 2, Regulatory/Legal Framework; provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation that applies to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to comply with all national/provincial legislation relating to environment in Pakistan, and to obtain all the required regulatory clearances. It also deals with the requirements of international agencies and other international protocols for protection of biodiversity for which Pakistan has firm commitment. Chapter 3, Project Description; gives a rather detailed account of the Project particularly emphasizing those Project components which are of importance in relation with environmental and social aspects. Chapter 4, Analysis of Alternatives; describes the analysis of alternatives, which could be site alternative, design or technology alternatives. Chapter 5, Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions; provides information about the environmental and social settings of the Project Area including geology, climate, flora, fauna, water resources, socioeconomic conditions etc. Chapter 6, Stakeholders and Public Consultations; deals with the outcome of the consultation carried out with the local communities, knowledgeable people, public representatives, etc. It discusses the concern of various types of the people and provides an outline how these have been addressed within the EIA of the Project. Chapter 7, Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures; identifies the potential impacts due to the implementation of Project on the physical, biological and social environment of the Project Area. Chapter 8, Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan; outlines the environmental management plan, identifies the roles and responsibilities to implement EMMP, suggest monitoring frequencies of various parameters and EMMP costs etc.

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Chapter 9, Conclusion and Recommendations; sums up the report and conclusions and recommendations resulting from the study.

1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL TEAM

Following team of experts were engaged to conduct this EIA. Muhammad Jamil Environmental Specialist Ujala Saleem Environmental Specialist Muhammad Azeem Water Quality Engineer Seher Waseem Environmental Engineer Sidra Afzal Environmental Engineer Sameen Khokhar Environmentalist Aftab Ahmed Sociologist

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2 REGULATORY/LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Policy and a legislative framework for protection of the environment have been in place in Pakistan since the late 1970s. For the implementation of the policies and enforcement of legislation, necessary amendments have been made periodically to environmental policy, regulations and guidelines. The requirements of these policies, legislations and guidelines have been duly considered in the preparation of this Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) of the Package-II Punjab Saaf Pani Project. The basic responsibility of policy making and planning with respect to environmental issues in Pakistan is that of the Ministry of Environment (now called the Ministry of Climate Change). The Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) headed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan is the highest inter-ministerial and multi- stakeholders decision making authority in the country.

2.1 NATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK The development of a statutory framework for environmental protection has steadily gained priority in Pakistan since late 1970’s. The Federal Ministry of Environment was established in Pakistan in 1975 as a response to the Stockholm Declaration of 1972. The Ministry was instrumental in the promulgation of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance (PEPO) in 1983. PEPO was the first piece of legislation in Pakistan designed specifically for the protection of the environment. The promulgation of this ordinance was followed in 1984 by the establishment of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA), the primary government institution dealing with environmental issues. Significant work on developing environment policy was carried out in the 1980’s which culminated in the drafting of the National Conservation Strategy (NCS) in 1992. The NCS provides a broad framework for addressing various environmental issues and environmental conservation in the country. The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) was enacted in 1997 repealing the Ordinance of 1983. The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were promulgated on December 28, 1999 after the approval of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC). The IEE/EIA Regulations were promulgated by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (under Section 12, PEPA Act of 1997) in the year 2000. A revised version of NEQS was enforced in 2000 and 2010. The Ministry of Climate Change was created in 2010 to deal with the threats posed by global warming and for environmental protection in the country.

The National Policy Framework encompasses the environmental issues which Pakistan is currently facing, especially pollution of freshwater bodies and coastal waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management, deforestation and degradation of forest cover, loss of biodiversity, desertification, natural calamities and climate change.

2.2 PAKISTAN NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY (NCS) The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was approved by the federal cabinet in March 1992 and as such formulates the principal policy document dealing with environmental conservation issues in the country. The NCS outlines the country’s primary approach towards encouraging sustainable development, conserving natural resources, and improving efficiency in the use and management of natural resources. The NCS has 68 specific programs in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is considered crucial for the preservation of Pakistan’s natural and physical environment. The core areas that are relevant in the context of the proposed project are: pollution prevention and abatement; restoration of rangelands;

6 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2 increasing energy production; conserving biodiversity; supporting forestry and plantation; and preservation of cultural heritage. The principles of the national conservation strategy are to:  Achieve greater public partnership in development and management.  Merge environment and economics in decision making.  Focus on durable improvements in the quality of life. The programmed areas for priority implementation of NCS are:  Maintaining soil in crop lands.  Increasing irrigation efficiency.  Protecting watersheds.  Supporting forestry and plantations.  Restoring range lands and improving livestock.  Protecting water bodies and sustaining fisheries.  Conserving biodiversity.  Increasing energy efficiency.  Developing and deploying renewable resources.  Preventing/abating pollution.  Managing urban wastes.  Supporting institutions for common resources.  Integrating population and environmental programs.  Preserving the cultural heritage.

2.3 PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT (PEPA), 1997 Pakistan Environment Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 is the basic legislative tool empowering the Government of Pakistan to frame regulations for protection of the environment. The Act is applicable to a broad range of issues and extends to air, water, soil, marine and noise pollution, as well as to the handling of hazardous waste. Penalties have been prescribed for those contravening the provisions of the Act. Key features of the law applicable to the Package-II Punjab Saaf Pani Project are:

 Section 11(1) states that “subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations made there under, no person shall discharge or emit or allow the discharge or emission of any effluent, waste, air pollutants or noise pollutants in an amount, concentration or level which is in excess of the National Environmental Quality Standards‘’ The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PAK-EPA), the body mainly responsible for enforcing the PEPA 1997, has published National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS).  Section 12(1) requires that “no proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the federal agency an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or where the Project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and has obtained from the federal agency approval in this respect”.  Section12(2)(b) requires that the federal agency shall review the environment impact assessment report and accord its approval subject to such conditions as it may deem fit to impose, or require that the environmental impact assessment be resubmitted after such modifications as may be stipulated, or reject the Project as built up contrary to environmental objectives. For the Package-II Punjab Saaf Pani Project it is required

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that an EIA report be submitted to the Concerned EPA (EPD Punjab) and approval attained before undertaking any construction activity.  Section 14 states that: “subject to provision of this Act no person shall generate, collect, consign, transport, treat, dispose of, store, handle, or import any hazardous substance except (a) under a license issued by the government agency and in other law for the time being in force, or of any international treaty, convention, protocol, code, standard, agreement or other instrument to which Pakistan is a party”. Enforcement of this clause requires the PAK-EPA to issue regulations regarding licensing procedures and to define the hazardous substance. In order to accomplish effective implementation of the provisions of PEPA 1997, the PAK- EPA was constituted, headed by the Director General, with its head office located in Islamabad. On the same lines, EPAs/EPD has been created in all the four provinces of the country as well as Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK).

2.4 PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (REVIEW OF IEE/EIA) REGULATIONS 2000 The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PAK-EPA), under the process conferred upon it by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA 1997), provides the necessary details on the preparation, submission, and review of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Categorization of Projects for IEE and EIA is one of the main topics of the Regulations. Projects have been classified on the basis of the expected degree and magnitude of environmental impacts and included in different schedules contained in the Regulations. The Projects listed in Schedule-II are generally major projects likely to have adverse environmental effects; they also include Projects in environmentally sensitive areas. The impact of such Projects may be irreversible and could lead to the significant changes in land use and the social, physical and biological environmental parameters. Projects falling under Schedule-I of these regulations require an IEE Report while projects falling under Schedule-II require an EIA for the issuance of NOC by the concerned agency prior to the construction of the Project. According to the PAK-EPA Regulations 2000 for Review of IEE and EIA, the Package-II Punjab Saaf Pani Project falls under category ‘F’ (Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost of Rs. 25 million and above) of Schedule-II Projects, which requires an EIA.

The Regulations stipulate that within ten (10) working days of the IEE or EIA having been submitted, the federal/provincial agency will confirm that the document is complete for the purpose of review. During this time, should the agency require the proponent to submit additional information, it will return the IEE or EIA to the proponent for revision, clearly listing those aspects that need further attention.

2.5 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT The Federal EPA has published a set of environmental guidelines for conducting environmental assessments and the environmental management of different types of development Projects. The guidelines that are applicable to the proposed Package-II Punjab Saaf Pani Project are listed below:

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2.5.1 Guidelines for Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports These guidelines describe the format and content of IEE/EIA reports to be submitted to the Federal and Provincial EPA’s/EPD for obtaining the necessary environmental approval/ No Objection Certificate (NOC). The major topics, which are covered by these guidelines include:

 The Environmental Assessment Report format (e.g. scope, type and category of the project, description of the project, alternatives, site selection and baseline data);  Assessing impacts (identification, analysis and significance);  Mitigation and impact management and preparing an environmental management plan;  Reporting (format, main features, shortcomings, other forms of presentation);  Review and decision making (role, steps, remedial options, checks and balances);  Monitoring and auditing (systematic follow up, effective data management); and  Project Management (inter-disciplinary teams, programming and budgeting)

2.5.2 Guidelines for Public Consultation The Federal EPA provides these guidelines to deal with possible approaches to public consultation and techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all major stakeholders and ensures the incorporation of their concerns in any impact assessment study. These guidelines cover:

 Consultation, involvement and participation of stakeholders  Effective public consultation (planning, stages of EIA where consultation is appropriate)  Facilitation involvement (including the poor, women and NGOs).

2.5.3 Guidelines for Sensitive Areas The guidelines identify officially notified protected areas in Pakistan, including critical ecosystems, archaeological sites, etc., and present checklists for environmental assessment procedures to be carried out inside or near such sites. Environmentally sensitive areas include, among others, archaeological sites, biosphere reserves and natural parks, and wildlife sanctuaries and preserves. The guidelines state that the approach recommended in the EIA document should not extend to areas near such sensitive and critical sites, although the term ‘vicinity’ is not explicitly defined.

2.6 PUNJAB ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2012 After 18thConstitutional Amendment in the Constitution of Pakistan, the Federal Ministry of Environment has been dissolved and subject of environment has been handed over to provinces. EPA Punjab has formulated its own act. The major content of the act is same as of PEPA, 1997. Minor amendments/changes have been made viz.  The Name of Act has been changed into “Punjab Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act, 2012”.  For the words “Federal Government”, wherever occur, the word “Government” shall be substituted;

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 For the words “Federal Agency”, wherever occur, the words “Provincial Agency” shall be substituted; and  For the word “National”, wherever occurs, the word “Punjab” shall be substituted. All the other clauses, sub-clauses, sections and sub-sections are almost same.

2.7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DEPARTMENT PUNJAB The Govt. has also established the Environmental Protection Department (EPD), Punjab, to exercise the powers and perform the functions assigned to it under the provisions of the Act and rules and regulations made accordingly. The organisational structure of the EPA headed by the Secretary Environment is given in Figure 2.1 below;

Figure 2.1: Organizational Structure of EPD Punjab3

The major functions of the Environment Protection Department (EPD) include4:

 Administer and implement the provisions of Environment Protection Department and the rules and regulations made there under;  Prepare and establish the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards with approval of the Council and Enforcement;  Take measures to promote research and development of science and technology which may contribute to the prevention of pollution, protection of the environment and sustainable development;  Identify the needs for, and initiate legislation in various sectors of the environment;  Provide information and guidance to the public on environmental matters;  Specify safeguards for the prevention of accidents and disasters which may cause pollution.

3http://epd.punjab.gov.pk/organogram 4http://epd.punjab.gov.pk/functions

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 Encourage the formation and working of non-government, community and village organisations to prevent and control pollution and promote sustainable development.  Take all necessary measures for protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, and for prevention and control of pollution, and  Promotion of sustainable development.

2.8 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) In order to control environmental pollution, the Government of Pakistan has developed the National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS) for municipal and industrial liquid effluents, industrial gaseous emissions, motor vehicles exhaust and noise. The NEQS were first developed in 1993 and have been amended in 1995, 2000 and 2010. The standards specify the following;

 Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and liquid industrial effluent discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment facilities and the sea.  Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous emission from industrial resources.  Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (2 parameters) in gaseous emission from vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles.

2.9 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, 2005 The National Environment Policy while recognizing the goals and objectives of the National Conservation Strategy, National Environmental Action Plan and other existing environment related national policies, strategies and action plans, provides broad guidelines to the Federal Government, Provincial Governments, Federally Administrated Territories and Local Governments for addressing environmental concerns and ensuring effective management of their environmental resources.

The main objectives of the Policy are:

 Conservation, restoration and efficient management of the environmental resources;  Integration of the environmental considerations in policy making and planning process;  Capacity building of public sector agencies and other stakeholders at all levels for better environmental management;  Meeting international obligations effectively in line with the national aspirations;  Creation of an atmosphere for environmental protection through mass awareness and community involvement.

2.10 NATIONAL FOREST POLICY PAKISTAN, 2001 The goal of this policy is to foster the sustainable development of Renewable Natural Resources (RNR) of Pakistan, through maintenance and rehabilitation of these essential resources and enhancement of sustainable livelihoods of rural masses particularly women, children and other deserving groups. The various components of the policy include the following:  Reducing poverty, powerlessness and unemployment;  Population planning in critical eco-systems;

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 Reducing the impact of socio-economic factors;  Providing substitutes to firewood in the mountain-woods;  Reducing political interferences in Forestry and Wildlife Departments;  Renovating and invigorating the institutions of RNR;  Supporting Local Governments in the sustainable development of their RNR;  Policies for fragile eco-systems;  Riverside forests;  Irrigated plantations;  Preservation of sensitive and unique forests;  Wildlife conservation;  Rangelands and desert eco-systems;  Planting trees and fodder on farmlands;

2.11 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL STATUES RELEVANT TO PACKAGE-II PUNJAB SAAF PANI PROJECT This section outlines the other statutes apart from Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997, which are relevant to the Project.

2.11.1 Land Acquisition Act (LAA), 1894 At present, the only available national legislation relating to land acquisition and compensation is the Land Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1894. The LAA provides for the acquisition of private properties for public purposes, including development projects, in Pakistan. It comprises of fifty-five sections dealing with area notifications, survey, acquisition, compensation, apportionment awards, disputes resolutions, penalties and exemptions. The LAA is, however, limited to a cash compensation policy for the acquisition of land and built-up property, and damage to other assets, such as crops, trees, and infrastructure. The LAA does not consider the rehabilitation and resettlement of disrupted populations and the restoration of their livelihoods. The latest revision/amendments including land acquisition rules and general regulation called standing order No. 28 shall be applicable.

2.11.2 Forest Act, 1927 This Act provides rules and regulations for the protection of forests, control of timber and other forest-produce transit, village forest and social forestry. The Act is being revised as the law was framed for regulating forests all over undivided India before independence in 1947. It was adopted as it is, after the creation of Pakistan and it continues to remain in force till to date.

This act has been comprehensively formed and allocates power to the concerned agency to declare protected and reserved forests through government notification and specifies powers allocated to the forest officers. It also contains the description of power to acquire land and the powers to stop ways and water-courses in reserved forests, dealing of claims relating to shifting of cultivation, power to issue and publish notification to reserve trees, power to make rules for protected forests, power to declare forest no longer reserved, order on rights of pasture or transit forest-produce, record keeping by the forest officer(s), commutation of right to appeal, time limit for resolution of claims and appeals, notification of acts prohibited in such forests (unlawful cutting of trees), awarding penalties on violations etc.

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2.11.3 Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 The Pakistan Penal Code deals with offences where public or private property and/or human lives are affected due to the intentional or accidental misconduct of an individual or body of people. In the context of environment, the Penal Code empowers the local authorities to control noise, noxious emissions and disposal of effluents. The NEQS enforced by the EPAs supersede the application of this legislation on industries and municipalities.

2.11.4 Antiquities Act, 1975 The Antiquities Act relates to the protection, preservation and conservation of archaeological/historical sites and monuments. The Antiquities Act 1975 ensures the production of cultural resources of Pakistan. This act is designed to protect antiquities, from destruction, theft, negligence, unlawful excavation, trade and export. Antiquities have been defined in the act as ancient product of human activity, historical sites, or sites of anthropological or cultural interest; national monuments etc. The law prohibits new construction in the proximity of a protected antiquity and empowers the Government of Pakistan to prohibit excavation in any area which may contain details of archeological significance. The guideline procedure for environmental assessment recommended by Pakistan EPA reacts as follows; “If the proponent or consultant identifies an archeological site that appears to be of importance but the site is not listed they should discuss the site with the relevant conservation authority”. The relevant conservation authority should inform the responsible authority of their assessment of the significance of likely impact of the proposed development early in the process in order for the responsible authority to determine the level of documentation required. The EPA will then be in a position to review the level of reporting required in the light of advice from the archaeology department.

2.11.5 Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001 Environmental protection is devolving subject under Punjab Local Government Ordinance (LGO), 2001. Notwithstanding any specific provisions, every local government may perform functions conferred by or under the Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001 and in performance of such functions may exercise such powers, which are necessary and appropriate. Until different provisions, rules, regulations or bylaws are made, the local governments may exercise such powers as are specified in the Sixth Schedule of Punjab LGO, 2001. Environmental protection is at serial 48 of the Sixth Schedule.

2.11.6 The Punjab Wildlife Protection Act, 1974

This act was enacted on 1st February 1974. The purpose of this act is to provide for the protection, preservation, conservation and management of wildlife in the Province of the Punjab. The act may be called Punjab Wildlife Act 1974 and it extends to the while province of Punjab. This legislation creates a wildlife department and provides the protection to the wildlife.

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2.12 PROCEDURE FOR EIA APPROVAL This section describes the procedures required for obtaining NOCs for EIA from concerned authorities and for working in sensitive and critical areas.

The following general stages have to be followed in the application and approval process for obtaining an “Environmental Approval” for the Punjab Saaf Pani Project. a) Classification of the Project; b) Submission of EIA; and c) Issuance of NOC. Detailed process for obtaining NOC according to PEPA-1997 is as follows;

2.12.1 Classification of the Project The proposed project requires an EIA in accordance with Schedule-II of PEPA-1997. According to the TOR/Scope of Work of the Package-II Punjab Saaf Pani Project, Consultants are required to prepare the EIA and to assist in obtaining NOC from EPD Punjab.

2.12.2 Submission of EIA Under Section 12 of the PEPA 1997, a project falling under any category specified in Schedule-II, requires the proponent to file an EIA with the Federal EPA or provincial agency for obtaining the NOC. After preparation of EIA report, ten hard copies and two electronic copies need to be submitted to the concerned agencies. In the case of this Project, EPD Punjab based in Lahore will be the main government agency responsible for the issuance of an N.O.C.

2.12.3 Issuance of N.O.C Within ten working days of the filling of the EIA; the concerned agencies will confirm that the document submitted is complete for the purpose of review. During this time, should the concerned agency require the proponent to submit any additional information, it will return the EIA to the proponent for revision, clearly listing those aspects that need further discussion. Subsequently, the concerned agency should make every effort to complete an IEE review within 45 days and an EIA review within 90 days of filing and finally issue conditional NOC having validity of three years. The NOC process for EIA is given in Table 2.1 below;

Table 2.1: Environment Impact Assessment-NOC Process

Name of Authorization: Approval of EIA Purpose (Regulated Activity) Mandatory by National Law PEPA-1997 Project Phase Detailed Design Approving Authority Environment Protection Department Punjab Applicable Legislation Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 Pre-requisites for Application: Pertinent Regulations / Steps  Application form (Annex VI- Policy and procedures for the filing, review and approval of environmental assessments- EA).

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 Notification of submission of EIA by the receiving body.  Form of register entries by receiving body.  Public consultations.  Form of environmental approval (conditional). Note: refer PEPA, 1997 for Annexes Application File Contents  EIA.  Application form (Annex VI- Policy and procedures for the filing, review and approval of environmental assessments).  Submission of the prescribed fee to the provincial treasury account. Application File Preparation Consultants by Applicant Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC) Timeframe Approx. 2 months.

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Various steps encountered in the submission, review and approval of EIA Report under Schedule-I and Schedule-II are shown in Figure 2.2 below;

Figure 2.2: Environmental Approval Procedure

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3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 SIZE, MAGNITUDE AND LOCATION OF THE PROJECT Two types of water treatment technologies Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Ultra Filtration (UF) has been selected as Water Treatment facilities by Punjab Saaf Pani Project. Both types of facilities are available in two sizes i.e. 1000 litre/h capacity plant and 2000 litre/h capacity plant. Details of both types and sizes of WTPs are given in section 3.4. Twenty One (21) villages of Tehsil Hasilpur are selected on the basis of population of the area, existing water quality and safe water requirement of the area. Usually villages with the population greater than 2,000 persons are given priority. Locations of the selected villages for treatment plant installation are shown in Figure 3.1.

3.2 TYPE AND CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT According to the PAK-EPA Regulations 2000 for Review of IEE and EIA, the Package-II Punjab Saaf Pani Project falls under category ‘F’ (Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost of Rs. 25 million and above) of Schedule-II Projects, which requires an EIA.

3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT Objectives of the Project are to provide Safe Drinking Water to the underserved areas and to make it accessible to everyone. Following are the definitions of safe drinking water and access to drinking water.

 Safe Drinking Water is the water with microbial, chemical and physical characteristics that meet WHO guidelines or national standards on drinking water quality.  Access to Drinking Water means that the source is less than one kilometer away from the place of its use and that it is possible to reliably obtain at least 3 liters safe drinking water per member of a household per day.

3.4 LAND ACQUISITION It is envisaged that small piece of land varying to 10 to 15 marlas will be required at each Project location of Tehsil Hasilpur for construction of housing units and for erection of water treatment plants and allied facilities. So, a total about 1.9 acres of land will be acquired within the 21 villages of Hasilpur Tehsil. Involuntary Land Acquisition is not involved at any site in Tehsil Hasilpur; as 20 land sites are State owned and remaining 01 locations is donated, hence no compensatory issues are involved.

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Figure 3.1: Proposed Locations of Selected Villages for Treatment Plant

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3.5 GROUND WATER TABLE Depth of water table in Tehsil Minchinabad is 20-90 ft. Pumping level vary from 50-100 ft. Ground water occurs in abundance in the project area at variable depths from the natural surface level. It can be divided into fresh/sweet water zone and brackish water zone. For sweet water zones, ground water is the source of choice and can be obtained through the installation of tube wells. As number of perennial canals flow in project areas having sufficient discharge, plenty of fresh/sweet water is available at shallow depths and can be used as ground water source for the water supply schemes for the localities located near the canal bank. The ground water available in the brackish zone is not fit for drinking purpose due to impurities dissolved in it in the form of salts and metals termed as total dissolved solids (TDS). The common salts found in the existing ground water source are flouride, Iron, nitrate, Nitrite and Arsenic etc. The ground water with the impurities require treatment before supply to the consumers to save them from the water borne diseases. For the purpose RO and UF treatment plants are used to treat such water depending upon the quantity of salts present in the ground water source. People at present are using groundwater for their daily needs by installing hand pumps and motorized pumps.

3.6 ENERGY SOURCES Photovoltaic powered membrane filtration (PV-membrane) has proven to perform satisfactorily in arid remote areas, where groundwater availability is low and of poor quality, rainfall is scarce and solar radiation is abundant. Electrical grid power has not been a reliable source of electricity for some time in Pakistan due to long hours of load shedding. Therefore for Saaf Pani Project energy from solar panels will serve as the primary source and electrical grid as a secondary source.

3.7 PROJECT COMPONENTS AND SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT RO has been nominated by the Punjab Saaf Pani Project to remove salts from those particular water sources that have TDS > 1000mg/L. UF plant will be used where TDS < 1000 mg/L. However, UF will not work alone but in tandem with pre-treatments determined by what contaminants need to be removed from the source. These contaminants can include arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, Iron or nitrite. Number of WTP installed in an area is estimated on the basis of population. Type of treatment is selected on the basis of TDS and magnitude of the plant is selected on the basis of water demand. For both treatments facilities, plants of two sizes shall be made available (For details refer Table 3.1) Filtration plants shall be capable to produce 1000 litre/hour and 2000 litre/hour of product or filtered water. As both types of plants will be of different size, size of building for treatment facility will change accordingly. Type A building: 10 Marla Plot For 1000 litre/h capacity plant Type B building: 15 Marla Plot For 2000 litre/h capacity plant

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Table 3.1: Design Capacity for Water Treatment Plant of Tehsil Hasilpur

TDS From Primary Source Chemical Parameters Population Water Demand Total No. of Plants Building Type

Per No of (UF + Proposed No of UF No of RO No of (UF + A - Type B - Type Sr. capita Avg Daily Demand Plant Arsenic + Village Name Iron Capacity Plants Plants Nitrate) Building Building No. Primary Secondary Client Arsenic Fluoride Nitrate Nitrite Demand Type Fluoride) (0.3 2020 (lph) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (10ppb) (1.5 mg/l) (10 mg/l) (0.5 mg/l) mg/l) 1000 2000 1000 2000 1000 2000 1000 2000 1000 2000 lpcd lpd Lph lph lph lph lph lph lph lph lph lph lph

1 Chak 73/F 1387 1125 4100 1.04 1.81 0.02 2.9 0.004 861 3 2,583 323 RO 1000 1 1

2 Chak 65/F 3709 700 2520 2.88 6.55 0.03 3.1 0.004 2,794 3 8,381 1,048 RO 1000 1 1

3 Chak 57/F 1326 1028 2040 BDL 1.75 BDL 2.4 0.005 3,675 3 11,025 1,378 RO 2000 1 1

Chak No 4 3498 1297 3000 0.09 1.26 0.01 2.9 0.005 2,391 3 7,173 897 RO 1000 1 1 075/FATEH

5 Chak 77/Fateh 5227 724 4000 BDL 1.94 2.37 11.8 0.007 1,409 3 4,226 528 RO 1000 1 1

6 Chak 78/F 6391 1090 5519 2.26 3.9 0.10 1.02 0.005 1,800 3 5,399 675 RO 1000 1 1

7 Chak 148/Murad 1705 2710 1750 0.30 1.71 BDL 1.5 0.006 3,768 3 11,303 1,413 RO 2000 1 1

8 Chak 192/Murad 1197 862 1800 0.37 2.38 0.15 4.0 0.004 3,171 3 9,513 1,189 RO 1000 1 1

9 Chak 184/Murad 1886 2160 1420 0.27 3.04 0.10 1.5 0.005 2,851 3 8,553 1,069 RO 1000 1 1

10 Chak 187/Murad 1312 416 1360 0.44 3.84 0.05 3.2 0.006 2,849 3 8,548 1,068 RO 1000 1 1

11 Chak No 017/FORD 2029 871 2080 1.19 8.5 BDL 2.7 0.004 5,200 3 15,600 1,950 RO 2000 1 1

12 Chak No 013/FORD 1298 1196 970 0.63 1.82 0.02 1.7 0.006 5,072 3 15,216 1,902 RO 2000 1 1

13 Chak 188/Murad 359 0 0.84 0.1 0 0 3,869 3 11,606 1,451 UF 2000 1 1

14 Chak 189/Murad 747 0 0.69 0.1 0 0 2,672 3 8,017 1,002 UF 1000 1 1

15 Chak 79/Fateh 1840 5 1.21 0 0 0 1,441 3 4,322 540 RO 1000 1 1

16 Chak 81/F 2260 0 1.71 0 0 1,727 3 5,181 648 RO 1000 1 1

17 Chak 149 Murad 1834 0 1 0 0 0.33 1,481 3 4,443 555 RO 1000 1 1

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TDS From Primary Source Chemical Parameters Population Water Demand Total No. of Plants Building Type

18 Chak 150 Murad 318 0 1.37 0 0 0 1,924 3 5,773 722 UF 1000 1 1

19 Chak 19 Ford 2460 100 3.2 0 0 0.033 2,389 3 7,168 896 RO 1000 1 1

20 Chak 20 Ford 1506 100 1.29 0 0 0.066 3,244 3 9,731 1,216 RO 1000 1 1

21 Chak 161 Murad 359 0 0.84 0.1 0 0 4,277 3 12,830 1,604 UF 2000 1 1

2 2 13 4 0 0 0 0 15 6

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Although equipment vendors in the market will determine the most efficient RO and UF system design configuration, it is anticipated that designs will be similar to that shown in Figure 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5. Each village WTP relies on water from brackish sources will include following components:  Pumping from the brackish water well to a Feed Water Storage Tank.  Automatic treatment of brackish water such that the product water will meet WHO Drinking Water Guidelines.  Environmentally suitable disposal of backwash waters.  Operations will be monitored from central office via PLC/ SCADA via site telemetry.  The village will have access to product water for 8 hours per day. There will be several water treatment plants that will trial operation with Radio Frequency identification Device (RFID) card readers to account per capita water take.  The primary system power source will be photovoltaic (PV, commonly known as solar) with the grid as the secondary source.  A dedicated building will house the facilities (Sahulat Centres)  There will be training components of local personnel for operation and maintenance tasks.

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Figure 3.2: Layout of UF Plant (1000 L/Hr)

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Figure 3.3: Layout of UF Plant (2000 L/Hr)

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Figure 3.4: Layout of RO Plant (1000 L/Hr)

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Figure 3.5: Layout of RO Plant (2000 L/Hr)

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3.8 ULTRA-FILTRATION PLANTS Pretreatment shall be provided for Chemical Reduction Filter(s) for Arsenic, Fluoride, Nitrate, Hardness, Iron and Manganese and for any other contaminant that may not meet the prescribed standards. Pretreatment shall also reduce those contaminants that would adversely affect [i.e. reduce] the life of downstream UF or RO membranes. Type (A) to produce 2,000 L/hr of product water and Type (B) to produce 1,000 L/hr of product water Ultra Filtration (UF) plants (Figure 3.2 and 3.3) shall be installed at non-brackish sites where Total Dissolved Solids are under 1000 mg/L and feed water is contaminated with chemical and biological impurities. These plants shall comprise those processes to produce product water that comply with prescribed standards. These processes can include but not be limited to pre-filtration, arsenic/fluoride/hardness/iron/manganese removal, carbon filtration and Ultrafiltration. An activated carbon filter shall be installed for the removal of taste and odour compounds as well as other organic impurities. More details on these processes are given below:

3.8.1 Plant Operation & Control Plant operation and control shall be automatic & semi-Automatic whereas status of all components will be monitored at local screen (HMI) & at Central Monitoring Station (SCADA).

3.8.2 Design Criteria  These UF plants shall be powered by solar energy as prime energy source and grid energy as secondary energy source.  The design methodology for all UF Filtration Plants shall be rendered to the Engineer for approval.

3.8.3 Pre-filtration/Sand Media This filtration shall be provided for the removal of the suspended solids / colloids which are present in the water. Pre-filtration will also reduce the load on Ultra-filtration and protect the membrane from being damaged, thus increasing the membrane life. The silica sand shall conform to AWWA B100, including acid solubility requirement, except as modified or supplemented herein. The specification shall include the following: - Filter media : Silica Sand - Vessel material : FRP - Suspended solid removal : Below 100 micron - Acid solubility : Less than 5 percent - Specific gravity : 2.60 ≥ 2.65 - Effective size : 0.6 to 1.0 millimeter - Uniformity Coeff. : 1.7 to 2.2 - Particle Distribution : All silica sand shall consist of hard, durable, uncoated grains, shall not contain more than 5 percent of flat particles, shall be thoroughly washed and screened, and

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shall not contain more than a total of 1 percent of clay, loam, dust, and other foreign matter. - Backwash : Automatic, through PLC / Controller

3.8.4 Activated Carbon Filtration The media used in this filter, shall meet the following minimum requirements. - Raw material : coconut shells - Bulk density : 5 g/cm3 - Hardness No. : 80 - Iodine No. : Minimum 1000 - Ash content : 5 % - Surface area : 800 m2/g

3.8.5 Washable Screen Filter The filter shall meet the following minimum requirements: - Material : Stainless Steel - Suspended solid removal : 70 – 100 micron

3.8.6 Cartridge Filters Cartridge filters of 5 µm and 1µm shall be added before the UF unit.

3.8.7 Ultrafiltration Membranes Ultrafiltration consists of a semi-permeable membrane. The purpose of ultrafiltration is to remove all types of micro-organisms. The technical specifications shall meet the following minimum requirements. - UF modules : Scalable in accordance with the site flow rates and water quality characteristics. - Type of membranes: Hollow Fibre multi bore; dead end - Material of membranes: PES or PVDF - These materials must be Independently tested and certified for use in water destined for human consumption, with due consideration to ambient temperature for the particular plant area. - Cleaning system of membranes: Automatic self-cleaning (Auto flush) and back flush automated through PLC / Controller. - Sealing of membranes: Materials independently tested and Certified for use in water destined for human consumption. Membranes and methods used to seal membranes into housings; containers or casings must independently be tested and certified

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together as a system to meet the microbiological requirements. - Pore Size : ≤ 0.02µm - Cleaning frequency : Adjustable by PLC - Cleaning time : Adjustable by PLC - Material of casing : Materials independently tested and Certified for use in water destined for human consumption. - Bacteria removal efficiency: 99.9999% (log 6) - Viruses removal efficiency: 99.99% (log 4)

The Contractor/Bidder must provide the OEM manufacturer design projections, with the following documents: 1. Authorization Certificates from all the OEM manufacturers of critical components (Membranes, Pumps); 2. Design Projections; 3. Certificate of microbiological removal efficiency (Log 4 for viruses and Log 6 for Bacteria); and a 4. Comprehensive Data sheet.

3.8.8 FRP Vessels for Sand, Activated Carbon and Chemical Reduction Filtration FRP vessel shall meet the following minimum requirements: - Material : polyester or vinyl ester - Maximum Operating Pressure : 150 psi - Maximum Operating Temperature : 65oC - Certification : NSF

3.8.9 Stainless Steel Skid The Stainless Steel Skid shall meet but not limited to the following specification: - Stainless Steel Grade : TP304 - Minimum Size : 4’x4’x4.5’ (if different, size to be quoted.)

3.8.10 Chemical Reduction Filters This filter(s) shall be installed to treat the chemical contamination found in the feed water. It is observed that feed water may be contaminated with any of the following chemical pollutants:  Arsenic  Fluoride  Nitrate  Hardness  Iron  Manganese.

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3.8.11 Arsenic Filters Arsenic removal filter shall be installed with the main plant conforming to the following requirement. - Filter Vessel : FRP - Filter media : Granular Ferric Hydroxide, (compliant with BS EN 15029:2012 for drinking water treatment) - Time-clock control programme: PLC system

3.8.12 Fluoride Removal Filter The fluoride shall be removed from the water by Activated Alumina or other to meet the product water quality. This shall be used as adsorbent for the removal and shall meet the following minimum requirement. - Time-clock control programme : PLC system

3.8.13 Nitrate Removal Filter If the feed water contains nitrate and the total dissolved solids are less than 1000 mg/litre, nitrate shall be removed through ion-exchange process. For this purpose strong base anionic resins shall be used, with the following minimum design parameters. - Feed water loading rate : < 300 L/ minute. m3 - Depth of resin bed : > 0.6 m - Time-clock control programme : - PLC system

3.8.14 Hardness Reduction Filter The hardness from the water shall be removed through ion-exchange process, which shall meet the following minimum requirement. The process comprise of the following: - Ion exchange media : Sulphonated polystyrene beads - Recharging of saturated : through Chemical - Time-clock control programme: PLC system

3.8.15 Iron and Manganese Excess iron and manganese shall be removed by the most appropriate and efficient methods.

3.9 REVERSE OSMOSIS PLANTS Type (C) to produce 2,000 L/hr of product water and Type (D) to produce 1,000 L/hr of product water Reverse Osmosis (RO) plants shall be installed at brackish sites where Total Dissolved Solids are above 1,000 mg/L. This plant shall comprise Pre-filtration, Carbon Filter, Reverse Osmosis system, Ultrafiltration blending module (for remineralization) and chemical treatment. In addition, activated carbon filter shall be installed for the removal of taste and odour producing organics including excess chlorine if present in the water. The plant shall meet but not be limited to the following requirement:

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3.9.1 Plant Operation & Control Plant operation and control shall be automatic & semi-Automatic whereas status of all components will be monitored at local screen (HMI) & at Central Monitoring Station (SCADA).

3.9.2 Design Criteria The criteria used for the design of RO plants shall be as follows:  This type of Reverse Osmosis (RO) plants shall be powered by solar energy as prime energy source and grid energy as secondary energy source.  The design methodology for all RO Filtration Plants shall be rendered to the Engineer for approval.  RO design must be based on feed water with total dissolved solids (TDS) for brackish waters. An allowance should be made (a 50% safety factor) for an increase in TDS in the source water as it is harvested. The rejected brine from the plant and drainage water shall be disposed into an injection well, the design of which will be determined as per specific site conditions.  Remineralisation of RO product water may be carried out by blending an appropriate fraction of pretreated raw water to bring up the TDS to an acceptable level for human consumption.  The RO plant shall be installed with minimum of 55% recovery of permeate. The vendor must submit the projection / simulation based on complete feed water analysis before installation of Plant. The following membrane manufacture software projections are acceptable.

Sr. No. Manufacturer Simulation Software 1 Dow Filmtech (USA) ROSA 2 Axeonwater (USA) ROSA 3 Hydraunatics (Japan) IMS Design 4 GE Osmonics(USA) GE Osmonics 5 KOCH (EU) KMS Pro 6 Toyobo (Japan) DESALTOP

The Bidder shall take into account the following criteria:  Reduced energy consumption by using Extra Low energy membranes with standard size of 4” x 40”.  Reduced chemical usage  Increased life span of critical replacements such as membranes and filter parts  Small foot print area.

3.9.3 Equipment The RO system at designated sites shall consist of pretreatment, chemical addition systems (if required), cartridge filtration, RO membranes with pressure vessels, complete with membrane feed pump, UF treated water blending / mixing arrangement, interconnecting piping, valves controls and instrumentation.

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The Contractor shall furnish all labour, materials, equipment and incidentals necessary to fabricate, ship to the site, install, startup, performance test, and demonstration test the RO systems as shown on the Drawings and as specified herein. The equipment furnished under this specification shall be made and fabricated from new materials. The use of used or refurbished materials is unacceptable.

3.9.4 Pre-filtration/Pressure Filter As stated under Type (A) Ultrafiltration plant clause 3.4.1 under pre-filtration. Activated Carbon Filtration As stated under Type (A) Ultrafiltration plant clause 3.4.1 under Activated Carbon Filtration. FRP Vessels for Sand and Activated Carbon Filtration As stated under Type (A) Ultrafiltration plant clause 3.4.1.

3.9.5 Reverse Osmosis Section The RO sections of the plant include high pressure pump, cartridge filters membrane housings, Reverse Osmosis membranes and instrumentation. This section shall be manufactured by NSF certified OEM manufacturer as per guidelines of the design projections. Plant shall be shipped completely assembled and tested to Pakistan with all its components assembled at place of manufacture. The pre-treatment and post-treatment arrangements shall be performed by bidder to be tested to ensure compliancy with the main plant.

3.9.6 High Pressure Pump HP multistage solar enabled centrifugal pump and motor shall be of following reputed manufacturers and efficiency above 50%. KSB, Grundfos, ITT, LOWARA, DP, SIEMENS, ABB pumps or equivalent are acceptable.

3.9.7 Reverse Osmosis Membranes Proven and reliable high rejection thin film membrane elements selected to give optimum performance. They shall have an operating range of 3-11pH. High flow fiberglass wrapped for maximum durability. - Membrane Type : Polyamide Thin Film Composite - Membrane element Size : 4” x 40” - Maximum Applied Pressure : 400psi - Nominal Salt rejection : 98.5% - pH range, short term cleaning : 1-13 - pH range, continuous operation : 2-11

3.9.8 Membrane Pressure Vessels Heavy duty reverse osmosis pressure vessel housings shall be made of fiberglass, tested and certified by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the boiler association

32 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2 of the USA as per ASME’s Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC):2013. Enamel coated white. Easy membrane removal, inspection, and installation should be allowed.

- Housing Material : PVC and GTX® material with side port connections - Housing Size : 4” x 40”

3.9.9 Reverse Osmosis Control System The reverse osmosis water filtration plants shall be controlled by a Reverse Osmosis Controller manufactured with US / EU microprocessor chip featuring a 2-line X 20 character, alphanumeric backlit LCD or process mimic to display operating conditions, and provides adjustable time delays and set points to accommodate varying field conditions. Monitoring shall be by the plant SCADA system. The controller shall display the permeate TDS/Conductivity, water temperature, and operating hours along with the operating status of the RO unit. Low and high pressure switches, tank levels, and pretreatment equipment shall be monitored through a controller. Controller shall be providing relay outputs for the RO high pressure pump, inlet solenoid valve, membrane flush solenoid valve, and optional relays for permeate divert or remote alarm and auxiliary output. The treatment plant automation system shall be established with Standard functions of the microprocessor controller for monitoring and/or control of: - RO high pressure pump motor - Inlet solenoid valve - Automatic flush solenoid valve - Low feed pressure switch - High pressure pump switch - RO storage tank level switches - Permeate TDS/Conductivity - Water temperature - Operating hours The microprocessor controlled system shall be used to monitor pressure and level Switches, TDS / Conductivity monitor/controller with programmable Set points must be an integral part of the controller. The controller shall display the system status and sensor and switch input status on an easy to read backlit display. User programmable Set points to be provided for fast and easy adjustment of system parameters. - Power : 415/240 VAC -15+10%, 50Hz, 25Watts - Environment : -22°F to 140°F, 0-95% RH, noncondensing - Enclosure : 8" X 6" X 4" (203mm X 152mm X 102mm) NEMA 4X - Display : 2 line X 20 character, alphanumeric backlit LCD Or Process Mimic Display

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- Front Panel : Overlay with LCD window, alarm lamp, 7 key membrane switch - Switch Inputs, Dry Contact : Pressure fault Pretreat lockout Permeate Storage Tank full Feed Storage Tank empty - Relay Outputs : RO pump relay 240VAC, Inlet valve relay 240VAC, 5A Flush valve relay 240VAC, 5A Relays supply same output voltage as board power (240 VAC) - Regulatory Standards: Reverse Osmosis Controller system shall be new and shall be designed with microprocessor chip manufactured in countries of origin as Europe, USA, only.

3.9.10 Frame/Skid Stainless Steel shall be used for Reverse Osmosis Skid meeting minimum following specification can also be used: - Stainless Steel Grade : TP304 - Minimum Size : 4’x4’x4.5’

3.9.11 Flow Meter A variable area rota-meters shall be installed to measure the flow of feed/permeate water. Flow meter shall be of transparent acrylic material with Stainless Steel float with graduations on them to show proper flow. Flow meter shall be capable of covering the full range of flow.

3.9.12 Water Meter Water meter shall be of multi jet/turbine type with a pulse generator with a maximum frequency of 1pulse/ 10 Liters. Body of water meter shall be of Cast iron with threaded connections and a minimum pressure rating of PN10. Water meter shall have a totalizer installed on it.

3.9.13 Pressure Gauge All installed pressure gauges shall be bourdon spring type with Stainless Steel (SS), 304 casing and a minimum diameter of 2.5". All gauges shall be damping fluid filled having back connection and border for easy fitting on the panel.

3.9.14 Automatic Chemical Injection Systems with 100 liter Tanks For addition of various chemicals like acid, anti-scalant, etc. - Dosing Pumps Qty. : One - Flow Rate : as required - Resistance Pressure : as system requirement - Diaphragm : PTFE-EPDM Composite

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- Enclosure : IP65 (NEMA 4X) - Insulation Class : B - Electric Connections : 230V/50Hz - Material : Suction, Injection Valves, Foot Valve level controller etc.

3.9.15 Feed and Product Water Tank The Polyethylene water storage tank shall meet but not limited to the following specification: - Material : Polyethylene, Anti UV - Material Class : Food Grade - Working Temperature : -20 to 60oC - Capacity : 2000 Litre (minimum two tanks at each plant) - Wall Thickness : Approx. 4.5 to 5.0 mm - Size : Minimum height = 70” - Working Pressure : Approx. 3 psi - Standard : ASTM D1998 – 13

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Figure 3.6: Road Network in Tehsil Hasilpur

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3.10 ROAD NETWORK The Bahawalpur district has metalled road-length of 2,920.42 Kilometers. Main inter-city roads running in the Hasilpur town are;  Jamalpur Qaimpur Road  Bahawalpur Bahawalnagar Road  Talhar Road  Vehari Road  Hasilpur Chistian Road  Dharanwala Hasilpur Road Hasilpur connects to Lodhran, Bahawalnagar Vehari and Rahimyar Khan Districts through National highway/Strategic Road (N-5) and Expressway (E-5) and Railway Network. The main Peshawar-Karachi railway line passes through Bahawalpur District.

3.11 CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY Construction of the building for WTP is not a big task. Following machinery will be enough for each site. Table 3.2: Machinery Available

Sr. Type of Machinery Nos. 3# Grader 1 4 Excavator 1 5 Roller (All type) 1 6 Dumpers/tractor trolley 1 7 Water Bowsers 1 9 Single Cabin 1 10 Mixer Machine 1 Total 7

3.12 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Implementation schedule of Punjab Saaf Pani Project-Package II is attached as Figure 3.7, 3.8 and 3.9.

3.13 PROJECT COST AND CONSTRUCTION PERIOD The construction and installation of treatment facilities will start in the month of April 2015 and end in July 2016. The cost of each type of plant is given below:

Table 3.3: Cost of Each Type of Plant

Cost of Individual Plant Type of Plant (PKR) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plants- Type A 3,060,000 Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plants- Type B 2,129,000 Ultrafiltration (UF) – Type A 1,938,750 Ultrafiltration (UF) – Type B 1,196,500

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3.14 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE The three year operation and maintenance contract of all plants have been awarded to the Contractor and will include full operation and maintenance of the plants for life time period post the satisfactory commissioning and testing of the solar operated plants including O&M training for staff.

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Figure 3.7: Implementation Schedule (Sheet 01)

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Figure 3.8: Implementation Schedule (Sheet 02)

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Figure 3.9: Implementation Schedule (Sheet 03)

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4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

This Chapter deals with the analytical overview of different alternatives that have been considered. The analysis has been carried out critically so as to justify the need of the Project and to select the most feasible alternative. Besides the economic viability; environmental sustainability and social soundness of the proposed Project has also been considered while analysing different alternatives.

4.1 NO PROJECT OPTION Safe drinking water is a basic necessity and right of every human. With decrease of quantity, the quality of water in Pakistan is also deteriorating due to municipal, industrial and agriculture wastes. Bacterial contamination is most common problem related to water quality in Pakistan which leads to water-related diseases. According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 20 to 40 percent beds are occupied in the hospitals of Pakistan by patients suffering from water-borne diseases. Diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery, hepatitis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis and guinea worm infections are about 80 percent (including diseases due to sanitation problem) of all diseases and are responsible for 33 percent of deaths in Pakistan. Fresh water has already become a limited resource and is decreasing day by day due to increased population and climate change. The ground water in Tehsil Hasilpur is generally saline and brackish and is not suitable for drinking purposes apart from areas which lies close to canals and river Sutlej. Majority of the inhabitants have complaints about the poor quality of water which is often found coloured, turbid and bacterial contaminated. In addition, absence of effective monitoring of ground water quality on regular basis makes the situation worse. Lack of access to safe and clean water has led to the spread of waterborne diseases. Particularly, bacteriological and viral diseases has caused high child mortality rate. Common diseases caused by polluted drinking water include diarrheal diseases, cholera, gastroenteritis, dysentery etc. The “No Project” option will result in further worsening of the present situation and increase health risks to residents of Tehsil Hasilpur. If analysed by socio-economic point of view, “No Project” option is not feasible since the residents will be more vulnerable to diseases, they will have to spend a major portion of their earnings on medical treatment. Their earnings will also be reduced due to loss of working hours due to frequent illnesses. A major portion of governmental budget is also spent on health issues raised by water borne diseases. The need of clean and safe water is essential for both health and social well-being of people of Pakistan. Therefore, “No Project” option is not acceptable as it will seriously deteriorate the situation of public health and social welfare of the area.

4.2 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE Ultrafiltration (UF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) has been nominated by the Punjab Saaf Pani Project. UF & RO both are used for treatment of water. UF is used to provide disinfection to sweet water sources. UF will not work alone but in combination with pre- treatments, determined by what contamination need to be removed from water source. RO is used to remove salts from brackish source waters. According to WHO “Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality” palatability of water with Total Dissolve solids (TDS) less than about 600 mg/l is

42 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2 generally considered to be good but increasingly unpalatable at TDS levels greater than about 1000 mg/l. The design of Ultrafiltration Treatment System (UF) and Reverse Osmosis Treatment System (RO) is based on existing raw water quality and desired drinking water quality in Tehsil Hasilpur. RO plant is an effective treatment system for long term successful operation of Brackish Water. It will be provided in the areas where Total Dissolve Solids is greater than 1,000 mg/l (TDS> 1000mg/l). With proper operation and maintenance; RO system can reach a life of up to five years. Another benefit of RO treatment is that there is no need for additional treatment facilities in case of presence of metals. UF system in combination with other treatment facilities will be used in case where Total Dissolve Solids level in groundwater is less than 1,000 mg/l (TDS< 1000 mg/l). UF system is also effective in reducing organics, pathogens and disinfectant by products to desired levels. It also improves odour and taste of the water. Other treatment facilities will be used with UF in case of the presence of metals such as Fluoride, Iron, Manganese, Nitrite and Nitrate. Such metals will be removed by oxidation. In case of presence of Arsenic, chemical treatment (coagulation) will be done. Both UF and RO has compact footprint that would fit into less operating area with simple and practical design for operation and maintenance. Both treatment facilities are effective, sustainable and economically viable. Hence these are best options available. For further details please refer to the “Project Conceptual Design Report”.

4.3 SITE ALTERNATIVE Various sites in each village were assessed before the selection of final Project site. The site selection criteria were based on a number of parameters as indicated below:  Availability of Land  Availability of Water  Number of Users in the Area  Access to WTP  Environmental Issues  Social Issues

4.3.1 Availability of Land The existing land use (agricultural, commercial, industrial, barren, forested and residential) and availability of land bear is important for selection of a site. It is envisaged that small piece of land varying to 10 to 15 marlas will be required at each location for construction of housing unit and for erection of water treatment plants and allied facilities. Priority will be given to conduct Project activities on Government lands. But if it is not available then private land will be acquired by;  Voluntary negotiation with the owners for sale of land  Donation from the land lord owners who would not have any negative impact on their housing and business activities. In case of compulsory acquisition and purchase of land; the affectees will be compensated immediately for their loss of property or land to avoid any complications in future.

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4.3.2 Availability of Water Availability of required flow of water is of utmost importance. It has been considered while analysing alternatives that water source is perennial in case of use of surface water which is very rare. However, ground water will be used mostly as it is available in abandoned.

4.3.3 Number of Users in the Area While selecting site for Water Treatment Plants (WTP), it has been highly taken in to consideration that WTP is installed in the areas with a population of at least 2,000 persons. This way, maximum people can utilize the facility.

4.3.4 Access to WTP Public access to Water Treatment Plant is very important. Availability of approach roads for carriage of construction machinery, construction material etc. is pre-requisite. Each alternative site was therefore ranked according to the availability of access routes for construction and public ease to access clean water. It has been taken into consideration that WTP should be available within a radius of 1 km.

4.3.5 Environmental Issues Due consideration has to be given to the sensitive issues related to the environment, forest, wet lands, wildlife reserves, agricultural land, etc. while assessing the alternative sites for development of the Water Treatment Plants. No environmentally sensitive site is located in the selected project sites.

4.3.6 Social Issues Social issues form an important element in the assessment criteria. Different socially sensitive elements like graveyards, mosques, playgrounds, which can create social issues were given due consideration while selecting the sites for WTP.

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5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS

This chapter gives an overview of the prevailing environmental and social baseline conditions of Tehsil Hasilpur. The information has been compiled from primary and secondary resources. This chapter also refers to the theoretical analysis of the methodology adopted for collection of baseline data. The underlying principles and practices adopted in this regard are also discussed.

5.1 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

5.1.1 Review of Previous Studies Prior to the detailed site investigations, it was important to overview the relevant previous studies. The previous reports/studies that have been reviewed to ascertain their applicability in the prevailing conditions of Project area are:  Inception Report of Punjab Saaf Pani Project  District Census Report of Bahawalpur, 1998  Pre-Investment Study, District Bahawalpur, 2009

5.1.2 Acquisition of Secondary Data The secondary data was collected by visiting various offices. These included PSPC (Executing Agency), Environmental Protection Agency and offices of District/Tehsil Administration, Meteorology, Forest, Agriculture, Wildlife, Revenue, Industries, Health Department and Education Departments of Project area.

5.1.3 Collection of Primary Data The primary data was collected and assessed within the Project area of Impact; which lies within 500 meters boundary of the proposed Saaf Pani Project. The data regarding physical, parameters (topography, geology, seismology, and climate) was obtained by visiting relevant offices. The biological (flora, fauna) parameters were also studied in the Project area. The vegetation of Project area is scarce so it was studied by preparing a floristic list based on visual observation. Information on wildlife fauna species (mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds etc.) in the assessment area was compiled based on opportunistic observation, gathering the existing information and consultation with local experts, community members and government and non-government organizations. The socio-economic aspects were studied and analyzed by conducting village profile and household surveys.

5.1.4 Survey Villages Twenty One (21) villages were selected for Project activity (installation of RO/UF water treatment plants) in Tehsil Hasilpur. The list of these villages is attached as Annex II.

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5.1.5 Sampling Design Social baseline data of the persons residing in the study area has been estimated and collected through sampling at confidence level of 95% and margin of error 5% in the form of pre-developed questionnaires.

5.1.6 Social Surveys The purpose of social survey was to record the present conditions of the people living in the Project area and to assess the expected Project impacts on their life, subsistence systems and socio-cultural conditions. Prior to conducting the field surveys, the following steps were taken: • Geographic boundaries of the Project area were identified • Decided the sampling procedure in order to draw a representative sample size of the target population and households • Developed the tools for data collection i.e. questionnaires for household survey and village profile survey.

5.1.7 Questionnaires In order to test the validity and reliability of the proposed questionnaires, interviewing guides were pre-tested in the area and then the questionnaires were reviewed to assess whether questions needed to be clarified, changed or re-sequenced and then a final editing of questionnaires was conducted prior to their subsequent application in the Project area. The sample of questionnaires used for household and village profile survey is attached as Annex- III.

5.1.8 Field Enumerators Field enumerators were given one day job orientation and training on the objectives of the study and operational definitions of the questions/statements which are included in the questionnaires as well as role playing exercises to enhance their interviewing skills in the field. The role playing exercises provided the field investigators with the ability and confidence to establish a rapport with the respondents in order to minimize the non-sampling error and wrongly asked or recorded questions.

5.1.9 Quality Control and Data Editing The filled-in questionnaires and recorded information was edited by the same field investigators who were involved in the data collection. This was done immediately after completing the field investigations.

5.1.10 Data Analysis Data sets were processed after the editing of socio-economic information. Analysis of this diversified data and preparation of conclusions in the minimum possible time was done using statistical techniques of data analysis.

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5.2 BASELINE CONDITIONS Baseline conditions refer to the existing physical, environmental and socio-economic status of the Project area. The baseline information and indigenous knowledge is required for scoping potential environmental issues associated with the implementation of the Project. On the basis of baseline information, the Project interventions are assessed and mitigation measures are proposed. The baseline information also helps to indicate the specific issues to be monitored during construction and operational phase of the Project. The baseline data (physical, biological and socio-economic parameters) related to the Project area is described below. Information provided is based on primary and secondary data collected by site visits and desk studies respectively.

5.2.1 Physical Environment

5.2.1.1 Topography District Bahawalpur is geographically divided into the three zones (i) desert area (ii) canal irrigated area; which was a part of the Cholistan and has been irrigated now and (iii) riverine area which at some places is called as Bet. The riverine area lies close the river Sutlej which flows in the north along its boundary with Lodhran and Vehari Districts. The area is inundated during floods. The irrigated tracks are higher than the riverine area. Most of the land has been brought under cultivation. The desert area lies to the south and east of the irrigated track and north of the desert of the Bikanir and Jaisalmir in India. It extends along the entire eastern boundary of Bahawalnagar District in the north and Rahimyar Khan District in the South.

5.2.1.2 Geology In District Bahawalpur; the surface of the desert consists of a succession of sand dunes rising at places to a height of 150 meters and covered with the vegetation peculiar to the sandy tract. There is nothing of geological interest in the district which is entirely situated on the alluvium. Sand is found all over the district.

5.2.1.3 Seismicity Geological survey of Pakistan has divided Pakistan into five seismic zones. According to the seismic zone map of Pakistan, the Project Area (District Bahawalpur) lies in Zone 2A of Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan, which is Low hazard zone corresponding to peak ground acceleration (PGA) values of 0.08 to 0.16 m/sec2 i.e. negligible damage zone as given in Figure. 5.1.

47 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Figure 5.1: Seismic Zoning Map of Project Area

5.2.1.4 Land Use Patterns Bahawalpur District covers an area of 24,830 sq. km. approximately two-third of the district (16,000 sq. km) is covered by the Cholistan Desert, which extends into the Thar Desert of India. District Bahawalpur has five tehsils; Bahawalpur, Hasilpur, Khairpur Tamewali, Ahmadpur East and Yazman. The Hasilpur Tehsil (Project area Tehsil) has total population of 393,000 (as per projected population for base year 2015). The land use pattern of Hasilpur Tehsil mainly consists of residential and commercial areas in majority of the central region; while social infrastructure (primary/ middle/ high schools, colleges, hospitals, police stations, railway stations, post offices and banks) is located along main roads5. Open spaces are also frequently seen.

5.2.1.5 Climate The climate of District Bahawalpur is hot and dry during summer and moderately cold in winter. The summer season starts in April and continues till October. May, June and July are the hottest months with mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 42ºC and 28ºC respectively. December, January and February are the coldest months. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during this month are 22ºC and 6ºC respectively. Dust storms are frequent during summer months. The annual precipitation is from 125 to 200 millimetres which usually occur during the monsoon season that is July and August. The average rainfall is 10 to 25 millimetres.

5 Punjab Development Statistics 2008 / Hasilpur District Office.

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Table 5.1: Climate Data of District Bahawalpur (1998)

Mean Temperature (0C) Precipitation Relative Month (millimeters) Humidity (%) Maximum Minimum January 21.6 5.6 6.0 64 February 24.1 8.6 11.5 61 March 29.5 13.8 9.4 58 April 36.1 19.6 7.2 46 May 40.8 24.5 6.1 38 June 42.2 28.4 16.9 45 July 39.5 28.5 52.6 59 August 38.3 27.9 43.2 63 September 37.1 24.8 12.1 62 October 34.8 18.3 0.6 60 November 29.3 11.7 4.0 64 December 23.5 6.6 3.0 67 Annual 33.0 18.1 14.3 57 Source: Regional Meteorological Centre, Bahawalpur

5.2.1.6 Ground and Surface Water Resources The water sources in Tehsil Hasilpur are mainly surface and ground water. The supply of water derives from the Sutlej. Four headworks are also contributing to surface water source. These headworks are the prime surface water source at village level through number of canals, distributaries and minors spreading throughout the project area. Head Islam located in Tehsil Hasilpur. Two canals originated from this head named, Qaim Canal and Bahawal Canal. These canals have 07 Distributaries and 09 minors. Average distance of these distributaries and minor from Hasilpur city is 10.5 km.

5.2.1.7 Air Quality Air quality in the project area is fairly clean. The major source of air pollution is vehicular emissions on the roads, dust arising from construction and other ground or soil disturbances during dry weather and from movement of vehicles on poorly surfaced or katcha access roads. Industries and commercial areas are fairly far away from the Project site. Domestic sources of air pollution, such as emissions from wood and kerosene burning stoves as well as small diesel standby generators in some households, are a minor source of air pollution.

5.2.1.8 Water Quality Ground water samples were collected from 12 villages of Tehsil Hasilpur. Water samples were tested for Physiochemical parameters (Temperature, pH, TDS, EC, Colour, Odour, and Taste). The water quality results reflect that maximum samples of Tehsil Hasilpur had high TDS and EC levels. The water is mostly brackish in taste and not suitable for drinking purposes. The results obtained are detailed in Table 5.2 and Annex V. The water sampling Performa used as logbook for storage of information is attached as Annex-IV.

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Figure 5.2: Water Sampling in Village 77/F Figure 5.3: Water Sampling in Village 75/F

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Table 5.2: Field Monitoring & Laboratory Analysis Data of Tehsil Hasilpur

Source Altitud Sample Sample Sample Sampling Sample Co- Temp. TDS EC Arsenic Fluoride Iron Nitrate Nitrite Sr.# Depth e pH Color Odor Taste Village Location Source Point Identity ordinates (oC) (mg/l) (µs/cm) (μg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (feet) (m) N Near Masjid Hand 29.48787 1 192/M 64 Tap GW-48 141 28.9 7 1197 2396 unobj. unobj. obj. 0.37 2.38 0.15 4 0.004 Chowk Pump E 72.60949 N New Colony, Hand 29.49925 2 187/M House of Mr. 70 Tap GW-49 135 28 6.3 1312 2624 obj. unobj. obj. 0.44 3.84 0.05 3.2 0.006 Pump Khadim Hussain E 72.70242 N Dera Mr. Hand 29.48087 3 184/M 27 Tap GW-50 180 26.4 6.8 1886 4001 unobj. unobj. obj. 0.27 3.04 0.1 1.5 0.005 Rafaqat Ali Pump E 72.70394 N House of Motor 29.58374 4 148/M 45 Pipe GW-51 137 25 6.9 1705 3396 unobj. unobj. obj. 0.3 1.71 BDL 1.5 0.006 Nawab Ahmad Pump E 72.62914 N Dairy Farm Mr. Motor 29.58740 5 73/F 65 Outlet GW-52 142 23.6 7 1387 2694 unobj. unobj. obj. 1.04 1.81 0.02 2.9 0.004 M. Amin Pump E 72.49021 Engro Foods N Procurement Motor 29.57192 6 75/F Center 65 Tap GW-53 150 28 7 3498 7006 unobj. unobj. obj. 0.09 1.26 0.01 2.9 0.005 Pump (Masjid Chowk E near Diggi) 72.49258 N House of Mr. Hand 29.59573 7 77/F 65 Tap GW-54 142 27.2 6.5 5227 10488 obj. unobj. obj. BDL 1.94 2.37 11.8 0.007 Faqir Husain Pump E 72.52025 N Hand 29.57880 8 78/F H.p of Mr. Dildar 65 Tap GW-55 139 28 7 6391 12876 unobj. unobj. obj. 2.26 3.9 0.1 1.02 0.005 Pump E 72.54623 N House of Mr. Motor Pot filled 29.66885 9 65/F Muhammad 60 GW-56 134 29.8 7 3709 7458 unobj. unobj. obj. 2.88 6.55 0.03 3.1 0.004 Pump from Tap Siddique E 72.55318 N House of Mr. Motor 29.70537 10 17/FW 70 Outlet GW-57 134 27.2 7 2029 4315 unobj. unobj. obj. 1.19 8.5 BDL 2.7 0.004 Bashir Ahmad Pump E 72.57898

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N Dera Abdul Hand 29.70625 11 13/FW 50 Tap GW-58 142 27.2 7 1298 2654 unobj. unobj. obj. 0.63 1.82 0.02 1.7 0.006 Karim Pump E 72.66524 N House of Mr. Motor 29.79844 12 57/F 60 Tap GW-59 167 23.2 7 1326 2705 unobj. unobj. obj. BDL 1.75 BDL 2.4 0.005 Mushtaq Ahmad Pump E 72.84416

Standard Value 6.8-8.5 1000 --- unobj. unobj. unobj. 50 1.5 0.3 50 3

Where Obj.=Objectionable Unobj.=Unobjectionable BDL= Below Detection Level

Source: Environmental Baseline Survey, Saaf Pani Consultants

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5.2.1.9 Noise Analysis There are no major sources of noise pollution in the Project Area except the noise generated from routine daily life and some movement of vehicles. There are also the occasional calls to prayer from loud speakers in the local mosques but otherwise there are no significant disturbances to the quiet rural settings. During site visits, noise levels in 21 villages of Tehsil Hasilpur were recorded. The results are tabulated below in Table 5.3. Noise levels at various locations of the Project Area were measured with Digital Sound Level Meter (Microprocessor SL-5826). The specification of the instrument is as follows: Display: 10mm (LCD) Function: General Sound Level Meter Frequency Range: 31.5 Hz~8 kHz Measurement Range: 35~130 dB (A) Resolution: 0.1 dB Detection Characteristics: fast, slow and peak hold Sampling Time: 0.1 second Operating Temperature: -10~50 0C

Figure 5.4: Noise Analysis in village 148/M Figure 5.5: Noise Analysis in 75/F

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Table 5.3: Field Monitoring of Noise Levels

Sr. Reference Avg Time Hours dB1 dB2 dB3 dB4 dB5 dB6 dB7 dB8 dB9 dB 10 No. Point (dBa)

1. 192/M 1355-1400 61.9 54.2 54.5 58.1 52.3 60.5 72.8 69.3 75.7 52.6 61.19

2. 187/M 55.4 59.1 53.8 54.7 50.8 47.4 42.9 46.6 43.1 44.1 49.79

3. 184/M 1600-1605 55.4 52.5 53.6 42.2 46.5 49.1 41.8 48.3 42.6 50.5 48.25

4. 148/M 1735-1740 50.5 45.9 47.4 44.5 42.0 42.7 40.2 39.2 39.9 45.4 43.77

5. 73/F 1850-55 35.1 37.2 36.0 57.1 49.2 35.1 53.2 36.5 49.5 50.1 43.9

6. 75/F 1220-1225 51.1 44.3 41.6 44.2 41.3 43.1 54.2 46.1 39.0 42.1 44.7

7. 77/F 1310-1345 58.7 47.3 40.7 38.8 38.0 38.5 40.2 35.7 35.4 36.4 40.97

8. 78/F 1405-1415 45.4 48.3 53.7 53.8 51.3 45.5 44.2 45.7 46.5 44.6 47.9

9. 65/F 1540-1545 40.3 38.8 36.0 45.7 40.4 44.3 39.2 42.0 36.1 38.6 40.14

10. 14/FW 1710-1715 42.3 46.1 43.9 41.4 40.0 38.5 42.0 41.2 44.0 42.7 42.21

11. 13/FW 1800-1805 45.1 42.3 44.0 44.0 38.5 34.0 48.2 51.1 46.2 44.0 43.74

12. 57/FW 1840-1845 55.4 46.5 42.1 44.5 48.2 49.1 49.1 56.2 34.0 39.0 46.41

Source: Environmental Baseline Survey, Saaf Pani Consultants

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5.2.2 Biological Environment

5.2.2.1 Flora The more common trees found in Tehsil Hasilpur are Jand (Prosopisspicigera), Karir (Capparisaphylla), Farash (Tamarixarticulata), Pilchi (Tamarixgallion), Bhos (Calliginus polygonic des), Lana (Suds ruiteesa), Lani (Salsolafostida), Khar (Haloxylonrecurum), Jawan (Alhagaica melorum), Ak (Calotropishamiltonit), Lamb (Aristidadepressa), Chimber (Cenchrusclaria) and Caram (Panicusantidotale).

5.2.2.2 Fauna In Tehsil Hasilpur, wolf is found in Cholistan area. Deer, Black buck (Kala Hiran), Blue bull (Neelgai) are also found in this area. Fox, jackle, hare, wild cat, mole (Neola), squirrel (Gulehri) and wild rats are in abundance.

5.2.3 Socio-Economic Environment

5.2.3.1 Population Tehsil Hasilpur has total population of 393,000 (as per projected population for base year 2015) with growth rate of 3.2.

5.2.3.2 Literacy and Educational Level The social survey conducted in the Project area revealed a very low literacy ratio. Of the total participating persons only 23% were literate; with the breakdown of Primary 23%, Matriculation 13%, Intermediate 5%, Graduation 2% and Masters 2%; respectively. Moreover, 41% of respondents were Quran literate reflecting the religious tendency of the community. There are number of government and private educational institutions in the study area but the ratio of graduates and post graduates within the tehsil is very low corresponding to the poor level of higher education within the tehsil.

5.2.3.3 Language In Tehsil Hasilpur; Siraiki is the predominant language being spoken by majority of the population followed by Punjabi, Urdu, Pushto and Sindhi etc. Urdu, the national language, is spoken widely while English is spoken by the educated elite.

5.2.3.4 Tribes The principal tribes of the Tehsil Hasilpur are Syed, Qureshi, and Pathans. Rajput/ Jat, gujjar and Arain.

5.2.3.5 Agriculture Major crops of Tehsil Hasilpur are Wheat, sugarcane, Cotton, Rice, Bajra are the major crops in the area. Mango, dates, Falsa, pomegranate is also a major source of income. Citrus, Jamen, dates are major fruit trees in the area.

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5.2.3.6 Electricity Every village of Tehsil Khanpur has been supplied with electricity. Survey findings show that 100% of population has been supplied electricity (Table 5.4).

5.2.3.7 Water Supply Survey findings show that only 13% population has water supply system (piped), which gives clear picture of vulnerable situation of the area regarding water availability (Table 5.4). Community is forced to drink marginal and poor quality water through different available sources.

5.2.3.8 Telephone The survey data depicts that the community has access to mobile phones. Almost every household owns a mobile phone for sake of communication/interaction. According to data, 13% population has access to phone (Table 5.4).

5.2.3.9 Sewerage/Drains Regarding the underground sewerage system; the situation in study area is grim. The data revealed that only 17% population is availing this facility (Table 5.4).

5.2.3.10 Basic Health Units Although the Government has established the Basic Health Units (BHUs) in rural and far flung areas of Punjab but according to the data; only 32% population has access to these health units (Table 5.4). Majority persons have to visit the Tehsil and district Headquarter hospitals for medical facility.

5.2.3.11 Gas Facility The community of Tehsil Hasilpur is deprived of Sui gas supply, so people are forced to use wood and gas cylinders for cooking and heating. In rural areas only wood is used as source of cooking/heating (Table 5.4). Table 5.4: Details of Available Utilities in Study Area

Sr. # Utility Availability (%) 1 Electricity 100 2 Gas 0 3 Water supply 13 4 Telephone 13 5 Sewerage 17 6 BHU 32 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.3.12 Health Facilities The survey data reflects that 67% of the community has suffered from water borne diseases. The most common diseases prevailing are dysentery, diarrhea / cholera, Jaundice/Hepatitis, typhoid and kidney diseases respectively. The given Table 5.5 illustrates the situation

56 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2 regarding water borne diseases and its intensity among the community. The responses obtained were multiple; therefore percentage comes more than 100%. Table 5.5: Details of Waterborne Diseases in Study Area

Community Sr. # Diseases Suffering from Diseases (%) 1 Dysentery 70 2 Diarrhea / cholera 47 3 Jaundice / Hepatitis 32 4 Typhoid 36 5 Kidney disease 30 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants Furthermore, it is also reported that the study area community prefer to visit the Tehsil Headquarter Hospital for their treatment. Regarding the expenses incurred on water borne diseases; the study area community spend large amount on their treatment. The Table 5.6 is representing the assessed data which is clarifying the ground situation. The responses obtained were multiple; therefore percentage comes more than 100%. Table 5.6: Expenditures on Waterborne Disease

Community‘s Average Preference Expenses incur Maximum Minimum Treatment Sr. # towards their on Expenses Expenses Options Treatment treatment/Hous /Household /Household (%) ehold 1 Tehsil Hospital 36 2 District Hospital 2 1,500 2,000/- 1,000/- 3 Basic Health Unit 8.5 5 Any other 5 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.3.13 Drinking Water Supply Source The quality of that water in Project Area is marginal or substandard. The community has also installed motor pumps locally known as “donkey Pumps” on available resources both on hand pump and also on water supply sources. Table 5.7 shows the drinking water sources in Tehsil Hasilpur. Table 5.7: Sources of Drinking Water in the Study area

No. of Sr.# Description Community, Remarks Beneficiaries 1 Govt. Water supply 64 Within Villages 2 Hand Pump 60 Installed within House 3 Motorized pump (both on 23 water supply and hand pump) 4 Other (specify) 4 Hand pump installed nearby canal bank Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

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The survey reflects that community has to cover a certain distance for fetching sweet drinking water from the nearby sources i.e. hand pumps installed near canal, water supply schemes near or adjacent the village. The average distance is up to 1.5 km; which is expensive and time consuming. The average expense incurred for fetching the sweet drinking water is Rs. 500 per household per month. The water is collected mostly by women and girls.

5.2.3.14 Supply Hours Villages having water supply, showed their concerns about the supply hours. They reported that supply hours are limited and are not fulfilling their requirements. They also reported that supply entirely depends on availability of electricity and as we know that the whole country is facing power crisis and long load shedding hours; correspondingly the Hasilpur tehsil face long load shedding hours. The average duration of load shedding in 24 hours is reflected in Table 5.8. Table 5.8: Load Shedding Duration

Load Shedding Duration Name of Availability of Day Time Night Time Tehsil Electricity Total (24 Hrs) (06:00 to 18:00) 18:00 t0 06:00) Hasilpur Yes 6 8 14 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.3.15 Water Table Depth The data regarding the water table depth for installation of hand pumps was acquired. It is revealed that maximum required depth is 270 feet and the minimum depth is 27 feet. It was also reported that in some area, community is obtaining water from the nearby hand pumps installed on the bank of disty / minor / watercourse etc.

5.2.3.16 Quality of Existing Drinking Water (Groundwater) The survey data shows that 30% of water supply scheme beneficiaries have access to the sweet drinking water. Majority of beneficiaries utilize groundwater resource particularly hand pump declared that their drinking water is substandard due to numbers of factor. The given Table 5.9 illustrates the situation. Table 5.9: Water Quality of Groundwater Resources of Study Area

Responses as per Community Sr.# Physical Parameters Insight (%) 1 Taste 1.1 Sweet 30 1.2 Marginal 20 1.3 Brackish 50 2 Color 2.1 Clear 47 2.2 Yellow 40 2.3 Dirty 13 3 Smell 3.1 With Smell 49 3.2 Without Smell 51 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

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5.2.3.17 Satisfaction Level on Existing Drinking Water The satisfaction level over quality of existing drinking water was also inquired from the community and consequently has also been assessed. The results show that 32% of community was satisfied over the quality of water obtained while 68% were not satisfied. The given Table 5.10 shows the satisfaction/ dis-satisfaction level on their drinking resources. Table 5.10: Level of Satisfaction of Drinking Water

Community‘s Responses Sr.# Source (%)

1 Satisfied 32 2 Not Satisfied 68 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.3.18 Community Requirement for Type of Water System The maximum community in all four tehsils showed their interest on water filtration plants, as they had an idea about the benefits of filtration plants. Also the community intends to have water supply facilities inside their area. Some were also of the view that water supply system and water filtration plants should be established in their area simultaneously. The given Table 5.11 depicts the same situation. Table 5.11: Community Requirement for Type of Drinking Water System

Sr.# Type of Water Supply System Peoples Requirement (No.)

1 Water Filtration Plant 51 2 Water Supply Schemes 49 3 Water Filtration Plant + Water Supply Scheme - Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.3.19 Community Commitments The survey data reveals that community was generous and more than willing in providing the space for filtration plants (as shown in Table 5.12). The general trend about the user has also been changed as they are eager to pay the “water fee”. In nutshell, community has realized the importance and advantages of Saaf Pani and that’s why they are ready to contribute their role and share accordingly.

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Table 5.12: Willingness to Pay for PSSP

Community Willingness for providing Space for Filtration Plant/Water Supply Schemes Propriety Land Government Land Communal Land 66% 32% 2% Community Willingness for bearing monthly expense of water filtration plant / water supply schemes Yes No 66% 34% Paying capabilities (range wise) Up to Rs.50 Up to Rs. 100 Up to Rs. 150 52% 45% 3% Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.3.20 Non-Consumptive Use of Water Apart from the basic use of water, community was also inquired about the non-consumptive use of water i.e. bathing, washing and even for toilet. The detail of non-consumptive usage of water according to water source is detailed in Table 5.13 for Tehsil Hasilpur. Table 5.13: Source of Non Consumptive Water

Sr.# Description Responses (No.) 1 Govt. Water supply 66 2 Hand Pumps 60 3 Motorized Pumps 26 4 Others 6 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.3.21 Level of Satisfaction Project area community was asked about their satisfaction level on the quality of non- consumptive water. Maximum respondents (40%) were not satisfied of the water quality, 29% were satisfied while 22% were very contented with the water quality (Table 5.14). Community complained that water was damaging their skin, hairs and nails. Also the quality of fabric deteriorates after being washed with this water. Table 5.14: Level of Satisfaction on the Quality of Non Consumptive Water

Sr.# Description Responses (%) 1 Excellent Level 22 2 Satisfied 29 3 Not satisfied 40 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.3.22 Water for Livestock (Drinking/Bathing) Community was inquired about the sources of water to be used for livestock. It was revealed from the survey data that maximum people are using hand pumps to collect water for livestock. While rest of the community was using motor pumps, Govt. water supplies and Canal channels. The details are also given in Table 5.15 below.

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Table 5.15: Source of Water for Livestock

Sr.# Description Responses (No.) 1 Govt. Water supply 4 2 Hand Pumps 52 3 Motorized Pumps - 4 Canal (Channels) 44 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.3.23 Community Satisfaction over “Water for Livestock” The survey data reflects that 60% of community was satisfied with the quality of water available for livestock; whereas 40% of community was not satisfied. The categories regarding satisfaction level over water for livestock and responses against them are shown in Table 5.16. Table 5.16: Perceptions about Water Quality for Livestock

Sr.# Description Responses (%) 1 Appropriate Water 60 2 Not Appropriate 40 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.3.24 Health and Hygiene Practices The survey data shows that the hygiene is frequently practiced among the community of study area; such as washing hands before and after eating, cooking and toilet. Regarding the question “from where the community get information on hygiene”, various responses were obtained favoring the doctors, teachers, media and NGOs of their areas. The categories and responses against them are shown in percentage in Table 5.17. Table 5.17: Sources of Information on Hygiene

Sr.# Category Responses (No.)

1 Doctor 79 2 Teacher 13 3 Media 11 4 NGO 79 Source: Social Survey-Saaf Pani Consultants

5.2.4 Religious and Cultural Heritage

5.2.4.1 Shrine/Tombs There is no Shrine present in Hasilpur Tehsil. Nawab Muhammad Sadiq Khan IV Palace named as Noor palace can be seen in Bahawalpur. Sadiq Ghar palace is also present which represent the glimpse of Islamic thought in its style of construction. 5.2.4.2 Mosques Jamia mosques in the Tehsil can be seen at different locations. In all these mosques prayers are held. There are 50 more mosque all over the Tehsil.

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5.2.4.3 Recreational Sites No recreational site at tehsil Hasilpur can be seen. A number of forts, villas, palaces, havelis etc. were built in the area. Uch Sharif, Wild Life Park, Fort Drawar, Fort Deen Garah, Lal Sonahra National Park and Lake are the famous places for recreation to public at Hasilpur District. 5.2.5 Environmentally Sensitive Areas There is no environmentally sensitive area (landscape, wildlife or historical value) along or nearby the Project locations.

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6 STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION

The consultation process with various stakeholders of Punjab Saaf Pani Project (PSPP) has been carried out to involve community and other stakeholders at earlier stages. Information dissemination during public consultation is fundamental to successful conclusion of the Project. This chapter describes the objectives and details of the consultative process adopted; its outcome and the conclusions drawn thereafter. Public consultation has been done during the planning and design phases of the Project with Government departments, line agencies, NGOs and affected persons of the Project area; concerns and suggestions thereafter have been taken into account and included where appropriate. The consultative process to date has been effective in addressing the concerns over the Project construction and operational impacts.

6.1 OBJECTIVES OF CONSULTATION Public consultation plays a vital role in studying the effects of any development project on stakeholders and in its successful implementation and execution. It affords an opportunity to exchange knowledge with those who as members of the society are concerned with the Project, immediately or remotely. Referring particularly to a Project related to environmental assessment, involvement of public is all the more essential, as it leads to better and more acceptable decision-making. The objectives of the stakeholder and Public consultation conducted in Project Area were;  To apprise the Project community and stakeholders about Project interventions and potential impacts,  To record the community concerns and recommendations regarding the proposed Project;  To address/incorporate those recommendations in the Project design to the extent possible and;  To share the mitigation measures with the local communities.

6.2 CONSULTATIVE ASPECT The proposed Project involves stakeholders from various segments of the society, who have direct or indirect interest in the developmental activity. The Environment and Social team has endeavored to hold consultative sessions with a number of prominent stakeholders (Project Proponent, Government departments, line agencies, NGOs and affected persons of the Project Area) to evince their views on the proposed Project and their opinions, suggestions, understanding on various issues and concerns. The consultations aimed specifically at:  Dissemination of Project information through discussions, education and liaison.  Eliciting the comments and feedback on the proposed Project.  Documentation of information narrated by the stakeholders.  Documentation of mitigation measures proposed by the stakeholders.  Incorporation of public concerns and their addressal in the EIA/EMMP.

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6.3 IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN STAKEHOLDERS There are two types of stakeholders related to the project i.e. primary and secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders are those which are directly affected by the Project activities and secondary stakeholders are those which are affected indirectly. The proposed Project does not have direct impacts on any individual; therefore, no primary stakeholders are identified. Secondary stakeholders are institutional stakeholders, which includes Project Proponent, local Government representatives, and Government officials of the relevant departments (WASA officials), NGO, general public, local residents, shop keepers, vendors, hospital owners/staff, teachers, pedestrians, and businessmen/traders of the city. Prior to consultation, the stakeholders were informed about the date, venue and time of consultation. The categories of the stakeholders who provided useful feedback, included:  Project Proponent  Government officials  Environmental practitioners and experts  Teachers/students  Shopkeepers  Affected residents of nearby settlements (including women) All those stakeholders have different types of stakes according to their involvements in various aspects of the Project. The consultant tried to contact all the stakeholders and shared their views and concerns and also interacted with the community based organizations that can support the community.

6.4 MEETINGS WITH STAKEHOLDERS A series of consultation was carried out with stakeholders and general public in Tehsil Hasilpur. List of consulted stakeholders is given in Table 6.1. Further list of official stakeholders and local people consulted is attached as Annex- VII and VIII. Table 6.1: List of Consulted Stakeholders

Categories of Official Stakeholders Categories of Local Stakeholders Sr.# Consulted Consulted

1. Environmental Protection Department Local Residents (EPD), Lahore 2. Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC) Vendors

3. Pakistan Council for Scientific and Schools (Staff and Students) Industrial Research (PCSIR), Lahore 4. University of Engineering & Technology Business/ Shop Owners (UET) Lahore. Department of PHE & Environment. 5. Public Health Engineering Department Businessman/ Shop owners (PHED) 6. Tehsil Municipal Administration (TMA) Pedestrians

7. Irrigation Department

8. District Administration Department

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In this regard, the rounds of public consultation and social assessment survey were held during Jan-March 2015 with selected persons including Government/ Non-Government Officials, village notables and general community of Project area. The purpose of this survey was to achieve the objectives of the consultation, highlight the main issues in the implementation of the proposed Project and finally propose mitigation measures. Open and close ended questionnaire was used to collect the views concerning the assessment survey. Scoping sessions and informal group discussions were also carried out with local residents and local government representatives regarding the proposed Project. The outcome of whole consultation process was very encouraging. The following issues were discussed during Informal Meetings with local representatives: i. Brief Description of the Project ii. Current drinking water condition in the village iii. Suggestions for improvement in the current water supply system of the village iv. Perceptions about the proposed Project v. Perceived impacts of the proposed Project

Figure 6.1: Public Consultation with Figure 6.2: Public Consultation with community at Village 187/M community at Village 77/F

The community took a keen interest in the objectives and interventions of the Project and gave their comments accordingly. Generally, people were found to be aware of the need to improve the drinking water quality. Residents of the village were very much supportive to implement the proposed Project and perceived the proposed Project to be helpful in controlling the water borne diseases and enhance the quality of drinking water. The school teachers and other local representatives also showed the positive attitude about the proposed Project and emphasized that the proposed Project should meet the requirement of the village and to fulfill the needs of the growing population. The people also showed their concern about the maintenance of the treatment plants during operation stage. The local poor people predominantly requested for unskilled and semi-skilled jobs during implementation of the Project. On the basis of the consultations so far, it appears that the Project will have no insurmountable environmental and social impact. The community generally supported the proposed Saaf Pani Project. They have opinion that the Project will not only provide livelihood during construction stage, but also will help to eradicate the burning issue of contaminated water.

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6.4.1 MAIN CONCERNS Most of the stakeholders including Project area community and Government officials appreciated the efforts of Punjab Government to initiate the Punjab Saaf Pani Project (PSPP). However, during consultative process, some concerns were shown by the stakeholders as detailed above and summarized below:  Community deprived from the water supply scheme, is forced to bring marginal and sweet water from the nearby water supply schemes and also from the hand pumps which have been installed on sweet water zones i.e. alongside the bank of distributaries, minors, watercourse etc. They also added that their women have to collect water from venue of water treatment plants/Sahulat Centers and it’s socially not acceptable for them.  For fetching the marginal and sweet drinking water from another area, community is forced to bear the extra expenses and also spending their valuable time for this purpose. Consequent upon this, their socio-economic standard is being affected.  The community is forced to drink sub-standard/ brackish water due to the insufficient timing of water supply mainly due to the load shedding of electricity.  Diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis / jaundice and kidney are very common in the community. As per their views, it is because of sub-standard/ poor drinking water.  Despite having the water supply in the main village/ settlement, community of sub- settlements (Deras) are deprived from water supply and is also forced to drink marginal and substandard drinking water.  Due to the Water logging and salinity, the ground water is inadequate for drinking purpose.  In some areas, water schemes have been developed but not become functional so far, so they are also forced to drink inadequate and poor quality water.  Community has the complaint that their water supply scheme water is marginal and substandard quality which is not adequate and suitable for bathing, washing and even for their animal drinking.  Community demanded water filtration plant and water supply simultaneously as they are keen to have both amenities.  The water sources of Project area are deteriorated due to seepage from sewerage lines. According to local community water is usually extracted at depth of 50-55 feet and the quality of water deteriorates with increasing depth.  Community demanded water filtration plant, particularly wherein water supply scheme have already been developed. In this regard, they are ready to provide land in a require-able size, free of cost which reveals their eagerness and consciousness for drinking saaf water as they have known the advantages of Saaf Pani (Clean Water). They have been facing number of financial, social and cultural problems in obtaining the marginal and sweet drinking water from nearby areas.  Community is willing to bear the operational expenses of water filtration plant and even water supply schemes after taking the plant/ scheme from the department/ agency.  People are committed to donate land but they perceive that land offered by Numberdar will be for political mileage as that land is situated on one side of the village that is hardly approachable from other corners of the village.

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6.4.2 REDRESSAL OF THE CONCERNS Effort has been made to address the concerns/issues raised by stakeholders. Following actions are recommended as redressal of the concerns;  Project Proponent and Project supervision Consultants (PC) should make sure that the compensation amounts of acquired land along with affected crops and trees are timely assessed and paid to the affected prior to temporary use of land before starting the civil works; and that skilled and unskilled employment should be preferentially given to the affected person as far as is reasonably practicable.  Locals should be preferred for the job opportunities during construction/operation of the Project.  Punjab Saaf Pani Project (PSPP) has been designed keeping in view the demands and needs of ever increasing population and declining groundwater resources.  Implementation of Punjab Saaf Pani Project (PSPP) will definitely lower the outbreak of diseases and improve the health and hygiene conditions in the area.  For sufficient and calculated demand of water supply; other sources of power generation will also be considered rather than electricity. The most appropriate option being considered for this region (Southern Punjab) is solar power which is sustainable as well as cost effective.  Community was unaware of the significance of water treatment plants, so when they were briefed regarding the advantages of water treatment plants over conventional water supply schemes, they were sufficiently convinced.

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7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

This Chapter identifies the potential impacts due to the implementation of Punjab Saaf Pani Project on the physical, biological and social environment of Tehsil Hasilpur. The chapter also identifies measures that will help mitigate the Project’s adverse environmental effects and enhances positive impacts. Impacts are assessed by analyzing their magnitude and sensitivity. The sensitivity and magnitude of the impact are described with reference to legal requirements, accepted scientific standards or accepted impact assessment practice, and/or social acceptability; where possible. But where no known published ‘standard’ criteria exists for determining the magnitude of effects, established professional criteria and best practice techniques are used.

7.1 PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE Environmental impacts have been identified within the Project Area of Influence; which lies within 1 km boundary of the proposed Saaf Pani Project facilities (described earlier in Section 5-Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions). Therefore the identification of Project impacts and recommendations of mitigation measures will be limited within this area.

7.2 IMPACTS DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION STAGE Two types of buildings A&B will be constructed for installation of water treatment plants in Twenty One (21) villages of Tehsil Hasilpur. Construction activities will involve acquisition of small pieces of land; establishment of contractor’s camps, generation of dust, noise, soil erosion and contamination, waste water and solid waste generation from labour camps. Each impact of construction activities and their mitigation measures accordingly is discussed hereunder. A summary of the assessed environmental and social impacts in pre-construction and construction phase of the Project is given in Table 7.1 below. Table 7.1: Environmental Impact Matrix for Pre-construction and Construction Phase

Impact Magnitude Name Positive Negative No Minor Moderate Land Acquisition √ Earth-fill Material √ √ Scenic Quality √ √ Topography and Geology √ √ Lying of Water Pipelines √ Contractor Camp √ √ Dust √ √ Noise √ √ Soil Erosion √ √ Solid Waste √ √ Waste Water √ √ Flora √ √ Fauna √ √ Agricultural Land √ Communicable Diseases √ √ Employment Opportunities √ √

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Impact Magnitude Name Positive Negative No Minor Moderate Water borne Diseases √ √

7.2.1 Impact of Land Acquisition It is envisaged that small piece of land varying to 10 to 15 marlas will be required at each location for construction of housing units for erection of water treatment plants and allied facilities. So, a total about 1.9 acres of land will be acquired within the 21 villages of Hasilpur Tehsil. Among those Twenty One (21) locations, 20 State Lands are available and remaining 01 locations is privately owned and will be donated by the respective owner. Mitigation Involuntary Land Acquisition is not involved at any site in Tehsil Hasilpur; as 20 land sites are State owned and remaining 01 locations is donated, hence no mitigation in shape of compensation is required.

7.2.2 Impact of Earth-fill Material To raise the plinth level of selected plots to protect them against flooding, soil would be needed to collect from nearby areas for filling. This may result in slope failure and water ponding. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude.

Mitigation A small quantity of earth fill material will be required for raising plots plinth level, so existing sources for earth fill material will be used to minimize the impacts on natural environment of the area. In addition, earth will be leveled after borrow of material to avoid any slope failure and ponding of the area during rain.

7.2.3 Topography and Geology The area required for the construction of water treatment plant is 10 to 15 marlas so minor change in topography will be expected. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude.

Mitigation With the construction of proposed filtration building and by providing the plenty of plantation the topography of the area will be improved. Plantation of trees in the plain areas will be carried out to increase aesthetic value of the area.

7.2.4 Impact of Lying of Water Pipelines The Project involves only installation of water treatment plants (RO/UF) with additional units for Arsenic, Fluoride and Nitrate; and there is no lying of water supply lines involved. As treated water will be supplied either at source of water treatment plants or will be moved through containers to designated “Sahulat Centers”. Mitigation Therefore there is no impact of lying down of water supply pipelines hence no mitigation is required.

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7.2.5 Impact of Installation of Concrete Batching Plant Concrete batching plants may be installed for construction activities at Project area. Batching plants operation (mixing of various construction materials) will be a source of nuisance for surrounding communities. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude.

Mitigation Following steps should be considered while installing the batching plant;  The batching plant must be installed at buffer distance of 500 meters from the settlement.  The batching plant material should be stocked on specified area in compliance with specifications of installation of batching plant.  The batching plant design should meet requirements of zero emissions.  The batching material should not contaminate the land or natural drainage.

7.2.6 Impact of Contractor Camps Contractor camps will be established near the Project site to carry out the Project activities. Though the number of labour and size of camp will not be large, even then this will have an impact on the surrounding environment. The transportation of construction material, fuel, construction plants and daily use items may also create disturbance to the local community. This may be considered as a negative impact of moderate magnitude.

Mitigation The Contractor camp size should be as per standard specifications and should be established at least 500m away from settlements to avoid/minimize the construction impacts. Traffic signs and safety warnings will be installed at Project site to avoid disturbance to local communities. In addition to that the night time deliveries will also be restricted and normal working hours will be observed for such deliveries.

7.2.7 Impact of Dust Air quality is expected to deteriorate locally at active construction sites due to mainly fugitive dust emission and exhaust emission from construction vehicles and equipment’s, which will have short term but moderate impacts on local communities. Construction sites activities may generate soil disturbance in a small area and prone to open space for wind to pick up dust particles. Light construction machinery and vehicles will be used during the construction phase. This construction machinery will generate dust, smoke and other potential pollutants in the air. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude.

Mitigation Dust control measures are important in the Project area; as the area is arid or semiarid, where soil can become extremely dry and vulnerable to transport by high winds. The dust control measures that are implemented at Project site will depend on the topography and land cover of that particular site and its soil characteristics and expected rainfall. The Contractor will be responsible to determine that which practice accommodate their needs according to specific site and weather conditions. The following is a brief list of some control measures;

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 All sections of the access tracks that are prone to dust emission and where sensitive receptors are located within 500m should be identified and marked on the map of the Project Area.  Ensure that the access tracks which are prone to dust emissions and marked on the map should be maintained by water spraying daily.  Regular water sprinkling will be carried out in nearby residential areas during earth fill and construction machinery movement.  Ensure that all equipment, generators and vehicles used during the Project are properly tuned and maintained in good working condition, in order to minimize the exhaust emissions.  Ensure that the concrete mixers meet the requirements of zero emissions.  Ensure that dust emission due to vehicular traffic is minimized by reduced speed; vehicular traffic is minimized through good traffic management and water is sprinkled when required.  Ensure that dust emission at the construction sites is minimized by implementing best management practices.

 Air quality monitoring and analysis for NOx, SOx and PM will be done every month during construction phase.

7.2.8 Impact of Noise

Construction activities may increase noise levels at active construction sites particularly near residential areas. There are residential colonies where number of sensitive receptors may expose to the noise pollution. Noise impact on construction workers/ laborers may be avoided in case of loud noise by provision of adequate Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPEs) like ear muffs, ear plugs, etc. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude.

Mitigation Following measures should be adopted to minimize the noise levels;  Construction activities should be managed to minimize the impacts on nearby community.  Noise barriers (paneled fencing) should be installed where possible to keep the noise levels within permissible limits.  Ensure prohibition of use of vehicle horns anywhere inside the fenced areas or on the access roads is strictly observed.  While replacing equipment, consider purchasing quieter alternatives. New equipment can introduce a noise problem, therefore a noise assessment should be carried out while installing new piece of equipment.  Noise-reducing devices (silencers and baffles) should be used for the construction machinery  Engines should be turned off when they are not in use  Contractor obligation is to use appropriate and fit machinery.  Noise analysis should be done every month during construction phase.

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7.2.9 Impact of Soil Erosion and Contamination Construction activities at Project area will lead to soil erosion. Soil erosion from construction sites can cause pollutants generation and also depletion of the soil quality. Improper handling and storage of construction/ hazardous materials and waste may contaminate the local soil. There are also chances of land contamination due to release/ spill of lubricants, oil, chemicals and toxic materials during the construction period. Erosion may also result from movement of heavy machinery, clearing of vegetation cover and exposure of surface soil. The impact will be short time and localized can be controlled or improved through immediate appropriate actions/measures. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude.

Mitigation Following measures should be adapted to control soil erosion;  Ensure that surface run-off controls are installed and maintained so as to minimize erosion.  Ensure adherence to the speed limit of 40 km/hr on access roads.  Ensure that no contaminated effluent is released in to the environment.  Ensure spills are avoided during fuel and oil transfer operations. Appropriate arrangements, such as concrete base or drip pans, should be used to avoid spills.  Ensure that the maintenance of vehicle and other equipment takes place only in designated areas underlined with concrete slabs and a system to collect runoff in to mud pit.  Ensure fuels, oil and chemical storage is daily checked for leakage.  Ensure that shovels, plastic bags, sand bags and absorbent materials, are kept available near fuel and oil storage areas.  Ensure that operating vehicles are checked regularly for any fuel, oil, or battery fluid leakage.  Ensure that leak /spill record is maintained for each vehicle and such vehicles are operated after proper repair.  Soil contaminated by minor spill (covering an area up to 01 m² and 7.5 mm deep) will be collected and disposed at burn pit.  Ensure that soil contaminated by moderate spills or leaks (up to 200 liters) is controlled using shovels, sand and mud. The contaminated soil if any will be removed from the site and disposed-off at landfill or burn pit as required.  Ensure that vegetation clearing is minimized and no trees are cut down without prior permission of Consultant’s Environmentalist.  Construction shall be scheduled taking into account weather conditions.  Loose soil and side slopes will be planted with grass to retain the upper soil and reduce the rainwater velocity.  Rainy season should be avoided for earth fill as far as practicable.  Heavy machinery movement should be avoided where structure of the soil is expected to be destroyed in agriculture areas of the Project, and  A plantation program for grassing slopes will be launched to stabilize soil structure and to reduce soil erosion.

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7.2.10 Impact of Solid Waste and Sewerage Generation The Contractor camp will generate hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste. Improper disposal of this waste will contaminate land and can sprout numerous diseases. Solid wastes left on open places give rise to obnoxious smells and air pollution and also spoil the aesthetics values of the area. It also spreads the vector diseases. Storage and collection should be arranged in the residential camps, workshops, material storages and all the other solid wastes generating locations. The Contractor camp will produce waste water from kitchens and latrines. Unmanaged disposal of this water will contaminate land and will lead to water borne diseases. Sewerage will also generate from construction camp and may contaminate surface and groundwater, if not disposed of properly. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude.

Mitigation Following steps should be taken into account while disposing solid waste;  Solid waste should be segregated according to its type.  Material suitable for recycling should be stored separately and sold afterwards.  Combustible waste should be burnt at designated burn pit as demarcated by resident Engineer.  Ensue that washing areas are demarcated and water from latrines/ washing areas and kitchen is released in sumps.  Ensure that latrines, septic tanks, and sumps are built at a safe distance from water body, stream, or dry streambed and the bottom of the sump is above the ground water level.  Ensure that septic tanks of appropriate design have been used for sewage treatment and outlets are released into sumps.  Ensure that the outlets released into sumps must not make a pond of stagnant water.  Ensure that sumps are: a) In absorbent soil. b) Down slope and away from the camp. c) Downstream from the camp water source and above the high watermark of nearby water body (if any).  Ensure that effective drainage is in place at the site.  Ensure that the site selected for waste disposal is demarcated by Resident Engineer before start of work.  Ensure that photographs of selected area are taken.  Ensure that all trucks used for the transportation of waste material are airtight and watertight.  Ensure that the movement of waste lifting machinery and vehicles is limited to the working area.  Ensure that waste material is properly disposed-off in a manner that does not affect the natural drainage.  Ensure that the dumping area has been leveled properly after disposal of waste material.

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7.2.11 Impact on Aesthetic/Scenic Quality The lush green crops and trees in field present a good scenic view of Project Area. But the Project construction and operational activities (clearance of trees) may affect aesthetic/scenic quality of the area. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude.

Mitigation Efforts should be made to improve the aesthetics of the project site by plantation around the site.

7.2.12 Impact on Flora The construction of the water treatment buildings may involve cutting and removal of Forty One (41) number of trees and a portion of agricultural land. Although the area required for the water treatment building is very small about 10 to 15 marlas. Establishment of the construction camp and access roads may also involve clearing of vegetation. There are also chances of cutting trees/bushes by the crew for fuel. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude. However, there is no protected or reserved forest in the vicinity of the construction area. Therefore, no effect is envisaged relevant to protected forest.

Mitigation To conserve the flora of Project area, following measures should be taken;  Efforts shall be made to keep cutting of trees and incursions into agricultural crops, as minimum as possible.  Construction vehicles, equipment and machinery will remain confined within their designated areas of movement.  Ensure that during aligning the access roads, minimum vegetation is lost. If any tree is uprooted, ensure that the Contractor has planted at least three fold of trees lost.  Ensure that endangered trees species (if any) are not cut.  Ensure that trees and shrubs are not used as fuel during construction or operation.  After completion of construction phase the vegetation of the area should be restored through plantation.

7.2.13 Impact on Fauna During construction stage noise and movement of construction machinery, might disturb the fauna of the area. The construction activities may disturb the habitats of native animal species of Project area. As there are no endangered species present near the Project area, so there will be no potential impact on the endangered species by the execution of the Project. Exhaust of noxious gases from movement of construction machinery will further pollute the air, which will adversely affect the health and vigor of plants. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude.

Mitigation To conserve the fauna of Project area, following measures should be taken;

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 Natural habitats should be maintained to the maximum extent and undue interference should be avoided during construction phase of the Project.  Endangered species (if any) should be documented and activities should be carried out to reduce negative impacts on endangered species.  Contractor’s staff should be strictly prohibited from buying any wild animals/birds.  Ensure that safe driving practices are observed so that the accidental killing of reptiles or small animals crossing the roads could be avoided.  Ensure that a no-hunting, no trapping, no harassing wildlife policy is strictly observed.  Ensure that the general awareness of the crew is enhanced regarding the wildlife, through environmental training, notice boards etc.  Contractor shall make arrangements to minimize the vibration, noise pollution through good engineering practices.  New and good condition machinery with minimum noise level should be used in construction.  Noisy work should not be carried out in night time so that there should be no disturbance to local birds and animals.

7.2.14 Impact on Health due to Water borne Diseases Construction activities can lead to stagnant water. This may govern water borne diseases. This impact is considered negative of minor magnitude.

Mitigation Following steps should be practiced to avoid the stagnant water during construction activities;  Good design and construction management to avoid stagnant water.  Proper management and disposal of rubbish and wastes from camp site.

7.2.15 Impact of Job Opportunities The Project will open skilled and unskilled job opportunities which the local population can avail. This is considered as a significant positive impact.

Mitigation Ensure that unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled jobs are provided to people from local communities, provided that the persons with required qualifications are available.

7.2.16 Impact of Communicable Diseases Presence of labour from outside at Project site may pose hazard of communicable diseases, which can also spread to the surrounding community. This impact is considered negative of moderate magnitude.

Mitigation Following must be ensured during Project implementation;  Ensure Project staff interaction with local community is minimized.  Ensure that field crew is medically screened before employed on site.

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 Ensure that periodic awareness campaigns for HIV/AIDS are undertaken for the Project staff.  Ensure that guidelines are prepared and implemented to sensitize non-local laborers to local norms and customs in order to minimize cultural tensions  When operating in residential areas, display Project contact details in prominent locations. This will give local residents a point of contact and should allow you to address any nuisance issues that may arise.

7.2.17 Occupational Health and Safety Risks related to occupational health and safety (drinking water contamination, fire hazards, chemical spillages, falls, communicable diseases etc.) for construction workers may arise due to different construction activities and require adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) and emergency procedures. This impact is considered negative of moderate magnitude.

Mitigation Following must be ensured during Project implementation;  Providing basic medical training to specified work staff and basic medical service and supplies to workers;  Work safety measures and good workmanship practices are to be followed by the contractor to ensure no health risks for laborers;  Protection devices (ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines;  Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, cooking and dormitory facilities including lighting up to satisfaction;  Provision of protective clothing for laborers handling hazardous materials, e.g. helmet, adequate footwear for bituminous pavement works, protective goggles, gloves etc.;  Ensure strict use of wearing these protective clothing during work activities;  Availability of safe drinking water for the workers;  Elaboration of a contingency planning in case of major accidents;  Close consultation with local communities to identify optimal solutions for diversions to maintain community integrity & social links;  Provision of proper safety signage at sensitive/ accident-prone spots; and  Setting up speed limits in close consultation with the local stakeholders.

7.2.18 Lifestyle and Culture With the construction of proposed Project and subsequent development of infrastructure in the area, the life style of the community will be improved. This is considered a positive impact.

7.2.19 Impact on Graveyard or Archaeological Area If Graveyard/ Archeological sites are found in the Project area then construction activities (dust, discharge or diversion of water) may damage the Graveyard/ sites. This impact (if recorded) is considered negative of moderate magnitude.

76 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Mitigation If during construction such sites are found then it is a Contractor’s obligation to establish camp at significant distance from such sites. Care should be practiced to avoid diversion of water towards these sites.

7.3 IMPACTS DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE A summary of the assessed environmental and social impacts in operational phase of the Project is given in Table 7.2 below. Table 7.2: Environmental Impact Matrix for Operational Phase

Impact Magnitude Name Positive Negative No Minor Moderate Water Intake √ Energy Consumption √ Disposal of Backwash √ √ Air Emissions √ √ Flora √ Fauna √ Clean Drinking Water √ Aesthetic Quality √ √

7.3.1 Impact of Water Intake Water source for treatment plants will be ground water in Tehsil Hasilpur. The populations of this tehsil use ground water for their daily activities. The ground water is collected through hand pumps and motor pumps for their daily activities. Ground water will not be depleted by using as source intake in treatment plants, because community will use treated water instead of directly using the ground water. The ground water is contaminated by chemical and biological contaminants. Thus treatment of this water by RO and UF plants will lead a positive impact on health of the local community. So there is no negative impact envisaged in using ground water as source intake and no mitigation is required accordingly. This is considered as a significant positive impact.

7.3.2 Impact of Energy Consumption Solar panels will be used for power supply along with the option of supply from local grid station (if required). As the solar energy is renewable energy source so no negative impact is envisaged. This is considered as a significant positive impact.

7.3.3 Impact of Disposal of Back Wash The quantity and composition of the filter backwash water are functions of the process and the efficiency of the treatment units preceding the filter. The backwash generated from the treatment plants may contaminate the receiving body as well as the ground water. This impact is considered negative of moderate magnitude.

Mitigation It is suggested that backwash from treatment plants should be injected deep into aquifer.

77 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

7.3.4 Impact of Air Emissions The air may be polluted due to vehicular emissions and dust producing activities during operational phase. This impact is considered negative of moderate magnitude.

Mitigation

Monitoring of air quality (SOx, NOx and PM) should be carried out effectively during operational phase of the Project.

7.3.5 Impact of Clean Drinking Water Clean drinking water will be available in remote areas of Punjab during operational phase of this Project; where contaminated water was used earlier for drinking purposes. Project Area community will get rid of the water borne diseases with provision of clean drinking water. This is a significant positive impact of this Project.

7.3.6 Impact on Infrastructure/Rehabilitation/Restoration So far it is anticipated that no harm or damage will be done to any infrastructure. In case of any damage to any structure during the construction phase Contractor will be responsible for its rehabilitation and restoration.

Mitigation Restoration and rehabilitation through;  Disposal of debris as per regulatory requirements given in earlier sections.  Treatment and disposal of waste products, solids and liquid in accordance with regulatory requirements given in earlier sections.  Backfilling and closing of all solid waste disposal pits as per regulatory requirements given in earlier sections  Removal of fencing and gates.

78 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP)

The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) is a set of recommendations that manage the impacts of the proposed Project and also delineate the responsibility of various participants involved in construction and operational phases of the Project. The mechanism to ensure the implementation of proposed mitigation measures during construction and operation of Saaf Pani Project for Twenty One (21) villages of Tehsil Hasilpur is discussed in this EMMP (The list of villages is attached as Annex-II). EMMP also includes a set of institutional measures for construction and operational stages of the Project.

8.1 OBJECTIVES OF EMMP The main objectives of the EMMP for Punjab Saaf Pani Project are to:  Facilitate and ensure the implementation of the mitigation measures identified in Section 7 (EIA).  Define roles and responsibilities for the Project proponent, Contractors, Construction Supervision Consultants for implementation.  Provide mechanism for unanticipated environmental situation; and  Identify training requirements at various levels The activities proposed under Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan should be an obligatory part of bidding document and contract agreement with the Contractor.

8.2 COMPONENTS OF THE EMMP The EMMP has the following components;  Organizational Structure- Roles and Responsibilities  Environmental Mitigation Plan  Environmental Monitoring Plan  Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs

8.3 EXECUTING AGENCY The executing agency for implementation of Environmental Management/Monitoring Plan will be Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC). The Regional Director of PSPC will be responsible to manage and monitor all the recommendation measures provided in the subject specific management plans (SSMPs). The responsibility outline as under;  Ensure that Contractor and Supervision Consultants appoint a dedicated Environmental Specialist and allied staff and also ensure that all environmental personnel are authorized to implement the socio-environmental policies and requirements of the EMMP.  Coordinate with EPA-Punjab and other stakeholders on concerned socio- environmental issues.

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 Inspect and monitor impacts of the Project and observe documentation of the impacts during the construction and operational phase.

8.4 CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION CONSULTANTS Construction Supervision Consultants will provide an Environmental Inspector to monitor the environmental performance of the Contractor and will supervise the implementation of EMMP. Consultant will also furnish the periodic reports to PSPC.

8.5 CONTRACTOR The Contractor(s) for execution of construction activities will be responsible for environmental protection through environmental field staff. The Contractor is subject to environmental protection liabilities under Pak-EPA Act 1997, PEPA regulations (2000) and EPA-Punjab provisions and under their contract with PSPC. The Contractor will also be responsible for communicating with and training of crews in all aspects and implementation of the EMMP. This is generally experienced that Contractor is not familiar with environmental issues and obligations and is reluctant to implement EIA/EMMP in full extent. For environmental compliance, it is recommended to include EMMP in the tender documents. Further the payments to Contractor should be linked to environmental performance, measured by execution of the prescribed environmental mitigation measures.

8.6 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS As it is discussed earlier that it will be the responsibility of Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC) as Project Proponent to implement and monitor the mitigation measures proposed in this chapter. The following institutional arrangements will be necessary to implement the EMMP effectively and to deal with other environment related issues.

8.6.1 Establishment of Project Environmental Management Committee (PEMC) It is proposed to establish PEMC as the core environmental body of the Project to take care of Project environmental issues and policy decisions. The constitution of the proposed committee is given in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1: Constitution of Project Environmental Management Committee (PEMC)

Agency Representative Status Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC) Regional Director (Saaf Pani Project) Chairman Head of PESMU Secretary Construction Supervision Consultant Resident Engineer Member Contractor Designated Engineer Member CBO and NGOs Local Representatives of the CBOs Member and selected NGOs

8.6.2 Establishment of Project Environmental and Social Management Unit (PESMU) Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC) must set up PESMU exclusively for the Saaf Pani Project to implement the EMMP and the decisions of PEMC. The composition of the PESMU is given in Table 8.2. The PESMU will also be responsible for compliance with the Pak-EPA Act 1997, PEPA regulations (2000) and EPA-Punjab regulations both during construction and

80 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2 operational phases. The following is the tentative list of the actions to be performed by the PESMU:  Overall supervision, facilitation, and coordination with all partner institutions.  Ensuring that Contractor follow the Pak-EPA Act 1997, PEPA (2000) and EPA-Punjab regulations and other requirements stipulated in the construction contracts concerning dust suppression, solid waste disposal, municipal wastewater disposal, air pollution, noise, biodiversity and safety.  Liaison with the neighboring communities for their concerns about the construction activities. Table 8.2: Constitution of Project Environmental and Social Management Unit (PESMU)

Position Remarks Number Environmental/Social Engineer or scientist having sufficient experience of 1 Expert dealing with environmental and social issues Junior Engineer or Environmentalist having experience of 1 Environmentalist dealing with environmental issues at Project level Junior Sociologist Sociologist having experience of dealing with social 1 issues at Project level Administrative and One Computer Operator, one Admin Officer, one 4 Support Staff Office Boy and one driver

8.7 COMPLIANCE MONITORING Environmental Inspector of the Consultants and PESMU will check the compliance of EMMP by monitoring the activities of the Contractor on daily basis. The objectives of compliance monitoring will be:  Systematically observe the activities undertaken by the Contractor in the civil and mechanical works.  Verify that the activities undertaken are in compliance with the EMMP and regulations of Pak-EPA Act 1997, PEPA (2000) and EPA-Punjab and their sustainability.  Maintain a record of all incidents of the environmental significance and related action and corrective measures.  Document and communicate the observations to the Regional Director-PSPC so the corrective action, if required, can be taken timely.  Develop an environmental issue tracking system for an effective monitoring and ensuring that all environmental concerns are identified and addressed in a timely manner.  Prepare periodic reports of the environmental performance recorded for Proponent, Consultant and Contractor. The Mitigation Measures Implementation plan will be used as a management and monitoring tool for compliance monitoring. Inspection will be done using checklists, samples of which are attached as Annex-IX. The remaining checklist will be developed by the Environmental Inspector of the Construction Supervision Consultants on the basis of Mitigation Plan. The responsibility of compliance monitoring is laid on all organizations such as PESMU, Consultants and the Contractor.

81 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

8.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTION STAGE The identified environmental and social impacts of the Project are mostly related to the construction phase. The recommended mitigation measures for those impacts along with organizational responsibility are given in Table 8.3. These issues generally fall into the following categories:  Pollution of water, soil and air  Noise, nuisance and risks to the community  Management and maintenance of vehicles and creation of traffic awareness in drivers  Maintenance of vehicle routes, speed limits and controlling accidents  Health, safety and environment  Damages to flora and fauna  Conflicts with local community  Employment of local persons on project works

8.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN FOR OPERATIONAL STAGE Most of the mitigations relate to the construction phase of the Project but some will continue during the operational phase and other exclusively relate to operational phase. Mitigation measures for the impacts identified for the operational phase are summarized in Table 8.4 along with responsibilities for suggested tasks.

8.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Mitigations for physical, biological and socio-economic parameters will be measured to determine compliance with standards established in Environmental Mitigation Plan. Monitoring during the construction phase will largely consist of compliance monitoring. Monitoring plan is detailed in Table 8.5 in terms of the following requirements:  Parameters to be monitored  Frequency of measurements. In general, the objectives of the monitoring will be to:  Record the inputs provided by various participants in the environmental and social management process (i.e. Client (Executing Agency), Consultants, Contractors, etc.)  Check whether the prescribed national and provincial guidelines and plans are being followed  Ensure that the required mitigation measures and activities are being accomplished in time  To identify problems or potential problems  To identify solutions to rectify such problems.

82 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2 Table 8.3: Environmental Mitigation Plan for Construction Stage

Implementation Component Description Recommended Mitigation Measure Sr. Responsibility No. PHYSICAL IMPACTS 1. Construction of Housing units will be constructed in 21 villages of The mitigation measures are recommended Housing units for Tehsil Hasilpur. Construction activities will against every impact as under (Sr. No.2 to 15). Water Treatment involve various impacts like dust, noise, soil PEMC, PESMU, Plants erosion and contamination, waste water and solid PC, C waste discharge from labour camps. Each impact of construction activities is discussed separately hereunder. 2. Lying of Water The Project involves only installation of water pipelines treatment plants (RO/UF) with additional units for Arsenic, Fluoride and Nitrate; and there is no lying of water supply lines involved. As filtered water will be supplied at source of water No action is required - treatment plants or treated water will be moved through containers to designated “Sahulat Centers”. Therefore there is no impact of lying down of water supply pipelines. 3. Backwash Pipeline The outlet pipeline for collection of backwash will Construction be part of the waste water treatment unit. So No action is required - construction of backwash pipeline is not involved and no impact will be recorded accordingly. 4. Land Acquisition A total about 1.9 acres of land will be acquired within the 21 villages of Hasilpur Tehsil. In case of non-availability of state/ Government Land Land Acquisition is not done at any site hence no private land will be required. In this Tehsil, out of mitigation is required. - Twenty One (21) locations, 20 State Lands are available and at 01 location donated private land will be acquired. 5. Contractor Camps Contractor camp will be established near the  Ensure that camp size is as per standard Project site to carry out the Project activities. specifications. PEMC, PESMU, Though the number of labour and size of camp  Ensure that Contractor camp is established at C will not be large, even then this will have an least 500m away from settlements to impact on the surrounding environment. avoid/minimize the construction impacts

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Implementation Component Description Recommended Mitigation Measure Sr. Responsibility No. PHYSICAL IMPACTS 6. Installation of Batching plant will be installed at Project area for  Ensure that location of batching plant must be Batching Plant construction activities. Batching plant operation at least 500 meters away from the settlement. will be a source of nuisance for surrounding  Ensure that batching plant material is stocked community. on specified area in compliance with PEMC, PESMU, specifications of installation of batching plant. PC, C  Ensure that the batching plant is installed with zero emissions.  Ensure that the batching material does not contaminate the land or natural drainage. 7. Dust The earthen portions of road/tracks may prone to  All sections of the access tracks that are prone dust emissions due to moving machinery. to dust emission and where sensitive receptor Machinery consisting of bulldozers, dumpers, are located within 500 m should be identified generators and vehicles will be used during the and marked on the map of the project area. construction phase. This construction machinery  Wind breaks or barriers (either natural or will generate lot of dust, smoke and other constructed) should be installed at susceptible potential pollutants in the air. construction sites that reduce wind velocity and reduce the possibility of suspended particles. Wind breaks can be trees or shrubs left in place during site clearing or constructed barriers such as a wind fence or sediment wall.  Ensure that the access tracks which are prone PESMU, PC, C to dust emissions and marked on the map should be maintained by water spraying daily.  Ensure that all equipment, generators and vehicles used during the project are properly tuned and maintained in good working condition, in order to minimize the exhaust emissions.  Ensure that the batching plant design meets requirements of zero emissions.  Ensure that dust emissions due to vehicular traffic are minimized by reduced speed, vehicular traffic minimized through good traffic

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Implementation Component Description Recommended Mitigation Measure Sr. Responsibility No. PHYSICAL IMPACTS management and water sprinkling when required.  Ensure that dust emissions at the construction sites are minimized by implementing best management practices. 8. Noise Noise will be produced from constructional  Construction activities should be prohibited activities. This can disrupt the daily activities of from 9pm to 8am. settlements.  Noise barriers should be installed where possible to keep the noise levels within permissible limits.  Ensure prohibition of use of vehicle horns anywhere inside the fenced areas or on the access roads is strictly observed.  While replacing equipment, consider purchasing quieter alternatives. New PESMU, PC, C equipment can introduce a noise problem, therefore a noise assessment should be carried out while installing new piece of equipment.  Noise-reducing devices (silencers and baffles) should be used for the machinery  Engines should be turned off when they are not in use  Contractor obligation is to use appropriate and fit machinery. 9. Solid Waste The Contractor camp will generate solid waste. Ensure following steps while disposal of solid Generation Improper disposal of solid waste will contaminate waste: land and can sprout numerous diseases. i. Solid waste should be segregated PESMU, PC, C according to its type. ii. Material suitable for recycling should be stored separately and sold afterwards.

85 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Implementation Component Description Recommended Mitigation Measure Sr. Responsibility No. PHYSICAL IMPACTS iii. Combustible waste to be burnt at designated burn pit only as demarcated by Resident Engineer. iv. Non- combustible, non-recyclable garbage sent to the designated landfill site in Project area as demarcated by Resident Engineer. v. Contaminated soil should be sent to burn pit or landfill. vi. Medical waste (if any) should be transported to nearby hospital incineration plant. vii. Solid residue from the septic tanks should be transported to municipal sewage facilities as demarcated by Resident Engineer. 10. Waste Water The Contractor camp will produce waste water.  Ensue that washing areas are demarcated and Discharge Unmanaged disposal of this water will water from washing areas and kitchen is contaminate land and will lead to water borne released in sumps. diseases.  Ensure septic tanks of appropriate design have been used for sewage treatment and outlets are released into sumps.  Ensure that the outlets released into sumps must not make a pond of stagnant water. PESMU, PC, C  Ensure that latrines, septic tanks, and sumps are built at a safe distance from water body, stream, or dry streambed and the bottom of the sump is above the ground water level.  Ensure that sumps are: i. In absorbent soil. ii. Down slope and away from the camp.

86 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Implementation Component Description Recommended Mitigation Measure Sr. Responsibility No. PHYSICAL IMPACTS iii. Downstream from the camp water source and above the high watermark of nearby water body (if any).  Ensure that effective drainage is in place at the site. 11. Construction Waste Project activities will generate construction  Ensure that the site selected for waste material waste. Improper disposal of that waste could disposal is demarked by Resident Engineer create nuisance to the surrounding community. before starting the work.  Ensure that all trucks used for the transportation of waste material are airtight and watertight.  Ensure that photographs of selected area are taken.  Ensure that the movement of waste lifting PESMU, PC, C machinery and vehicles is limited to the work area.  Ensure that waste material is properly disposed-off in a manner that does not affect the natural drainage.  Ensure that the dumping area has been leveled properly after disposal of waste material. 12. Soil Erosion Construction activities will lead to soil erosion.  Ensure that surface run-off controls are Soil erosion from construction sites can cause installed and maintained so as to minimize pollutants generation and also depletion of the erosion. soil quality.  Ensure adherence to the speed limit of 40 PESMU, PC, C km/hr. at the access roads.  Ensure that vegetation clearing is minimized and no trees are felled without prior permission of Consultant’s Environmentalist 13. Land Contamination The construction machinery including cranes,  Ensure that the maintenance of vehicle and trucks, loaders/ dumper and batching plants will other equipment takes place only in designated PESMU, PC, C be used during the construction period. There

87 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Implementation Component Description Recommended Mitigation Measure Sr. Responsibility No. PHYSICAL IMPACTS are chances of land contamination due to release areas underlined with concrete slabs and a / spill of lubricants, oil, chemicals and toxic system to collect runoff in to mud pit. materials.  Ensure that no contaminated effluent is released in to the environment.  Ensure machinery wash and other potentially contaminated effluents are released in mud pit.  Ensure that fuels, oils, and other hazardous substances are handled and stored according to standard safety practices such as secondary containment. Fuel tanks should be labeled according to impervious lining and dykes etc.  Ensure spills are avoided during fuel and oil transfer operations. Appropriate arrangements, such as concrete base or drip pans, should be used to avoid spills.  Ensure fuels, oil and chemical storage are daily checked for leakage.  Ensure that shovels, plastic bags, sand bags and absorbent materials, are kept available near fuel and oil storage areas.  Ensure that operating vehicles are checked regularly for any fuel, oil, or battery fluid leakage.  Ensure that leak /spill record is maintained for each vehicle and such vehicles are operated after proper repair.  Soil contaminated by minor spill (covering an area up to 01 m² and 7.5 mm deep) will be collected and disposed at burn pit.  Ensure that soil contaminated by moderate spills or leaks (up to 200 liters) is controlled using shovels, sand and mud. The contaminated soil if any will be removed from

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Implementation Component Description Recommended Mitigation Measure Sr. Responsibility No. PHYSICAL IMPACTS the site and disposed-off at landfill or burn pit as required. 14. Relocation of Camps In case if the Contractor changes the locations of Ensure that the Contractor makes the necessary camps materials and specified approaches of arrangements (as discussed earlier) by his own PESMU, PC, C routes and roads then proper measures need to expenses, if Contractor decides to change the be adopted. location of camp. 15. Wastage of Water Water may be wasted during daily activities of Avoiding undue wastage of water through labour camps. conservation techniques and selection of adequate PESMU, PC, C water supply sources to ensure that water usage does not affect local consumption. BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS 16. Flora The construction of the water treatment buildings  Ensure that during aligning the access roads, may involve cutting and removal of Forty One minimum vegetation is lost. If any tree is (41) number of trees and a portion of agricultural uprooted, ensure that the Contractor has land. planted at least three fold of trees lost. There is no protected or reserved forest in the  Ensure that endangered trees species (if any) vicinity of the construction area. Therefore, no indicated in Section 7 (EIA) are not cut. PESMU, PC, C effect is envisaged.  Ensure that trees and shrubs are not used as fuel during construction or operation.  After completion of construction phase the vegetation of the area should be restored through plantation. 17. Fauna The construction activities may disturb the  Natural habitats should be maintained to the habitats of native animal species. maximum extent and undue interference should be avoided during construction phase of the Project.  Endangered species if any should be PESMU, PC, C documented and activities should be carried out to reduce negative impacts on endangered species.  Contractor’s staff should be strictly prohibited from buying any wild animals/birds.

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Implementation Component Description Recommended Mitigation Measure Sr. Responsibility No. PHYSICAL IMPACTS  Ensure that safe driving practices are observed so that the accidental killing of reptiles or small animals crossing the roads could be avoided.  Ensure that damage to the natural topography and landscape is kept as minimum as possible.  Ensure that a no-hunting, no trapping, no harassing wildlife policy is strictly observed.  Ensure that the general awareness of the crew is enhanced regarding the wildlife, through environmental training, notices boards etc. 18. Agricultural Land and No agricultural land is involved anywhere in the No action is required crop destruction. Project implementation.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS 19. Health impacts due to Construction activities can lead to stagnant  Good design and construction management to water borne diseases water. This may govern water borne diseases. avoid stagnant water. PEMC, PESMU,  Proper management and disposal of rubbish PC, C and wastes from camp site. 20. Job Opportunities The project will open job opportunities which the  Ensure that at least up to 95% of unskilled, up local population can avail. Contractor should hire to 43% of semi-skilled employment and up to skilled and unskilled labor force from the local 100% of skilled jobs are provided to people communities. from local communities, provided that the persons with required qualifications are available. PESMU, PC, C  Ensure Project staff interaction with local community is minimized.  Ensure that guidelines are prepared and implemented to sensitize non-local laborers to local norms and customs in order to minimize cultural tensions.

90 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Implementation Component Description Recommended Mitigation Measure Sr. Responsibility No. PHYSICAL IMPACTS 21. Communicable Presence of labour at Project site may pose  Ensure that field crew is medically screened Diseases hazard of communicable diseases, which can before employed on site. also spread to the surrounding community.  Ensure Project staff interaction with local PESMU, PC, C community is minimized.  Ensure that periodic awareness campaigns for HIV/AIDS are undertaken for the project staff. 22. Any Discharge or If Graveyard/ Archeological sites are found in the If during construction such sites are found and diversion of water to a Project area then due precautions are necessary. discharge or diversion of water likely to damage the PESMU, PC, C Graveyard or site then it is a Contractor’s obligation not to let it Archeological area happen *PEMC (Project Environment Management Committee), PESMU (Project Environment and Social Management Unit), PC (Project Consultant), C (Contractor)

91 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2 Table 8.4: Environmental Mitigation Plan for Operational Stage

Sr. Implementation Component Description Recommended Mitigation Measure No. Responsibility

Water Intake Water source for treatment plants will be ground water in The population of Tehsil Hasilpur use ground water Tehsil Hasilpur. for their daily activities. The ground water is collected through hand pumps and motor pumps. This water is contaminated by chemical and biological contaminants. Thus treatment of this water by RO and UF plants will lead a positive impact on health of 1. the local community. Also, water will not be depleted PEMC, PESMU or wasted by installation of water treatment plants. Because community will use this treated water instead of directly using the ground water. So there is no negative impact envisaged in using ground water as source intake. Energy Consumption Solar panels will be used for power supply along with the No action is required option of supply from local grid station (if required). As the 2. solar energy is renewable energy source so no impact is PESMU, PC, C envisaged.

Disposal of Back The quantity and composition of the filter backwash water It is suggested that backwash from treatment plants Wash are functions of the process and the efficiency of the be injected deep in the acquifer. 3. treatment units preceding the filter. The backwash PESMU, PC, C generated from the treatment plants may contaminate the receiving body as well as the ground water. Air Emissions The air may be polluted due to vehicular emissions and Monitoring of NOx and Total Suspended Particulate 4. dust producing activities. (TSP) emissions from air should be carried out PESMU, PC, C effectively. Aesthetic/ Scenic The Project construction and operational activities may The standing lush green crops and trees in filed 5. Quality affect aesthetic/scenic quality of the area. present a good scenic view of Project area. This PESMU, PC, C should be conserved at all costs. *PEMC (Project Environment Management Committee), PESMU (Project Environment and Social Management Unit), PC (Project Consultant), C (Contractor)

92 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Table 8.5: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Frequency of Action Sr. Environmental Monitoring Record/ Monitoring Parameters Measurement/ Responsibility Triggering No. Issue Location Documentation Duration Indicators

CONSTRUCTION PHASE At Project Site Air quality during construction; PC & NOx, SOx, CO and remains Complete record i. Labour Independent 1. Air Quality Particulate matter (PM Monthly within of monitored camp site Testing 10). NEQS parameters ii. Batching Authority levels plant site Water quality PC & Physiochemical should Complete record Quality of Ground At Treatment Plants Independent 2. Parameters, Heavy Monthly remain of water quality Water Site Testing metals within analysis. Authority NEQS levels. Noise levels Construction site Monthly at both sites PC & should Record of throughout the Independent 3. Noise Camp site Noise levels remain measured construction period Testing within safe values and When required. Authority limits of 85 db Lining of waste ponds No with 1 mm HDPE sheets seepage layer. from waste Complete record During ponds, oil Physical Provisions of impervious of waste 4. Contractor’s Camps establishment of PC, PESMU,C and Infrastructure liners in place for fuel, seepage. Contractors camps lubricant lubricants storage area storage and drains with oil and septic entrapment provision. tank s etc.

93 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Frequency of Action Sr. Environmental Monitoring Record/ Monitoring Parameters Measurement/ Responsibility Triggering No. Issue Location Documentation Duration Indicators Impervious flooring in fuel Contaminat storage and refueling ed effluents areas. burnt adequately. Separation of mud and work associated systems No from rain/storm drainage accumulati system. on of flying insects and Treatment facilities for the rodents contaminated run off. etc. over Septic tank & soak pits of the soaking adequate size and pits. presence of bunds around the pit. Suitable covering of soak pit to arrest fly and rodent nuisance. Complete record Construction site NEQS and of Visual check of Throughout the EPA measurements 5. emission of dust Camp site Dust, smoke PC, PESMU, C construction period guidelines and comparison and smoke followed. with standards and guidelines. Cutting of trees minimized Construction site At the beginning of Visual check for Type and number of tree Records of 6. construction PC, PESMU, C vegetation loss Camp site species uprooted Replantatio observations activities n done as per plan Construction site During routine Visible sign Photographic 7. Soil erosion Visual observations for monitoring of entire PC, PESMU, C of soil Camp site record before street or rill/gully erosion Project activities erosion

94 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Frequency of Action Sr. Environmental Monitoring Record/ Monitoring Parameters Measurement/ Responsibility Triggering No. Issue Location Documentation Duration Indicators especially after rain and after storms. restoration Quantity of each type of material used including water consumption Quantity of fuel used for No Complete record Resource transportation to/from Daily during exploitation for water and 8. At Project site PC, PESMU,C utilization project location. construction phase of natural fuel resources. consumption. Percentage of material used that have been reused or recycled from waste. Proper waste segregation Solid waste Solid Waste Construction site Daily during whole Record 9. and disposal as PC, PESMU,C disposed- Generation construction phase. maintenance Camp site described in Table 8.3 off properly Waste water generation Waste To be determined rate water Wastewater Construction site through water Record 10. PC, PESMU,C treated and Generation Integrity and maintenance management maintenance Camp site disposed- of the septic tanks and techniques soaking pits. off properly

Facilities to control the accidental oil spill as Oil storage area. recommended in Table Vehicle washing 8.3, such as availability of Daily during Oil spill Record 11. Oil wastes /spills PC, PESMU,C lines. shovels, sands at camp construction phase minimized maintained sites. Presence of oil drip Any other spill area. pans in potential oil leakage areas etc.

95 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Frequency of Action Sr. Environmental Monitoring Record/ Monitoring Parameters Measurement/ Responsibility Triggering No. Issue Location Documentation Duration Indicators Local Local people recruited for people are Complete record all manual labor and During construction recruited 12. Socio-Economics At Project Location. PC, PESMU of employed other jobs for which local phase according persons. skill are available. to their abilities. Community Grievances of the Settlements in the Complaints / conflicts with Throughout the Complainin complaints 13. local PC, PESMU Project area the local communities. construction phase g persons management communities register OPERATIONAL PHASE Restoration and rehabilitation through; Disposal of debris as per regulatory requirements. Treatment and disposal of waste products, solids The activity and liquid in accordance sites have At the end of the Record 1. Land At Project with regulatory PC, C, PESMU been construction phase maintained. Location requirements. restored properly. Backfilling and closing of all solid waste disposal pits as per legal requirements Removal of fencing and gates. Water Physiochemical quality Saaf Pani 2. Water Quality parameters and heavy Quarterly PESMU remained Analysis record. Site metals within the permissible

96 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Treatment 4. Noise Noise levels Quarterly PESMU Plant Site

Project locations Soil At Project Record 5. Soil Erosion Visual observations. prone to soil PESMU erosion site maintained erosion. controlled Habitat Record 6. Within the At the end of the PESMU disturbance Habitat Disturbance Visual Observation. maintained Project area construction phase minimized Tree Trees Record 7. Compensatory tree plantation Survival rate of tree Once in a year for PESMU plantation locations (if saplings. three years. flourishing maintained any) * PESMU (Project Environment and Social Management Unit), PC (Project Consultant), C (Contractor)

97 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

8.11 COMMUNICATION AND DOCUMENTATION Communication and documentation is an essential feature of EMMP. The key features of such mechanism are discussed as under.

8.11.1 Data Recording and Maintenance All forms to be used for recording information during the environmental monitoring will be prepared on a standard format which will correspond to the data base in to which all the gathered information will be placed. Check boxes will be used as much as possible to facilitate data entry. The database may include but not limited to the following information;  Training programs;  Staff deployment;  Non-compliance;  Corrective actions;  List of environmental data to be maintained: o Air and dust pollution o Noise pollution o Water quality o Soil and land pollution o Disposal of waste o Fuel oil and chemical spills o Vegetation record o Record of wildlife o Socio-economic data

8.11.2 Meetings The following meetings on environmental aspects during the Project construction and operational phases would take place:  Kick-off meetings  Daily meetings The purpose of the meetings will be to discuss the daily Project activities, non-compliances of various actions noticed by the Consultant’s Environmental Inspector and measures for their remedies. The meetings will be recorded in the form of a daily environmental report.

8.11.3 Periodic Reports The Consultant’s Environmental Inspector will produce daily; monthly and a final report of the Project based on environmental and social issues. The list of distribution reports is given in Table 8.6.

98 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Table 8.6: List of Periodic Reports

Report Prepared by Reviewed by Distribution

Weekly Environmental RE/Environmental PESMU Inspector of Project Specialist of Consultants Consultants Monthly Environmental RE/Environmental PESMU Inspector of Project Specialist of Consultants Consultants Final Environmental RE/Environmental PESMU Inspector of Project Specialist of Consultants Consultants

8.11.4 Photographic Record of the Project Area Photographic record will be maintained of key Project locations and activities as described in Table 8.5. Following information will be part of photographic record;  Camera  Shot number  Name of photograph  Date  Time  Featured photograph/ Caption  Other observations

8.11.5 Social Complaints Register The Consultant’s Environmental Inspector will maintain a social complaint register at camp site office to document all complaints received from the local communities. The register will also record the measures taken to mitigate these concerns. The final report will be communicated to PESMU.

8.12 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING Environmental training will help to ensure that the requirements of the EMMP are clearly understood and followed by all Project personnel throughout the Project period. The primary responsibility of providing training to all project personnel will be that of the Consultant’s Environmental Inspector. The training will be given to different professional groups separately such as manager level group, skilled personnel group, and unskilled labour. An indicative Environmental Training Program is given in Table 8.7.

99 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Table 8.7: Training Program

Staff Trainer Contents Schedule Selected field staff Environment Inspector of the Environmental sensitive Before Project Consultants areas of the Project; construction Key finding of the EIA activities and EMMP of Saaf Pani Project; Social and cultural values of the area All site personnel of Environmental Inspector of Environmental sensitive Before Contractor: the Project Consultants areas of the Project; construction Key finding of the EIA activities - Managerial staff and - Engineers EMMP of Saaf Pani - Environment Project; Consultant: Social and cultural values - Managerial staff of the area - Engineers

Construction crew: Environmental Inspector of EMMP Before - Helper the Project Consultants Waste disposal construction - Skilled labour (Construction, Solid and activities - Unskilled labour liquid waste generated from camp site) Drivers Contractor and Road safety Before and Environmental Inspector of Road restrictions during the the Project Consultants Vehicular restrictions construction Vehicular maintenance Waste disposal Social and cultural values of the area. Mechanic Contractor and Waste disposal Before and Environmental Inspector of Vehicular maintenance during the the Project Consultants construction Camp staff Contractor and Camp operation Before and Environmental Inspector of Waste disposal during the the Project Consultants (Construction, Solid and construction liquid waste generated from camp site) Natural resource conservation Restoration team Contractor and Waste disposal Before the Environmental Inspector of Leveling of waste start of the the Project Consultants disposal area restoration activity

100 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

8.13 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING COST The environment management cost has been worked out (Table 8.8) which covers the environmental monitoring for air, water and noise, onsite testing instruments, logistic support and maintenance cost. Total estimated cost for EMMP implementation in Hasilpur Tehsil is PKR 7,419,000/. Whereas the breakup costs of construction and operational phases of Tehsil Hasilpur is also calculated and is given in Table 8.9 and 8.10.

Table 8.8: Overall Estimated Cost of Implementing the EMMP in Tehsil Hasilpur Construction Phase Operation Phase Category (PKRS) (PKRS) (6 months) (2 Years) Environmental Monitoring for Water, Air Quality & 2,961,000 3,948,000 Noise

Onsite Testing Instrument 30,000 100,000 Logistics Support 30,000 50,000

- Maintenance 300,000

Grand Total 3,021,000 4,398,000

PKR 7, 419,000

101 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Table 8.9: Environmental Monitoring Cost for Construction Phase (6 Months)

Monitoring No. of Total Monitoring Monitoring Unit Rate Locations/ No. of Samples Amount Parameters Frequency sources Monitoring during (Rs.) (Rs.) Sites Construction

Ground Water Construction Physiochemical Monthly 21 6 12,000.0 1,512,000 and camp site and chemical parameters

Air Quality Monitoring Construction Monthly 21 6 10,000.0 1,260,000 site Camp site (NO2, SO2, CO, PM)

Construction Noise Levels site Monthly 21 6 1500.0 189,000 Monitoring Camp site

GRAND TOTAL 2,961,000

102 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Table 8.10: Environmental Monitoring Cost for Operational Phase (2 Years)

No. of Total Monitoring Monitoring No. of Unit Rate Monitoring Samples Amount Locations/ Frequency Monitoring Parameters during 2 (Rs.) sources Sites (Rs.) Years

Drinking Water Saaf Pani Quarterly 21 8 12,000.0 Physiochemical Source 2,016,000 and chemical parameters Air Quality Treatment 21 Quarterly 8 10,000.0 Monitoring (NO2, Plant Site 1,680,000 SO2, CO, PM) Noise Levels Treatment 21 Quarterly 8 1500.0 Monitoring Plant Site 252,000

GRAND TOTAL 3,948,000

103 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

9.1 CONCLUSION Based on the environmental and social impacts assessment of the proposed Saaf Pani Project, it is concluded that Project will have short term and reversible impacts with moderate to minor magnitude. Implementation of Punjab Saaf Pani Project (PSPP) will definitely lower the outbreak of water borne diseases and improve the health and hygiene conditions in the area. The major impacts of the Project are summarized as under:  Mostly Government land is available at desired Project sites. In case of non- availability of Government/ state, private land will be required (10-15 marlas at each Project site) by voluntary negotiations and donations from the land owners.  All the other impacts like soil erosion, soil contamination, solid waste generation, water contamination, air pollution, high noise level, etc. are of temporary nature and can be controlled and mitigated.  No protected forest area or wildlife sanctuary or any other environmentally sensitive site exists within the Project Area of impact, which may be affected by the Project.  No indigenous people have been identified in the Project.  The other social issues like safety of general public and workers, security problems, risk of communicable diseases, vector borne diseases etc. are of temporary nature.  A comprehensive EMMP has been developed identifying the impacts, mitigation measures, agencies responsible for implementation and monitoring of the proposed measures. EMMP also describes the environmental and social monitoring responsibilities.  The total estimated cost for the environmental and social management comes to about PKR 7,419,000/. In the light of the above discussions, it may be concluded; as most of the above impacts are of temporary nature and manageable through proper planning/execution and good engineering practices and none of these are irreversible, therefore proposed Project is environment friendly and will have the least impacts on the area’s existing social and environmental settings.

9.2 RECOMMENDATIONS Although comprehensive mitigation measures have been proposed in the report to minimize the negative impacts and to enhance the positive impacts of the Project, however, major recommended measures are summarized as under:  Backwash from treatment plants should be injected deep in the aquifer with proper engineering techniques to avoid the hazardous impacts.  Contractor’s camp size should be developed at least 500m away from settlements to avoid/minimize the construction impacts and should be facilitated with proper drainage facilities.

104 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

 Soil erosion and contamination, solid waste management, water contamination, air pollution and high noise levels should be controlled with the use of good engineering practices.  If any tree is uprooted, the Contractor should plant at least three fold of trees lost.  Contractor should warn the workers not to hunt the water birds, fish resources, etc.  The Contractor will have to adopt suitable timing (9pm-8am) for the construction activities so as to cause the least disturbance to the local community particularly women considering their peak movement hours.  Contractor should take due care of the local community and its sensitivity towards local customs and traditions.  Locals should be preferred for the job opportunities during construction/operation of the Project.  EMMP proposed in Chapter 8 should be implemented in its true spirits.

105 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEXURES

106 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEX I- DETAILS OF CONSULTANTS OF JOINT VENTURE

Associated Consulting Engineers (ACE) 36-Civic Center 1st Floor M-Block Model Town Ext. Lahore Ph: No. 042-35201206-7 Email: [email protected]

SMEC International 49-D1 Gulberg-III Lahore Ph: 042-35754751

Engineering General Consultants (EGC) 49-D1 Gulberg-III Lahore Ph: 042-35754751

Engineering Consultancy Services Punjab (Pvt.) Ltd. 83 A/E-I, Main Boulevard, Gulberg III, Lahore, Pakistan Cell: 0321-4176309 Phone: (92 42) 35717681-84 Fax: (92 42) 35717685 Email: [email protected]

107 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEX II: SAILENT FEATURES OF PROPOSED SITES

DISTRICT: BAHAWALPUR DATE OF VISIT: 09-04-2015 TEHSIL: HASILPUR No. of Coordinates of No. of trees/ Sr. Population (P) Plants Status of Existing Public Village Name Proposed vegetation View of Available land Remarks No. / HH Land Land Use Infrastructure 1000 2000 Locations removed lph lph

1. No Govt. school is available in the HH= 275 N 29 35 19.4 Al- Fateh Public village 1 Chak 73/ F 1 State Land No Use 0 P ~ 2,000 E 072 29 21.6 school (Private) 2. The location of Treatment plant is feasible.

1. Population is not Middle school for confirmed Girls (1Km away HH= 1500 N 29 39 16.5 2. 2 poles for 2 Chak 65/F 1 State Land No use from village) 0 P ~ 2500-3000 E 072 34 18.8 electricity will be Madrassa for required. Boys

High School for Old Girls 1. The site is located HH= 200-275 N 29 34 37.1 Girls 3 Chak 79/F 1 State Land Primary 3 with the boundary. P ~ 2000 E 072 33 255.9 Primary School School for Boys

HH= 300 N 29 33 40.7 Private middle 4 Chak 81/F 1 Private Land Vegetation 2 P ~ 800 N 072 34 08.2 School

108 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

No. of Coordinates of No. of trees/ Sr. Population (P) Plants Status of Existing Public Village Name Proposed vegetation View of Available land Remarks No. / HH Land Land Use Infrastructure 1000 2000 Locations removed lph lph

1. Site Location is not Option:1 confirmed. N 29 34 19.6 Private Land No use 0 2. There is E 072 29 31.5 community conflict for site selection. Most of the people/ women are agreed HH= 300 Primary School for Installation of 5 Chak 75/ Fateh 1 P ~ 3000 for Girls & Boys Treatment Plant at Option 2 Location. 3. 7 Marlas and 3 Marlas housing Schemes are also Option:2 No Use/ present within 1 N 29 34 19.6 State Land 0 Water Pond Km of radius. E 072 29 31.5

Primary school for HH= 240 N 29 35 46.4 Boys & Girls 6 Chak 77/ Fateh 1 State Land Live Stock 4 P ~ 1000- 1200 E 072 31 14.7 Veterinary Hospital

Primary school for HH= 250 N 29 34 49.4 7 Chak 78/F 1 State Land No Use Boys & Girls 0 P ~ 1500 E 072 32 39.4

109 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

HH= 1400-1500 N 29 34 57.7 Middle School for 8 Chak 148/ Murad 1 State Land Vegetation 3 P ~ 4000 E 072 37 41.2 Girls & Boys

N 29 29 15.8 9 Chak 192/ Murad P ~ 2800 1 State Land E 072 36.34.3

1. Option 1 is not Option 1: feasible. N 29 29 11.5 State Land Live Stock 0 2. The available space E 072 42 11.3 is less than 10 Marlas. 3. It involves the resettlement of HH= 300 family. 10 Chak 184/ Murad 1 P ~ 2500 4. Option 2 is feasible and available outside the boundary of school. 5. People are also Option 2: Waste agree for installation N 29 29 07.5 State Land 0 Disposal of treatment plant at E 072 42 11.2 Option 2 location.

1. The Proposed Middle School for treatment Plant will HH= 300-350 N 29 30 01.5 Waste Boys 11 Chak 187/ Murad 1 State Land 0 also cater the 2 P ~ 3000 E 072 40 57.4 Disposal Primary School nearby colonies with for Girls 1 Km of Radius.

110 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

1. Location of Land is Location: 1 not feasible. N 29 42 21.5 Water Pond 0 2. It is at the center E 072 34 45.2 of Road.

HH= 100-125 Primary School 12 Chak 17/ Ford 1 State Land P ~ 1200 for Boys & Girls

1. Location 2 is feasible. Location: 2 2. Located at the N 29 42 21.5 No Use 1 corner site. E 072 34 45.2 3. Plant Capacity needs to be reduced to 1,000 lph.

1. Proposed Plant Middle School for Capacity is 2,000 HH= 350 N 29 43 03.2 Boys 13 Chak 13/ Ford 1 State Land 3 lph. P ~ 2500 E 072 37 43.1 Primary school for 2. It needs to be Girls reduced to 1,000 lph.

HH= 200 N 29 35 54.5 Primary school for 14 Chak 149/ Murad 1 State Land Vegetation 1 P ~ 2000 E 072 38 08.6 Girls & Boys

111 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

HH= 250 N 29 35 09.2 Waste Primary school for 15 Chak 150/ Murad 1 State Land 2 P ~ 1200-1500 E 072 35 59.4 Disposal Girls & Boys

Proposed plant capacity Abundant Primary School HH= 700-800 N 29 41 41.6 is 1,000 lph. However 16 Chak 19 Ford 1 State Land Primary Girls Model 3 P ~ 4000-5000 E 072 30 26.6 capacity needs to be School School increased to 2,000 lph.

1. Proposed plant capacity is 1,000 lph. However capacity needs to be Primary School increased to 2,000 HH= 800 N 29 41 38.6 for Girls 0 lph. 17 Chak 20 Ford 1 State Land Water Pond P ~ 5000 E 072 88 33.3 Primary School 2. Cluster of 4 Villages: for Boys  7 Marla Scheme  Sheran wala Dera  Basti Latten Wali  Basti Sheikhan Wali

1. Option 1 is not suitable. 2. It is location at the center of road which Option 1: HH= 300 Primary School causes problem due 18 Chak 147 Murad 1 N 29 35 05.1 State Land Water Pond 0 P ~ 2500-3000 for Girls & Boys to traffic activities at E 072 39 44.8 day. 3. Option 2 is most suitable and agreed by people.

112 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

4. It will facilitate the Option 2: Waste nearby village with N 29 35 10.3 State Land 0 Disposal population of 40 E 072 30 44.1 people.

1. The Treatment Plant will facilitate the nearby Azafi Basti and other small 3 HH= 300-400 Solid waste villages within 1km P ~ 2500 N 29 31 00.5 Primary School 19 Chak 161 Murad 1 State Land Disposal in 0 of radius. Azafi Basti ~ E 072 39 30.0 for Girls & Boys pond 2. The pond is need to 1500 be filled for installation of Treatment Plant.

Near Old 1. One electric pole is HH= 200-250 N 29 29 09.2 Water required for 20 Chak 188 Murad P ~ 1200-2000 1 State Land 0 E 072 40 10.7 Supply installation of

Scheme Treatment Plant.

Chak 189 Murad P ~ 2000 N 29 28 44.2 21 1 State Land E 072 38 52.1

113 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEX III: QUESTIONNAIRE SAMPLES

صاف پانی پراجیکٹ PUNJAB SAAF PANI PROJECT

پیکجPACKAGE 2 2-

سوالنامہ برائے گاوں سروے Questionnaire for Village Profile Survey

(Bhawalnagar, Bahawalpur, Lodhran & Rahim Yar Khan)

عالقہ کی شناخت A: IDENTIFCATION OF AREA تاریخ انٹرویوDate of interview .1

بستیاں No. of Settlements گاؤں/موضع Name of Village/Mouza .2 تعداد اضافی کا نام 2.A Location of Village (GPS Lat. ______Long. ______Coordinates) ___N ___E Elev ___m یونین کونسل/ پٹوار Union Council .3 حلقہ قانونگو حلقہ/تحصیل Tehsil .4

ضلعDistrict .5

ڈیموگرافک/آبادی سے متعلق معلوماتB: ESTIMATED POPULATION OF THE VILLAGE Sr.# Adult Sr.# Children Up-to 10 Years تعداد میل بچے(.Male(Nos .7 تعداد مرد(.Male(Nos .6

تعداد فی میل بچے(.Female (Nos .9 تعداد عورتیں(.Female (Nos .8

اوسط تعدا د افراد فی گھرانہ Household Size 11 ۔ تعداد کل گھرانے(.Total HH (Nos 10

۔گاوں میں اوسطاً تعلیمی روجحان / لیولC: LITERACY LEVEL Sr. Sr.# Level % Sr.# Level % Level % # میٹرک Matric .14 پرائمریPrimary Level قرآن کے Quran Read 12. 13. .پاس پڑھے ایم M.A/M.Sc .17 گریجوایشن Graduation انٹرمیڈیٹ Intermediate 15. 16. اے 18. Diploma/Certificate 19. Skilled 20. Any other

گاوں/موضع میں موجود دستیاب :(برائے مہبربانی ٹِک کریں) .D. AVAILABLE UTILITIES سہولیات Sr. Sr.# Utility Detail Sr.# Utility Detail Utility Detail # گیس Gas بجلی Electricity واٹر سپالئیWS .23 .22 .21

114 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

بنیادی مرک ِز BHU .26 سیوریج Sewerage ٹیلی فون Telephone 24. 25. صحت

صحت کی سہولیاتE. HEALTH FACILITIES Have anybody in the village suffered from any disease for last 6 months due to Yes No کیا کوئی فرد گزشتہ چھ ماہ میں ناقص معیار کا (poor quality of drinking water? (please  .27 پانی پینے سے بیمار ہوا ہے If yes, which Kidney Oth Diarrhea/ Jaundice/ کوdisease (please Dysenter Typhoid disease polio er Hepatitis ہیCholera .28 ئی پولیو گردے کی ٹائفیڈ پیچسy اگر ہاں تو کونسی ( ہیپاٹائٹس/یرقان ضہ/اسہال اور بیماری بیماری How many persons in the village died during last 2 years because of water borne ----- خدانخواستہ گزشتہ دو سال میں کوئی فرد ناقص پانی پینے ?diseases? If yes then tell disease of death .29 --- سے پیدا ہونے والی بیماری سے وفات تو نہیں پا گیا۔ اگر ہاں تو موت کا باعث بننے والی بیماری کا بتاہیں۔ From where villagers treatment of family members in case of ------30. -- بیمار ہونے کی صورت میں گھرکےافراد کا کہاں سے عالج کرواتے ہیں?illness How many expenses per month a family incur on water borne diseases? Rs. 31. ______ایک گھرانہ کتنی رقم ایک ماہ میں خراب پانی پینے سے ہونے والی بیماریوں کے عالج پر لگاتا ہے؟

پینے کے پانی کے حوالے سےF: DRINKING WATER (CONSUMPTIVE) SUPPLY F1: Availability Govt. water Water filter From where Private water Motorized Pump Hand supply Plant at Village obtain supply ُ within house pump/Well scheme واٹر فلٹر level گھر کے اندر گھر کے اندر ڈونکی پرائیویٹ واٹر ?water گورنمنٹ کی پالنٹ نلکا/کنواں پمپ موٹر سپالئی (please ) .32 واٹر سپالئی پینے کا پانی .…………………………………………Water Other, Please Specify کہاں سے حاصل اگر کسی اور ذریعہ سے پینے کا پانی حاصل کرتے ہیں تو بیان کریں واٹر ٹینکرTanker کرتے ہیں In case of water supply scheme then describe supply hours, Morning------, Afternoon------33. ------Evening ,-- اگر گورنمنٹ کی واٹر سپالئی سے پینے کا پانی حاصل کرتے ہیں تو وقت بتائیں ------اگر آپ کنواں .If hand pump or well then tell about depth to ground of water table 34. کتنے فٹ.ft- یا نلکا سے پانی لیتے ہیں تو پھر یہ بتائیں کہ پانی کتنے فٹ نیچے ہے یا پانی کا واٹر ٹیبل کیا ہے If water filter plant or other source then how much is distance from center of ------35. (km) اگر آپ واٹر فلٹر یا کسی اور ذریعہ سے پانی لیتے ہیں تو گھر سے کتنا فاصلہ ہے۔?village Adult Adult Children Children پانی کون ?Who fetch water 36. فی میل بچےFemale مرد بچےMale عورتیںFemale مردMale بھرتا یا التا ہے )ٹِک کریں Other Time spent on fetching / day? (Hrs) From Filtration From Water 37. Source ……Plant…… tanker پانی کو النےمیں کتنا وقت لگتا ہے ……. How much cost per month you pay for Average Rs پانی النے کا Source آپ کے خیال میں کتنی رقم ہر ماہ پانی النے میں لگ ?water .38 .………HH/ ..……..………ذریعہ جاتی ہے In case of no water supply in village then tell about ------کس سمت میں ہے Direction اگر آپ کے گاؤں میں nearby scheme/source of water ------فاصلہDistance - .39 واٹر سپالئی نہیں ہے تو نزدیکی واٹر سپالئی یا پانی کے ذریعہ کا Km بتائیں Do the villagers use sweet drinking water in case of non-availability of water No 39- Yes موضع میں واٹر سپالئی نہ ہونے کی صورت میں گاوں والے میٹھا پانی کیا ?supply in the Mouza ہاں A نہیں استعمال کرتے ہیں

115 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

------اگر استعمال کرتے ہیں تو ذریعہ .If Yes, Source of sweet drinking water 39------کیا پے B نہر کی کیفیت Nearest canal / Disty status Name. Direction Distance (km)-- گاوں / disty / minor 39- -Non ---گاوں کے سینٹر ـــــــــــــــــــ نام Perennial کی قریبی نہر/ راجباہ/ C چھ Perennial سے فاصلہ سمت ــــــــــــــــــ ساالنہ مائنر ماہی

عام طور پر پینے کے پانی کا معیار F2: Quality of Water in General (Source used by more than 50% HH) نمکین/Marginal Brackish مHow the drinking water taste like? (please ) Sweet 40. Others کھارا/خراب درمیانہ یٹھا پینے کے پانی کا ذائقہ کسطرح کا ہے؟ a. EC meter Reading ______a. EC meter Reading ______b. GPS b. GPS Electric 40.A Conductivity reading______N______reading______N______(EC)/TDS Data E _E c. Source______c. Source______

گنداDirty صColor of drinking water? (please ) Clean/Clear Others پیالYellow .41 /گدال ِ اف اور واضع پینے کے پانی کا رنگ کیسا ہے۔ …Other ب رBad پینے کے پانی سے How this water smells? (please )Smell اچھیGood .42 .… ی کسطرح کی Are people satisfied with the quality of water? (Please) نہیںNo ہاںYes .43 کیا آپ پینے کے پانی کے معیار سے مطمئن ہیں If water is dirty then do you make it suitable for drinking? (Please) No ہاںYes .44 نہیں آپ کے خیال میں پینے کا پانی کوکھانا پکانے کے لیے موزوں ہے؟ Use Filter it with If yes, then what measure people take to Boils it alum cloth Other پانی کو اگر پانی گندا/گدال ہو تو کیا آپ (clean it? (Please  .45 s کپڑے کے ذریعہ پھٹکری کا ا بالنا اس کو پینے کے قابل بناتے ہیں؟ چھاننا استعمال Y کیا آپ نے پانی کا معیار جانچنے کے لیے ٹسٹ (Have water tested for quality? (Please  46. e No کروایا ہے؟ s Others غیر If yes, who did it? (please ) Self NGOs حکومت نے.Govt .47 کوئی اور سرکاری تنظیم خود کروایا اگر ہاں تو کس نے ٹسٹ کروایا ہے ۔ From where water was tested? (Lab Name) …………………………………………… 48. .… کہاں سے آپ نے ٹسٹ کروایا تھا؟ When the water test was conducted? (please ) Last Last 49. Last 6 month month Year کب پانی کا ٹسٹ کروایا تھا؟ پانی کے ٹسٹ کا کیا نتیجہ آیا (What was the result? (Please  غیر موزوں Un-Fit موزوں Fit .50 تھا؟ ۔ Piped What Type of Scheme requires to Communit Other, Filtration water ensure improved water supply? y tank Please پائپ کے ذریعہ Plants .51 …Specify کمیونٹی ٹینکر صاف پانی پینے کے لیے کسطرح کی (please ) واٹر سپالئی فلٹریشن پالنٹ ..… اسکیم کی ضرورت ہے۔

Available If Filtration Plant /Community Tank, Tentative Location: from No are…(ft2/ Yes center of the village…Km اگر عالقہ میں then describe about 52. Marla گاوں کے سینٹر سے موزوں جگہ کا ہاں فلٹریشن پالنٹ یا کمیونٹی ٹینکر کی ضرورت کے مر(Kanal/ نہیں فاصلہ پیش نظر کیا عالقہ میں جگہ ہے؟ بع

116 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

فٹ/مرلے/کن ال Other, Please What is the land ownership Proprietary Government Communal کوئی …Specify .53 مشترکہ حکومتی کسی کی ذاتی زمین کس کی ملکیت ہے؟?status اور Willingness to pay for improved If yes, How much per Rs/Mo اگر ہاں ?household can pay کیا آپ بہتر (water supply? (please  54. Yes No ----nth تو کتنی رقم فی گھرانہ ادا کر سکتا پینے کا پانی لینے کے لیے کچھ رقم ادا کرنا ہے؟ چاہیں گے

پینے کے پانی کے عالوہ دوسرے پانی کا استعمالG: USE OF NON – DRINKING WATER

نہانے ، کپڑے دھونے اور ٹائلٹ میں استعمال ہونے والے پانی سے متعلقہG1: For Bathing, Washing & Toilet Water Govt. water Private water Motorized Pump Hand filter From where supply scheme supply ُ within house pump/Well Plant obtain water? واٹر level گھر کے اندر گھر کے اندر ڈونکی پرائیویٹ واٹر گورنمنٹ کی واٹر (please ) نلکا/کنواں پمپ موٹر سپالئی سپالئی .55 فلٹر پالنٹ پینے کا پانی کہاں سے حاصل کرتے Other, Please ہیں .……………………………………Specify واٹر ٹینکرWater Tanker اگر کسی اور ذریعہ سے پینے کا پانی حاصل کرتے ہیں تو بیان کریں Not مشکل Difficult آسانی Easy دستیاب available ُپانی کی (Availability of water (please  سے سے .56 نہیں دستیابی

بExcellent Level of satisfaction Satisfactory In case of not satisfaction given …………………………………reason ہت ہی اچھی towards bathing water صرف مطمئن .57 غیر مطمئن ہونے کی صورت میں ..………… طرح کس حد تک آپ پانی کے معیار وجہ بیان کریں غیر مطمئنUnsatisfactory سے مطمئن ہیں In case of not satisfaction are people force to use said water? نہیںNo ہاںYes .58 غیر مطمئن ہونے کی صورت میں کیا آپ اسی پانی کو استعمال کرنے پر مجبور ہیں

جانوروں کے لیے پانی (پینے اور نہانے کے لیے)(G2: Water for Livestock (Drinking/Bathing Water filter From where Govt. water Private water Motorized Pump Hand Plant at obtain water? supply scheme supply ُ within house pump/Well Village گھر کے اندر گھر کے اندر ڈونکی پرائیویٹ واٹر گورنمنٹ کی واٹر (please ) واٹر level .59 فلٹر پالنٹ نلکا/کنواں پمپ موٹر سپالئی سپالئی پینے کا پانی کہاں سے حاصل کرتے .…………………………………………Water Other, Please Specify ہیں اگر کسی اور ذریعہ سے پینے کا پانی حاصل کرتے ہیں تو بیان کریں واٹر ٹینکرTanker دستیاب Not available مشکل سے Difficult آسانی سےEasy پانی کی دستیابی Availability of water .60 نہیں

117 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Do you think that livestock’s water is appropriate for livestock’s health? 61. Yes No کیا آپ سمجھتے ہیں کہ جانوروں کے لیے پانی موزوں ہے Do you have regular practice to take your livestock at canal for drinking 62. /Bathing? Yes No کیا آپ کے گاؤں یا گاؤں کے باہر جانوروں کے پانی پینے اورنہالنے کے لیے کوئی چھپڑ / پونڈ ہے Is there any drinking/bathing pond available in or out side of the village? 63. Yes No کیا لوگوں میں جانوروں کو پانی پالنے اور نہالنے کے لیے نہر پر لے کر جاتے ہیں Is there any practice to take livestock at that pond? 64. Yes No کیا لوگوں میں جانوروں کو چھپڑ/پونڈ پر جانوروں کو لے جانے کی عادت/پریکٹس ہے

صحت عامہ کے حوالے سےH: HEALTH &HYGIENE PRACTICES کیا آپ کو پانی سے پیدا ہونے والی بیماریوں کے حوالے ?Awareness on water borne disease 65. Y N سے آگاہی ہے Govt. Others غیر From where you get information Docto Teache NGO کوئی Specify حکومتی ادارہ سرکاری تنظیم ا ستادr r صحت عامہ کے حوالے ?on hygiene 66. اور ڈاکٹر سے آپ نے معلومات کہاں سے لیں۔

Before After Do you wash hands? Before cooking After using toilet 67. eating eating ٹائلٹ استعمال کرنے کے بعد کھانا بنانے سے پہلے کیا آپ اپنے ہاتھ دھوتے ہیں؟ کھانےکے بعد کھانے سے پہلے

I: INCLUSION Your suggestions: how government can improve water supply system in marginalized 68. areas? پراجیکٹ کے حوالے تجاویز اور سفارشات

118 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

)صاف پانی پراجیکٹ(PUNJAB SAAF PANI PROJECT )پیکجPACKAGE 2 )2-

(Bhawalnagar, Bhawalpur, Lodhran & Rahim Yar Khan)

Questionnaire for Household Survey

گھرانے کا سروے بذریعہ سوالنامہ

شناخت A: IDENTIFCATION

تاریخ انٹرویو Date of interview .1

جواب دہندہ کا نام Name of Respondent .2

جواب دہندہ کے والد کا نام Respondent’s Father Name .3

جواب دہندہ کا موبائل ٹیلی فون نمبر .Respondent’s Mobile No .4

گاؤں/موضع کا نام Name of Village/Mouza .5

یونین کونسل/ پٹوار حلقہ Union Council/ Patwar Circle .6

قانون گو حلقہ/تحصیل Qanoongo Halqa / Tehsil .7

ضلع District .8

ڈیموگرافک/آبادی سے متعلق معلومات (B: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF HOUSEHOLD (HH

دس سال تک Children Up to 10 Years کے بچے #.Sr بالغ Sr.# Adult

تعداد میل بچے (.Male(Nos .11 تعداد مرد (.Male(Nos .9 تعداد فی میل (.Female (Nos تعداد (.Female (Nos بچے .12 عورتیں .10

تعلیمی معیار:C: EDUCATION LEVEL

Sr.# Level No. Sr.# Level No. Sr.# Level No.

Diploma .19 تعدادQuran Read Intermediate انٹرمیڈیٹ .تعداد ڈپلوما .16 تعداد قرآن کے پڑھے .13 ہولڈرز Certificate تعدادPrimary Level Graduation 14. 17. 20. .سرٹیفکیٹ ہولڈرز گریجوایشن تعدادپرائمری لیول کوئی M.A/M.Sc 21. Any other تعداد میٹرک پاس Matric . دوسرا تعدادایم اے /ایم ایس .18 .15 سی

پیشہ، آمدنی اور اخراجاتD: OCCUPTION, INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

119 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Occupation of the respondent? Main Secondary 22. ---- دوسرا پیشہOccupation --مین پیشہ Occupation جواب دہندہ کا پیشہ What is your monthly family income? 10,000- 15,000- 23. More than 25,000 25,000 15,000 آپ کے گھرانے کی ماھانہ آمدنی کتنی ہے آپ کے گھرانے کے ماھانہ آخراجات ?Monthly expenditure of your family Rs. ------کتنے ہیں .24 --

حاصل کردہ سہولیات:(E. AVAILABLE UTILITIES (Tick

Sr. Sr.# Utility Detail Sr.# Utility Detail Utility Detail # Water Supply ٹیلی فونTelephone .29 .27 بجلیElectricity .25 واٹر سپالئی سیوریج نالیاں وغیرہSewerage .30 بنیادی مرکز صحتBHU .28 گیسGas .26

صحت کی سہولیات F. HEALTH FACILITIES

Have anybody in the house suffered from any disease for last 6 نہیںNo ہاںmonths due to poor quality of drinking water? Yes .31 کیا گھر کا کوئی فرد گزشتہ چھ ماہ میں ناقص معیار کا پانی پینے سے بیمار ہوا ہے Hepatitis Choler / Kidney If yes, which disease a/ Typh Poli Other Dysent Jaundic Disease کوئی please ) Diarrh oid o) .32 گردے کی e پیچسery اور پولیو ٹائفیڈ ہیضہea اگر ہاں تو کونسی بیماری بیماری ہیپاٹائٹس/یر /اسہال قان Have any one in the house died during last two years because of water borne diseases. If yes then tell disease of death? 33. ------خدانخواستہ گزشتہ دو سال میں گھر کا کوئی فرد ناقص پانی پینے سے پیدا ہونے والی بیماری سے وفات تو نہیں پا گیا۔ اگر ہاں تو موت کا باعث بننے والی بیماری کا بتاہیں۔ From where you treat your family members, in case of illness? ------34. --- بیمار ہونے کی صورت میں گھرکےافراد کا کہاں سے عالج کرواتے ہیں؟ How many expenses per month a family incur on health care? ------.Rs ایک گھرانہ کتنی رقم ایک ماہ میں خراب پانی پینے سے ہونے والی بیماریوں کے عالج .35 پر لگاتا ہے؟

پینے کے پانی کے حوالے سے G: DRINKING WATER (CONSUMPTIVE) SUPPLY

G1: Availability

Govt. water Private water Motorized Pump Hand From where Water filter supply scheme supply ُ within house pump/Well obtain water? Plant گھر کے اندر گھر کے اندر ڈونکی پرائیویٹ واٹر گورنمنٹ کی واٹر واٹر فلٹر پالنٹ (please ) 36. نلکا/کنواں پمپ موٹر سپالئی سپالئی پینے کا پانی کہاں .……………………………………… Water Tanker Other, Please Specify سے حاصل اگر کسی اور ذریعہ سے پینے کا پانی حاصل کرتے ہیں تو بیان کریں واٹر ٹینکر کرتےہیں

120 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

In case of water supply scheme then describe supply ,------صبح hours, Morning Evening ,------دوپہر Afternoon اگر گورنمنٹ کی واٹر سپالئی سے پینے کا پانی حاصل کرتے ہیں تو وقت .7 ------شام بتائیں

If hand pump or well then tell about depth to ground of water table. کتنے فٹ .ft------اگر آپ کنواں یا نلکا سے پانی لیتے ہیں تو پھر یہ بتائیں کہ پانی کتنے فٹ نیچے ہے یا .38 پانی کا واٹر ٹیبل کیا ہے کلو (If water filter plant or other source then how much is distance from your ------(km میٹر میں ?house .39 اگر آپ واٹر فلٹر یا کسی اور ذریعہ سے پانی لیتے ہیں تو گھر سے کتنا فاصلہ ہے Who fetch water? Children Adult Adult Children Female پانی کون بھرتا یا التا ہے )ٹِک .40 میل بچےMale عورتیںFemale مردMale فی میل بچے کریں From Water From Other Source Time spent on fetching /day? From Filteration tanker…….hrs Hrs .……… واٹر ٹینکر سے فلٹر پالنٹ Plant…….hrs پانی بھرنے یا النے میں ایک دن میں کتنا .41 کسی اور ذریعہ سے النے میں گھنٹوں سے النے میں گھنٹوں میں ٹائم لگتا ہے پانی النے پر میں

پانی النے کا ذریعہ How much cost per month you pay for water? Source .……… رقم Rs .42 .……………… آپ کے خیال میں کتنی رقم ہر ماہ پانی النے میں لگ جاتی ہے In case of no water supply in village then tell about ------کس سمت میں ہے nearby scheme/source of water Direction 43. اگر آپ کے گاؤں میں واٹر سپالئی نہیں ہے تو نزدیکی واٹر سپالئی یا Km------گاؤں سے فاصلہ Distance پانی کے ذریعہ کا بتائیں

عام طور پر پینے کے پانی کا معیار G2: Quality of Drinking Water in General

نہیں No ہاں Are you satisfied with the quality of water? Yes 44. کیا آپ پینے کے پانی کے معیار سے مطمئن ہیں؟ نہیں No ہاں Do you think drinking water is appropriate for cooking purposes? Yes 45. آپ کے خیال میں پینے کا پانی کھانا پکانے کے لیے موزوں ہے؟ Others How the drinking water taste like? (please ) Sweet Margin Brackish کوئی اور .46 نمکین/کھارا/ درمیانہ al میٹھا پینے کے پانی کا ذائقہ کسطرح کا ہے؟ بیان کریں۔ Others Color of drinking water? (please ) Clean/Clear Yellow Dirty کوئی دوسرا .47 گندا/گدال پیال صاف اور واضع پینے کے پانی کا رنگ کیسا ہے۔ بیان کریں ِ Others……… Bad کوئی دوسری اگر تو بیاں اچھی How this water smells? (please ) Good ب ری .48 .کریں پینے کےپانی سے کسطرح کی Smell آتی ہے

نہیں No ہاں If water is dirty then do you make it suitable for drinking? (please ) Yes 49. اگر پانی گندا/گدال ہو تو کیا آپ اس کو پینے کے قابل بناتے ہو۔

121 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Filter it with Others Use alum کوئی If yes, then what measure you take to clean cloth Boils it پھٹکری کا دوسرا تو پانی کو ا بالنا کپڑے کے اگر ہاں تو پھر آپ پینےکا پانی کسطرح (it? (please  .50 استعمال بیان کریں ذریعہ سے صاف کرتے ہیں/۔ چھاننا

کیا (Has the water tested for quality? (please  نہیں No ہاں Yes آپ نے پانی کا معیار جانچنے کے لیے ٹسٹ کروایا تھا؟ .51

Others کسی NGOs خود Self کسی اور نے غیر سرکاری حکومت نے .If yes, who did it? (please ) Govt کروایا .52 بیان کریں تنظیم نے اگر ہاں تو کس نے ٹسٹ کروایا تھا؟ ۔

لیب کا …………………………………………… (From where water was tested? (Lab Name نا م کہاں سے آپ نے ٹسٹ کروایا تھا؟ .53

Last When the water test was conducted? (please ) Last month Last 6 month Year 54. گزشتہ گزشتہ چھ ماہ پہلے گزشتہ ماہ کب پانی کا ٹسٹ کروایا تھا؟ سال غیر Un-Fit موزوں Fit ٹسٹ کا کیا رزلٹ آیا تھا؟ (What was the result? (please  موزوں .55

Piped Comm Other کوئی Filtration water What Type of Scheme require to ensure, unity دوسری پائپ کے Plants tank فلٹریشن (improved water supply? (please  .56 اسکیم بیان کمیونٹی ذریعہ واٹر پالنٹ صاف پانی پینے کے لیے کسطرح کی اسکیم کی ضرورت ہے۔ کریں ٹینکر کی سپالئی Willingness to pay for improved ?Yes No If yes, How much you can pay کیا آپ بہتر (water supply? (please  Rs. 57. ----رقم اگر ہاں تو کتنی رقم نہیں ہاں پینے کا پانی لینے کے لیے کچھ رقم ادا کرنا (چاہیں گے(ٹِک کریں

پینے کے پانی کے عالوہ دوسرے پانی کا استعمال H: USE OF NON DRINKING WATER نہانے ، کپڑے دھونے اور ٹائلٹ میں استعمال ہونے والے پانی سے H1: For Bathing, Washing & Toilet متعلقہ From where Govt. water Private water Motorized Pump Hand Water filter pump/Well گھر obtain water? supply scheme supply within house واٹر Plant گھر کے اندر کے اندر ڈونکی پمپ پرائیویٹ واٹر گورنمنٹ کی واٹر (please ) فلٹر پالنٹ نلکا/کنواں موٹر سپالئی سپالئی پینے کا پانی کہاں .58 سے حاصل کرتے Water Tanker Other, Please Specify (ہیں )ٹِک کریں اگر کسی اور ذریعہ سے پینے کا پانی حاصل کرتے ہیں تو بیان کریں واٹر ٹینکر Not مشکل Difficult آسانی Easy available پانی کی دستیابی(Avlibility of water (please  .59 سے سے دستیاب نہیں

122 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Excellent Satisfact صرف ory بہت ہی اچھی Level of satisfaction In case of unsatisfaction given reason مطمئن طرح towards bathing water 60. غیر مطمئن ہونے کی صورت میں وجہ بیان کریں کس حد تک آپ پانی کے معیار غیر Unsatisfactory سے مطمئن ہیں مطمئن

نہیں No ہاں In case of not satification are you force to use said water? Yes 61. غیر مطمئن ہونے صورت میں کیا آپ اسی پانی کو استعمال کرنے پر مجبور ہیں

جانوروں کے لیے (پینے اور نہانے کے لیے) (H2: Water for Livestock (Drinking/Bathing پانی

From where Govt. water Private water Motorized Pump Hand Water filter pump/Well گھر obtain water? supply scheme supply within house واٹر Plant گھر کے اندر کے اندر ڈونکی پمپ ُپرائیویٹ واٹر گورنمنٹ کی واٹر (please ) فلٹر پالنٹ نلکا/کنواں موٹر سپالئی سپالئی پینے کا پانی کہاں .62 سے حاصل کرتے Water Tanker Other, Please Specify (ہیں )ٹِک کریں اگر کسی اور ذریعہ سے پینے کا پانی حاصل کرتے ہیں تو بیان کریں واٹر ٹینکر Not Easy Difficult ُپانی کی (Avlibility of water (please  63. available مشکل سے آسانی سے دستیابی دستیاب نہیں Do you think that livestock drinking /bathing water is appropriate Yes نہیں livestock,s health? No .64 ہاں کیا آپ سمجھتے ہیں کہ جانوروں کے لیے پانی موزوں ہے Do you have regural practice to take your livestock at canal for drinking Yes نہیں Bathing No/ .65 ہاں کیا آپ جانوروں کو پانی پالنے اور نہالنے کے لیے نہر پر لے کر جاتے ہیں Is there any drinking/bathing pond aviable in or out side of the village Yes نہیں No کیا آپ کے گاؤں یا گاؤں کے باہر جانوروں کے پانی پینے اورنہالنے کے لیے کوئی چھپڑ /پونڈ .66 ہاں ہے Is there any practice to take livestock at that pond. Yes نہیں No .67 ہاں کیا یہاں لوگوں میں جانوروں کو چھپڑ/پونڈ پر جانوروں کو لے جانے کی عادت/پریکٹس ہے

صحت عامہ کے حوالے سے I: HEALTH HYGIENE PRACTICE Awareness on water borne disease? نہیں No ہاں Yes .68 کیا آپ کو پانی سے پیدا ہونے والی بیماریوں کے حوالے سے آگاہی ہے From where you get NGO Doct Govt. Others Specify غیر information on hygiene? Teach 69. or Department کوئی دوسرا بیان کریں سرکاری ا ستاد er صحت عامہ کے حوالے سے حکومتی ادارہ ڈاکٹر تنظیم آپ نے معلومات کہاں سے لیں۔ before after before After eating eating cooking using کیا آپ اپنے ہاتھ (Do you wash hands? (please  Toilet کھانا بنانے کھانے کھانے سے دھوتے ہیں؟ 70 ٹائلٹ سے پہلے کے بعد پہلے استعمال

123 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

کرنے کے بعد

Your suggestions: how government can improve water supply system in marginalized 71. areas? پراجیکٹ کے حوالے تجاویز اور سفارشات

124 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEX IV: WATER SAMPLING PERFORMA

WATER SAMPLING, STORAGE, TRANSPORTATION AND HANDLING

LOG BOOK/CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD

1) SAMPLE COLLECTION

Sampling Location: ______

Date of Sampling: ______

Time of Sampling: ______

Nature of Sample: ______

Sampling Source: ______

Depth of Source: ______

Sampling Point: ______

Type of Sampling: ______

Sample Container: ______

Preservative: ______

Quantity of Sample: ______

Sample Identity: ______

Site/Weather/Geographical Conditions: ______

Temperature pH TDS

Sampling Person: ______

Designation: ______

Signature: ______

Counter Checked by: ______

Signature:

2) SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION

Sample Location: ______

Quantity of Sample: ______

Sample Identity: ______

Sample Storage: ______

125 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Sample Handling Person: ______

Signature: ______

Sample Transportation Mean: ______

Name of Transporter: ______

From: ______To: ______

Date of Transportation: ______

Time of Transportation: ______

3. LABORATORY POSESSION

Sample Location: ______

Sample Delivery Laboratory: ______

Date of Sample Receiving: ______

Time of Sample Receiving: ______

Condition of Seal: ______

Filling of Label: ______

Sample Storage: ______

Laboratory Reference Number: ______

Receiving Person: ______

Designation: ______

Signature: ______

126 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEX V: WATER QUALITY LABORATORY ANALYSIS REPORT

127 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

128 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEX VI: SCHEDULE IV APPLICATION FORM (COPY)

[See Regulation 8(2)(a)]

Punjab Saaf Pani Company, 44 C- Phone: 042-99268274-8 Name and address of 1. I, M.M. Alam Road, Gulberg III, Fax: 042-99268279 proponent Lahore. Telex:

Description of project Installation of 17 RO and 4 UF plants in 21 selected villages of 2. priority tehsil of Hasilpur, district Bahawalpur included in Punjab Saaf Pani Project, Package-2. Location of Project Shortlisted sites/communities located in rural areas of Priority 3. Tehsil of Hasilpur, District, Bahawalpur as given in EIA report. Objectives of Project To make arrangements for the provision of safe drinking water 4. to the under-served areas of tehsil Hasilpur IEE/EIA attached? IEE/EIA✓ : Yes✓/No 5.

Have alternative sites been considered and reported 6. Yes/No✓ in IEE/EIA? Vacant government land Land 7. Existing land use piece available in each Requirement: 1.5 acre selected locality

(only tick yes if the data is reported in the IEE/EIA) Available Measured Yes✓/No Yes/No✓ Is basic site data Meteorology (including 8. available, or has it rainfall) Yes/No✓ Yes/No✓ been measured? Ambient air quality Yes✓/No Yes✓/No Ambient water quality Yes✓/No Yes✓/No Ground water quality

Have estimates of Estimated Reported the following been Water balance Yes✓/No Yes✓/No 9. reported? Solid waste disposal Yes/No✓ Yes/No✓ Liquid waste treatment Yes/No✓ Yes/No✓

Approximately Source of power Main: Solar Power 10. Standby: WAPDA requirement 0.4 kV

Labour force Construction: 10/unit 11. (number) Operation: 4/unit

Verification: I do solemnly affirm and declare that the information given above and contained in the attached IEE/EIA is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Date______

Signature, name and Designation of proponent ______

(with official stamp/seal)

129 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEX VII: LIST OF LOCAL PEOPLE CONSULTED

Sr. Population Village Name Name Father's Name Contact No. No. (2015)

Muhammad Abbas Ali Sher 03048363565

M. Ashraf Qasim Ali 03055591465

1 Chak 65/F 2,481 Muhammad Fafiq Ali Sher 03056266465

M. Asif Faluk Sher 03035462128

Ghulam Yasin M. Sadiq 03073056400

Akram ul Haq Muhammad Ali 0300-7850704

Basher Ahmed Muhammad Hussain 0343-6973014

2 Chak 57/F 3,264 Mullazim Hussain fateh Deen 0308-6575055

Kamran Shokat Layaqat Ali 0345-8741645 0301- Abdul Khaliq Abdul Hameed 65990557 Sikandir Azam M. Sharif 03066842075

Mubashir M. Arshad 03437115875 Chak No 3 2,124 Abdul Qayyum Muhammad Hussain 03339775308 075/FATEH Azhar Ali Asghar Ali 03347113504

M. Yousaf Ali Muhammad 03042491654

Akhtar Ali Manzoor Ahmad 03468836248

Sadaqat Hussain Abdul Haq 03042689974 Chak 4 3,346 148/Murad Sohail Karim Abdul Karim 03023790348

Bashir Ahmad Miran Bukhsh 03046738365

M. Anwer M. Sadiq 03039363392

Ismat Ullah M. Ali 03458825192 Chak 5 2,817 192/Murad M. Yaqoob Allah Ditta 03468841192

Waqas Ahmad M. Abbas 03082027425

130 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Sr. Population Village Name Name Father's Name Contact No. No. (2015)

Nafees Ahmad Tariq Mehmood 03006809033 Chak 6 2,532 Akhtar Ali Ghulam Muhammad 03048255023 184/Murad M. Mansha Ghulam Muhammad 03458828555

Tanveer Ahmad M. Rafique 03005242702

Imran ul Haq M. Muneer 03004076573 Chak 7 2,531 187/Murad M. Hussain M. Bashir 03007859987

Mukhtar Ahmad M. Sadiq -

M. Usman Rashid Abdul Rashid 03027854018

Bashir Ahmad Akhtar M. Ali 03217986400

Chak No 8 4,618 Abdul Rasheed M. Sharif 03007853834 017/FORD

Rashid Mehmood M. Sadiq 03038711516

M. Umar M. Farooq 03317873117

Naseem Abbas Fazil Hussain 03006805325

Malik Mazhar Hussain Malik Nazar Hussain 03007805803

Chak No 9 4,505 Raza Mustafa Saeed Ahmad 3024150223 013/FORD

M. Aslam Ilahi Bukhsh 03016850412

Mubarak ali Ismat Ullah 03024508183

Munawar Hussain M. Sadiq 03462084214

Abdul Majeed M. Bukhsh 03017784381

Chak 10 3,436 M. Abdulla Munawar Hussain 03004114185 188/Murad

M. Waseem M. Ilyas 03017784381

M. Yaqoob Rahim Bukhsh 03007851649

131 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Sr. Population Village Name Name Father's Name Contact No. No. (2015)

M. Imran Rashid Abdur Rashid 03012202447

Nasir Iqbal Nazir Ahmad 03007877189

Chak 11 2,374 M. Asghar M. Sharif - 189/Murad

Shahid Iqbal Niaz Ahmad -

Ghulam Hussain M. Hayat -

Ansar Mehmood Abdul Ghani 03007851311

Irfan Saleem M. Saleem 03048111341

12 Chak 19 Ford 2,122 M. Shabbir Ahmad Ghulam Muhammad -

Liaqat Ali Qamar Din -

M. Amin M. Shafi -

M. Sarfaraz M. Yousaf 03237053605

M. Asif M. Iqbal 03056402378

13 Chak 20 Ford 2,881 M. Iqbal M. Ismail 03007178024

Haji Sher Phulo Khan 03017303670

Manzoor Ahmad Khan Muhammad 03007850432

Tariq Mehmood Maqbool Ahmad 03436155061

Abdul Razzaq Umar Din 03069414055

Chak 161 14 3,798 Bashir Ahmad M. Sadiq 03437022056 Murad

M. Ishfaq Abdur Rehman 03069473754

M. Aslam M. Shafi 03406527014

132 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEX VIII: LIST OF OFFICIAL STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED

Department Name Official Stakeholders Consulted

Administration Department: 1. Captain (R)SaqibZaffar (Commissioner) 2. Imran SikanderBalooch (DCO) 3. Sheikh QasimShakeel (TMO) 4. Syed Rashid Aziz (TO, Regulation)

Public Health Engineering 1. BaqarRiffatGardazi (XEN) Department : 2. Ehsaan Nawaz (SE)

Irrigation Department : 1. Malik SadiqHussain (Technical Manager) 2. Malik Muhammad Arshad (SDO)

Tehsil Municipal 1. Sheikh QasimShakeel (TMA) Administration : Infrastructure Department: 1. Hamid Hafeez (TO)

Live Stock & Dairy 1. Muhammad Safdar (Senior Officer) Development Department:

Other Office: 1. Divisional Forest office Hasilpur 2. District Office Fishries

133 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEX IX: CHECKLISTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

1. Checklist for Camp Site

Description Status Notes

Is the camp layout according to the design documents? Yes

Has the campsite been selected in consultation with the Yes consultants’ environmental team No

Have the photographs been taken to record the pre camping Yes conditions? No

Are there any settlements within 500 meters of the campsite Yes

Has the camp been established in the existing clearings / Yes designated area? No

Was the hunting, fishing, or capturing wildlife, or discharging Yes fireman avoided No

Was the harassment or pushing of wildlife avoided Yes

Was the disposal of waste material in the protected area avoided

Has any vegetation been cleared? Yes

If yes, is the vegetation loss significant? Yes

No If yes, have mitigation measures been discussed and agreed? Yes

Has any trees felled? Yes

134 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Description Status Notes

Has the topsoil been removed and stored separately? Yes

Have the trees or bushes been burnt? Yes

Have bushes been disposed of in a water body or dry Yes streambed? No

Has the natural drainage been disturbed or blocked? Yes

Has the septic tank been built for sewerage? Yes

Has the sump been built for wastewater disposal? Yes

Has the sump been built in absorbent soil? Yes

Has the sump been built down-slope from the camp? Yes

Is the sump covered, in order to reduce access of insects and Yes animals? No

Do the fuel storage facilities have adequate secondary Yes containments arrangements in case of leakage or spilling? No

Is the concrete pad has been constructed for fuel, oils and Yes other chemical liquid transfer No

Is the firefighting equipment available near fuel storage area/ Yes

135 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Description Status Notes

Is the fuel storage downwind and down slope of the camp? Yes

Is there any other combustible or flammable material in the Yes fuel storage area? No

Are the fuel tanks properly marked with their contents? Yes

Signature Date ______

Consultants’ Environmentalist:

______

Contractor’s Environmentalist:

______

136 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

2. Checklist for Construction Work Site

Description Status Notes

Is the construction site layout is according to the design Yes documents? No

Has the construction site selected in consultation with the Yes consultants’ environmental team No

Have the photographs been taken to record the pre-construction Yes conditions? No

Are there any settlements within 500 meters of the construction Yes

Has the construction site been established in the existing Yes clearings or designated site No

Was the hunting, fishing, or capturing wildlife, or discharging Yes fireman avoided No

Was the harassment or pushing of wildlife avoided Yes

Has any vegetation been cleared? Yes

If yes, is the vegetation loss significant? Yes

Yes If yes, have mitigation measures been discussed and agreed? No

Has any trees felled? Yes

Has the excavated earth / silt disposed of properly? Yes

137 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

Description Status Notes

Does the borrowed earth used for filling meet the specifications Yes

Has the natural drainage been disturbed or blocked? Yes

Has the sump been built for wastewater disposal? Yes

Is the sump covered, in order to reduce access of insects and Yes animals? No

Do the fuel storage facilities have adequate secondary Yes containments arrangements in case of leakage or spilling? No

Is the concrete pad has be constructed for fuel, oils and other Yes chemical liquid transfer No

Is the firefighting equipment available near fuel storage area/ Yes

Is the fuel storage downwind and down slope of the camp? Yes

Is there any other combustible or flammable material in the fuel Yes storage area? No

Are the fuel tanks properly marked with their contents? Yes

Signature:______Date:______

Consultants’ Environmentalist: ______

Contractor’s Environmentalist: ______

138 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2

ANNEX X: TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

The Company: Government of the Punjab is committed to developing sustainable drinking water supply solutions for the entire population, especially the underserved areas i.e., rural, semi-urban and peri-urban areas, with saline and/or contaminated water sources. The Employer is a public sector company, incorporated under Section 42 of the Companies Ordinance 1984, wholly owned by the Government of Punjab. The Company has the mandate to plan, design, execute and manage projects for provision of safe drinking water in the underserved areas i.e. rural, semi-urban, peri-urban areas of the province. The Saaf Pani Project is being rolled out through the Employer.

The Project: The Employer intends to develop projects of safe drinking water supply to the under-served i.e., rural, semi-urban and peri-urban population, using localized and customized solutions, with regard to sources and supply options and sustainable O &M models with community engagement and participation. The option would be determined by the quality of existing water sources, availability of infrastructure, population densities and level of community participation. In phase 1, the areas which are worst affected in terms of contamination level and non-availability of water supply system will be taken up for interventions.

 Safe drinking water is water with microbial, chemical and physical characteristics that meet WHO guidelines or national standards on drinking water quality;

 Access to drinking water means that the source is less than 1 kilometer away from its place of use and that it is possible to reliably obtain at least 4 liters safe drinking water per member of a household per day;

Scope of Assignment: The Problem of drinking water supply is very diverse and complex in nature and demands varying engineering, institutional and O and M solutions. One size does not fit all. These multiple options for different locations would depend upon the level of contamination, demographic and health related profiles and on the availability of existing water source.

Isolated and standalone interventions, scattered all over the province does not have the desired impact, in spite of the fact that expenditure and asset creation worth billions of rupees is made every year by the Government of Punjab. The employer is of the considered view that a system based, integrative and holistic approach needs to be adopted. Strategic coordination and collaboration with all actors such as PHED, LG and CD, TMAs, private sector and CBOs is imperative.

Since the problem in a province of almost 100 million is gigantic and would not be solved in the short term, there is a need to prioritize the interventions. In order to select a group/ cluster of districts, which need urgent interventions, the Employer has developed a framework and gathered data to develop a list of priority districts on the basis of a need assessment in terms of contamination situation, water borne diseases, poverty and coverage of rural water supply schemes. The Consultant would conduct water quality testing and basis social survey on the locations identified for developing schemes and solutions, before detailed engineering

139 Engineering Management Consultants for Punjab Saaf Pani Project – Package-2 designing for the feasible solutions to develop new water supply systems and improve or rehabilitate the existing ones. Engineering and O&M solutions for improving quality of drinking water currently being supplied through the existing water supply schemes, water filtration plants in the rural as well as small urban areas are to be identified and designed by the Consultant.

The consultancy will be carried out for Package-2 that includes the following districts.  Bahawalpur,  Bahawalnagar,  Lodhran and  Rahim Yar Khan.

Tasks and Deliverables:

TASK 3 (c)- Environmental Impact Assessments

The Consultant shall be required to carry out EIA or IEE after screening of projects as per IEE/EIA Review Regulations 2000, under the Punjab Environmental Protection Act, 1997 for all investments in the Package Area. This shall include all steps, including public consultations and any amendments if required, as well as preparation of Environmental Management Plans.

Deliverables 3 (c):

Submission of IEE/EIA Reports.

140