Chemical and Biological Survey of the Waters of Illinois
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS BULLETIN ISSUED WEEKLY VOL. 13 JANUARY 10, 1916 No. 19 [Entered as second-class matter December 11, 1912, at the post office at Urbaria, Illinois, under the Act of August 24, 1912.] WATER SURVEY SERIES NO. 12 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE WATERS OF ILLINOIS REPORT FOR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1914 EDWARD BARTOW DIRECTOR PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA CONTENTS PAGE. Organization 7 Board of Trustees 8 Letter of transmittal 9 General report 11 Administration 11 Engineering work 12 Laboratory work 13 Scientific and special studies. 17 Associations and commissions 19 Engineering report 23 General scope of work 23 Public water supplies 23 Regulative inspection 25 Special investigations 26 Educational work 27 Abstracts of engineering reports 27 Bureaus of water supplies, by Edward Bartow 148 Possible functions of municipal laboratories, by Edward Bartow 153 Applications of water analysis, by Edward Bartow 157 Some European water-purification and sewage-disposal plants, by Edward Bartow 162 Examination of drinking water on railway trains, by Edward Bartow 173 Chemical and bacteriological examination of natural ice, by Edward Bartow. .183 Sewage treatment in small communities without sewerage systems, by Paul Hansen 189 The pollution of Cedar Creek by Galesburg, by Paul Hansen and others 196 Pollution of the channel of Mississippi Eiver between Eock Island Arsenal and the cities of Moline and Eock Island, by Paul Hansen and M. C. Sjoblom. .225 Investigation of an outbreak of typhoid fever at Sparta, by Paul Hansen and H. F. Ferguson 229 Investigation of disposal of corn-cannery wastes at Eureka, by Paul Hansen and Ealph Hilscher 235 Exhibit of the State Water Survey at the State fair, 1914 237 Comparison of the number of water bacteria growing on agar at 37° C. and on gelatin at 20° C, by P. W. Tanner 242 Eeports of associations and commissions 249 Illinois Society of Engineers and Surveyors 249 Illinois Water Supply Association 249 3 4 CONTENTS PAGE. Sanitary District of Chicago 251 Rivers and Lakes Commission 251 International Joint Commission 251 United States Public Health Service 252 American Water Works Association 253 American Public Health Association 254 Index 255 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE. Figure 1. Sections of deep wells in the vicinity of Tinley Park 136 2. Map showing location of municipalities in the vicinity of Tinley Park having deep wells 137 3. Control laboratory at waterworks, Champaign & Urbana Water Co., Urbana 154 4. Control laboratory at waterworks, Cairo Water Co., Cairo 155 5. Slow sand filters, Hamburg, Germany 163 6. Fish pond and laboratory of the sewage-disposal works, Bergedorf, Germany 164 7. Laboratory for water hygiene, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany 165 8. Iron-removal plant, Berlin waterworks, Wuhlheide, Germany 166 9. Pressure filters of iron-removal plant, Berlin waterworks, Wühl- heide, Germany 168 10. Sewage distributors of sprinkling filters, Eberswalde, Germany. .170 11. Perforated baffie, Cöpenick, Germany 171 12. Simple form of sewage tank for a schoolhouse with 200 pupils or for a structure with 50 inmates 190 13. Emscher sewage tank for a schoolhouse with 200 pupils or for a structure with 50 inmates 191 14. Emscher sewage tank with superstructure .192 15. Subsurface sewage-disposal system showing use of distributing and collecting title .193 16. Dosing chamber adjoining the sewage tank shown in Figure 12... .194 17. Map showing sewerage system at Galesburg at end of 1913 200 18. Map showing sampling and stream-gaging stations on Cedar Creek below Galesburg 203 19A. Cedar Creek above Losey Street, Galesburg, March 18, 1914 204 19B. Cedar Creek above Losey Street, Galesburg, June 29, 1914 205 20. Cedar Creek between Lincoln and Pearl Streets, Galesburg, 1914, showing back yards 206 21. Cedar Creek at Kellogg Street, Galesburg, showing large sewer en-. tering creek within 40 feet of house 207 22. Dumping grounds near Kellogg Street, Galesburg 208 23. Cedar Creek opposite station of Santa Fe Eailway, Galesburg.......209 24. Cedar Creek at station 2, Galesburg, showing sludge banks and floating sewage 210 25. Cedar Creek at station 6, Galesburg, showing hogs wallowing in sewage-polluted stream 211 5 6 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE. 26. Sedimentation tank at Monmouth showing place of direct dis- charge of sewage when the septic tank is cut out 212 27. Effluent outfall of septic tank, Monmouth 213 28. Bed of stream below discharge at Monmouth. Sludge about 18 inches deep and very odoriferous 214 29. Diagram showing chronological distribution of cases of typhoid fever at Sparta 230 30. Map of Sparta showing location of cases of typhoid fever 231 31. Exhibit on water supplies and rural sanitation, Illinois State Fair, 1914 238 32. Model showing pollution of dug well by drainage from barnyard and outhouse 240 ORGANIZATION EDMUND JANES JAMES, PH.D., LL.D President STAFF 1914 EDWARD BARTOW, PH. D Director PAUL HANSEN, B.S Engineer SAMUEL WILSON PARR, M.S Consulting chemist ARTHUR NEWELL TALBOT, C.E Consulting engineer OTTO RAHN, PH.D Consulting bacteriologist WILFRED FRANCIS LANGELIER, M.S Inspector HARRY PEACH CORSON, M.S Chemist and bacteriologist RALPH HILSCHER, B.S Assistant engineer MILFORD EVERETT HINDS, M.S Assistant chemist FRED WILBUR TANNER, M.S Assistant bacteriologist FLOYD WILLIAM MOHLMAN, M.S Assistant chemist HARRY FOSTER FERGUSON, B.S Assistant engineer HENRY LAWRENCE HUENINK, M.S Assistant chemist WESLEY WALLACE HANFORD, B.S Assistant chemist MAURICE CHARLES SJOBLOM, B.S Engineering assistant JOHN FRANCIS SCHNELLBACH, B.S Engineering assistant ARTHUR NORTON BENNETT, B.S . Assistant chemist CARMEN HARNACK STEITZ Clerk MARIE JESTER Stenographer ELIZA PRESTELLA HART .. Stenographer JANE BLANCHE MCMULLEN1 Stenographer HAZEL WALTON RICKETTS Stenographer Till September, 1914. 7 BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1914 WILLIAM L. ABBOTT, Chicago, President. HARRISON E. CUNNINGHAM, Urbana, Secretary. MATTHEW W. BUSEY, Urbana, Treasurer. GEORGE E. FRAZER, Vrbana, Comptroller. THE GOVERNOR OP ILLINOIS ARTHUR MEEKER, Union Stock Yards, EDWARD F. DUNNE, Springficld Chicago PRESIDENT, STATE BOARD OF AGRICUL- WILLIAM L. ABBOTT, 120 Adams St., TURE JOHN T. MONTGOMERY, Charles- Chicago ton MARY E. BUSEY, Urbana SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUC- OTIS W. HOIT, Geneseo TION FRANCIS G. BLAIR, Springfield ELLEN M. HENROTIN, 1656 N. LaSalle ALLEN F. MOORE, Monticello St., Chicago LAURA B. EVANS, Taylorville JOHN E. TREVETT, Champaign FLORENCE E. WATSON, Effingham 8 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Illinois State Water Survey. University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, May 24, 1916. Edmund J. James, Ph.D., LL.D., President, University of Illinois. Sir: Herewith I submit a report of the work of the State Water Survey, for the year ending December 31, 1914, and request that it be printed as a bulletin of the University of Illinois, State Water Sur- vey Series No. 12. The report contains an account of the work done by the State Water Survey in accordance with the laws creating the State Water Survey and imposing upon it new and additional duties (Laws of Illinois, 40th General Assembly, 1897, 12; 47th General Assembly, 1911, 43. Bull. State Water Survey Series 9, 7-8). Summaries of the chemical, biological, and engineering work are given, together with more complete reports on certain special investi- gations conducted during the year. One extensive sanitary survey of drainage basins is reported. This work is of great value to cities that find it necessary to plan methods of sewage disposal. This work, performed in cooperation with the Rivers and Lakes Commission, should be continued to cover all the drainage basins of the State. Several epidemics of typhoid fever have been investigated and rec- ommendations have been made for the prevention of the spread of the disease. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD BARTOW, Director. 9 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE WATERS OF ILLINOIS REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1914 EDWARD BARTOW Director GENERAL REPORT ADMINISTRATION During 1914 the laboratory and field work of the State "Water Survey has been conducted along the lines inaugurated late in 1911. A slight expansion was made possible by an increase of the appro- priation by the Legislature from $15,000 to $21,500 per annum. In addition the Trustees of the University of Illinois allotted $7,500 for the educational and scientific work of the Survey for the year. The staff has been slightly changed during the year. C. H. Spauld- ing, assistant chemist, resigned to accept a position with the Panama Canal Commission at Cristobal, C. Z., and Wesley Wallace Hanford, B.S., Wesleyan University, 1913, and Arthur Norton Bennett, B.S., University of Illinois, 1907, have been appointed assistant chemists. According to authority given by the 40th General Assembly of Illinois in 1897, the Illinois State Water Survey was created by the Trustees of the University of Illinois and made a division of the De- partment of Chemistry. The 47th General Assembly in 1911 imposed new and additional duties on the State Water Survey authorizing and instructing it "to employ such field men as may be necessary to visit municipal water supplies and inspect water sheds to make such field studies and to collect such samples as are necessary, to analyze and test samples and to make any investigations to the end that a pure and adequate public water supply for domestic and manufacturing purposes may be maintained in each municipality to make sani- tary analyses free of charge of samples of water from municipal water supplies or from private wells, collected according to the directions of the State Water Survey and to report the result of such examination to the board of health, superintendent of waterworks, other officer or officers of the water department of the city, village or incorporated town, or to citizens by whom the samples respectively were collected."1 1Laws of the State of Illinois: 47th General Assembly, 1911.