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Oracle VM Virtualbox User Manual

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Oracle VM Virtualbox User Manual Oracle VM VirtualBox R User Manual Version 4.0.26 c 2004-2014 Oracle Corporation http://www.virtualbox.org Contents 1 First steps 9 1.1 Why is virtualization useful?............................. 10 1.2 Some terminology................................... 10 1.3 Features overview................................... 11 1.4 Supported host operating systems.......................... 13 1.5 Installing VirtualBox and extension packs...................... 14 1.6 Starting VirtualBox.................................. 15 1.7 Creating your first virtual machine......................... 16 1.8 Running your virtual machine............................ 19 1.8.1 Starting a new VM for the first time.................... 19 1.8.2 Capturing and releasing keyboard and mouse.............. 19 1.8.3 Typing special characters.......................... 21 1.8.4 Changing removable media......................... 21 1.8.5 Resizing the machine’s window...................... 22 1.8.6 Saving the state of the machine...................... 22 1.9 Snapshots....................................... 23 1.9.1 Taking, restoring and deleting snapshots................. 23 1.9.2 Snapshot contents.............................. 25 1.10 Virtual machine configuration............................ 26 1.11 Removing virtual machines.............................. 26 1.12 Importing and exporting virtual machines..................... 26 1.13 Alternative front-ends................................. 28 2 Installation details 29 2.1 Installing on Windows hosts............................. 29 2.1.1 Prerequisites................................. 29 2.1.2 Performing the installation......................... 29 2.1.3 Uninstallation................................ 30 2.1.4 Unattended installation........................... 30 2.2 Installing on Mac OS X hosts............................. 31 2.2.1 Performing the installation......................... 31 2.2.2 Uninstallation................................ 31 2.2.3 Unattended installation........................... 31 2.3 Installing on Linux hosts............................... 31 2.3.1 Prerequisites................................. 31 2.3.2 The VirtualBox kernel module....................... 32 2.3.3 Performing the installation......................... 33 2.3.4 The vboxusers group............................ 36 2.3.5 Starting VirtualBox on Linux........................ 36 2.4 Installing on Solaris hosts.............................. 37 2.4.1 Performing the installation......................... 37 2.4.2 Starting VirtualBox on Solaris....................... 37 2.4.3 Uninstallation................................ 37 2.4.4 Unattended installation........................... 38 2.4.5 Configuring a zone for running VirtualBox................ 38 2 Contents 3 Configuring virtual machines 39 3.1 Supported guest operating systems......................... 39 3.1.1 Mac OS X Server guests........................... 40 3.1.2 64-bit guests................................. 40 3.2 Emulated hardware.................................. 41 3.3 General settings.................................... 42 3.3.1 “Basic” tab.................................. 42 3.3.2 “Advanced” tab............................... 42 3.3.3 “Description” tab.............................. 42 3.4 System settings.................................... 43 3.4.1 “Motherboard” tab............................. 43 3.4.2 “Processor” tab............................... 44 3.4.3 “Acceleration” tab.............................. 45 3.5 Display settings.................................... 45 3.6 Storage settings.................................... 46 3.7 Audio settings..................................... 48 3.8 Network settings................................... 48 3.9 Serial ports...................................... 48 3.10 USB support...................................... 49 3.10.1 USB settings................................. 49 3.10.2 Implementation notes for Windows and Linux hosts........... 51 3.11 Shared folders..................................... 51 3.12 Alternative firmware (EFI).............................. 51 3.12.1 Video modes in EFI............................. 52 4 Guest Additions 53 4.1 Introduction...................................... 53 4.2 Installing and Maintaining Guest Additions..................... 54 4.2.1 Guest Additions for Windows........................ 54 4.2.2 Guest Additions for Linux.......................... 56 4.2.3 Guest Additions for Solaris......................... 61 4.2.4 Guest Additions for OS/2.......................... 62 4.3 Shared folders..................................... 62 4.3.1 Manual mounting.............................. 63 4.3.2 Automatic mounting............................ 64 4.4 Hardware-accelerated graphics........................... 64 4.4.1 Hardware 3D acceleration (OpenGL and Direct3D 8/9)......... 64 4.4.2 Hardware 2D video acceleration for Windows guests........... 65 4.5 Seamless windows.................................. 66 4.6 Guest properties.................................... 66 4.7 Guest control..................................... 68 4.8 Memory overcommitment.............................. 68 4.8.1 Memory ballooning............................. 69 4.8.2 Page Fusion................................. 69 5 Virtual storage 71 5.1 Hard disk controllers: IDE, SATA (AHCI), SCSI, SAS................ 71 5.2 Disk image files (VDI, VMDK, VHD, HDD)..................... 73 5.3 The Virtual Media Manager............................. 74 5.4 Special image write modes.............................. 76 5.5 Differencing images.................................. 77 5.6 Cloning disk images.................................. 79 5.7 Host I/O caching................................... 80 5.8 Limiting bandwidth for disk images......................... 80 3 Contents 5.9 CD/DVD support................................... 81 5.10 iSCSI servers...................................... 82 6 Virtual networking 83 6.1 Virtual networking hardware............................. 83 6.2 Introduction to networking modes.......................... 84 6.3 Network Address Translation (NAT)......................... 85 6.3.1 Configuring port forwarding with NAT.................. 85 6.3.2 PXE booting with NAT............................ 86 6.3.3 NAT limitations............................... 86 6.4 Bridged networking.................................. 87 6.5 Internal networking.................................. 88 6.6 Host-only networking................................. 89 7 Remote virtual machines 90 7.1 Remote display (VRDP support)........................... 90 7.1.1 Common third-party RDP viewers..................... 90 7.1.2 VBoxHeadless, the remote desktop server................. 91 7.1.3 Step by step: creating a virtual machine on a headless server...... 92 7.1.4 Remote USB................................. 93 7.1.5 RDP authentication............................. 94 7.1.6 RDP encryption............................... 95 7.1.7 Multiple connections to the VRDP server................. 96 7.1.8 Multiple remote monitors.......................... 96 7.1.9 VRDP video redirection........................... 96 7.1.10 VRDP customization............................. 96 7.2 Teleporting...................................... 97 8 VBoxManage 99 8.1 Introduction...................................... 99 8.2 Commands overview................................. 100 8.3 VBoxManage list................................... 106 8.4 VBoxManage showvminfo.............................. 107 8.5 VBoxManage registervm / unregistervm...................... 108 8.6 VBoxManage createvm................................ 108 8.7 VBoxManage modifyvm............................... 108 8.7.1 General settings............................... 109 8.7.2 Networking settings............................. 111 8.7.3 Serial port, audio, clipboard, remote desktop and USB settings..... 112 8.7.4 Remote machine settings.......................... 113 8.7.5 Teleporting settings............................. 114 8.8 VBoxManage import................................. 114 8.9 VBoxManage export.................................. 115 8.10 VBoxManage startvm................................. 116 8.11 VBoxManage controlvm............................... 116 8.12 VBoxManage discardstate.............................. 118 8.13 VBoxManage adoptstate............................... 118 8.14 VBoxManage snapshot................................ 118 8.15 VBoxManage closemedium.............................. 119 8.16 VBoxManage storageattach.............................. 119 8.17 VBoxManage storagectl................................ 121 8.18 VBoxManage bandwidthctl.............................. 121 8.19 VBoxManage showhdinfo............................... 122 8.20 VBoxManage createhd................................ 122 4 Contents 8.21 VBoxManage modifyhd................................ 122 8.22 VBoxManage clonehd................................. 123 8.23 VBoxManage convertfromraw............................ 124 8.24 VBoxManage getextradata/setextradata....................... 125 8.25 VBoxManage setproperty............................... 125 8.26 VBoxManage usbfilter add/modify/remove..................... 125 8.27 VBoxManage sharedfolder add/remove....................... 126 8.28 VBoxManage guestproperty............................. 126 8.29 VBoxManage guestcontrol.............................. 127 8.30 VBoxManage debugvm................................ 129 8.31 VBoxManage metrics................................. 131 8.32 VBoxManage hostonlyif...............................
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