Joint project of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus and Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI) “Measuring Access to Finance: Developing Evidence-based Access Policies in Belarus”
Demand survey analysis - individuals and households
Survey Report
Minsk, National Bank of the Republic of Belarus
2012
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ...... 4 1. Sample Overview ...... 5 2. National-level analysis of demand for financial services ...... 7 2.1. Use of financial services ...... 7 2.2. Financial behaviour ...... 15 2.3. Financial literacy ...... 19 3. Use of financial services in the regions ...... 20 4. District-level analysis of demand for financial services ...... 34 Conclusion ...... 40 Annex A. National-level demand statistics ...... 43 Annex B. Regional-level demand statistics ...... 46 Annex C. Mapping data ...... 57
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this analysis was to investigate the individual financial behaviour and to explore regional differences in the use of cash, deposit, credit and insurance services. To conduct the analysis, the National Bank of Belarus had partnered with the Institute of Sociology under the National Academy of Belarus to conduct in July - August 2012 a survey among 8000 respondents. The questionnaire form consisted of 60 items divided into the following sections: A. Ownership and use of financial services: A.1. Payment and cash transactions A.2. Credit; A.3. Savings and investments; A.4. Insurance; B) Public perceptions and trust C) Financial behaviour D) Financial literacy; E) Socio-demographic profile This demand survey analysis was conducted by the Institute of Economic Research under the Ministry of Economy at the national. regional, and district levels.
4 1. Sample Overview
The survey sample consisted of 8000 participants, including 3654 men and 4316 women, representing 46.1% and 54.0% of the sample, respectively. Over one-third of the sample (35.9%) were aged 46 - 65. Married respondents represented 56.9% of the sample, and 30.8% had children aged 0 - 16, including 20.1% with one child, 9.4% with two, and 1.4% with three or more children. Reported number of adult household members was two (46%), three (20%), and one (17.1%) - fig.1.1 - 1.3. Rural residents numbered 46.8% of the sample, 40.5% were urban residents, and 12.6% resided in urban-type settlements. The proportion reporting their employment status as fully employed was 61.4%, and 7.2% reported partial employment. Blue- collar workers were the most numerous socio-professional status group (29.2%), followed by pensioners and white-collar employees. 13.6% of the sample had complete higher, 31.7% uppersecondary vocational (technical college diploma), 23.5% had general secondary education (11-year schooling certificate), and 21.4% had primary or basic education - Fig. 1.1 - 1.2. Basic General Higher Incomplete Separated Widower Male Female Secondary/Vocational Upperecondary/Vocational Complete Postgraduate Single living Married,
Secondar
Higher
y
Sex Age Education Family Status Figure 1.1. Selected socio-economic characteristics of individual respondents (% of total)
5
No
age 16 Yes Children below
Part‐time
Full‐time Status
Employment Unemployed
Rural Type Urban‐type
Urban/City Settlement
Figure 2. Distribution of individuals by employment status, residence, number of dependent children aged 0 - 16 (%) Respondents with per capita household incomes between 1 and 2 million roubles per month constituted the most numerous income group (48,2%). Incomes below 1 million roubles were reported by 18.2%, and another 18,0% reported incomes between 2 and 3 million roubles (Figure 1.3).
No Answer No Answer Average per capita household income per month, Number of adults in the household thousands of roubles Figure 1.3. Selected socio-economic characteristics of individual households (% of total)
6 2. National-level analysis of demand for financial services
2.1. Use of financial services
The available financial inclusion data indicate that a significant proportion of Belarusians are 'fully excluded' from the financial market. 15.4% reported not using any services, and another 30.3% acknowledged using 1 - 2 services, mainly related to the receipt of their salaries. Little over one-half of the survey respondents were using 3 or more services, only 10% were advanced users (6 - 8 services), and a mere 2% were extensive users (9 or more services) - fig. 2.1. Figure 2.1 presents a comparison of the results from the previous study and the present survey conducted in January 2012. As seen from the figure, the data reveal a great degree of consistency, with only slight shifts in the proportions using 1 - 2 and 2 - 3 services. Total financial inclusion, measured as the proportion using services (TFI-1), is 84,6%. Current Survey
2012 Survey
No use Basic use (1‐2 services) Active use (3 – 5 services) Advanced use (6 – 8 services) Extensive use (9+ services) Figure 2.1. Total Financial Inclusion Index components in January and July 2012 (% of the total respondents) Banking and cash transactions were used by 69.3% of respondents, and savings by only 16.4%. Little over one-half of the survey sample were using insurance services, and around one-fifth (18.5%) were users of insurance services. As seen from figure 2.2, there was a sharp drop in the use of credit services in 2012 - the proportion reporting the use of credit decreased by almost 1.8 times.
7 Current Survey
Yes
No Bank account Formal credit Deposit Insurance
2012 Survey Yes No
Banking and Credit Savings Insurance transactions Figure 2. Financial inclusion of individuals, by type of service Current TFI-2 values for individuals and households are as follows:
TFI-IIpayments= 69.3%;
TFI-IIcredit = 18.5%;
TFI-IIsavings= 16.4%;
TFI-IIinsurance = 55.6%; Banking and cash transactions Account ownership was explicitly acknowledged by 69%, and another 0.3% reported having a bank account implicitly, implicitly, by denying possession of a bank account while admitting the use of a debit card. The overall proportion of individuals using banking and cash transactions is 69,3%. The proportion reporting use of banking and cash transactions directly or through another member of their household was at 74.7%. Excluding respondents who for whom possession of a bank account or debit card was a requirement for the receipt of salaries, money transfers, pensions and benefits, the proportion using banking and cash transactions (voluntary users) was down to 3.7%. 1.8% of respondents who did not possess a bank account of their own had access to one through a family member. Unlike the previous surveys, which focused on who was using financial services, an important objective analysis was to find out why people are using or not using specific services. Receipt of salaries was the most common reason for having a bank account, cited by as many 53.9% of those surveyed, followed by «keeping money safe» (20.3%), «Convenience of cash management» (8.2%), «Bill payments» (7.9%), and «Emergency savings» (6.7%) - Figure 2.3. 8 To receive salary Keeping money safe Convenient management of cash Bill Payment Emergency savings Access to other services Other Receive money trasfers Employer requirement/government regulation Don’t know To gain access to credit
Figure 2.3. Responses to the question "What are the reasons for you to have a bank account?" - % of total The most commonly reasons for not having a bank account given by the survey respondents included: "I do not have any money" (16.1%), "I prefer cash at home" (7.6%), "I do not see any advantages" (4.2%), and "I do not trust banks (3.6%) - Fig. 2.4. No money Prefer cash at home Don’t see any advantages Don’t trust banks
Another family member owns a bank account Inconvenient access to savings Other Don’t know Don’t know how to open an account
Too expensive Don’t qualify for an account
Figure 2.3. Responses to the question "What are the reasons for you not to have a bank account?" - % of total The leading role of salary receipt as a leading reason for having a bank account is confirmed by data on the reported frequency of transactions involving bank accounts. Over 70% of respondents denied ever depositing finds on their account or transferring funds between accounts. At the same time, over 80% of respondents reported withdrawing funds from their accounts at least once in a month - fig. 2.5.
9 Money transfers
Cash withdrawals
Depositing cash on account
Never Frequent/several times a month Regular/once a month Rare/less than once a month Don’t know/no answer Figure 2.5 – Intensity of using bank accounts - % of total responses More than one-half of those surveyed withdraw money from their account: at an ATM, 22% at the post office, and 15% in a bank branch, and the rest were unsure. The absolute majority of respondents who deposited money on their accounts did so in a bank branch - fig. 2.6 - 2.7.
Do not use No Bank branch Post Office ATM Post Office ATM No Bank branch Do not cash answer/uns answer/uns make ure ure deposits
Figure 2.3. Responses to the question Figure 2.7. Responses to the question "How do you deposit money on your "When you need to get cash account?" - % of total (banknotes) from the account, how do you usually get it?" - % of total
Use of M-banking was reported by 9.2%. the overdraft facility was used by 8.2%, and internet banking by 7.4%- fig. 2.8. Of the above services, use of M- banking was the most intense, averaging several times per month according to the survey responses - fig. 2.9. Respondents with the greatest intensity of mobile and Internet-banking use were aged 16 - 35, had completed a higher education degree, or were in pursuit of one. Professionally, frequent use of mobile and internet banking was associated with business ownership, or occupation in middle management or white collar positions. Overdraft was most frequently utilised by respondents with higher education aged 26 - 45, employed in management position.
10 Debit Card Internet Banking
Mobile Banking M‐banking
Overdraft facility Overdraft facility
Internet banking Never Often (more than once a month Regularly (once a month Rarely (less than once a month No answer/unsure Figure 2.8 – Responses to the question «Do Figure 2.9. Intensity of use, banking and you have or had in the last 12 months any transactions - % of total respondents of the following services?" (%) of total respondents
Savings and investments Possession of a bank deposit was reported by 16,4% of the survey participants; 10,5% of respondents owned time deposits indirectly through another family member. In total, 21,5% of respondents had a time deposit, directly or indirectly - fig. 2.10. Ownership of on-demand deposits was reported by 11.7%, and time deposits by 5.5%. Respondents also reported ownership of other types of deposits, including child savings and charity deposits, and pension savings account - fig. 2.11.
Joint ownership at family level
Indirect ownership through a family member
Current Time deposit Deposit in a credit Explicit ownership account/on‐ union Other deposits demand deposit
Individual respondents Members of respondents’ households
Figure 2.10 – Reported ownership Figure 2.11 – Reported ownership of of bank deposits at the household specific types of bank deposits at the level, % of total responses household level - % of total responses
11
Of respondents who admitted ownership of a bank deposit, 17.5% were depositing funds once in a month, 42.5% were depositing less frequently, and only 3.2% several times in a month - fig. 2.12.
Figure 2.12 – Reported frequency of depositing activities - % of total responses Respondents indicated the following reasons for having a deposit: "keeping money safe" (52.5%), "saving for emergency needs, e.g. health expenses, death" (24.2%), "to resist temptation to spend" (21.3%), and "saving for predicted future needs, such as education of children or retirement" (15.7%) - figure 2.13. The most commonly cited reasons for not having a deposit were "lack of money" (53.9%), "no need" (31.7%), "prefer money at home" (10.9%), and "do not trust the banks" (10.4%) - fig. 2.14.
12 No money Keeping money safe
No need Emergency savings (e.g. illness or death) Prefer to keep money at home
To resist temptation to spend Do not trust banks
Saving for future needs (e.g. Deposit terms unsuitable pension)
Saving for an expensive item (e.g. No work car) Interest rate too low To gain access to financial services Nobody keeps money in a bank
To keep family members from Prefer to invest my savings spending money elsewhere To earn interest Inconvenient bank location
Don’t know Other
Don’t know how to open account Other reasons I wanted to open account, but was refused To gain access to credit Bank personnel rude and unfriendly
Figure 2.3. Responses to the question Figure 2.3. Responses to the question "What are the reasons for you to have a "What are the reasons for you not to savings account?" - % of total responses have a savings account?" - % of total - % of total responses responses
Ownership of a savings account is associated with the following respondent characteristics: age 36 - 65, higher or postgraduate education, married, employed in management positions. Respondents who were the least likely to deposit personal savings in banks were aged below 25, had basic, secondary or vocational education, unmarried, and were either students or unemployed.
Credit Some 18.5% of respondents reported receipt of a loan from a financial institutions within the twelve months preceding the survey. The number who admitted receiving the loan directly or through a family member was 26.2%. Credit card ownership was reported by 9.9%. Over 90% of the reported credits or loans were from banks, 3.1% from credit cooperatives, and the remaining 5.8% of respondents could not identify the lending institution. Of all respondents who reported lending activity, 52% had taken a consumer loan, 30.5% an instalment purchase credit, 13.2% a housing loan, 10.2% a personal 13 loan, and 6.0% a house improvement loan - fig. 2.15. The most commonly cited reasons not to utilise credit were as follows: "no need" (49.9%), "interest rates are too high" (26.8%), "do not have enough money to repay" (22.5%), and "don't want to owe anything to anyone" (19.5%).
No need Consumer loan
Interest rate too high Instalment purchase loan
No money to repay Housing loan Don’t want to owe anything to Personal loan anyone Loan terms not suitable Home improvement loan Other reasons Vehicle purchase loan Don’t know Holiday loan I have been refused a loan
Health loan Inconvenient location of the bank
Education loan I borrow from alternative sources
Business loan Bank personnel rude and unhelpful
Figure 2.15 – Responses to the Figure 2.3. Responses to the question question «What kind of credit do you "If you have not been using credit have/had in the last 12 months? - % what is the main reason?" - % of of total respondents total responses - % of total
The highest probability of using credit was associated with the following respondent characteristics: age 26 - 45, married or divorced, junior manager, entrepreneur, military serviceman, or white collar worker. Respondents with the lowest probability of using credit had the following profile: age 65 and above, unemployed, student or agricultural employee, single or widowed. Insurance Use of insurance was reported by 55.6% of individual respondents and 68.3% of households. The types of insurance with the highest frequency of reported use included property insurance (35.4%), car insurance (27.8%), life insurance (9.4%), livestock insurance (5.2%), and medical insurance (4.7%) - fig. 2.17. Respondents gave the following reasons for not using insurance: "no need" (67.8%), "too expensive" (20.4%), and "do not trust insurance companies" (17.1%) - fig. 2.18.
14 Property insurance No need
Auto insurance Too expensive
Life insurance Don’t trust insurance Livestock insurance companies
Health insurance Other reasons
Travel insurance Insurance term too
Crop insurance long
Business Risks Insurance Did not know these services were offered in Belarus
Figure 2.17. Intensity of use, insurance Figure 2.18. Respondents' reasons for services - % of total responses not using insurance (%)
The highest probability of using insurance was associated with the following respondent characteristics: age 36 - 65, complete higher or post-secondary vocational education, married, manager individual entrepreneur, or white collar worker. Respondents with the lowest probability of using insurance had the following profile: age 16 - 25, basic or incomplete higher education, not married, unemployed, student or housewife.
2.2. Financial behaviour
Saving As follows from the financial behaviour study conducted as a part of this survey, 40.4% of respondents periodically deposit cash in banks for interest, and 10.8% do so on a regular basis. However, the absolute majority (60.5%) prefer to keep money in cash - fig. 2.19.
15 Cash
Durable goods
Bank
Investing, financial transactions
Figure 2.19 – Ways of allocating unspent savings - % of total responses Only 2.8% were keeping in banks more than one-half, 4.2% between a quarter and a half of their savings, and 11.0% less than a quarter of their savings. In contrast, as many as 76.7% were not keeping their savings in banks - fig. 2.20.
Figure 2.20. Responses to the question "What percentage of your savings do you keep in a financial institution?" (%) Respondents most likely to make savings are women, managers of self- employed, individuals with high educational attainment, middle-aged, married, and urban residents. Greater probability of keeping savings in a bank was associated with being a married woman aged over 46, high educational attainment, and being self-employed, a manager or in the army. Respondents most likely to keep their savings in cash were unemployed, pensioners, white and blue collar workers at an older age, rural residents and individuals with low educational attainment. Using unspent money to conduct financial transactions is most common among single middle-aged respondents with high educational attainment who are engaged in
16 entrepreneurial activity. Investing in durable goods is most typical among the self-employed, military personnel, managers, and married middle-aged respondents with medium to high income. Borrowing As indicated previously, some 18.5% of respondents reported receipt of a loan from a financial institutions within the twelve months preceding the survey. The number who received the loan directly or through a family member was 26.2%. Credit card ownership was reported by 9.9%. Informal borrowing was practised by 38.7% of respondents; 18.4% practised informal borrowing 1 - 2 times in a year, 10.6% 1 - 2 times in three months, 6.1% 'nearly every month' and 3.7% 'every month'. Respondents reported borrowing from friends or family (61.5%), neighbours (18.7%), and colleagues - fig. 2.26, while 29.3% preferred not to borrow from anyone.
Friends, relatives Nobody Neighbours Mutual financial assistance fund at work Money lenders No answer Other sources Pawn‐shop
Figure 2.21 – Reported sources of informal borrowing (%) Borrowing from any source (formal or informal) was reported by 50.6%. Responding to the question regarding their present indebtedness level, 27.1% stated that they had 'about the right amount of debt', another 11.5% indicated that they 'could borrow more' and 50.8% replied that they had no debt and did not have any debt, and did not want to have any. Some 3.7% described their present debt as 'excessive' and expressed concern about their ability to repay it.
17 We have no debt, and do not need to borrow
Our debts are manageable,, we have no difficulty repaying them Our debt is small enough, we could borrow more
No answer/unsure
Our present debt is too large, we already have difficulty repaying it
Figure 2.22 – Degree of indebtedness - households (%) Respondents with 'excessive' indebtedness tend to be young people, individuals with low educational attainment, military personnel, housewives, unemployed, agricultural employees, divorced or never-marrieds, residents of communities with low generic confidence levels, and persons with low financial literacy levels. Transacting - channels used for receiving income and making routine payments More than a half of the survey respondents reported paying their bills in cash at a post office or bank, and another 11.3% were paying in cash at the utility provider's office (e.g. mobile phone operator or internet provider). Little over a quarter of individuals (26.8%) reported using their debit or credit card to pay their bills - fig. 2.23.
Cash in a post office
Cash in a bank or bank branch
By a bank card
Cash, utility provider’s office
Bank transfer from current account
Other Transfer to a Cash Transfer to a bank account bank card
Figure 2.23 – Methods of bill payment (%) Figure 2.23 – Methods of receiving funds (%) At the same time, over 60% of individual respondents were receiving money by transfer to a debit card, and another 42.6% in cash - fig. 2.24.
18 2.3. Financial literacy
The analysis revealed low levels of financial literacy among a large proportion of individual respondents. More than two-thirds were not aware about the rates of interest on time deposits and were unable to correctly calculate the amount of interest receivable on a savings deposit - fig. 2.25. More than 85% were unable to name the approximate rate of inflation in Belarus in 2011 - fig. 2.26.
< 20% < 70% 20 – 99% (correct) 70 ‐ 199% (correct) > 100% > 200% No answer No answer Figure 2.25. Responses to the question Figure 2.26 – Responses to the question "What is the interest rate on bank "What was the annual inflation rate in deposits in the local currency now?" 2011?" (%) In total, only 5% of the survey participants were able to answer all three questions correctly, and 44% could not give correct answers to any of the questions - fig. 2.27 - 2.28.
Ability to Knpwledge of Knpwledge of calculate the rate of the current interest inflation interest rates on deposits All three answers are correct Two answers are correct Correct Incorrect One answer is correct All three answers are incorrect Figure 2.27. General numerical skills and Figure 2.28 – Compound financial literacy basic economic knowledge, % of index (%) respondents who gave correct answers to the survey's financial literacy questions
19 3. Use of financial services in the regions
As shown by the survey, financial services were used most frequently by respondents from Brest Oblast (87.3%), followed by their peers from Grodno Oblast (85.7%) and Minsk City (85.5%). Use of financial services was lowest among respondents from Gomel (82.0%) and Vitebsk Oblasts (83.7%) - fig. 3.1.
20%+Прев ы aboveшение н theа 20 national% и более mean Прев ышение на 10-19.9 % 10Не ‐ зна20%+чител ьaboveное отк theлоне nationalние между mean-9.9 и 9. 9 % 9.99Откл оbelowнение оtoт - 19.99%9.9 до -above10% the national mean 10От кtoло н19.99%ение ниж belowе -20 % the national mean Новополоцк 20%+ below the national mean 82.0 # Витебск Витебская # ВNational среднем mean по Беларуси - 84,6% 82.0 83.7 Орша #86.9
Жодино # Могилев г.Минск 80.3 # 74.2 Гродно 85.5 # 80.6 Могилевская Минская 84.9 Гродненская 84.9 Бобруйск 85.7 Барановичи # # 82.3 96.8
Гомель Брестская # 87.3 90.3 Брест Пинск Гомельская # # 100.0 85.2 82.0
Figure 3. Financial inclusion of individuals by Oblast (%) Within each Oblast, cities generally had above-average rates of financial inclusion. In Brest, financial inclusion was close to 100%, in Baranovichi, 96.3%, in Gomel, 90.3%, and on Orsha, 86.9%. Overall, as seen from the colour-coded map in Figure 3.1, the variation of the rate of financial inclusion across Oblasts from the national average (84.6%) does not exceed 10%. With respect to the individual components of the Index, the highest proportion of respondents who reported using 1 - 2 services (32.9%) were residents of Gomel Oblast, while 46.8% of respondents using 3 - 5 services resided in Minsk City. Use of 6 - 8 services was reported by 12.2% of respondents from Minsk Oblast. The largest proportion of users of nine or more services was also recorded in Minsk Oblast (3.0%) - fig. 3.2.
20 No use
Basic use (1‐2 services)
Active use (3‐5 services)
Advanced use (5‐8 services)
Extensive use (5‐8 services)
Figure 3. Use of financial services by individual respondents (%) The share of respondents reporting the use of banking and cash services was highest in Minsk City (79.0%, as compared to the national average of 69.3%) - fig. 3.3. In the other Oblasts, the variation from the national average does not exceed 10%. Mogilev Oblast had the highest proportion of respondents who used banking and cash services (72.3%), followed by Minsk Oblast (70.1%), and B Brest Oblast (69.5%). In cities, use of banking and cash services was the most prevalent in Brest (93.5%), Baranovichi (91.9%), and Orsha (85.2%), and the least common in Gomel Oblast (66.4%)
20%+ above the national mean 10 ‐ 20%+ above the national mean 9.99 below to 9.99% above the national mean 10 to 19.99% below the national mean 20%+ below the national mean
Figure 3. Use of banking and cash services (%)
21
Reported use of deposit accounts was highest among respondents from Minsk and Brest Oblasts (26% and 18.3%, respectively, as compared to the national average of 16.4%). In some cities, use of deposits was reported by a much higher proportion of respondents, e.g. Zhodino (32.8%), Gomel (29%), and Brest (29%). Deposit ownership was lowest among respondents from Gomel Oblast (12.5%) and Vitebsk Oblast (12.9%) - fig. 3.4.
20%+ above the national mean 10 ‐ 20%+ above the national mean 9.99 below to 9.99% above the national mean 10 to 19.99% below the national mean 20%+ below the national mean
Figure 3. Use of savings services (%) Relative to the national average of 28.3%, the highest prevalence of credit services was recorded among respondents from Vitebsk Oblast (22.3%). Credit prevalence was lowest among respondents from Minsk City (11.3%). Urban respondents reported much higher levels of credit use, including 52.5% in Vitebsk, 41.9% in Baranovichi, and 33.9% in Brest - fig. 3.5. Given the national average of 55.8%, use of insurance services was highest among residents of Brest Oblast (61.8%), and lowest among respondents from Minsk City (45.2%) and Vitebsk Oblast (48.8%). In cities, some of the highest insurance prevalence rates were recorded in Baranovichi (69.4%), Brest (66.1%), and Pinsk (62.3%) - fig. 3.6.
22 20%+ above the national mean 10 ‐ 20%+ above the national mean 9.99 below to 9.99% above the national mean 10 to 19.99% below the national mean 20%+ below the national mean
Figure 3.6. Reported use of credit by Oblast (%)
20%+ above the national mean 10 ‐ 20%+ above the national mean 9.99 below to 9.99% above the national mean 10 to 19.99% below the national mean 20%+ below the national mean
Figure 3. Reported use of insurance by Oblast (%)
Banking and cash transactions
23 The highest rates of explicit account ownership were reported in Minsk City (75.8%) and Mogilev Oblast (72.2%). Reported prevalence of implicit bank account ownership was highest in Minsk City (6.7%). Respondents from Minsk City also reported the highest bank account ownership rate at the household level (85.7%) - fig. 3.7.
Explicit account ownership
Account ownership at household level Implicit account ownership
Figure 3.7 – Explicit and implicit ownership of a bank account by Oblast (%) Voluntary bank account ownership was the most prevalent in Minsk City (10.6%) and Brest Oblast (8.8%) - fig. 3.8.
Figure 3. Voluntary account ownership (%) In all Oblasts, receiving salary was the main reason to have an account (Table 3.1).
Figure 3. Reasons to have an account given by respondents Brest Vitebsk Minsk Minsk Oblast Oblast Gomel OblastGrodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast City Keep money safe 31.5 27.3 30.5 34.4 33.9 21.8 19.1 24 To receive salary 74.9 76.5 80.2 73.9 79.6 82.0 76.6 To gain access to other financial services 13.2 5.8 4.3 6.7 5.6 5.5 4.3 Convenience of cash management 8.7 9.8 12.4 14.6 13.0 13.2 0.0 Bill payments 7.9 7.5 8.6 10.2 13.4 20.0 2.1 Transfer of money 3.7 2.7 2.6 3.5 3.6 10.1 4.3 Required by employer/government 1.2 11.6 2.2 1.9 3.6 3.0 10.6 Ability to borrow money 1.1 2.0 0.8 0.4 1.9 0.9 2.1 Emergency savings 8.6 9.0 8.6 11.2 13.1 7.6 10.6 Other reasons 5.1 3.9 5.5 5.9 4.1 6.2 10.6
Lack of money is the most commonly cited reason not to have an account, followed by preference for "cash at home", "don't see any advantages", and "do not trust banks". A significant proportion of respondents denied depositing money on bank accounts or transferring money between accounts. At the same time, a majority of respondents reported withdrawing funds from their accounts at least once in a month - Tables 3.2 -3.4 Table 3.2. Responses to the question "How often do you deposit money on the deposit/savings account (yours or some other household member's)?" (by Oblast, %) Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Several times a month 2.6 3.1 3.8 0.9 3.7 4.3 0.0 Once a month 8.0 7.2 8.0 7.9 11.3 6.0 9.6 Several times a year 6.9 7.7 7.0 8.6 9.5 6.1 11.5 Once a year 5.1 3.0 3.1 1.4 2.9 3.4 3.8 Less than once a year 4.3 2.1 2.1 1.7 3.9 1.8 0.0 Never 64.5 73.3 74.4 76.6 67.1 72.5 73.1 Do not know/unsure 8.6 3.6 1.6 2.8 1.6 6.1 1.9 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Table 3.3. Responses to the question "How often do you transfer money from your account?" (by Oblast, %) Brest Vitebsk Minsk Minsk Oblast Oblast Gomel OblastGrodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast City Several times a month 1.8 6.0 3.5 3.5 5.2 7.4 0.0 Once a month 2.6 5.2 2.4 1.7 7.0 4.4 0.0 Several times a year 4.6 4.2 4.0 5.4 3.1 5.5 1.9 Once a year 3.5 1.4 1.1 1.2 2.0 0.8 0.0 Less than once a year 5.5 2.8 1.8 2.7 2.2 1.9 11.5 Never 70.0 75.6 84.1 81.0 78.0 72.9 86.5 Do not know/unsure 12.0 4.8 3.1 4.5 2.5 7.0 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25
Table 3.4. Responses to the question "How often do you withdraw money from the deposit/savings account (yours or some other household member's)?" (by Oblast, %) Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Several times a month 30.5 45.6 54.9 56.9 55.2 54.3 30.8 Once a month 41.5 34.4 27.4 25.5 27.9 23.3 40.4 Several times a year 5.2 5.1 3.3 2.1 1.9 2.7 5.8 Once a year 3.1 1.1 2.1 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.0 Less than once a year 3.3 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.2 0.9 13.5 Never 10.7 8.8 8.0 7.9 7.9 12.0 9.6 Do not know/unsure 5.6 3.2 2.4 5.2 4.7 6.3 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
More than one-half of those surveyed withdraw cash in an ATM, post office or bank branch. Grodno Oblast has an above-average proportion of respondents withdrawing cash in post offices (25.8%). In Vitebsk Oblast, 16.8% reported receiving cash in bank branches. Funds a deposited mostly in bank branches. A relatively high percentage of respondents (24.7%) reported using this method in Minsk Oblast - Table 3.5 -3.6
Table 3.5. Responses to the question "When you need to get cash (banknotes) from the account, how do you usually get it?" (by Oblast, %) Vitebsk Gomel Minsk Minsk Brest Oblast Oblast Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast City ATM 54.6 51.4 55.5 51.2 52.7 59.2 67.7 Bank branch 16.7 18.6 11.7 14.2 17.3 11.9 12.9 Post Office 18.9 22.9 25.0 25.8 20.9 19.9 17.7 I don't use cash 0.8 2.2 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 Do not know/unsure 9.0 5.0 6.6 8.5 9.2 8.4 1.6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Figure 2.3. Responses to the question "How do you deposit money on your account?" (by Oblast, %) Vitebsk Gomel Minsk Brest Oblast Oblast Oblast Grodno Oblas Oblast Mogilev OblastMinsk City ATM 3.3 1.7 2.0 0.8 2.6 2.4 0.0 Bank branch 17.3 18.0 16.1 19.2 24.7 17.0 25.0 Post Office 1.4 3.0 1.7 2.1 0.9 1.4 0.0 I do not deposit cash 68.0 73.0 76.4 74.7 68.4 73.0 75.0 Do not know/unsure 10.0 4.4 3.8 3.2 3.4 6.2 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Use of the overdraft facility is most common in Vitebsk Oblast (13.7%) and Grodno Oblast (11.9%). Vitebsk and Grodno Oblasts were in top positions by the proportion of respondents who reported the use of m-banking (22.6 and 10.8%,
26 respectively). Similarly, Vitebsk Oblast was in first place by the use of Internet banking (14.3%). The probability of having a bank account was positively related to being 36 - 65 years of age, having higher or post-university education, being married and working in a managerial position or a blue-collar job. Savings and investments Minsk Oblast had the highest proportion of respondents who reported owning a bank deposit directly or through a family member - fig. 3.9.
Deposit ownership by respondent Family member owns a deposit Deposit ownership at household level
Figure 3.7 – Percentage of respondents reporting ownership of a bank deposit directly or through a family member, by Oblast Of all types of deposit, on demand deposits were the most prevalent across all Oblasts - Table 3.7.
Table 3.7. Responses to the question "Do you currently have, or had in the last 12 months, any of the following savings/deposit accounts?", by Oblast Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Current account/on- demand deposit 15.0 8.2 8.1 8.5 20.3 10.1 16.1 Time deposit 2.9 5.9 4.4 8.0 7.2 4.4 6.5 Credit union account 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 Other 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.0
The most commonly cited reason for having a deposit was "keeping money safe" - Table 3.8.
Figure 3.8. Responses to the question "What are the reasons for you to have a savings account?" by Oblast, % Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk
27 Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Keep money safe 49.5 55.8 52.7 48.2 56.0 51.7 9.1 To gain access to other financial services 7.1 2.0 10.2 3.0 12.8 7.0 18.2 Earn interest/return on saving 21.7 35.5 31.7 48.2 23.9 34.8 72.7 Resist temptation to spend 25.0 26.9 21.0 23.5 18.5 15.9 9.1 Save money for a specific purchase 13.7 10.2 13.8 13.3 14.4 12.4 27.3 To be able to borrow money 1.4 3.0 0.6 0.6 4.3 0.5 18.2 Save money for a specific purchase 17.0 17.3 13.8 16.9 14.4 14.9 36.4 Save for emergency needs 17.0 32.5 26.3 34.9 21.7 17.4 27.3 Prevent family members from spending money 5.2 3.6 2.4 4.2 2.2 5.0 9.1 Other reasons 2.8 0.5 4.8 0.6 3.5 2.0 0.0
Most commonly cited reasons for not having an account included lack of money, no need, preference for cash at home, and distrust in banks. Lack of money was the most frequently given as a reason by respondents in Grodno and Mogilev Oblasts, and lack of need was mostly cited by respondents in Gomel Oblast (41%). Preference for cash at home was particularly widespread among respondents in Minsk city (19%), as was the lack of trust in banks (41.2%) - Table 3.9.
Table 3.9. Responses to the question "What are the reasons for you not to have a savings account?" (by Oblast, %) Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City I have no job 12.9 5.7 8.2 7.5 10.6 10.3 9.8 I do not have enough money 46.8 54.4 50.7 59.7 51.6 59.5 52.9 Nobody keeps their savings in bank 2.2 4.6 2.0 6.2 2.0 4.1 2.0 Bank location is not convenient 1.3 2.2 3.7 2.5 0.9 0.3 0.0 Financial products are not suitable 8.3 14.3 6.9 9.3 8.4 8.1 13.7 Interest rate offered on deposits is too low 2.8 9.1 6.9 6.1 5.9 3.9 15.7 No need 31.5 22.9 41.0 33.1 36.8 27.1 27.5 Bank staff is rude or unhelpful 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 2.0 Do not trust banks 15.8 7.1 8.4 14.5 10.0 7.4 41.2 Do not know how to open an account 1.5 2.0 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.5 2.0 I wanted to open deposit account but was refused 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 I prefer keeping money at home 16.0 7.0 12.7 7.7 12.2 10.3 19.6 I prefer to invest my savings 2.3 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.3 2.9 7.8
28 Other reasons 1.7 1.2 0.3 1.6 1.3 1.1 5.9
The frequency of depositing and withdrawal activities is shown in Tables 3.10 - 3.11
Table 3.10. Responses to the question "How often do you deposit money on the deposit/savings account (yours or some other household member's)?" (by Oblast, %) Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Several times a month 3.2 2.3 3.4 1.3 4.3 3.9 0.0 Once a month 16.8 15.7 12.8 19.0 20.9 16.0 15.4 Several times a year 20.0 24.1 17.9 31.6 21.5 25.8 46.2 Once a year 15.6 14.9 15.4 13.4 4.5 11.3 15.4 Less than once a year 10.4 8.8 12.0 6.1 6.8 2.7 0.0 Never 10.4 24.1 32.5 21.6 37.3 26.6 23.1 Do not know/unsure 23.6 10.0 6.0 6.9 4.7 13.7 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Table 3.11. Responses to the question "How often do you withdraw money from the deposit/savings account (yours or some other household member's)?" (by Oblast, %) Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Several times a month 2.8 6.5 7.3 5.6 13.9 9.4 0.0 Once a month 6.0 12.6 8.1 7.8 23.9 9.8 0.0 Several times a year 11.2 10.0 9.0 14.3 12.2 14.5 15.4 Once a year 6.8 2.7 4.3 10.0 5.8 5.5 0.0 Less than once a year 12.8 16.9 13.7 10.4 8.5 12.5 30.8 Never 33.6 40.2 47.9 44.2 28.8 34.4 53.8 Do not know/unsure 26.8 11.1 9.8 7.8 7.0 14.1 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Deposit ownership is associated with the following respondent characteristics: age 36 - 65, higher or postgraduate education, married, employed in management positions, white collar workers, and self-employed.
Credit Most credits obtained by the respondents are from banks. Loans from credit unions were the most prevalent among respondents in Minsk City (5.4%) and Gomel Oblast (4.2%) - fig. 3.10.
29
Figure 2.12 – Reported sources of credit (%)
Personal loan was the most common type of credit. Receipt of this type of loan was reported by 57.2% of respondents in Brest Oblast. Other common products included Instalment purchase credit (most prevalent among respondents in Gomel and Vitebsk Oblast), housing loan (receipt of this loan was reported by 42.9% of respondents in Minsk City), and personal loan (use was reported by 12.6% of respondents in Vitebsk Oblast), home improvement loan (owned by 10.7% of respondents from Minsk Oblast) - Table 3.12
Table 3.14. Types of credit utilised by the survey respondents, by Oblast Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Personal loan 11.3 12.6 7.5 11.6 8.2 9.6 0.0 Consumer credit 57.5 50.9 49.1 54.0 48.9 54.1 14.3 Instalment purchase credit 20.3 37.4 37.7 21.2 28.9 33.6 14.3 Housing loan 14.2 15.0 6.1 18.7 14.3 9.2 42.9 Home improvement loan 4.2 6.5 6.1 3.5 10.7 3.5 0.0 Vehicle loan 6.1 4.1 7.1 1.5 3.6 3.5 28.6 Educational loan 1.4 0.9 2.4 0.0 2.5 0.9 0.0 Health loan 0.0 0.3 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 Holiday loan 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Business loan 0.9 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.0 Other 2.4 0.3 1.9 1.5 1.8 4.8 0.0
Across the Oblasts, respondents who denied using credit typically gave the following reasons: "no need", "interest rates are too high", "do not have enough money to repay", and "don't want to owe anything to anyone" - Table 3.13.
30 Table 3.13. Responses to the question "If you have not been using credit what is the main reason?" (by Oblast, %) Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City No need 50.5 37.3 53.8 55.9 51.2 52.7 49.1 Do not have enough money to repay 21.1 26.2 21.9 18.9 23.9 21.3 36.4 Credit interest rate is too high 22.7 29.9 29.1 26.3 27.3 23.5 47.3 Don't want to owe anything to anyone 18.4 19.1 19.1 27.0 20.2 14.4 21.8 Credit terms are not suitable 6.0 12.5 5.5 7.5 8.9 7.5 21.8 Bank location is not convenient 0.6 1.4 2.2 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.0 I was refused a credit 1.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.8 0.0 Bank staff is rude or unhelpful 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.8 I use alternative sources of loans 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.0 Other reasons 4.3 1.4 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.2 5.5 The probability of using credit was positively associated with being 26 to 45 years of age, married or divorced, and having secondary or higher education. The social status characteristics associated with the highest probability of using credit varied across Oblasts. It was highest among the self-employed and army personnel in Brest Oblast, managers in Vitebsk Oblast, self-employed and white collar workers in Gomel Oblast, army personnel in Grodno Oblast, army personnel and managers in Minsk Oblast, white collar workers ad managers in Mogilev Oblast, and army personnel and managers in Minsk City.
Insurance
Utilisation of insurance services was highest among respondents in Brest Oblast (61.8%), followed by Minsk City (45.2%). At the household level, utilisation of insurance services was also highest in Brest Oblast (75.2%) - fig. 3.11.
Insurance owned by respondent
Family member has insurance
Figure 3.11. Use of insurance services by individuals and households, by region
31 Property insurance, auto insurance and life insurance were the most common types of services utilised by the respondents - Table 3.14. Table 3.14. Types of insurance services utilised by the survey respondents, by Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Auto insurance 34.6 24.8 24.3 27.5 29.7 27.3 25.8 Property insurance 37.1 30.2 30.5 40.5 39.3 36.9 19.4 Livestock insurance 4.5 7.8 4.6 3.9 4.5 5.2 0.0 Crop insurance 0.5 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.8 0.0 Business insurance 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.0 Travel insurance 3.0 0.9 3.5 2.6 5.7 2.0 16.1 Life insurance 10.9 8.7 5.4 12.3 8.3 11.6 4.8 Health insurance 8.3 5.8 5.6 3.0 3.6 2.1 6.5 Oblast Respondents gave the following reasons for not having insurance: "no need", "too expensive", and "do not trust insurance companies" - Table 3.15.
Figure 2.3. Responses to the question "What are the reasons for you not to have insurance?" (by Oblast, %) Vitebsk Minsk Minsk Brest Oblast Oblast Gomel OblastGrodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast City Insurance term is too long 0.9 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.7 2.8 5.9 Too expensive 14.0 32.3 18.2 11.7 19.8 17.2 52.9 I did not know that such service exists in Belarus 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.1 0.0 No need 74.1 56.6 72.6 77.0 68.5 66.6 44.1 I do not trust insurance companies 13.3 16.9 17.6 19.9 17.7 15.9 32.4 Other reasons 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.7 3.4 4.1 0.0
Insurance ownership is associated with the following respondent characteristics: age 36 - 65, higher or postgraduate education, married, employed in management positions, self-employed and army personnel. The highest levels of financial literacy were displayed by respondents from Minsk and Vitebsk Oblasts. Relative to the national average of 56%, compound financial literacy index was 69.2% in Minsk Oblast, and 64.4% in Vitebsk Oblast. The lowest financial literacy levels were recorded in Brest Oblast (40.4%) and Minsk City (32.3%) - fig. 3.12.
32 Прев ышение на 20 % и более 20%+Прев ыaboveшени еthe на national10 - 19. 9 mean% 10Не ‐ зн20%+ачите aboveльное оtheткл nationalонение м meanежду - 9.9 и 9. 9 % 9.99Откл belowонение to о т9.99% -19.9 дaboveо -10 %the national mean Новополоцк 10От кtoл о19.99%нение н belowиже -2 0the% national mean # 20%+ below the national mean 62.3 # Полоцк Витебск 52.5 # В среднем по Беларуси - 56% 77.0 Витебская 64.4 Орша # 52.5
Жодино # Могилев 85.2 # г.Минск 40.3 Гродно # 32.3 69.4 Могилевская 49.3 Гродненская Бобруйск 60.1 Барановичи # # Минская 29.0 46.8 69.2
Брестская Гомель # 40.4 46.8
Брест Пинск Гомельская # # 59.7 60.7 50.8
Figure 3.12. Proportion of respondents who are financially literate
In sum, regional variation in financial inclusion varies across Oblasts within 10% from the national mean. This variation is significantly higher for credit and deposit services. Respondents from Vitebsk Oblast use credit more frequently, and savings products less frequently than in the other Oblasts. Financial literacy levels are highest among respondents from Minsk and Vitebsk Oblasts, and lowest among respondents from Brest Oblast ad Minsk City.
33 4. District-level analysis of demand for financial services
Across sub-national units (Districts), significant variations exist in demand and financial inclusion indicators. As compared to the average national Total Financial Inclusion Index (TFI-1), the index values for Khotimsk and Shklov Districts were 98.4%, Chashniki District, 96.8%, and Drogichin, Klimovichi, Klichev and Ostrovets Districts, 96.7%. The following districts, on the other hand, had TFI-1 values significantly below the national average: Vitebsk (55.0%), Shumilino (61.7%), Mogilev (65.6%), Loev (66.7%), Lepel (68.9%) - Fig. 4.1.
Верхнедвинский 95.1 Россонский80.3 Превышение на 20 % и более 20%+ above the national mean Превышение на 10- 19. 9 % Миорский Городокский83.6 Н10ез ‐ на20%+чител aboveьное от theклон nationalение меж meanду -9. 9 и 9. 9 % 86.9 Браславский86.9 9.99Откло belowнение оtoт -9.99%19. 9 до above-10 % the national mean Полоцкий86.9 10 to 19.99% below the national mean Отклонение ниже - 20 % Шарковщинский93.4 Шумилинский61.7 20%+ below the national mean Витебский55.0 Поставский93.4 Глубокский85.2 Ушачский95.1 83.6 Лиозненский90.2 В среднем по Беларуси - 84,6% Лепельский Мядельский Докшицкий 68.9 90.2 77.0 96.8Сенненский78.7 Островецкий96.7 Чашникский Дубровенский Оршанский70.5 95.1 93.4Вилейский90.3 Толочинский83.6 Сморгонский Логойский Крупский Горецкий Ошмянский77.0 86.9 90.2 83.6 95.2 Борисовский Молодечненский77.4 93.4 Шкловский98.4 Вороновский Белыничский 83.6Мстиславльский91.8 78.7 Смолевичский77.0 Ивьевский85.2 86.9 75.4Могилевский Щучинский Минский82.3 65.6 Чаусский Воложинский Березинский86.9 82.0 71.0 Лидский83.6 Червенский85.5 Климовичский96.7 Гродненский86.9 86.9 75.4 Новогрудский91.8 Столбцовский Славгородский82.0 82.0 Кличевский96.7 72.1 Хотимский98.4 Ко93.4реличский Пуховичский75.4 Быховский82.0 Дятловский90.2 90.2 Костюковичский93.4 Узденский Осиповичский90.2 Кировский 93.4 Мостовский77.0 72.6 Несвижский Кормянский Волковысский90.2 88.5 91.8 Рогачевский83.6 86.7 Барановичский91.8 Слуцкий90.2 Берестовицкий 88.5Слонимский78.7 86.9 85.2 Бобруйский72.1 82.0Копыльский Чечерский70.5 Свислочский86.9 88.5Клецкий Глусский91.8 Жлобинский93.4 88.5Ветковский Иванцевичский83.6 Солигорский80.3 83.6 Октябрьский 72.1 85.2 91.8Светлогорский88.5 Пружанский83.6 Ганцевичский Любанский Березовский88.5 Гомельский Каменецкий85.2 90.2 88.5 78.7 Лунинецкий Речицкий77.0 Добрушский Ивановский Петриковский83.6 Жа бинковск86.9 ий 80.3 80.3 Пинский83.6 Житк72.1 овичский Калинковичский 78.7Кобринский90.2 96.7 Брестский Дрогичинский Мозырский78.7 Лоевский66.7 Столинский77.0 Хойникский Малоритский85.2 Лельчицкий73.8 83.3 73.3 96.7 Ельский 85.2 Брагинский Наровлянский
Figure 4.1. Total Financial Inclusion Index (TFI-1), % The variations across districts by the degree of financial inclusion are further highlighted by differences in bank account ownership rates, frequency of depositing activities, and the use of credit and insurance. The share of respondents who reported ownership of a bank account was highest in Klichev District (96.7%), followed by Shklov and Gorki Districts (91.8% and 87.1%, respectively), and Baranovichi, Glussk, Uzda and Ushachi Districts (86.9%). Relative to the national average of 69.3%, Bobruisk District had an exceptionally low bank account ownership rate of only 29.5%. Other districts with low bank account ownership included Vitebsk (40.0%), Gorodok and Braslav (47.5%), and Ivye (49.2%) - fig. 4.2. However, the numbers for Bobruisk were somewhat affected by 34 abnormal sample characteristics. As many as 54.1% of respondents from Bobruisk District were not working, and another 31.1% were blue-collar workers.
Превышение на 20 % и более 20%+Прев aboveыше нtheие nationalна 10- mean19. 9 % 10 ‐ 20%+ above the national mean Верхнедвинский 9.99Нез нbelowачит toел 9.99%ьное aboveоткл оtheне nationalние ме meanжду - 9. 9 и 9. 9 % 73.8 Россонский75.4 10От toкл 19.99%онени belowе от - the19. national9 до -1 0mean% Миорский Городокский47.5 20%+ below the national mean 73.8 Отклонение ниже -20 % Браславский47.5 Полоцкий85.2 77.0 Шарковщинский Шумилинский56.7 Витебск40.0 ий Поставский72.1 Глубокский77.0 Ушачский86.9 В среднем по Беларуси - 69,3% 63.9 Лиозненский62.3 Лепельский 52.5 Мядельский75.4 Докшицкий59.0 59.7Сенненский78.7 Островецкий86.9 Чашникский Дубровенск82.0 ий Оршанский62.3 72.1 Вилейский85.5 Толочинский70.5 Сморгонский Горецкий Ошмянский63.9 Логойский68.9 77.0 Крупский59.0 87.1 Молодечненский64.5 Борисовский Круглянский78.7 Шкловский91.8 83.6 Вороновский Белыничский Мстиславский73.8 50.8 Смолевичский65.6 Ивьевский49.2 70.5 52.5Могилевский Кричевский Минский74.2 59.0 Чаусский Щучинский Воложинский Березинский54.1 72.1 59.7 80.3 Лидский73.8 Червенск59.7 ий Климовичский72.1 Гродненский57.4 Дзержинский68.9 72.1 77.0 Столбцовский Славгородский 63.9 Кличевский96.7 54.1 Хотимский85.2 Новогрудский77.0 Пуховичский67.2 Быховский75.4 Дятловский60.7 86.9 70.5Костюковичский85.2 Узденский Осиповичский85.2 Мостовский65.6 Кировский61.3 68.9 Несвижский Кормянский 72.1Волк овысский 80.3 Рогачевский54.1 70.0 Барановичский86.9 Слуцкий83.6 Бобруйск ий Берестовицкий 60.7Слонимский59.0 55.7 70.5 29.5 70.5Копыльский Чечерский79.5 Свислочский67.2 72.1Клецкий Глусский86.9 Жлобинский73.8 55.7 Ветковский59.0 Иванцевичский72.1 Солигорск70.5 ий 70.5 Светлогорский 70.5 Любанский 68.9 78.7 Пружанский Ганцевичский Буда-Кошелевский 50.8 Октябрьский Березовский Каменецкий67.2 73.8 Гомельский57.4 68.9 Речицкий63.9 72.1Добрушский Лунинецкий Петриковск62.3 ий Жаби нко вский Ивановск ий 68.9 62.3 67.2 Пинский60.7 Жи тко63.9 ви чский Калинковичский 70.5 Кобринский62.3 63.9 Брестский Дрогичинский Мозырский75.4 Лоевский55.0 Столинский50.8 Хойникский Малоритский67.2 Лельчицкий60.7 66.7 56.7 Ельский72.1 Браг инский Наровлянский75.4
Figure 4.2. Percentage of respondents reporting ownership of a bank account Savings services are used the most extensively in Minsk and Grodno Oblasts, and less frequently in Vitebsk and Gomel Oblasts. Averaging at 16.4% nation-wide, deposit ownership was reported by 65.6% of respondents from Slutsk District, 45.2% from Vileika District, 39.3% from Kopyl District, and 37.7% from Borisov District. Reported depositing activity was negligible in Polotsk and Bobruisk Districts (0.0%), Chashniki, Stolbtsy and Senno Districts (1.6%), and in Chechersk, Khotimsk, Smorgon, Oshmyany and Gorodok Districts (3.3%) - fig. 4.3.
35 Превышение на 20 % и более 20%+Прев aboveышен иtheе нnationalа 10-19 .mean9 % 10 ‐ 20%+ above the national mean Верхнедвинский Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9.9 % 16.4 Россонский9.8 9.99Отк лbelowонени toе о9.99%т -19 .above9 до - 1the0 %national mean 10От toкл 19.99%онение belowниже the-20 national% mean Миорский8.2 Городокский3.3 20%+ below the national mean Браславский8.2 Полоцкий0.0 Шарковщинский11.5 Шумилинский8.3 Витебский35.0 В среднем по Беларуси - 16,4% Поставский27.9 Глубокский13.1 Ушачский27.9 Лиозненский26.2 16.4 Лепельский Мядельский 9.8 24.6 Докшицкий9.8 1.6 Сенненский1.6 Островецкий18.0 Чашникский Дубровенский13.1 Оршанский4.9 3.3 Вилейский45.2 Толочинский6.6 Сморгонский Горецкий Ошмянский3.3 Логойский18.0 37.7 Крупс11.5 кий 21.0 Молодечненский19.4 Борисовский Круглянский14.8 Шкловский21.3 Белыничский 6.6 Мстиславский18.0 Вороновский6.6 Смолевичский Ивьевский19.7 16.4 Могилевский Кричевский 19.7 Минский29.0 11.5 Щучинский 18.0 Чаусский16.4 Воложинский Березинский14.8 8.1 23.0 Лидский4.9 Червенский16.1 Климовичский9.8 Гродненский16.4 Дзержинский23.0 27.9 23.0 Столбцовский Славгородский 1.6 Кличевский4.9 21.3 8.2 Хотимский3.3 Новогрудский13.1 Пуховичский16.4 Быховский Дятловский11.5 39.3 21.3Кос тюковичский21.3 16.4 Узденский Осиповичский26.2 Кировский8.1 Мостовский Кормянский 24.6 19.7 Несвижский13.1 21.7 Волковысский Барановичский32.8 Рогачевский8.2 Берестовицкий 19.7 Слуцкий65.6 Бобруйский0.0 Слонимский8.2 39.3 21.3 Чечерский3.3 27.9Копыльский Свислочский21.3 23.0Клецкий Глусский14.8 Жлобинский4.9 29.5 Ветковский9.8 Иванцевичский23.0 Солигорский29.5 36.1 Светлогорский 31.1 Любанский 6.6 16.4 Пружанский Ганцевичский Буда-Кошелевский 18.0 Октябрьский Березовский16.4 Гомельский Каменецкий9.8 8.2 9.8 6.6 Лунинецкий Речицкий14.8 Добрушский Петриковский Жабинковский Ивановский 8.2 14.8 13.1 6.6 Пинский8.2 Житковичский13.1 Калинковичский 14.8 Кобринский8.2 14.8 Брестский Дрогичинский Мозырский18.0 Лоевский11.7 Столинский16.4 Хойникский Малоритский19.7 Лельчицкий8.2 15.0 6.7 Ельский9.8 Брагинский Наровлянский8.2
Figure 4.2. Percentage of respondents reporting ownership of a deposits Reported use of credit was significantly above the national average of 18.5% in multiple districts of Vitebsk, Minsk, and Grodno Oblasts. Use of credit is the most prevalent in Khotimsk District (47.5%), Lida District (39.3%), Kostiukovichi District (37.7%), and Baranovichi, Rossony and Senno Districts (36.1%). Use of credit was the least common in Vitebsk District (0.0%), Klichev District (1.6%), Stolbtsy District (3.3%), Chashniki District (4.8%), Ivatsevichi and Tolochin Districts (4.9%), and Korma District (5.0%) - fig. 4.4.
36 Прев ышение на 20 % и более 20%+ above the national mean Верхнедвинский Прев ышение на 10-19. 9 % 16.4 Россонский 10 ‐ 20%+ above the national mean 36.1 Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9.9 % 9.99Отк лbelowонени toе о 9.99%т -19.9 above до -10 the% national mean Миорский Городокский24.6 10 to 19.99% below the national mean 14.8 Отклонение ниже -20% Браславский18.0 Полоцкий14.8 20%+ below the national mean Ша рковщинский18.0 Шумилинский28.3 В среднем по Беларуси - 18,5% Витебский0.0 Поставский27.9 Глубокский13.1 Ушачский29.5 24.6 Лиозненский31.1 Лепельский Мядельский 18.0 13.1 Докшицкий9.8 4.8 Сенненский36.1 Островецкий26.2 Чашникский Дубровенский31.1 Оршанский27.9 8.2 Вилейский21.0 Тол очинский4.9 Сморгонский Горецкий Ошмянский3.3 Логойский11.5 32.8 Крупский18.0 9.7 Молодечненский21.0 Борисовский Круглянский18.0 Шкловский21.3 Белыничский 8.2 Мстиславский26.2 Вороновский18.0 Смолевичский Ивьевский11.5 31.1 Могилевский Кричевский 26.2 Минский 13.1 Щучинский 25.8 13.1 Чаусский Воложинский Березинский11.5 13.1 19.4 23.0 Лидский39.3 Червенский27.4 Климовичский6.6 Гродненский14.8 Дзержинский18.0 16.4 23.0 Столбцовский Славгородский 3.3 Кличевский1.6 6.6 Хотимский47.5 Новогрудский8.2 Пуховичский13.1 Быховский8.2 Дятловский13.1 16.4 18.0Костюковичский37.7 19.7 Узденский Осиповичский18.0 Кировский6.5 Мостовский Кормянский 19.7 26.2 Несвижский19.7 5.0 Волковысский Барановичский36.1 Рогачевский11.5 Берестовицкий 24.6 Слуцкий24.6 Бобруйский8.2 Слонимский13.1 18.0 9.8 Чечерский 19.7Копыл ьский 16.4 Свислочский13.1 19.7Клецкий Глусский19.7 Жлобинский14.8 13.1 Ветковский24.6 Иванцевичский4.9 Солигорский24.6 23.0 Светлогорский 13.1 Любанский 14.8 21.3 Пружанский Ганцевичский Буда-Кошелевский 9.8 Октябрьский Березовский Гомельский Ка19.7 мене цкий 11.5 18.0 13.1 Речицкий8.2 19.7Добрушский Лунинецкий Петриковский Жабинковский Ивановский 16.4 13.1 36.1 6.6 Пинский19.7 Житковичский19.7 Калинковичский 27.9 Кобринский6.6 6.6 Брестский Дрогичинский Мозырский13.1 Лоевский20.0 Столинский8.2 Хойникский10.0 Малоритский11.5 Лельчицкий19.7 16.7 Ельский9.8 Брагинский Наровлянский27.9
Figure 4.2. Percentage of respondents reporting the use of credit Ownership of insurance products was highest in Khotimsk District (95.1%), Chashniki District (91.9%), Liozno District (86.9%), Krasnopolye District (85.2%), Verkhnedvinsk District (83.6%), and Yelsk and Mstislavl Districts (80.3%). Some subnational administrative units, however, had very low utilisation of insurance services in comparison to the national average of 55.5%. The most notable examples include Senno District (18.0%)), Shumilino District (18.3%), Polotsk District (19.7%), Chechersk District (23.0%), Kalinkovichi District (26.2%), Mogilev and Vetka Districts (27.9%) - fig. 4.5. Financial literacy levels also varied considerably across districts.
37 Прев ышение на 20 % и более 20%+Прев aboveыше нtheие national на 10- 1mean9. 9 % 10Не ‐ з20%+начи aboveтель нtheое nationalотклон meanение между -9.9-9.9 % 9.99Отк belowлонен toи е9.99% от - 1above9.9 д theо - 1national0 % mean Верхнедвинский 10 to 19.99% below the national mean 83.6 Россонский41.0 Отклонение ниже -20 % 20%+ below the national mean Миорский Городокский65.6 65.6 Браславский73.8 Полоцкий19.7 Шарковщин75.4 ск ий Шумилин18.3 ский В среднем по Беларуси - 55,6% Витебский36.7 Поставский72.1 Глубокский33.1 59.0 Ушачский 57.4 Лиозненский86.9 Лепельский Мядельский 31.1 65.6 Докшицкий37.7 91.9Сенненский18.0 Островецкий72.1 Чашникск ий Дубровенский70.5 Оршанский31.1 57.4 Вилейский66.1 Толочинский54.1 Сморгонский Логойский Горецкий Ошмянский44.3 57.4 67.2 Крупский65.6 48.4 Молодечненский50.0 Борисовский 68.9 Шк ловский59.0 Белыничский 37.7Мстиславский80.3 Вороновский65.6 Смолевичский Ивьевский77.0 42.6 Могилевский 60.7 Минский 55.7 Щучинский 48.4 27.9 Чаусский59.0 Воложинский Березинский59.0 50.0 70.5 Лидский37.7 Червенский71.0 Климовичский72.1 Гродненский34.4 Дзержинский65.6 37.7 Новогрудский57.4 Столбцовский Славгородский 63.9 Кличевский67.2 47.5 Хотимский95.1 Кор78.7еличский Пуховичский49.2 Быховский42.6 Дятловский77.0 68.9 Костюковичский85.2 63.9 59.0 Узденский Осиповичский55.7 Кировский40.3 Мостовский Кормянский 55.7 47.5 Несвижский67.2 63.3 Волковысский Барановичский57.4 Рогачевский62.3 63.9 Слуцк59.0 ий Бобруйск60.7 ий Берестовицкий Слонимский73.8 59.0 50.8 Чечерский23.0 59.0Копыльский Свислочский62.3 67.2Клецкий Глусский60.7 Жлобинский63.9 68.9 Ветковский Иванцевичский50.8 Солигорский49.2 59.0 Октябрьский 27.9 62.3 72.1Светлогорский59.0 Пружанский77.0 Ганцевичский Любанский Каменецкий65.6 Березовский55.7 Гомельский49.2 57.4 Речицкий52.5 42.6Добрушский Лунинецкий Петриковский Жабинковский Ивановский 59.0 26.2 65.6 Житковичский54.1 Калинковичский Кобринский68.9 78.7 50.8 Пинский57.4 44.3 Лоевский Брестский Дрогичинский Мозырский29.5 55.0 Столинский62.3 Малоритский54.1 Лельчицкий45.9 Хойникский43.3 45.0 Ельский80.3 42.6 Брагинский Наровлянский
Figure 4.2. Percentage of respondents reporting ownership of insurance products Nation-wide, 56% of respondents were able to answer correctly at least one financial literacy question. Financial literacy levels. however, varied greatly across districts, from illiterate to fully literate. The 'high literacy' group included Narovlya, Polotsk and Rossony Districts, where as many as 98.4% of respondents who correctly answered at least one financial literacy question. In Vitebsk District, also defined as 'fully literate' this proportion was 96.7%, in Kirovsk District, 95.2%, and in Smorgon District, 95.1% - fig. 4.6. The following areas with the lowest proportion of correct responses to at least one question were defined as 'low-literacy': Bobruisk District (9.8%), Mozyr District (11.5%), Pinsk District (21.3%), and Dobrush District (23.0%). .
38
20%+Превы шaboveение н theа 20 national% и более mean Превышение на 10-19.9 % Верхнедвинский 10 ‐ 20%+ above the national mean 33.9 Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9.9 % Россонский25.0 9.99Отк ло belowнение оtoт - 19.99%9.9 до -above10 % the national mean Миорский Городокский34.2 10Отк toло н19.99%ение ни жbelowе -20 % the national mean 62.7 Браславский50.9 20%+ below the national mean Полоцкий27.9 33.9 Шарковщинский Шумилинский52.7 Витебск57.1 ий В среднем по Беларуси - 56% Поставский47.5 Глубокский37.3 Ушачский36.2 39.3 Лиозненский49.2 Лепельский 46.4 Мядельский83.6 Докшицкий55.2 78.6Сенненский22.4 Островецкий45.9 Чашникский Дубровенский70.0 Оршанский70.4 95.1 Вилейский74.2 Толочинский91.4 Сморгонский Горецк ий Ошмянский78.7 Логойский34.4 72.1 Крупский82.0 50.0 Молодечненский80.6 Борисовский Круглянский39.3 Шкловский36.1 88.5 Вороновский Белыничский Мстиславльский44.3 37.7 Смолевичский60.7 Ивьевский54.1 62.3 70.5Могилевский Кричевский Минский71.0 44.3 Чаусский Щучинский Воложинский Березинский80.3 60.7 37.1 60.7 Лидский50.8 Червенск85.5 ий Климовичский45.9 Гродненский47.5 Дзержинский88.5 57.4 37.7 Столбцовский Славгородский 36.1 Кличевский67.2 9.8 Хотимский86.9 Новогрудский83.6 Пуховичский52.5 Быховский63.9 Дятловский75.4 65.6 29.5Костюковичский44.3 Узденский Осиповичский52.5 Мостовский37.7 Кировский95.2 55.7 Несвижский Кормянский 75.4Волк овысский 60.7 Рогачевский50.8 51.7 Барановичский45.9 Слуцкий85.2 Бобруйск9.8 ий Берестовицкий 41.0Слонимский72.1 67.2 47.5 68.9Копыльский Чечерский72.1 Свислочский63.9 26.2Клецкий Глусский31.1 Жлобин85.2 ск ий 70.5 Ветковский9.8 Иванцевичский47.5 Солигорск57.4 ий 90.2 Светлогорский 54.1 Любанский 49.2 67.2 Пружанский Ган цевич ск ий Буда-Кошелевский 37.7 Октябрьский 27.9 Березовский55.7 Гомельский Каменецкий 36.1 62.3 23.0 Лунинецкий Речицкий54.1 Добрушский Петриковск42.6 ий Жаби нко вски й Ивановск ий 31.1 27.9 26.2 Пинский21.3 Житко70.5 вичский Калинковичский 27.9 Кобринский37.7 44.3 Брестский Дрогич инский Мозырский11.5 Лоевский23.3 Столинский42.6 Хойникский Малоритский41.0 Лельчицкий70.5 46.7 26.7 Ельский52.5 Браг инский Наровлянский98.4
Figure 4.16. Proportion of respondents who are financially literate
39 Conclusion
A significant proportion of the population are 'financially excluded'. 15.4% reported not using any services, and another 30.3% acknowledged using 1 - 2 services, mainly related to the receipt of their salaries. Banking and cash transactions were used by 69.3% of respondents, and savings by only 16.4%. Little over one-half of the survey sample were using insurance services, and around one-fifth (18.5%) were users of insurance services. Despite high ownership of banking and cash services (69.3% of individuals and 69.3% of households reported using such services), the share of respondents holding 'voluntary' accounts, i.e. for reasons other than receipt of salaries, social benefits and money transfers, was only 3.7%. Use of m-banking was reported by 9.2%, overdraft facility by 8.2%, and Internet-banking by 7.3% of the survey participants. As follows from the financial behaviour study conducted as a part of this survey, 40.4% of respondents periodically deposit cash in banks for interest, and 10.8% do so on a regular basis. The absolute majority (60.5%) prefer to keep money in cash. Some 18.5% of respondents reported receipt of a loan from a financial institutions within the twelve months preceding the survey. The number who received the loan directly or through a family member was 26.2%. Credit card ownership was reported by 9.9%. Informal borrowing was practised by 38.7% of respondents; 18.4% practised informal borrowing 1 - 2 times in a year, 10.6% 1 - 2 times in three months, 6.1% 'nearly every month' and 3.7% 'every month'. The largest shares of respondents reported borrowing from friends or family, neighbours, and colleagues at work. More than a half of the survey respondents reported paying their bills in cash at a post office or bank, and another 11.3% were paying in cash at the utility provider's office. Little over a quarter of individuals (26.8%) reported using their debit or credit card to pay their bills. Financial literacy levels in Belarus are largely inadequate. More than two-thirds were not aware about the rates of interest on time deposits and were unable to correctly calculate the amount of interest receivable on a savings deposit. More than 85% were unable to name the approximate rate of inflation in Belarus in 2011. Only 5% of the survey participants were able to answer all three financial literacy questions correctly, and 44% could not answer any of the questions. Regional variation in financial inclusion across Oblasts is within 10% from the national mean. This variation is significantly higher for credit and deposit services. Respondents from Vitebsk Oblast use credit more frequently, and savings products less frequently than in the other Oblasts. Financial literacy levels are highest among
40 respondents from Minsk and Vitebsk Oblasts, and lowest among respondents from Brest Oblast and Minsk City. Across sub-national units (Districts), significant variations exist in demand and financial inclusion indicators. As compared to the average national Total Financial Inclusion Index (TFI-1), the index values for Khotimsk and Shklov Districts were 98.4%, Chashniki District, 96.8%, and Drogichin, Klimovichi, Klichev and Ostrovets Districts, 96.7%. The following districts, on the other hand, had TFI-1 values significantly below the national average: Vitebsk (55.0%), Shumilino (61.7%), Mogilev (65.6%), Loev (66.7%), Lepel (68.9%). In general, the analysis performed in the course of this survey has made it possible to identify the reasons for under-utilisation of certain types of financial services, and to identify the best and worst performing administrative units of Belarus on terms of access to finance. Regional monetary and credit policies can effectively be informed by such outcomes.
41
Annexes
42 Annex A. National-level demand statistics
Table А.1 – Explicit bank account ownership (If_bank_account_exp) Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid No 2479 31.0 31.0 31.0 Yes 5521 69.0 69.0 100.0 Total 8000 100.0 100.0
Table А.2 – Implicit bank account ownership (If_bank_account_imp) Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid No 4363 54.5 99.5 99.5 Yes 22 ,3 ,5 100.0 Total 4385 54.8 100.0 Missing System 3615 45.2 Total 8000 100.0
Table А.2 – Bank account ownership (If_bank_account) Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid No 2457 30.7 30.7 30.7 Yes 5543 69.3 69.3 100.0 Total 8000 100.0 100.0
Table А.4 – Bank account ownership at household level (If_bank_account_hh) Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid No 2023 25.3 25.3 25.3 Yes 5977 74.7 74.7 100.0 Total 8000 100.0 100.0
Table А.5 – Voluntary bank account ownership (If_voluntary_account) Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid No 5067 63.3 94.5 94.5 Yes 294 3.7 5.5 100.0 Total 5361 67.0 100.0 Missing System 2639 33.0 Total 8000 100.0
Table А.6 – Bank account usage by non-holders (Use_other_bank_account) Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid No 5830 72.9 97.5 97.5 Yes 147 1.8 2.5 100.0 Total 5977 74.7 100.0 Missing System 2023 25.3
Total 8000 100.0
Table А.7 – Bank account - frequency of depositing (Bank_account_freq_depositing) Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid None 4259 53.2 71.4 71.4 Frequent 189 2.4 3.2 74.5 Regular 482 6.0 8.1 82.6 Rarely 802 10.0 13.4 96.1 Do not know/unsure 235 2.9 3.9 100.0 Total 5967 74.6 100.0 Missing System 2033 25.4 Total 8000 100.0
Table А.8 - Frequency of withdrawing money from bank account (Bank_account_freq_withdrawal) Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid None 552 6.9 9.3 9.3 Frequent 2966 37.1 49.7 59.0 Regular 1784 22.3 29.9 88.9 Rarely 397 5.0 6.7 95.5 Do not know/unsure 268 3.4 4.5 100.0 Total 5967 74.6 100.0 Missing System 2033 25.4 Total 8000 100.0
Table A.9 - Frequency of making money transfers (Bank_account_freq_transfer) Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid None 4590 57.4 76.9 76.9 Frequent 283 3.5 4.7 81.7 Regular 243 3.0 4.1 85.7 Rarely 527 6.6 8.8 94.6 Do not know/unsure 324 4.1 5.4 100.0 Total 5967 74.6 100.0 Missing System 2033 25.4 Total 8000 100.0
Table А.10 - Use of the overdraft facility (Bank_account_freq_overdraft) Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid None 7075 88.4 88.4 88.4 Frequent 80 1.0 1.0 89.4 Regular 234 2.9 2.9 92.4 Rarely 502 6.3 6.3 98.6 Do not know/unsure 109 1.4 1.4 100.0 Total 8000 100.0 100.0
Table А.11 - Use of m-banking (Bank_account_freq_mobile) Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid None 6805 85.1 85.1 85.1 Frequent 545 6.8 6.8 91.9 Regular 312 3.9 3.9 95.8 Rarely 269 3.4 3.4 99.1 Do not know/unsure 69 ,9 ,9 100.0 Total 8000 100.0 100.0
Table А.12 - Use of Internet banking (Bank_account_freq_internet) Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid None 7045 88.1 88.1 88.1 Frequent 273 3.4 3.4 91.5 Regular 301 3.8 3.8 95.2 Rarely 318 4.0 4.0 99.2 Do not know/unsure 63 ,8 ,8 100.0 Total 8000 100.0 100.0
Table А.13 - Intensity of use of a bank account (Intensity_bank_account) Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Several times a month 3342 41.8 41.8 41.8 Once a month 1837 23.0 23.0 64.7 Several times a year 295 3.7 3.7 68.4 Once a year 94 1.2 1.2 69.6 Less than once a year 53 ,7 ,7 70.3 Never 2345 29.3 29.3 99.6 Do not know/unsure 34 ,4 ,4 100.0 Total 8000 100.0 100.0
Table A.14 - Ways of withdrawing cash from a bank account (Withdrawal_mode) Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid ATM 4340 54.3 59.3 59.3 Bank 1207 15.1 16.5 75.8 Post Office 1771 22.1 24.2 100.0 Total 7318 91.5 100.0 Missing System 682 8.5 Total 8000 100.0
Annex B. Regional-level demand statistics
Table B.1. Financial inclusion measures Distance from the national TFI-I Oblast(b) mean c=(b-a)/a*100 Republic of Belarus 84.6 Brest Oblast 87.3 3.2 Vitebsk Oblast 83.7 -1.1 Gomel Oblast 82 -3.1 Grodno Oblast 85.7 1.3 Minsk Oblast 84.9 0.4 Mogilev Oblast 84.9 0.4 Minsk City 85.5 1.1
Table B.1. Bank account ownership data Distance from the national If_bank_account Oblast (b) mean c=(b-a)/a*100 Republic of Belarus 69.3 Brest Oblast 69.5 0.3 Vitebsk Oblast 69.4 0.1 Gomel Oblast 66.4 -4.2 Grodno Oblast 67 -3.3 Minsk Oblast 70.1 1.2 Mogilev Oblast 72.3 4.3 Minsk City 79 14.0
Table B.3. Use of credit obtained from financial institutions Distance from the national If_credit_fi Oblast (b) mean c=(b-a)/a*100 Republic of Belarus 18.5 Brest Oblast 18.3 -1.1 Vitebsk Oblast 22.3 20.5 Gomel Oblast 15.8 -14.6 Grodno Oblast 18 -2.7 Minsk Oblast 19.9 7.6 Mogilev Oblast 16.3 -11.9 Minsk City 11.3 -38.9 Table B.4. Deposit ownership Distance from the national If_deposit_account Oblast (b) mean c=(b-a)/a*100
46 Republic of Belarus 16.4 Brest Oblast 18.3 11.6 Vitebsk Oblast 12.9 -21.3 Gomel Oblast 12.5 -23.8 Grodno Oblast 15.1 -7.9 Minsk Oblast 26 58.5 Mogilev Oblast 13.9 -15.2 Minsk City 17.7 7.9
Table B.5. Insurance ownership Distance from the national If_insurance Oblast (b) mean c=(b-a)/a*100 Republic of Belarus 55.6 Brest Oblast 61.8 11.2 Vitebsk Oblast 48.8 -12.2 Gomel Oblast 50.6 -9.0 Grodno Oblast 59.6 7.2 Minsk Oblast 58.7 5.6 Mogilev Oblast 56.7 2.0 Minsk City 45.2 -18.7
Table B.6. Intensity of use of financial services by individuals Minsk Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev City No use 12.7 16.3 18.0 14.3 15.1 15.1 14.5 Basic (1 - 2 services) 30.8 32.0 32.9 32.1 26.3 28.3 27.4 Active (3-5 services) 44.0 40.4 40.6 41.1 43.4 43.3 46.8 Advanced (6-8 services) 10.9 8.5 6.9 10.9 12.2 11.7 11.3 Extensive (9+ services) 1.5 2.8 1.6 1.5 3.0 1.6 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Table B.7. Types of banking services used
Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Belarus Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Current account 99.5 69.5 69.5 67.1 67.2 73 72.4 100.0 Debit card 87.8 91.0 84.7 89.1 85.2 83.8 92.8 94.0 Credit card 9.9 12.5 8.5 8.7 11.6 11.0 8.1 4.8 Internet banking 10.7 7.4 12.1 10.7 9.4 12.5 11.1 6.4 Mobile banking 13.3 8.2 14.9 11.8 14.2 15.3 14.4 19.1 Overdraft facility 11.9 4.5 14.3 10.2 14.3 14.7 12.5 10.6 International 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.2 1.4 2.1 47 Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Belarus Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City money transfer Domestic money transfer 14.8 12.5 16.9 11.1 11.7 17.3 18.2 1.9 Consumer credit 52.4 58.5 51.8 50.0 54.0 48.9 54.1 14.3 Mortgage loan 13.2 14.2 15.0 6.1 18.7 14.3 9.2 42.9 Personal loan 10.2 11.3 12.6 7.5 11.6 8.2 9.6 0.0 Home improvement loan 6 4.2 6.5 6.1 3.5 10.7 3.5 0.0 Vehicle loan 4.4 6.1 4.1 7.1 1.5 3.6 3.5 28.6 Educational loan 1.4 1.4 0.9 2.4 0.0 2.5 0.9 0.0 Business loan 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.0 Savings account 11.7 15.0 8.2 8.1 8.5 20.3 10.1 16.1 Time deposit 5.5 2.9 5.9 4.4 8.0 7.2 4.4 6.5 Placement of funds in a credit union 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 Life insurance 9.4 10.9 8.7 5.4 12.3 8.3 11.6 4.8 Auto insurance 27.8 34.6 24.8 24.3 27.5 29.7 27.3 25.8 Property insurance 35.4 37.1 30.2 30.5 40.5 39.3 36.9 19.4 Health insurance 4.7 8.3 5.8 5.6 3.0 3.6 2.1 6.5 Travel insurance 3 3.0 0.9 3.5 2.6 5.7 2.0 16.1 Insurance, other 6 5.6 8.6 5.4 4.5 5.4 6.0 0.0
Table B.8 – Explicit bank account ownership Ownership through Oblast Explicit Implicit a household ownership ownership member Brest 69.1 0.8 72.6 Vitebsk 69.3 0.1 73.0 Gomel 65.6 1.5 72.4 Grodno 66.7 0.5 70.7 Minsk 70.1 0.0 79.3 Mogilev 72.2 0.1 78.6 Minsk City 75.8 6.7 85.5
Table B.9. Reasons for having a bank account Vitebsk Minsk Minsk Brest Oblast Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast City Keep money safe 31.5 27.3 30.5 34.4 33.9 21.8 19.1 To receive salary 74.9 76.5 80.2 73.9 79.6 82.0 76.6 To gain access to other financial services 13.2 5.8 4.3 6.7 5.6 5.5 4.3 Convenience of cash management 8.7 9.8 12.4 14.6 13.0 13.2 0.0
48 Bill payments 7.9 7.5 8.6 10.2 13.4 20.0 2.1 Transfer of money 3.7 2.7 2.6 3.5 3.6 10.1 4.3 Required by employer/government 1.2 11.6 2.2 1.9 3.6 3.0 10.6 Ability to borrow money 1.1 2.0 0.8 0.4 1.9 0.9 2.1 Emergency savings 8.6 9.0 8.6 11.2 13.1 7.6 10.6 Other reasons 5.1 3.9 5.5 5.9 4.1 6.2 10.6
Table B.10. Reasons for not having a bank account Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Other members of my family have a bank account 7.8 4.7 5.2 3.0 14.5 7.7 0.0 No money 48.7 52.4 56.7 51.8 57.4 42.1 66.7 I prefer keeping money at home 30.6 22.6 28.5 15.6 22.4 26.3 26.7 Too expensive 3.1 2.1 1.5 4.1 1.2 1.3 0.0 Do not trust banks 10.6 14.3 12.2 10.1 11.9 9.2 13.3 Don't see any advantages 10.9 13.0 11.1 19.2 11.2 16.8 0.0 Inconvenient access 2.2 7.3 5.2 9.6 3.6 6.6 0.0 Do not know how to open an account 3.9 2.6 2.4 1.4 2.4 1.5 0.0 Do not qualify for a bank account 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.7 3.1 6.7 Other reasons 3.9 1.9 3.0 9.3 2.9 4.8 13.3
Table B.11. Responses to the question "How often do you deposit money on the deposit/savings account (yours or some other household member's)?" Vitebsk Minsk Minsk Brest Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Mogilev Oblast Oblast Oblast City Several times a month 2.6 3.1 3.8 0.9 3.7 4.3 0.0 Once a month 8.0 7.2 8.0 7.9 11.3 6.0 9.6 49 Vitebsk Minsk Minsk Brest Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Mogilev Oblast Oblast Oblast City Several times a year 6.9 7.77.0 8.6 9.5 6.111.5 Once a year 5.1 3.0 3.1 1.4 2.9 3.4 3.8 Less than once a year 4.3 2.12.1 1.7 3.9 1.80.0 Never 64.5 73.374.4 76.6 67.1 72.573.1 Do not know/unsure 8.6 3.6 1.6 2.8 1.6 6.1 1.9 Total 100 100100 100 100 100100 Table B.12. Responses to the question "How often do you withdraw money from the deposit/savings account (yours or some other household member's)?" Brest Vitebsk Gomel Minsk Minsk City Oblast Oblast Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast Several times a month 30.5 45.654.9 56.9 55.2 54.330.8 Once a month 41.5 34.4 27.4 25.5 27.9 23.3 40.4 Several times a year 5.2 5.1 3.3 2.1 1.9 2.7 5.8 Once a year 3.1 1.1 2.1 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.0 Less than once a year 3.3 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.2 0.9 13.5 Never 10.7 8.88.0 7.9 7.9 12.09.6 Do not know/unsure 5.6 3.2 2.4 5.2 4.7 6.3 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100100
Table B.13. Responses to the question "How often do you use the overdraft facility?" Brest Vitebsk Gomel Minsk Minsk City Oblast Oblast Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast Several times a month 0.5 1.40.8 1.3 0.9 1.10.0 Once a month 2.1 3.0 2.1 3.5 2.6 4.3 0.0 Several times a year 1.9 3.5 3.7 4.5 2.1 3.3 12.9 Once a year 1.2 2.4 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.0 Less than once a year 1.7 3.4 1.3 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.0 Never 91.0 85.6 90.7 87.4 92.1 84.487.1 Do not know/unsure 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.0 5.0 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100100
Table B.14 – Responses to the question «How often do you make or receive payments using a mobile phone?» Brest Vitebsk Minsk Mogilev Minsk City Oblast Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Oblast Several times a month 5.0 10.55.1 6.6 6.0 7.23.2 Once a month 5.2 5.9 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.3 6.5 Several times a year 2.1 2.8 1.9 2.4 2.3 1.5 12.9 Once a year 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0
50 Less than once a year 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.0 Never 85.4 78.8 88.7 86.9 88.3 83.7 77.4 Do not know/unsure 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 3.6 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Table B.13. Responses to the question "How often do you make payments over the Internet?" Vitebsk Minsk Mogilev Minsk City Brest Oblast Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Oblast Several times a month 2.0 4.9 3.2 2.8 3.4 3.8 0.0 Once a month 4.9 4.6 3.1 2.8 3.8 3.4 0.0 Several times a year 3.0 3.5 1.7 2.7 2.2 1.6 4.8 Once a year 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 Less than once a year 2.2 0.91.0 1.0 0.6 1.10.0 Never 86.4 85.490.1 90.0 90.0 86.695.2 Do not know/unsure 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 3.1 0.0 Total 100 100100 100 100 100100
Table B.16. Responses to the question "How many times a month do you transfer money from your account?"
Vitebsk Minsk Minsk City Brest Oblast Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast Several times a month 1.8 6.0 3.5 3.5 5.2 7.4 0.0 Once a month 2.6 5.2 2.4 1.7 7.0 4.4 0.0 Several times a year 4.6 4.24.0 5.4 3.1 5.51.9 Once a year 3.5 1.4 1.1 1.2 2.0 0.8 0.0 Less than once a year 5.5 2.8 1.8 2.7 2.2 1.9 11.5 Never 70.0 75.684.1 81.0 78.0 72.9 86.5 Do not know/unsure 12.0 4.8 3.1 4.5 2.5 7.0 0.0 Total 100 100100 100 100 100 100
51
Table B.17. Responses to the question "How do you deposit money on your account?"
Vitebsk Minsk Mogilev Minsk City Brest Oblast Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Oblast ATM 3.3 1.72.0 0.8 2.6 2.40.0 Bank branch 17.3 18.0 16.1 19.2 24.7 17.0 25.0 Post Office 1.4 3.0 1.7 2.1 0.9 1.4 0.0 I do not deposit cash 68.0 73.0 76.4 74.7 68.4 73.0 75.0 Do not know/unsure 10.0 4.4 3.8 3.2 3.4 6.2 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100100
Table B.18. Responses to the question "When you need to get cash (banknotes) from the account, how do you usually get it?" Vitebsk Minsk Minsk Brest Oblast Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast City ATM 54.6 51.455.5 51.2 52.7 59.267.7 Bank branch 16.7 18.6 11.7 14.2 17.3 11.9 12.9 Post Office 18.9 22.9 25.0 25.8 20.9 19.9 17.7 I don't use cash 0.8 2.2 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 Do not know/unsure 9.0 5.0 6.6 8.5 9.2 8.4 1.6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100100
Table B.19. Bank account ownership - households
Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Bank account ownership - households 72.6 73.0 72.4 70.7 79.3 78.6 85.5
Table B.20. Responses to the question "Do you currently have or had in the last 12 months a credit/loan from a financial institution?" Yes Brest Oblast 18.3 Vitebsk Oblast 22.3 Gomel Oblast 15.8
52 Grodno Oblast 18 Minsk Oblast 19.9 Mogilev Oblast 16.3 Minsk City 11.3
Table B.21. Responses to the question "From what type of institution did you obtain the loan?" Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Bank 77.4 97.6 93.4 90.4 91.4 89.5 100.0 Credit union 3.3 0.3 4.2 2.5 5.4 3.9 0.0
Table B.22 – Responses to the question «What kind of credit do you have/had in the last 12 months? Vitebsk Gomel Minsk Mogilev Minsk Brest Oblast Oblast Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Oblast City Personal loan 11.3 12.6 7.5 11.6 8.2 9.6 0.0 Consumer credit 57.5 50.9 49.1 54.0 48.9 54.1 14.3 Instalment purchase credit 20.3 37.437.7 21.2 28.9 33.614.3 Housing loan 14.2 15.0 6.1 18.7 14.3 9.2 42.9 Home improvement loan 4.2 6.56.1 3.5 10.7 3.50.0 Vehicle loan 6.1 4.1 7.1 1.5 3.6 3.5 28.6 Educational loan 1.4 0.9 2.4 0.0 2.5 0.9 0.0 Health loan 0.0 0.3 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 Holiday loan 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Business loan 0.9 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.0 Other 2.4 0.3 1.9 1.5 1.8 4.8 0.0
Table B.23. Responses to the question "What are the reasons for you not to use credit?" Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Minsk City Brest Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast No need 50.5 37.3 53.8 55.9 51.2 52.7 49.1 Do not have enough money to repay 21.1 26.2 21.9 18.9 23.9 21.3 36.4 Credit interest rate is too high 22.7 29.9 29.1 26.3 27.3 23.5 47.3 Don't want to owe anything to anyone 18.4 19.1 19.1 27.0 20.2 14.4 21.8 Credit terms are not suitable 6.0 12.55.5 7.5 8.9 7.521.8 Bank location is not convenient 0.6 1.4 2.2 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.0 53 I was refused a credit 1.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.8 0.0 Bank staff is rude or unhelpful 0.2 0.30.1 0.1 0.2 0.21.8 I use alternative sources of loans 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.0 Other reasons 4.3 1.4 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.2 5.5
Table B.24. Deposit ownership Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Current account/on- demand deposit 15.0 8.2 8.1 8.5 20.3 10.1 16.1 Time deposit 2.9 5.9 4.4 8.0 7.2 4.4 6.5 Credit union account 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 Other 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.0
Table B.25. Reasons for having a savings account Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Minsk Brest Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast City Keep money safe 49.5 55.8 52.7 48.2 56.0 51.7 9.1 To gain access to other financial services 7.1 2.0 10.2 3.0 12.8 7.0 18.2 Earn interest/return on saving 21.7 35.531.7 48.2 23.9 34.872.7 Resist temptation to spend 25.0 26.9 21.0 23.5 18.5 15.9 9.1 Save money for a specific purchase 13.7 10.213.8 13.3 14.4 12.427.3 To be able to borrow money 1.4 3.00.6 0.6 4.3 0.518.2 Save money for a specific purchase 17.0 17.313.8 16.9 14.4 14.936.4 Save for emergency needs 17.0 32.5 26.3 34.9 21.7 17.4 27.3 Prevent family members from spending money 5.2 3.6 2.4 4.2 2.2 5.0 9.1 Other reasons 2.8 0.5 4.8 0.6 3.5 2.0 0.0
Table B.26. Reasons for not having a savings account Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City I have no job 12.9 5.7 8.2 7.5 10.6 10.3 9.8 I do not have enough money 46.8 54.4 50.7 59.7 51.6 59.5 52.9 54 Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast City Nobody keeps their savings in bank 2.2 4.6 2.0 6.2 2.0 4.1 2.0 Bank location is not convenient 1.3 2.23.7 2.5 0.9 0.30.0 Financial products are not suitable 8.3 14.36.9 9.3 8.4 8.113.7 Interest rate offered on deposits is too low 2.8 9.1 6.9 6.1 5.9 3.9 15.7 No need 31.5 22.9 41.0 33.1 36.8 27.1 27.5 Bank staff is rude or unhelpful 0.3 0.10.1 0.1 0.3 0.02.0 Do not trust banks 15.8 7.1 8.4 14.5 10.0 7.4 41.2 Do not know how to open an account 1.5 2.01.3 0.5 0.7 0.52.0 I wanted to open deposit account but was refused 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 I prefer keeping money at home 16.0 7.012.7 7.7 12.2 10.319.6 I prefer to invest my savings 2.3 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.3 2.9 7.8 Other reasons 1.7 1.2 0.3 1.6 1.3 1.1 5.9 Table B.27. Responses to the question "How often do you deposit money on the deposit/savings account (yours or some other household member's)?" Vitebsk Minsk Minsk Brest Oblast Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast City Several times a month 3.2 2.3 3.4 1.3 4.3 3.9 0.0 Once a month 16.8 15.7 12.8 19.0 20.9 16.0 15.4 Several times a year 20.0 24.1 17.9 31.6 21.5 25.8 46.2 Once a year 15.6 14.9 15.4 13.4 4.5 11.3 15.4 Less than once a year 10.4 8.8 12.0 6.1 6.8 2.7 0.0 Never 10.4 24.1 32.5 21.6 37.3 26.623.1 Do not know/unsure 23.6 10.0 6.0 6.9 4.7 13.7 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Table B.28. Responses to the question "How often do you withdraw money from the deposit/savings account (yours or some other household member's)?" Vitebsk Gomel Minsk Minsk City Brest Oblast Oblast Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast Several times a month 2.8 6.57.3 5.6 13.9 9.40.0 Once a month 6.0 12.6 8.1 7.8 23.9 9.8 0.0 Several times a year 11.2 10.0 9.0 14.3 12.2 14.5 15.4 Once a year 6.8 2.7 4.3 10.0 5.8 5.5 0.0 Less than once a year 12.8 16.913.7 10.4 8.5 12.530.8 Never 33.6 40.2 47.9 44.2 28.8 34.453.8 Do not know/unsure 26.8 11.1 9.8 7.8 7.0 14.1 0.0
55 Vitebsk Gomel Minsk Minsk City Brest Oblast Oblast Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast Total 100 100 100 100 100 100100
Table B.29. Bank account ownership - households Vitebsk Minsk Minsk Brest Oblast Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Mogilev Oblast City Bank account ownership - households 22.0 17.3 17.7 21.1 33.2 18.0 21.0
Table B.30. Insurance ownership Vitebsk Minsk Mogilev Minsk Brest Oblast Oblast Gomel Oblast Grodno Oblast Oblast Oblast City Auto insurance 34.6 24.8 24.3 27.5 29.7 27.3 25.8 Property insurance 37.1 30.2 30.5 40.5 39.3 36.9 19.4 Livestock insurance 4.5 7.8 4.6 3.9 4.5 5.2 0.0 Crop insurance 0.5 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.8 0.0 Business insurance 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.0 Travel insurance 3.0 0.9 3.5 2.6 5.7 2.0 16.1 Life insurance 10.9 8.7 5.4 12.3 8.3 11.6 4.8 Health insurance 8.3 5.8 5.6 3.0 3.6 2.1 6.5
Table B.31. Reasons for not having insurance Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno Minsk Mogilev Minsk City Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Insurance term is too long 0.9 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.7 2.8 5.9 Too expensive 14.0 32.3 18.2 11.7 19.8 17.2 52.9 I did not know that such service exists in Belarus 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.1 0.0 No need 74.1 56.6 72.6 77.0 68.5 66.6 44.1 I do not trust insurance companies 13.3 16.9 17.6 19.9 17.7 15.9 32.4 Other reasons 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.7 3.4 4.1 0.0
56 Annex C. Mapping data
Brest Oblast Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от - 19. 9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % Барановичский 91.8 В среднем по Беларуси - 84,6%
Ляховичский 88.5 Иванцевичский Ганцевичский Пружанский 83.6 85.2 83.6 Каменецкий Березовский 85.2 88.5 Лунинецкий 90.2 Жабинковский Ивановский 86.9 Кобринский 80.3 Брестский 90.2 Дрогичинский Пинский 78.7 96.7 83.6 Столинский 77.0 Малоритский 85.2
Figure C.1 – Total financial inclusion index (TFI-1), Brest Oblast (%) Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже - 20 %
Барановичский В среднем по Беларуси - 69,3% 86.9 72.1 Ляховичский
Иванцевичский Ганцевичский Пружанский 72.1 70.5 50.8 Каменецкий Березовский 73.8 67.2 Лунинецкий 68.9 Жабинковский Ивановский Пинский 62.3 62.3 60.7 Кобринский 63.9 67.2 Брестский Дрогичинский 70.5 Столинский 50.8 Малоритский 67.2
Figure C.2 – Bank account ownership rate, Brest Oblast (%)
57 Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10-19.9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % Барановичский 32.8
В среднем по Беларуси - 16,4% Ляховичский 23.0 Ганцевичский Пружанский Иванцевичский 31.1 18.0 23.0 Каменецкий 9.8 Березовский 16.4 Лунинецкий 8.2 Жабинковский Пинский 13.1 Ивановский 8.2 Кобринский 6.6 Брестский 8.2 Дрогичинский 14.8 Столинский 14.8 16.4 Малоритский 19.7
Figure C.3 – Deposit ownership rate, Brest Oblast (%) Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже - 20 %
В среднем по Беларуси - 18,5% Барановичский 36.1
19.7 Ляховичский
4.9 13.1 Пружанский Иванцевичский Ганцевичский 9.8 Каменецкий Березовский11.5 19.7 Лунинецкий 13.1 Жабинковский Ивановский 36.1 6.6 Кобринский 6.6 19.7 27.9 6.6 Пинский Брестский Дрогичинский Столинский 8.2 11.5 Малоритский
Figure C.4 – Use of credit, Brest Oblast (%)
58 Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9-9. 9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % 57.4 Барановичский В среднем по Беларуси - 55,6% 67.2 Ляховичский
Иванцевичский 62.3 77.0 Ганцевичский Пружанский 65.6 55.7 50.8 Каменецкий Березовский Лунинецкий
65.6 Жабинковский 68.9 57.4 Ивановский Пинский Кобринский 78.7 Брестский Дрогичинский 57.4 50.8 62.3 44.3 Столинский 54.1 Малоритский
Figure C.5 – Use of insurance, Brest Oblast (%) Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10- 19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до - 10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % Барановичский 45.9 В среднем по Беларуси - 56% Ляховичский 26.2 Пружанский Иванцевичский Ганцевичский 47.5 54.1 37.7 Березовский Каменецкий 55.7 27.9 Лунинецкий Жабинковский Ивановский 27.9 26.2 36.1 Кобринский Пинский Брестский 37.7 Дрогичинский 21.3 44.3 Столинский 27.9 42.6 Малоритский 41.0
Figure C.6 – Percentage of respondents who are financially literate, Brest Oblast Vitebsk Oblast
59 Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10- 19. 9% Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 %
В среднем по Беларуси - 84,6% 80.3 Верхнедвинский Россонский 95.1 83.6 Городокский 86.9 Миорский 86.9 Браславский 86.9 Полоцкий 93.4 Шарковщинский 61.7 Шумилинский 55.0 Витебский 93.4 85.2 95.1 Поставский Глубокский Ушачский 83.6 Лиозненский Бешенковичский 90.2 77.0 68.9 78.7 Лепельский Докшицкий 96.8 Сенненский Чашникский 95.1 70.5 Дубровенский Оршанский 83.6 Толочинский
Figure C.7 – Total financial inclusion index (TFI-1), Vitebsk Oblast (%) Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9. 9 % В среднем по Беларуси - 69,3% Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % 73.8 75.4 Верхнедвинский Россонский
73.8 Городокский 47.5 Миорский 85.2 Браславский Полоцкий 47.5 77.0 Шарковщинский Шумилинский 40.0 56.7 Витебский 72.1 77.0 86.9 Поставский Глубокский Ушачский 63.9 Лиозненский Бешенковичский 62.3 52.5 59.0 78.7 Докшицкий Лепельский 59.7 Сенненский Чашникский 82.0 Дубровенский Оршанский 70.5 Толочинский 62.3
Figure C.8 – Bank account ownership rate, Vitebsk Oblast (%)
60 Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % В среднем по Беларуси - 16,4% Россонский Верхнедвинский 9.8 16.4 Городокский Миорский 3.3 8.2 Браславский Полоцкий 8.2 Шарковщинский 0.0 11.5 Шумилинский Витебский 8.3 Ушачский 35.0 Поставский Глубокский 27.9 13.1 27.9 Бешенковичский Лиозненский 16.4 26.2
Докшицкий Лепельский Сенненский 9.8 Чашникский 1.6 9.8 Дубровенский 1.6 13.1 Оршанский Толочинский 4.9 6.6
Figure C.9 – Deposit ownership rate, Vitebsk Oblast (%) Превышение на 20 % и более В среднем по Беларуси - 18,5% Превышение на 10-19.9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 %
Верхнедвинский 16.4 36.1 Россонский Городокский Миорский 18.0 14.8 24.6 Браславский Полоцкий 18.0 14.8 Шарковщинский 28.3 Шумилинский Витебский Глубокский Ушачский 0.0 27.9 13.1 29.5 24.6 Лиозненский Поставский Бешенковичский 31.1 Лепельский 9.8 18.0 36.1 Докшицкий 4.8Сенненский Чашникский Дубровенский 27.9 31.1 4.9Оршанский Толочинский
Figure C.10 – Use of credit, Vitebsk Oblast (%)
61 Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9-9. 9 % Отклонение от - 19. 9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 %
В среднем по Беларуси - 55,6%
Верхнедвинский 83.6 Россонский 41.0 Городокский Миорский 65.6 Браславский 65.6 Полоцкий 73.8 19.7 75.4 Шарковщинский Шумилинский Витебский 18.3 36.7 Глубокский Ушачский Поставский 33.1 59.0 Лиозненский 72.1 Бешенковичский 57.4 86.9 Докшицкий Лепельский Сенненский 37.7 31.1 91.9 18.0 Чашникский Дубровенский 31.1 70.5 Оршанский 54.1 Толочинский
Figure C.11 – Use of insurance, Vitebsk Oblast (%) Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между - 9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 %
В среднем по Беларуси - 56% Верхнедвинский 33.9 Россонский 25.0 Городокский Миорский Браславский 34.2 62.7 Полоцкий 50.9 27.9 Шарковщинский Шумилинский 33.9 52.7 Витебский 57.1 Глубокский Ушачский Поставский 37.3 36.2 Бешенковичский Лиозненский 47.5 39.3 49.2 Лепельский Сенненский 46.4 Докшицкий55.2 22.4 Чашникский Дубровенский 78.6 Оршанский70.0 Толочинский 70.4 91.4
Figure C.12 – Percentage of respondents who are financially literate, Vitebsk Oblast
62
Gomel Oblast
Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Рогачевский Кормянский 86.7 Отклонение ниже -20 % 83.6 Чечерский 70.5 в среднем по Беларуси - 84,6% Жлобинский 93.4 Ветковский 72.1 Буда-Кошелевский Октябрьский 88.5 91.8 Светлогорский 88.5 Добрушский 78.7 Речицкий Петриковский Гомельский Житковичский Калинковичский 77.0 83.6 88.5 72.1 80.3 Лоевский Мозырский 78.7 66.7
Лельчицкий Хойникский 73.8 Ельский 83.3 96.7 Брагинский Наровлянский 73.3 85.2
Figure C.13 – Total financial inclusion index (TFI-1), Gomel Oblast (%) Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Кормянский Отклонение ниже - 20 % Рогачевский 54.1 70.0 Чечерский Всреднем по Беларуси - 69,3% 79.5 Жлобинский 73.8 55.7 Ветковский 59.0 Светлогорский 68.9 Буда-Кошелевский Октябрьский 78.7 Добрушский Речицкий Гомельский57.4 Петриковский 62.3 Калинковичский 63.9 72.1 Житковичский 68.9 63.9 Мозырский Лоевский 75.4 55.0 Хойникский Лельчицкий 66.7 60.7 56.7 Ельский Брагинский 72.1 Наровлянский 75.4
Figure C.14 – Bank account ownership rate, Gomel Oblast (%)
63 Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Рогачевский Кормянский Отклонение ниже -20 % 8.2 21.7
Чечерский 3.3 В среднем по Беларуси - 16,4% Жлобинский 4.9 Ветковский 9.8 Светлогорский Октябрьский Буда-Кошелевский 29.5 6.6 16.4 Добрушский Гомельский 6.6 Калинковичский Речицкий 9.8 Петриковский 14.8 8.2 14.8 Житковичский 13.1 Лоевский Мозырский 11.7 18.0 Хойникский Лельчицкий8.2 15.0 Брагинский Ельский 6.7 9.8 Наровлянский 8.2
Figure C.15 – Deposit ownership rate, Gomel Oblast (%) Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Кормянский Отклонение ниже -20 % 11.5 5.0 Рогачевский 16.4 В среднем по Беларуси - 18,5% Чечерский Жлобинский 14.8 13.1 Ветковский Буда-Кошелевский 24.6 14.8 Светлогорский Октябрьский 21.3 Добрушский Речицкий 19.7 18.0 16.4 8.2 Гомельский Петриковский 19.7 Калинковичский13.1 Житковичский
Мозырский Лоевский 13.1 Хойникский 20.0 Лельчицкий 10.0 19.7 Ельский 16.7 9.8 27.9 Брагинский Наровлянский
Figure C.16 – Use of credit, Gomel Oblast (%)
64 Превышение на 20% и более Превышение на 10-19.9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9-9.9 % Отк лонение от -19.9 до -10 % Кормянский Отк лонение ниже -20 % Рогачевский 63.3 62.3 В среднем по Беларуси - 55,6% Чечерский 23.0 Жлобинский 63.9 68.9 Ветковский 27.9 72.1 Светлогорский Буда-Кошелевский Октябрьский 59.0 Добрушский Речицкий Гомельский 49.2 Петриковский Калинковичский 52.5 42.6 Житковичский 59.0 26.2 54.1 Лоевский Мозырский 55.0 29.5 Хойникский Лельчицкий 43.3 45.9 45.0 Ельский Брагинский 80.3 Наровлянский 42.6
Figure C.11 – Use of insurance, Gomel Oblast (%) Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между - 9. 9 и 9. 9 % Кормянский Рогачевский Отклонение от - 19. 9 до -10 % 51.7 Отклонение ниже -20 % 50.8 Чечерский 72.1 В среднем по Беларуси - 56% Жлобинский Буда-Кошелевский 85.2 Ветковский 70.5 9.8 Светлогорский Октябрьский 49.2 67.2
Добрушский Гомельский 23.0 Речицкий 62.3 Петриковский 54.1 Житковичский 42.6 Калинковичский 31.1 70.5
Мозырский Лоевский 11.5 23.3
Лельчицкий Хойникский 70.5 46.7 Ельский Брагинский 52.5 Наровлянский 26.7 98.4
Figure C.18 – Percentage of respondents who are financially literate, Gomel Oblast
65
Grodno Oblast
Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19.9 % Незначительное отклонение между - 9. 9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от - 19. 9 до - 10 % Островецкий Отклонение ниже - 20 % 96.7
Сморгонский 93.4 В среднем по Беларуси - 84,6% Ошмянский 77.0
Вороновский Ивьевский 78.7 85.2
Лидский Гродненский Щучинский 83.6 75.4 86.9 Новогрудский 91.8 Кореличский 93.4 Мостовский Дятловский 77.0 90.2 Берестовицкий 90.2 Волковысский 88.5 Зельвенский 88.5 Слонимский Свислочский 78.7 86.9
Figure C.19 – Total financial inclusion index (TFI-1), Grodno Oblast (%) Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Островецкий Отклонение ниже -20 % 86.9 В среднем по Беларуси 69,3 Сморгонский 72.1 Ошмянский 63.9
Вороновский 50.8 Ивьевский 49.2 Лидский 73.8 Гродненский Щучинский 57.4 80.3 Новогрудский 77.0 Кореличский Дятловский Мостовский 77.0 60.7 65.6 Берестовицкий 72.1 68.9 Волковысский Слонимский 60.7 Зельвенский59.0 Свислочский 67.2
Figure C.20 – Bank account ownership rate, Grodno Oblast (%) 66 Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Островецкий Отклонение ниже -20 % 18.0
Сморгонский 3.3 В среднем по Беларуси - 16,4% Ошмянский 3.3
Вороновский 6.6 Ивьевский 19.7
Лидский Щучинский 4.9 Новогрудский Гродненский 23.0 16.4 23.0 Кореличский Дятловский 13.1 Мостовский 11.5 16.4 Берестовицкий 24.6 Волковысский Слонимский 19.7 Зельвенский 8.2 19.7 Свислочский 21.3
Figure C.21 – Deposit ownership rate, Grodno Oblast (%) Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % Островецкий 26.2
В среднем по Беларуси - 18,5% 8.2 Сморгонский 3.3 Ошмянский
Вороновский 18.0 Ивьевский 11.5 Лидский Гродненский 39.3 14.8 Щучинский Новогрудский 23.0 23.0 Кореличский Мостовский Дятловский 8.2 19.7 13.1 Берестовицкий 19.7 26.2 Зельвенский Волковысский 24.6 13.1 Слонимский 13.1 Свислочский
Figure C.22 – Use of credit, Grodno Oblast (%)
67 Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10- 19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между - 9.9-9.9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Островецкий Отклонение ниже - 20 % 72.1
В среднем по Беларуси - 55,6% Сморгонский 57.4 Ошмянский 44.3
Вороновский Ивьевский 65.6 77.0
Щучинский Лидский 37.7 Гродненский 70.5 Новогрудский 34.4 57.4 Кореличский Дятловский 78.7 Мостовский 77.0 Берестовицкий 59.0 Волковысский 55.7 47.5 Зельвенский 63.9 73.8 Слонимский Свислочский 62.3
Figure C.23 – Use of insurance, Grodno Oblast (%)
Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9.9 % Островецкий Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % 45.9 Отклонение ниже -20 %
Сморгонский В среднем по Беларуси - 56% Ошмянский 95.1 78.7
Вороновский 37.7 Ивьевский 54.1 Лидский Щучинский Гродненский 50.8 60.7 Новогрудский 47.5 37.7 Кореличский Мостовский Дятловский 83.6 37.7 Берестовицкий 75.4 75.4 Волковысский 55.7 Зельвенский 41.0 Слонимский Свислочский 72.1 63.9
Figure C.24 – Percentage of respondents who are financially literate, Grodno Oblast Minsk Oblast 68 Мядельский Превышение на 20 % и более 90.2 Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже - 20 % Вилейский Борисовский 90.3 Логойский 90.2 Крупский В среднем по Беларуси - 84,6% 86.9 83.6 Молодечненский 77.4
Воложинский Смолевичский Минский 86.9 77.0 82.3 Березинский 86.9 Столбцовский Червенский 82.0 Дзержинский 85.5 86.9 Пуховичский 75.4 Узденский 90.2
НесвижскийКопыльский 91.8 86.9 Слуцкий Стародорожский Клецкий 90.2 85.2 82.0
Солигорский Любанский 80.3 83.6
Figure C.25 – Total financial inclusion index (TFI-1), Minsk Oblast (%)
Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19.9 % Мядельский Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9. 9% 75.4 Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 %
Вилейский 85.5 В среднем по Беларуси - 69,3% Логойский Крупский 68.9 77.0 59.0 Борисовский Молодечненский 64.5 Воложинский Смолевичский 70.5 Минский 65.6 74.2 Березинский 59.7 54.1 Дзержинский Червенский 68.9 Столбцовский 63.9 Пуховичский Узденский 67.2 86.9 80.3 Несвижский 55.7 Слуцкий Копыльский 83.6 70.5 70.5 Стародорожский Клецкий
Солигорский Любанский 70.5 70.5
Figure C.26 – Bank account ownership rate, Minsk Oblast (%)
69 Превышение на 20 % и более Мядельский Превышение на 10- 19. 9 % 24.6 Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже - 20 % Вилейский Борисовский 45.2 37.7 В среднем по Беларуси - 16,4% Логойский Крупский 18.0 11.5 Молодечненский 19.4
Воложинский Смолевичский 19.7 Минский 16.4 Березинский 29.0 14.8 Дзержинский Червенский 23.0 16.1 Столбцовский 1.6 Пуховичский Узденский 16.4 39.3
Несвижский 13.1 Слуцкий Стародорожский Копыльский 65.6 21.3 Клецкий 39.3 27.9
Солигорский Любанский 29.5 36.1
Figure C.27 – Deposit ownership rate, Minsk Oblast (%)
Превышение на 20 % и более Мядельский Превышение на 10-19.9 % 13.1 Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % Вилейский 21.0 Логойский Крупский 11.5 32.8 18.0 В среднем по Беларуси - 18,5% Борисовский Молодечненский 21.0
Воложинский Смолевичский 26.2 Минский 31.1 25.8 Березинский 11.5 Дзержинский Червенский27.4 18.0 Столбцовский 3.3 Пуховичский Узденский 13.1 16.4 Несвижский 19.7Копыльский Слуцкий 18.0 9.8 24.6 Стародорожский Клецкий19.7
Солигорский 23.0 24.6 Любанский
Figure C.28 – Use of credit, Minsk Oblast (%)
70 Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9-9. 9% Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Мядельский Отклонение ниже -20% 65.6
В среднем по Беларуси - 55,6% Вилейский 66.1 Крупский Логойский 67.2 65.6 57.4 Борисовский Молодечненский 50.0 Смолевичский Воложинский 60.7 Минский 42.6 48.4 Березинский 59.0 Червенский Дзержинский 71.0 65.6 Столбцовский Пуховичский 63.9 Узденский 49.2 68.9 Несвижский 67.2 Слуцкий Копыльский 59.0 50.8 59.0 59.0 Стародорожский Клецкий Любанский Солигорский 59.0 49.2
Figure C.29 – Use of insurance, Minsk Oblast (%)
Мядельский В среднем по Беларуси - 56% Превышение на 20 % и более 83.6 Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Вилейский Отклонение ниже -20 % 74.2 Логойский Борисовский Крупский 34.4 Молодечненский 72.1 82.0 80.6 Смолевичский 60.7 Минский Воложинский62.3 71.0 Березинский 80.3 Дзержинский Червенский Столбцовский 88.5 85.5 36.1 Пуховичский Узденский 52.5 65.6 Несвижский 60.7 Слуцкий Копыльский 85.2 Клецкий 67.2 Стародорожский 68.9 47.5
Солигорский Любанский 57.4 90.2
Figure C.30 – Percentage of respondents who are financially literate, Minsk Oblast Mogilev Oblast 71 Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % Горецкий 95.2 Круглянский Шкловский В среднем по Беларуси - 84,6% 93.4 98.4 Дрибинский Мстиславльский 83.6 91.8
Белыничский 75.4 Чаусский Могилевский Кричевский 65.6 82.0 71.0
Климовичский Чериковский 96.7 82.0 Хотимский Кличевский Быховский 98.4 96.7 82.0 Славгородский 72.1 Костюковичский 93.4 Осиповичский Краснопольский 90.2 Кировский 93.4 72.6
Бобруйский 72.1
Глусский 91.8
Figure C.31 – Total financial inclusion index (TFI-1), Mogilev Oblast (%)
Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 %
87.1 В среднем по Беларуси - 69,3% Горецкий 91.8 78.7 Шкловский Круглянский Дрибинский Мстиславский 83.6 73.8 Белыничский 52.5 59.0 72.1 59.7 Могилевский Чаусский Кричевский 72.1 Чериковский Климовичский 72.1 Кличевский Быховский Славгородский 85.2 96.7 Хотимский 75.4 54.1 85.2 85.2 70.5 Костюковичский 61.3 Осиповичский Кировский Краснопольский
Бобруйский 29.5 86.9 Глусский
Figure C.32 – Bank account ownership rate, Mogilev Oblast (%)
72 Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10-19.9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19.9до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 %
Горецкий 21.0 В среднем по Беларуси - 16,4% Круглянский Шкловский 14.8 21.3 Дрибинский Мстиславский 6.6 18.0 Белыничский Могилевский 11.5 Кричевский 18.0 Чаусский 16.4 8.1 Климовичский Чериковский 9.8 27.9 Кличевский Хотимский 3.3 4.9 Быховский Славгородский 21.3 8.2 Костюковичский Осиповичский Краснопольский 21.3 26.2 Кировский 21.3 8.1
Бобруйский 0.0
Глусский 14.8
Figure C.33 – Deposit ownership rate, Mogilev Oblast (%) Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9. 9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % Горецкий В среднем по Беларуси 18,5 9.7 18.0 Шкловский 21.3 8.2 Мстиславский Круглянский Дрибинский 26.2 Белыничский 13.1 13.1 Чаусский Могилевский 13.1 Кричевский 19.4 6.6 Чериковский Климовичский Кличевский Быховский 16.4 1.6 Славгородский 47.5 8.2 6.6 Хотимский 37.7 Осиповичский 6.5 18.0 Костюковичский 18.0 Кировский Краснопольский
Бобруйский 8.2 Глусский 19.7
Figure C.34 – Use of credit, Mogilev Oblast (%)
73 Превышение на 20 % и более Превышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9. 9-9. 9 % Отклонение от -19. 9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже - 20 %
В среднем по Беларуси - 55,6% Горецкий 48.4 Круглянский Шкловский 68.9 59.0 Дрибинский Мстиславский 37.7 80.3 Белыничский 55.7 Могилевский Чаусский Кричевский 27.9 59.0 50.0 Климовичский Чериковский 72.1 37.7 Кличевский Хотимский Быховский Славгородский 67.2 95.1 42.6 47.5 Костюковичский 85.2 Осиповичский Кировский Краснопольский 63.9 55.7 40.3
Бобруйский 60.7 Глусский 60.7
Figure C.35 – Use of insurance, Mogilev Oblast (%)
Прев ышение на 20 % и более Прев ышение на 10-19. 9 % Незначительное отклонение между -9.9 и 9.9 % Отклонение от -19.9 до -10 % Отклонение ниже -20 % Горецкий В среднем по Беларуси - 56% 50.0 Круглянский Шкловский 39.3 36.1 Дрибинский 88.5 Мстиславльский 44.3 Белыничский 70.5 Чаусский Кричевский Могилевский 60.7 44.3 37.1 Климовичский Чериковский 45.9 57.4 Кличевский Славгородский Хотимский Быховский 86.9 67.2 9.8 63.9 Костюковичский Осиповичский Кировский Краснопольский 44.3 29.5 52.5 95.2 Бобруйский 9.8 Глусский 31.1
Figure C.36 – Percentage of respondents who are financially literate, Mogilev Oblast
74