In Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Palestine
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Press and Cultural Freedom In Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Palestine Annual Report 2013 SKeyes Center for Media and Cultural Freedom Samir Kassir Foundation Cover picture: This report is dedicated to James Foley, Edouard Elias, Samir Kassab, Austin Tice, Nicolas Hénin, Pierre Torres, Javier Espinosa, Ricardo Garcia Vilanova, Didier François, Isaac Moctar, Bashar Fehmi Al-Qadoumi, and all other journalists kidnapped while covering the conflict in Syria. © 2014 Samir Kassir Foundation Address: 63 Zahrani Street, Sioufi, Ashrafieh, Beirut - Lebanon Tel/Fax: (961)-1-397331 Email: [email protected] http://www.skeyesmedia.org The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the Samir Kassir Foundation and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Translation: Nada Sleiman English editing: Eric Reidy Graphic design: Jamal Awada Printing: Chemaly & Chemaly, Beirut PRESS AND CULTURAL FREEDOM IN 2013 - LEBANON, SYRIA, JORDAN AND PALESTINE Contents FOREWORD 5 SKEYES IN 2013 7 LEBANON 11 SYRIA 22 SYRIA - CULTURAL SPOTLIGHT 38 JORDAN 40 PALESTINE 44 PALESTINE - CULTURAL SPOTLIGHT 59 PROSPECTS 61 FRENCH VERSION 65 3 PRESS AND CULTURAL FREEDOM IN 2013 - LEBANON, SYRIA, JORDAN AND PALESTINE Foreword Breaking the Silence Ayman Mhanna In 2013, the SKeyes Center continued its consistent monitoring of violations against media and cultural actors in the Levant region. If the nature of these violations has not changed over the last three years, their intensity and the level of violence involved have increased dramatically. The pages of this report are full of details about the killings in Syria, where more than 140 journalists, citizen journalists, writers, artists, and intellectuals lost their lives in 2013. Also, dozens of media professionals were kidnapped while trying to tell the world about the suffering of the Syrian people and the horrific battles in various regions of Syria. In Lebanon, radical demonstrators and partisan activists, who feel stronger than the state and mightier than the law, frequently assaulted journalists. In Jordan, the increasing state control over media outlets and the closure of hundreds of news websites severely constrained the space for liberty. Furthermore, the wounds of the Palestinian press corps remained open as journalists and photographers were once again victims of systematic attacks by Israeli forces and the ever-widening divisions among Palestinian factions. Within this context, a more dangerous risk to free speech is spreading throughout the region: silence. The extremists that kidnap journalists in Syria remain silent as to the fate of their captives. Not a word is spoken by those who currently detain Samir Kassab, Javier Espinosa and Ricardo Garcia Vilanova, Didier François and Edouard Elias, Nicolas Hénin and Pierre Torres, Bashar Fehmi Al-Qadoumi, Isaac Moctar, James Foley and Austin Tice, and many others who came from all over the world to bear witness to the Syrian tragedy. Silence is crippling peaceful activists who, in 2011, wanted to bring spring to Damascus and showed the world unprecedented courage when met by the worst kind of repression. Today, their dreams are shattered and the last ones dreaming may very well face the same fate as Razan Zaitouneh. The silence of international organizations allows Israeli soldiers and policemen to target Palestinian journalists, and Israeli authorities to adopt racist laws and violate the internationally recognized civil, political, and cultural rights of the Palestinian people. Silence is what Jordanian authorities also seek through their attempts to curtail freedom of expression and impose self-censorship on journalists and artists. After tightening their grip over the editorial boards and the economic sustainability of print and audiovisual media, Jordanian services restricted access to free and independent online news sites. 5 FOREWORD Silence is how Lebanon’s security services, judiciary, and what is left of its state institutions react after each assault on a journalist or a photographer. Militias and armed thugs beat photographers, detain reporters, and check journalists’ identities while security forces do nothing but watch. These assailants are protected by their feeling of impunity, by confessional powers, or by a government policy statement – if not all of the above. Silence is also what censorship authorities expect every time they ban a theater play or cut scenes from a movie. It is what reactionary forces push for under religious motives and self-declared sectarian rights. Silence, torpor, and inaction… What every tyranny wants. Silence is what SKeyes will never surrender to. We are committed to breaking the silence. 6 SKEYES IN 2013 SKeyes in 2013 January 18-20 SKeyes holds its fourth international conference, entitled “Media Coverage of International Justice”, at the Riviera Hotel, Beirut, in partnership with the Global Center for Journalism and Democracy and with the support of the European Union, the Foundation for the Future, and Canal France International. February 7 SKeyes and L’Orient-Le Jour launch a series of short videos based on interviews with ten Lebanese families in different regions of the country. The weekly videos address the families’ expectations and aspirations ahead of the parliamentary election, which was initially scheduled in June 2013. This series, entitled “Le poids d’une voix” (The Strength of a Voice), was produced with the support of the Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. February 27 SKeyes participates in a panel debate about censorship and freedom of expression in Lebanon held at the Faculty of Law of the Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. March 1 SKeyes and the French Institute in Lebanon organize a public discussion with French journalist Christian Chesnot, entitled “Explaining the Middle East”, at the French embassy in Beirut. March 3 SKeyes participates in a conference, entitled “Conflict Reporting and Social Media”, at the Lebanese American University in Beirut organized by BBC Media Action and Agence France-Presse Foundation. March 10-12 SKeyes participates in a workshop, entitled “Monitoring Violations of Press Freedom in the Middle East and North Africa”, organized and hosted by the Doha Centre for Media Freedom in Doha, Qatar. March 12 SKeyes launches its 2012 Press and Cultural Freedom annual report. March 13 SKeyes hosts a debate around “Lebanese Voters’ Expectations from the Media and Politicians” at the Riviera Hotel, Beirut, in partnership with L’Orient-Le Jour and the Lebanese Association for Democratic Elections. The debate was part of “Le poids d’une voix” project and supported by the Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. March 15-17 SKeyes holds a training workshop for journalists, entitled “Covering the Oil and Gas Sector”, at the Riviera Hotel, Beirut. The training was organized in partnership with the Global Center for Journalism and Democracy with the support of the European Union. March 19 SKeyes participates in a panel debate on freedoms and human rights in Lebanon at the UNESCO Palace in Beirut on the occasion of the EU- Lebanon cooperation day. 7 SKEYES IN 2013 SKeyes in 2013 April 15 SKeyes participates in a public discussion, entitled “Political Participation, Peace and Reconciliation”, organized by the European Union delegation in Lebanon at Balamand University. April 18-20 SKeyes participates in the Global Security Forum in Bratislava, Slovakia. May 1 SKeyes presents its achievements, future activities, and statistical information about media and cultural freedom violations in the Levant during the Samir Kassir Foundation’s annual gala dinner at Casino du Liban, Jounieh. May 17-18 SKeyes participates in the “Arab-European Dialogue Forum on the Basics of Liberalism” organized by the Friedrich Naumann Foundation in Cairo, Egypt. May 19-21 SKeyes participates in the second Arab Media Freedom Defenders Forum and the International Press Institute’s annual congress hosted by the Center for Defending the Freedom of Journalists in Amman, Jordan. June 4 SKeyes and 18 other international and regional press freedom and human rights organizations issue a joint statement expressing concern about the deteriorating health of Syrian human rights lawyer Khalil Maatouq, who had been detained by the Syrian regime since October 2, 2012. June 13-14 SKeyes participates in the 4M conference on “Innovation and Social Media” and in a special public discussion about covering the Syrian conflict organized by Canal France International in Montpellier, France. June 19-21 SKeyes participates in Deutsche Welle’s Global Media Forum and in a special public discussion, entitled “More Economic Freedom, More Media Freedom?”, organized by the Friedrich Naumann Foundation in Bonn, Germany. July 4 SKeyes issues a book, entitled “A Fractured Mirror: Beirut’s Cultural Scene and the Search for Identity”, by US journalist Eric Reidy. July 5-7 SKeyes holds its fifth international conference, entitled “Freedom, Journalism and Religion”, at Al-Bustan Hotel, Beit Mery, in partnership with the Friedrich Naumann Foundation and with the support of the European Union and Canal France International. July 8 SKeyes and the Lebanese NGO ALEF-Act for Human Rights publish a booklet, entitled “Arbitrary Detention and Freedom of Expression in Lebanon”, with the support of the European Union and the Foundation for the Future. July 9 SKeyes launches the “Journalist Survival Guide”, a 14-episode web-video series providing physical and online safety guidance to journalists in conflict zones during a