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Analysis of a Full-Bridge Direct Ac-Ac Boost Converter Based Domestic Induction Heater

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Analysis of a Full-Bridge Direct Ac-Ac Boost Converter Based Domestic Induction Heater Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn.– Électrotechn. et Énerg. Vol. 64, 3, pp. 223–228, Bucarest, 2019 ANALYSIS OF A FULL-BRIDGE DIRECT AC-AC BOOST CONVERTER BASED DOMESTIC INDUCTION HEATER AVIJIT CHAKRABORTY1, ARIJIT CHAKRABARTI2, PRADIP KUMAR SADHU2 Key words: Induction heating, Insulated gate bipolar transistor, Switching loss, Duty cycle, Zero-voltage switching (ZVS). Induction heating is now gradually emerging as a very reliable technology for providing faster heating in domestic and various industrial applications. It finds profound acceptability in the appliances like domestic induction cookers regarding its advantages of very fast heating, efficiency, accurate power and temperature control. Any induction heating system requires three major components, a high frequency power converter, resonant tank circuit and control circuit respectively. Recently, new research trends in the field of domestic induction heating pursue the design and implementation of new bridgeless topologies to make efficient and cost-effective domestic induction heaters. In this paper, a highly efficient direct ac-ac boost converter based induction heater is proposed employing a full-bridge series resonant inverter (FB-SRI) with insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) as the power electronic switch. Power requirement of the induction heater is continuously regulated using a closed loop control system. The proposed inverter incorporates a voltage boost control technique using only two diodes for rectification of the main supply voltage. After maintaining proper sequence of firing the IGBTs, the converter can operate with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) during both switch-on and switch-off conditions. The performance of the proposed induction heating system is later compared with a conventional full-bridge (FB) series resonant inverter (SRI) based induction heater. The entire analysis is simulated using PSIM software environment. generates heat energy inside the work-piece while it 1. INTRODUCTION penetrated by the magnetic field. For low power Recently, induction-heating process has gained a lot of applications single switch resonant inverters are used, while popularity in various fields for its faster heating technique for medium and high power applications half-bridge and [1]. Domestic induction heater is regarded as one of the full-bridge resonant inverters are used. Figure 1 shows the most common appliances of induction heating system. general block diagram of different components of a Induction heating technology is gaining popularity because domestic induction heating system. In this paper, a boost of its various attracting features like fast heating, pollution converter based full-bridge direct ac-ac domestic induction free, reliable, cost-effective and efficient operation. heating system is proposed and its performance is explained Recently, new research trends in the field of induction mathematically and also finally its performance is heating is approaching towards the innovation and compared with conventional full-bridge resonant inverter developments of various types of direct ac-ac induction based induction heater. The proposed domestic induction heating systems [2, 3]. Such induction heating system uses heating system is shown in Fig. 2. This converter has the reduced number of power semiconductor switching devices ability to supply more power compared to half bridge and other circuit components compared to conventional topology. It reduces voltage stress and current stress on the induction heating system. Moreover, such induction heating switches and thereby reduces both switching and systems can operate with a wide range of operating conduction losses. frequencies between 50 and 180 kHz. In most of the cases, single switch quasi-resonant inverter topology is used for low power applications [4], for medium power applications, half-bridge inverter topology is extensively used [5], whereas, for some medium and high power applications single or multi-output full-bridge inverter topology is Fig. 1 – Block diagram of different components of a conventional induction comprehensively used [6, 7]. Recently, to achieve very heater. accurate power control in different domestic induction heating systems, different intelligent based control techniques are successfully implemented [8, 9]. Any classical conventional induction heating systems consists of two major components, a full-bridge uncontrolled rectifier system along with a resonant inverter. The full-bridge uncontrolled rectifier initially converts utility frequency ac voltage to dc voltage. A small dc link capacitor is used to make the input power factor close to unity. This high ripple dc link voltage is fed to the input of the resonant inverter producing very high frequency current passing through the working coil. This high frequency Fig. 2 – Direct ac-ac boost converter based domestic induction heater. current generates high frequency magnetic field and 1Research Scholar in Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad - 826004, India, E-mail: [email protected] 2Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad - 826004, India. 224 Full-bridge ac-ac boost converter based induction heater 2 2. PRINCIPLE OF OPEARTION OF DIRECT AC-AC FULL-BRIDGE SERIES RESONANT INVERTER (FB-SRI) The boost type ac-ac converter based induction heating system is shown in Fig. 2. It consists of four IGBTs (Q1- Q4) as main power semi-conductor switches. IGBTs are used instead of MOSFETs due to low on state voltage drop, less conduction loss and better power handling capability. It also consists of a dc link capacitor Cb , an input source inductor Ls , two diodes DH and DL, a resonant capacitor Fig. 4 – Main Waveforms regarding the boost operation of the proposed AC- C and a series R-L combination as the resonant load. The AC boost converter based domestic induction heating system. converter is fed from an ac source Vs at its input. The input ac supply is initially rectified by the diode bridge rectifier voltageVs . In this mode, the output voltage Vo and current consists of two diodes DH and DL and this rectified voltage I are negative. This mode is shown in Fig. 3. is applied to the input of the full-bridge inverter. In the o Mode III: proposed system voltage boost operation is performed by This mode starts when the negative half cycle begins and input inductor Ls and dc link capacitor Cb . Rs is the the input ac voltage Vs is rectified by the diode DL and the internal resistance of the source inductor L . Figure 3 is s switches Q2 and Q3 are in the on condition. In this mode showing different modes of operations. the input inductor L receives energy from the ac source Mode I: s through the diode DL. At the same time, already charged dc This mode occurs for the positive half cycle ofV , when s link capacitor C also discharges through the induction the switches Q1 and Q4 are turned on. During this, the ac b heating RL load as shown in Fig. 3. The load current is voltage V is first rectified by the diode DH and the input s assumed to be flowing in the negative direction so that the source inductor L is energized from this rectified voltage. s output voltageVo is also considered to be negative. At the Besides, already charged dc link capacitor Cb also end of this mode Q2 and Q3 are turned off. discharges through the induction heating RL load. The load Mode IV: current is assumed to be flowing in the positive direction This mode also occurs during the negative half cycle of and as such the output voltageVo is also considered to be the ac source voltage Vs , when the switch Q4 is once again positive. At the end of this mode, Q1 and Q4 are turned off. turned on. During this mode the inductor Ls reverses its polarity immediately after Q2 and Q3 are turned off and the Mode II: energy stored in it is exchanged to the dc link capacitor C This mode also occurs during the positive half cycle of b and charges it in the same direction as before and like mode V , when the switch Q3 is turned on. During this, the s 1, the output voltage across the resonant load once again inductor L reverses its polarity immediately after Q1 and s becomes greater than the source voltageVs due to the Q4 are turned off and the energy stored in it is exchanged to voltage boost operation after addition of the voltage of the dc link capacitor C and charges it and moreover, the b Ls with the source voltage Vs . In this mode, the output output voltage across the resonant load becomes greater voltage Vo and current Io are positive as shown in Fig. 3. than the source voltageVs due to the voltage boost operation after addition of the voltage of Ls with the source 3. VOLTAGE AND CURRENT STRESSES OF THE SWITCHES The stress voltage appears across each switching device (Q1–Q4) during turning off conditions as represented by the following equations VQ1stress 2Vs (1a) VQ2stress 2Vs (1b) 2Vs V (1c) Q3stress 1 d Fig. 3 – Different modes of operation of the proposed direct ac-ac induction 2Vs heater. V (1d) Q4stress 1 d 3 Avijit Chakraborty, Arijit Chakrabarti, Pradip Kumar Sadhu 225 On the other hand, current stresses through each I s I . (7) switching device (Q1–Q4) during turning off conditions can s 2 be represented by the following equations If the input power factor of the proposed induction i i Q1stress Q4stress heating system is unity, then the input power Pin can be I V V (2a) expressed as follows I s s c edTs sin dT s r s P V I . 2 r L in s s (8) Now, for CCM, as from equation (7), the desired condition can be expressed as iQ2stress iQ3stress Pin Vs I V V (2b) dTs , (9) I s s c1 edTs sin dT V 2L s 2 L r s s s r which can be further expressed as where 2 1 Vs Pin dTs .
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