George Washington President of the Constitutional Convention
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This Constitution: a Bicentennial Chronicle, Nos. 14-18
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 300 290 SO 019 380 AUTHOR Mann, Shelia, Ed. TITLE This Constitution: A Bicentennial Chronicle, Nos. 14-18. INSTITUTION American Historical Association, Washington, D.C.; American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C.; Project '87, Washington, DC. SPONS AGENCY National Endowment for the Humanities (NFAH), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 87 NOTE 321p.; For related document, see ED 282 814. Some photographs may not reproduce clearly. AVAILABLE FROMProject '87, 1527 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20036 nos. 13-17 $4.00 each, no. 18 $6.00). PUB TYPE Collected Works - Serials (022) -- Historical Materials (060) -- Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052) JOURNAL CIT This Constitution; n14-17 Spr Sum Win Fall 1987 n18 Spr-Sum 1988 EDRS PRICE MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Class Activities; *Constitutional History; *Constitutional Law; History Instruction; Instructioral Materials; Lesson Plans; Primary Sources; Resource Materials; Secondary Education; Social Studies; United States Government (Course); *United States History IDENTIFIERS *Bicentennial; *United States Constitution ABSTRACT Each issue in this bicentennial series features articles on selected U.S. Constitution topics, along with a section on primary documents and lesson plans or class activities. Issue 14 features: (1) "The Political Economy of tne Constitution" (K. Dolbeare; L. Medcalf); (2) "ANew Historical Whooper': Creating the Art of the Constitutional Sesquicentennial" (K. Marling); (3) "The Founding Fathers and the Right to Bear Arms: To Keep the People Duly Armed" (R. Shalhope); and (4)"The Founding Fathers and the Right to Bear Arms: A Well-Regulated Militia" (L. Cress). Selected articles from issue 15 include: (1) "The Origins of the Constitution" (G. -
A Resource INSTITUTION Army Public Affairs, Washin
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 299 182 SO 019 306 TITLE Bicentennial of the Constitution: A Resource Guide. INSTITUTION Army Public Affairs, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 88 NOTE 168p.; Appendixes contain some marginally legible material. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Guides (For Teachers) (052) Guides - Non-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Constitutional History; Legislators; *Program Content; Resource Units; Songs; United States History IDENTIFIERS Army; Art Reproductions; *Bicentennial; Eighteenth Century; Military Curriculum Materials; Military History; *United States Constitution; Washington (George) ABSTRACT This guide contains resources gathered by the Department of the Army to celebrate the bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution. Within the document, there are brief historical facts about: (1) the Constitutional Convention; (2) the early years of the Constitutional government; and (3) the U.S. Army of the 1780s and 1790s. There are also condensed versions of 23 soldier/statesmen pamphlets, five speeches on the U.S. Constitution, and statements and quotations on civilian control, national security, and George Washington. The appendices contain: (1) the complete text of the U.S. Constitution and its amendments; (2) popular 18th century songs with music and lyrics; (3) an ARNEWS artwork supplement of artwork and drawings; (4) a chronology of events from 1783 to 1803; and (5) a 10-page list of resources for teaching about the U.S. Constitution. (DJC) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 11'04P:roll."'"fr!!:1,7 .. ... Rohr.. Lsmnm.. -
Something to Celebrate
Washingto Pn ap ers WINTER 2017 Something to Celebrate Mary Wigge , researCh editor June represents a month of beginnings for us at The Washington 25 years old. We have yet to find any documents before that time Papers. Martha Washington was born on June 2, 1731—her frame. This discovery will require us to examine, in greater depth, birthday is always an occasion for celebration. We also recognize her parents and siblings; the history of New Kent County, where the creation of the Martha Washington Papers project in that she spent her youth; and women’s history in colonial Virginia. month. So on June 30, 2016, we met Researching these topics will provide to review our progress over the past us a greater understanding of Martha’s year and to discuss how we will proceed. childhood and her surroundings, as well as her idea of women’s roles in Our first year has been one of the household. exploration and discovery. We reached out to over 2,600 repositories, scouring The document search is just the begin - every possible archive that might house ning. Transcription, research and anno - a Martha Washington document. tation, and publication are equally We found approximately 550 letters to important in documentary editing. We and from Martha, around 130 of are now rolling ahead with transcrip - which have never before been published. tion and proofreading the document images. As we continue transcribing, we Many of the documents are located at will begin preliminary research on the major institutions—the Library of Chestnut Grove, individuals, places, and topics that sur - Congress, the Virginia Historical the birthplace and childhood home of Martha Washington. -
Revolutionary Period (1763-1789) Part 3: Constitutional Convention
Revolutionary Period (1763-1789) Part 3: Constitutional Convention The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 in Philadelphia. Fifty-five delegates met to revise, or improve, the nation’s first constitution, the Articles of Confederation. The Articles were so weak, the framers decided to a write a new constitution. The U.S. Constitution created a strong national government, but with limits against the abuse of power. After the convention ended, the states ratified the new constitution. Problems under the Delegates meet at States ratify the new Articles of Confederation Constitutional constitution. Examples: no president Convention in 1787 and States have too write a new constitution. much power The most important conflict at the Convention was over Another conflict was over the counting of slaves when representation in the legislative branch (Congress). determining the number of representatives each state received in the House of Representatives. Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Northern States Southern States -large state plan -small state plan -did not want to count -wanted to count -2-house legislature -1-house legislature slaves as part of the slaves as part of the -proportional -equal representation population population representation (population) Great Compromise 3/5 Compromise -2-house legislature -three-fifths of all -House of Representatives (proportional slaves would be representation) counted as part of the -Senate – equal representation (2 per population for state) representation Ratification Terms to Know Federalists – supported ratification of the Constitution Delegate - representative Federalist Papers – written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Framer - someone who and John Jay is support of ratification helped write the Constitution Anti-Federalists – opposed ratification of the Constitution, mainly Ratify - to approve or because it did not have a bill of rights accept . -
History and Structure of Article Iii
THE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE OF ARTICLE III DANIEL J. MELTZERt In his present article and two that preceded it,' Akhil Amar takes issue with what has come to be regarded as the traditional view of article III-that Congress has plenary authority over federal court jurisdiction. According to that view, Congress may deprive the lower federal courts, the Supreme Court, or all federal courts of jurisdic- tion over any cases within the federal judicial power, excepting only 2 those few that fall within the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction. Amar's powerful challenge to this tradition resembles two other t Professor of Law, Harvard University. A.B. 1972, J.D. 1975, Harvard University. I am grateful to Dick Fallon, Willy Fletcher, Gerry Gunther, and David Shapiro for their encouragement and perceptive comments, and to Matt Kreeger and Sylvia Quast for helpful suggestions and tireless research assistance. Special thanks go to Akhil Amar, whose careful and probing criticism saved me from errors and clarified my own thinking, even though he did not quite convert me. 1 See Amar, Marbury, Section 13, and the OriginalJurisdiction of the Supreme Court, 56 U. CHI. L. REv. 443 (1989) [hereinafter Amar, OriginalJurisdiction]; Amar, A Neo- FederalistFiew ofArticle III: Separatingthe Two Tiers of FederalJurisdiction,65 B.U.L. REv. 205 (1985) [hereinafter Amar, Neo-Federalist View]. 2 See, e.g., Bator, CongressionalPower Over the Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts, 27 VILL. L. REV. 1030, 1030-31 (1982); Gunther, Congressional Power to Curtail Federal CourtJurisdiction: An Opinionated Guide to the Ongoing Debate, 36 STAN. L. REV. 895, 901- 10 (1984); Redish, Congressional Power to Regulate Supreme Court Appellate Jurisdiction Under the Exceptions Clause: An Internal and External Examination, 27 VILL. -
John Adams, Political Moderation, and the 1820 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention: a Reappraisal.”
The Historical Journal of Massachusetts “John Adams, Political Moderation, and the 1820 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention: A Reappraisal.” Author: Arthur Scherr Source: Historical Journal of Massachusetts, Volume 46, No. 1, Winter 2018, pp. 114-159. Published by: Institute for Massachusetts Studies and Westfield State University You may use content in this archive for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the Historical Journal of Massachusetts regarding any further use of this work: [email protected] Funding for digitization of issues was provided through a generous grant from MassHumanities. Some digitized versions of the articles have been reformatted from their original, published appearance. When citing, please give the original print source (volume/number/date) but add "retrieved from HJM's online archive at http://www.westfield.ma.edu/historical-journal/. 114 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Winter 2018 John Adams Portrait by Gilbert Stuart, c. 1815 115 John Adams, Political Moderation, and the 1820 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention: A Reappraisal ARTHUR SCHERR Editor's Introduction: The history of religious freedom in Massachusetts is long and contentious. In 1833, Massachusetts was the last state in the nation to “disestablish” taxation and state support for churches.1 What, if any, impact did John Adams have on this process of liberalization? What were Adams’ views on religious freedom and how did they change over time? In this intriguing article Dr. Arthur Scherr traces the evolution, or lack thereof, in Adams’ views on religious freedom from the writing of the original 1780 Massachusetts Constitution to its revision in 1820. He carefully examines contradictory primary and secondary sources and seeks to set the record straight, arguing that there are many unsupported myths and misconceptions about Adams’ role at the 1820 convention. -
Report to the Attorney General Economic Liberties Protected by the Constitution
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. .. U.S. Department of JustIce Office of Legal Policy ]Report to the Attorney General Economic Liberties Protected by the Constitution March 16, 1988 ~ ~ 115093 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating It. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Ponnission to reproduce this ~material has been granted by. PubI1C Domain/Office of Legal Poli_co±y________ _ to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permis sion of the ~ht owner. REPORT TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL ON ECONOMIC LIBERTIES PROTECI'ED BY THE CONSTITUTION JAN 1:) Rec'd ACQUISITIONS Office of Legal Policy March 16, 1988 ®fftrr of tqP 1\ttotnPR Qf)puprnl Iht.sltingtnn; ]1. at. znssn In June, 1986, it was my pleasure to host the Attorney General's Conference on Economic Liberties at the Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. This conference provided an opportunity for a candid exchange of the very different views held by prominent legal scholars on the scope of constitutional j"rotections afforded to economic rights. The conference served as a catalyst for increased discussion of these issues both within the Department and outside it. The present study, "Economic Liberties Protected by the Constitution," is a further contribution to that discussion. It was prepared by the Justice Department's Office of Legal Policy, which functions as a policy development staff for the Department and undertakes comprehensive analyses of contemporary legal issues. -
Contents on the WEB
Contents ON THE WEB EVANGELISM MYTHS DEBUNKED “Evangelism is all about preaching.” Young adult students of the REACH Columbia Union Urban Evangelism School’s first classes this summer. quickly debunked this evangelism myth. Visit columbiaunionvisitor.com/ evangelismmyths to learn about other myths. SUMMER REACH TESTIMONIES Think God only worked in tangible ways in times past, or that his best modern work happens overseas? Visit columbiaunionvisitor.com/reachvideos IRRGANG to watch the testimonies of several REACH Columbia Union School students KRYSTAL who witnessed God work in their daily BY lives this summer in Ohio. Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .eps Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .eps PHOTO SHOULD ADVENTISTS SUE? 4 | Newsline Is it okay for Seventh-day Adventists to sue others? Participate in our Facebook poll on 6 | Noticias facebook.com/columbiaunionvisitor to let us know what you think. 8 | Feature IS IT RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION? Was Kim Davis, the Kentucky County clerk jailed for refusing to issue a Taking it to the Streets marriage license to a same-sex marriage couple, a victim of religious persecution? Sam Belony Visit columbiaunionvisitor.com/kimdavis to read our interview with Walter Carson, The REACH Columbia Union Urban Evangelism Columbia Union vice president and School opened this summer. Learn how young adult general counsel, to read what religious students there are learning to transform the church persecution is and is not. and change lives. FIND STRENGTH IN STRUGGLE 15 | Newsletters H. Jean Wright II, from Pennsylvania Conference’s Chestnut Hill church in Philly, recently 44 | Bulletin Board published Find Strength in Your Struggle: Discover the Miracle in You. -
Papers/Records /Collection
A Guide to the Papers/Records /Collection Collection Summary Collection Title: World War I Poster and Graphic Collection Call Number: HW 81-20 Creator: Cuyler Reynolds (1866-1934) Inclusive Dates: 1914-1918 Bulk Dates: Abstract: Quantity: 774 Administrative Information Custodial History: Preferred Citation: Gift of Cuyler Reynolds, Albany Institute of History & Art, HW 81-20. Acquisition Information: Accession #: Accession Date: Processing Information: Processed by Vicary Thomas and Linda Simkin, January 2016 Restrictions Restrictions on Access: 1 Restrictions on Use: Permission to publish material must be obtained in writing prior to publication from the Chief Librarian & Archivist, Albany Institute of History & Art, 125 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12210. Index Term Artists and illustrators Anderson, Karl Forkum, R.L. & E. D. Anderson, Victor C. Funk, Wilhelm Armstrong, Rolf Gaul, Gilbert Aylward, W. J. Giles, Howard Baldridge, C. LeRoy Gotsdanker, Cozzy Baldridge, C. LeRoy Grant, Gordon Baldwin, Pvt. E.E. Greenleaf, Ray Beckman, Rienecke Gribble, Bernard Benda, W.T. Halsted, Frances Adams Beneker, Gerritt A. Harris, Laurence Blushfield, E.H. Harrison, Lloyd Bracker, M. Leone Hazleton, I.B. Brett, Harold Hedrick, L.H. Brown, Clinton Henry, E.L. Brunner, F.S. Herter, Albert Buck, G.V. Hoskin, Gayle Porter Bull, Charles Livingston Hukari, Pvt. George Buyck, Ed Hull, Arthur Cady, Harrison Irving, Rea Chapin, Hubert Jack. Richard Chapman, Charles Jaynes, W. Christy, Howard Chandler Keller, Arthur I. Coffin, Haskell Kidder Copplestone, Bennett King, W.B. Cushing, Capt. Otho Kline, Hibberd V.B Daughterty, James Leftwich-Dodge, William DeLand, Clyde O. Lewis, M. Dick, Albert Lipscombe, Guy Dickey, Robert L. Low, Will H. Dodoe, William de L. -
Art Hand-Book, Sculpture, Architecture, Painting
:. •'t-o^ * ^^' v^^ ^ ^^^^\ ^^.m <. .*^ .. X 0° 0^ \D^ *'ir.s^ A < V ^^; .HO^ 4 o *^,'^:^'*.^*'^ "<v*-^-%o-' 'V^^''\/^ V*^^'%^ V\^ o '^^ o'/vT^^^ll^"" vy:. -rb^ ^oVv^'' '^J^M^^r^^ ^^jl.^0'rSi' ^oK °<<. ^""^^ • Sculpture » Architecture * Painting Official H^NDBOOKo/ARCHITECTVRE and SCULPTURE and ART CATALOGUE TO THE Pan-American Exposition With Maps and Illustrations by -permission of C. D. Arnold, Official Photographer BUFFALO, NEW YORK, U. S. A., MAT FIRST TO NOVEMBER FIRST, M. CM. & I. Published by DAVID GRAY, Buffalo, N. Y. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1901, by David Gray, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. • • • • • e • • •• V. • » » « » . f>t • •_••» »'t»» » » » * • • . CONGRESS, Two Copiea Received JUN. 17 1901 Copyright entry EXPOSITION, 1901. CLASS ^XXc N». PAN-AMERICAN Buffalo, N. Y. , U. S. A COPY 3, Office of Director-General. March 30, 1901. To whom it may concern: — Mr. David Gray of this City has "been granted hy the Exposition a concession to publish the Art Catalogue of the Exposition^ which will he a hook in reality a memorial of the ideals of the Exposition in Archi- tecture, Sculpture and Pine Arts. WILLIAM I. BUCHANAN, Director-General The articles, pictures and catalogue descriptions in the Pan-American Art Hand Book are copyrighted, and publication thereof without permission is forbidden. \ r..k^ ^'««- -^ -"^^ ^^ This Art Hand Book was made by the publishing and printing house of ISAAC H,. BLANCHARD CO,, in the city of New Torky at 268 and 270 Canal Street, * 200 feet, iij9 inches east of Broadway. -
The President's Power to Execute the Laws
Article The President's Power To Execute the Laws Steven G. Calabresit and Saikrishna B. Prakash" CONTENTS I. M ETHODOLOGY ............................................ 550 A. The Primacy of the Constitutional Text ........................ 551 B. The Source of Confusion Regarding Originalisin ................. 556 C. More on Whose Original Understanding Counts and Why ........... 558 II. THE TEXTUAL CASE FOR A TRINITY OF POWERS AND OF PERSONNEL ...... 559 A. The ConstitutionalText: An Exclusive Trinity of Powers ............ 560 B. The Textual Case for Unenunterated Powers of Government Is Much Harder To Make than the Case for Unenumnerated Individual Rights .... 564 C. Three Types of Institutions and Personnel ...................... 566 D. Why the Constitutional Trinity Leads to a Strongly Unitary Executive ... 568 Associate Professor, Northwestern University School of Law. B.A.. Yale University, 1980, 1 D, Yale University, 1983. B.A., Stanford University. 1990; J.D.. Yale University, 1993. The authors arc very grateful for the many helpful comments and suggestions of Akhil Reed Amar. Perry Bechky. John Harrison, Gary Lawson. Lawrence Lessig, Michael W. McConnell. Thomas W. Merill. Geoffrey P. Miller. Henry P Monaghan. Alex Y.K. Oh,Michael J.Perry, Martin H. Redish. Peter L. Strauss. Cass R.Sunstein. Mary S Tyler, and Cornelius A. Vermeule. We particularly thank Larry Lessig and Cass Sunstein for graciously shanng with us numerous early drafts of their article. Finally. we wish to note that this Article is the synthesis of two separate manuscripts prepared by each of us in response to Professors Lessig and Sunstei. Professor Calabresi's manuscript developed the originalist textual arguments for the unitary Executive, and Mr Prakash's manuscript developed the pre- and post-ratification histoncal arguments. -
The Three-Fifths Compromise 2.7
The Three-Fifths Compromise 2.7 The Three-Fifths Compromise was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. The debate was over if, and if so, how, slaves would be counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxing purposes. The issue was important, as this population number would then be used to determine the number of seats that the state would have in the United States House of Representatives for the next ten years, and to determine what percentage of the nation's direct tax burden the state would have to bear. The compromise was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman. The Convention had unanimously accepted the principle that representation in the House of Representatives would be in proportion to the relative state populations. However, since slaves could not vote, non-slaves in slave states would thus have the benefit of increased representation in the House and the Electoral College. Delegates opposed to slavery proposed that only free inhabitants of each state be counted for apportionment purposes, while delegates supportive of slavery, on the other hand, opposed the proposal, wanting slaves to count in their actual numbers. A compromise which was finally agreed upon—of counting "all other persons" as only three-fifths of their actual numbers—reduced the representation of the slave states relative to the original proposals, but improved it over the Northern position.[1] An inducement for slave states to accept the Compromise was its tie to taxation in the same ratio, so that the burden of taxation on the slave states was also reduced.