Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Ephemeroptera
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Stream Insects of the Pacific Northwest
Stream Insects of the Pacific Northwest Patrick Edwards 2008 Acknowledgments - Jeff Adams, Rick Hafele, Dr. Ian Waite and Dr. Robert W. Wisseman for sharing their knowledge of aquatic insects. Dr. Trygve Steen for his inspiration and expert advice on photography. Graphic Design by Elaine Lowry. All Images by Patrick Edwards except Dr. Trygve Steen: Cover Images Morgan Mulkey: image 1.23 Gretchen Snyder: image 2.17 Kim Motylewski: image 3.02b Mike Clapp, Cam Jr. H.S.: images 4.15 & 5.04 Jeff Adams: image 6.04a & 6.04b Copyright Patrick Edwards, 2008 Published by: Center for Science Education Portland State University Contact: [email protected] 503-725-8303 Cover: ©2008 by Dr. Trygve Steen Front cover: Opal Creek Back cover: Battle Ax Creek Both in the Opal Creek Scenic Recreation Area Stream Insects of the Pacific Northwest CONTENTS 3 Introduction 4 Aquatic Insect Morphology 6 Streamside Identification 8 Aquatic Insect Orders 12 Other Invertebrates 13 Mayflies 20 Caddisflies 28 Stoneflies 35 Others Invertebrates Purpose This field guide is designed for streamside identification of aquatic insects commonly found in streams of the Pacific Northwest. It is intended to support studies where the goal is to identify aquatic insects in the field and return them to the stream unharmed. There are many reasons for conducting non-lethal bioassessment. It may be logistically simpler and quicker to return specimens to the stream rather than bringing them to the lab for identification, some groups may not want to preserve insects, or in many cases the characteristics that are most indicative of a particular invertebrate family may be best exhibited by a live specimen. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION A BRIEF HISTORY OF MAYFLY of larvae could be made by the investigator, who did CLASSIFICATION not know the taxonomic significance of many characters shown on them. Many supraspecies taxa established by Eaton were natural, although they did In the early classifications (Linnaeus 1758, et al.) all not have sufficient diagnoses. mayflies, constituting a single holophyletic genus Later (Lestage 1917, et al.) ephemeropterologists Ephemera Linnaeus 1758 (placed to artificial order paid more and more attention to larval characters Neuroptera), were divided into two groups according rather than to imaginal ones, and established classifi- to the number of imaginal caudalii – 3 or 2. Each of cations based mainly or solely on larval characters. these groups was actually polyphyletic. The imagi- Since the artificial Linnaean order Neuroptera nal paracercus is developed in the majority of Euro- was completely divided into smaller natural orders pean Furcatergaliae and vestigial in the majority of (the process started by Burmeister 1829, and European Tridentiseta and Branchitergaliae; thus if finished by Packard 1886 and Handlirsch 1903), one studies superficially the European species only, mayflies got ordinal rank and were divided into a an impression could appear that this character allows number of families and superfamilies, which in large one to divide mayflies into natural groups. However, degree corresponded to sections, series and groups more detailed examination of mayflies reveals that proposed by Eaton (1883–1888) to the former family representatives with 3 and 2 caudalii occur in many Ephemeridae. Basing mainly on larval characters, evidently holophyletic taxa (see Index of characters authors of new classifications changed many of [2.3.20]). -
Microsoft Outlook
Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA). -
Arthropod Prey for Riparian Associated Birds in Headwater Forests of the Oregon Coast Range ⇑ Joan C
Forest Ecology and Management 285 (2012) 213–226 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Arthropod prey for riparian associated birds in headwater forests of the Oregon Coast Range ⇑ Joan C. Hagar a, , Judith Li b,1, Janel Sobota b,1, Stephanie Jenkins c,2 a US Geological Survey Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States b Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Nash Hall, Room #104, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, United States c Oregon State University, Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States article info abstract Article history: Headwater riparian areas occupy a large proportion of the land base in Pacific Northwest forests, and thus Received 11 May 2012 are ecologically and economically important. Although a primary goal of management along small head- Received in revised form 16 August 2012 water streams is the protection of aquatic resources, streamside habitat also is important for many ter- Accepted 19 August 2012 restrial wildlife species. However, mechanisms underlying the riparian associations of some terrestrial Available online 21 September 2012 species have not been well studied, particularly for headwater drainages. We investigated the diets of and food availability for four bird species associated with riparian habitats in montane coastal forests Keywords: of western Oregon, USA. We examined variation in the availability of arthropod prey as a function of dis- Aquatic-terrestrial interface tance from stream. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that (1) emergent aquatic insects were a food Arthropod prey Forest birds source for insectivorous birds in headwater riparian areas, and (2) the abundances of aquatic and terres- Headwater streams trial arthropod prey did not differ between streamside and upland areas during the bird breeding season. -
Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) of Wisconsin
The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 8 Number 4 - Winter 1975 Number 4 - Winter Article 5 1975 December 1975 Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) of Wisconsin R. Wills Flowers A & M University William L. Hilsenhoff University of Wisconsin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Flowers, R. Wills and Hilsenhoff, William L. 1975. "Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) of Wisconsin," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 8 (4) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol8/iss4/5 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Flowers and Hilsenhoff: Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) of Wisconsin THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST HEPTAGENllDAE (EPHEMEROPTERA) OF WISCONSIN' R. Wills ~lowers~and William L. ~ilsenhoffj Heptageniidae are one of the most abundant and widespread components of Wisconsin's aquatic insect fauna. In almost any stream with a firm substrate and free of gross pollution, the flattened nymphs can be found hiding in crevasses and under rocks, or clinging to submerged wood. Adults and nymphs are easily distinguished from mayflies of other families, nymphs by their dorsoventrally flattened head and dorsal eyes, and adults by their 5-segmented tarsi and complete wing veination. This paper presents our knowledge to date of Heptageniidae in Wisconsin. Early studies of Heptageniidae and other mayflies are summarized by Burks (1953). The original classification of Heptageniidae was based on the adult male, particularly length ratios of fore tarsal segments. -
The Mayfly Newsletter
The Mayfly Newsletter Volume 13 Issue 1 Article 1 12-1-2003 The Mayfly Newsletter Peter M. Grant Southwestern Oklahoma State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mayfly Recommended Citation Grant, Peter M. (2003) "The Mayfly Newsletter," The Mayfly Newsletter: Vol. 13 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mayfly/vol13/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Newsletters at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Mayfly Newsletter by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE MAYFLY NEWSLETTER Vol. 13 No. 1 Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, Oklahoma 73096-3098 USA December 2003 2004 Joint International Conference Colleagues: XI International Conference on The faculty and staff at the Flathead Lake Biological Ephemeroptera Station (FLBS) are pleased to host the 2004 XV International Symposium on Plecoptera-Ephemeroptera Conferences. FLBS is Plecoptera located on the east shore of Flathead Lake. Our facilities include fully-equipped labs and accommodations to house and feed up to 100 people. 22-29 August 2004 A mid-meeting tour is scheduled to our floodplain research site on the Middle Fork of the Flathead Flathead Lake Biological Station River. We have recently been awarded a $2.6M NSF grant to work on biogeochemical cycling and The University of Montana biodiversity relationships on this big gravel-bed flood Poison, Montana, USA plain and look forward to showcasing this project. -
An Annotated List of Insects and Other Arthropods
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Invertebrates of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Western Cascade Range, Oregon. V: An Annotated List of Insects and Other Arthropods Gary L Parsons Gerasimos Cassis Andrew R. Moldenke John D. Lattin Norman H. Anderson Jeffrey C. Miller Paul Hammond Timothy D. Schowalter U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland, Oregon November 1991 Parson, Gary L.; Cassis, Gerasimos; Moldenke, Andrew R.; Lattin, John D.; Anderson, Norman H.; Miller, Jeffrey C; Hammond, Paul; Schowalter, Timothy D. 1991. Invertebrates of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, western Cascade Range, Oregon. V: An annotated list of insects and other arthropods. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-290. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 168 p. An annotated list of species of insects and other arthropods that have been col- lected and studies on the H.J. Andrews Experimental forest, western Cascade Range, Oregon. The list includes 459 families, 2,096 genera, and 3,402 species. All species have been authoritatively identified by more than 100 specialists. In- formation is included on habitat type, functional group, plant or animal host, relative abundances, collection information, and literature references where available. There is a brief discussion of the Andrews Forest as habitat for arthropods with photo- graphs of representative habitats within the Forest. Illustrations of selected ar- thropods are included as is a bibliography. Keywords: Invertebrates, insects, H.J. Andrews Experimental forest, arthropods, annotated list, forest ecosystem, old-growth forests. -
Ephemeroptera of Canada
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 819: 211–225 (2019) Ephemeroptera of Canada 211 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.819.26411 REVIEW ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Ephemeroptera of Canada Luke M. Jacobus1 1 Division of Science, Indiana University Purdue University Columbus, 4601 Central Avenue, Columbus, Indiana 47203, USA Corresponding author: Luke M. Jacobus ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Langor | Received 3 May 2018 | Accepted 9 July 2018 | Published 24 January 2019 http://zoobank.org/BDB88C5A-F09C-4F36-B55E-796DAF35B6B4 Citation: Jacobus LM (2019) Ephemeroptera of Canada. In: Langor DW, Sheffield CS (Eds) The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 211–225.https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.819.26411 Abstract Thus far, 335 currently valid species in 82 genera and 21 families of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) have been documented from Canada, remarkably representing a little more than half of the combined species richness of Canada, Mexico and the USA. The current known species richness for Canada represents an increase of 11.3% as compared to that reported in 1979. Species richness is greatest in the families Heptageniidae (83), Baetidae (76) and Ephemerellidae (45). A total of 328 DNA Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) are available for Canadian mayfly species. The greatest net gains anticipated for future species tallies are for Baetidae (25), Heptageniidae (10) and Leptophlebiidae (10). A total of 66 more species overall is anticipated for Canada, with greatest gains potentially coming from lentic habitats across Canada and from far eastern and far western areas in general. -
Life History Studies of Cinygma Integrum Eaton (Ephemeroptera:Heptageniidae) and Other Mayflies Associated with Wood Substrates in Oregon Streams
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Christine Rosabelle Dolores Pereira for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology presented on 7 August 1980 Title: Life History Studies of Cinygma integrum Eaton (Ephemeroptera:Heptageniidae) and Other Mayflies Associated with Wood Substrates in Oregon Streams Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy Dr. N. H. Anderson Wood debris serves an important substrate for macroinverte- brates in streams. Particle size reduction due to feeding and other activities can be an important role of the fauna in wood degradation. In this study the Ephemeroptera associated with wood were investigated, with the objective of assessing their impactin the degradation process. Emphasis was placed on Cinygma integrum Eaton which appeared to be the only mayfly that showed a predilec- tion for wood substrates. The abundance of mayfly larvae on wood at Berry Creek, Benton County, Oregon was compared with that on stones and composite sub- strates (kick samples) for one year. Nine taxa were encountered. Proportions on wood compared with other substrates were: C. integrum, 76%; Baetis, 46%; Ironodes nitidus (Eaton), 43%. Although Baetis was the most abundant species on wood, it was also common on the other substrates. It uses wood for attachment and as an emer- gence platform--activities that have little effect onwood degrada- tion. C. integrum and I. nitidus showed feeding habits that are related to wood decomposition. Their mouth parts are adapted for scraping the aufwuchs on wood substrates. Epeorus (Iron), Cinygmula and Rhithrogena were less associated with wood substrates, apparently exploiting similar food resources on mineral substrates. Three methods of analysis revealed that C. -
Deliverable No. 189 Indicator Value Database for Ephemeroptera –Phase I Report
Project no. GOCE-CT-2003-505540 Project acronym: Euro-limpacs Project full name: Integrated Project to evaluate the Impacts of Global Change on European Freshwater Ecosystems Instrument type: Integrated Project Priority name: Sustainable Development Start date of project: 1 February 2004 Duration: 5 Years Task 4 Institution names: UDE, BOKU, ALTERRA, CEH, CNR, MasUniv, NERI, SLU, UGR, CNRS-UPS Deliverable No. 189 Indicator value database for Ephemeroptera –Phase I Report Due date of deliverable: Month 36 Actual submission date: 31/1/2007 Compiled by: Armanini D.G., Buffagni A., Cazzola M. (CNR-IRSA) Other contributors to this deliverable: SLU – Lücke S., Sandin L, CEH – Murphy J., Davies C. UGR – Alba-Tercedor J., López Rodríguez M.J. UniEssen – Rolauffs P., Hering D. BOKU – Schmidt-Kloiber A. CNR-IRSA – Erba S. Index of Phase I Report on Ephemeroptera bibliographic database page 1 Introduction 3 2 Ephemeroptera bibliographic search and compilation of the reference database 4 2.1 Ephemeroptera bibliographic search 4 2.2 Citations management 5 2.3 Digitalization of the Ephemeroptera bibliographic database 6 2.4 Ephemeroptera bibliographic database description 6 3 Autoecological matrix compilation 9 3.1 Ephemeroptera autoecological matrix: description 10 3.1.1 Data supply for different geographical areas 11 3.1.2 Expert comment 11 3.1.3 Final summary 11 3.2 Ephemeroptera autoecological matrix: examples 12 3.2.1 Baetidae 12 3.2.2 Caenidae 14 3.2.3 Ephemeridae 15 3.2.4 Preliminary remarks on literature review 16 4 Methods for the autoecological field data analysis 18 4.1 Micro-habitat scale preferences for flow and substrate types for selected Ephemeroptera species: examples 21 5 Timetable 25 6 Conclusions 25 - Acknowledgments 26 7 References 26 Annex 1: Ephemeroptera references collected 27-146 2 1 Introduction This preliminary (Phase I) report on the Ephemeroptera database is part of the activities of the Eurolimpacs project Work Package 7 (Indicators of Ecosystem Health). -
Evolution and Phylogeny of Basal Winged Insects With
EVOLUTION AND PHYLOGENY OF BASAL WINGED INSECTS WITH EMPHASIS ON MAYFLIES (EPHEMEROPTERA) By T. Heath Ogden A dissertation submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Integrative Biology Brigham Young University December 2004 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of dissertation submitted by T. Heath Ogden This dissertation has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. __________________________ ________________________________________ Date Michael F. Whiting, Chair __________________________ ________________________________________ Date Keith A. Crandall __________________________ ________________________________________ Date Jack W. Sites __________________________ ________________________________________ Date Richard W. Baumann __________________________ ________________________________________ Date Michel Sartori BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY As chair of the candidate’s graduate committee, I have read the dissertation of T. Heath Ogden in its final form and have found that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographical style are consistent and acceptable and fulfill university and department style requirements; (2) its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the graduate committee and is ready for submission to the university library. __________________________ ________________________________________ -
BIG LAGOON WETLAND and CREEK RESTORATION PROJECT, MUIR BEACH, CALIFORNIA PART I. SITE ANALYSIS REPORT Prepared for the Nationa
BIG LAGOON WETLAND AND CREEK RESTORATION PROJECT, MUIR BEACH, CALIFORNIA PART I. SITE ANALYSIS REPORT Prepared for The National Park Service Prepared by Philip Williams & Associates, Ltd. with Stillwater Sciences, John Northmore Roberts & Associates, and The Point Reyes Bird Observatory September 26, 2003 PWA Ref. # 1664.02 Services provided pursuant to this Agreement are intended solely for the use and benefit of the National Park Service. No other person or entity shall be entitled to rely on the services, opinions, recommendations, plans or specifications provided pursuant to this agreement without the express written consent of Philip Williams & Associates, Ltd., 720 California Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94108. P:\Projects\1664-00-Big Lagoon\Task2_Site_Analysis\FinalReport-Sept26_2003\1664.02_FinalReport-aeb.doc 09/29/03 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. HISTORICAL (PRE-EUROAMERICAN) CONDITIONS 3 2.1 Physical Landscape & Processes 3 2.2 Pre-Euroamerican Ecology 5 2.2.1 Riparian 6 2.2.2 Seasonally Brackish Lagoon 6 2.2.3 Tidal Lagoon 7 2.2.4 Upland: Beach Dunes and Hillsides 7 2.2.5 Fish Communities 7 2.2.6 Other Wildlife 8 2.2.6.1 Invertebrates 8 2.2.6.2 Reptiles and Amphibians 9 2.2.6.3 Birds 9 2.2.6.4 Mammals 10 3. CHANGES FROM PRE-EUROAMERICAN PERIOD TO PRESENT 12 3.1 Land Use Changes 12 3.1.1 Pre-Euroamerican Period 12 3.1.2 1817-1920: Resource Extraction 12 3.1.3 1920-1980: Agriculture and Residential Development 13 3.1.4 1980-Present: Residential and Recreational Use 15 3.2 Physical Process Changes 15 3.2.1 1817-1900: Lagoon Filling 15 3.2.2 1900-1980: Diking and Channelization 16 3.2.3 1980-Present: Rapid Channel Aggradation and Flooding 16 3.3 Ecological Changes 18 3.3.1 Changes in Vegetation 18 3.3.1.1 Uplands 18 3.3.1.2 Wetlands 19 3.3.1.3 Riparian 20 3.3.1.4 Dunes 20 3.3.2 Changes in Wildlife 20 3.3.3 Changes in Fish Communities 21 3.4 Visual Character - Pre-Euroamerican through Present 23 4.