Tunnel Nests for Native Bees Nest Construction and Management
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Orchard Mason Bees
Orchard Mason Bees This page offers WWW links outside WSU as an option for finding further information. No endorsement of products or information is implied by including those sites. The orchard mason bee (Osmia lignaria) is a gentle beneficial insect that has potential as a pollinator of apples, cherries, and other tree fruits. It is found throughout most of North America, particularly in wooded areas but often around homes in towns and cities. Homeowners sometimes become concerned when they see the bee entering cavities under shake siding or investigating nail holes or other cavities in wood during March through early June. These are not destructive insects, since they do not excavate holes in the wood, though they will clean out loose debris. No controls are recommended, since no damage is done. To prevent the bee from nesting, holes may be filled with caulking. The orchard mason bee is usually slightly smaller than a honey bee and a shiny dark blue in color. The actual size of the bee depends largely upon the size of the hole in which it grew. Males (Fig. 1) are smaller than females, have longer antennae and an additional tuft of light colored hairs on the face. Females (Fig. 2) have hairs on the underside of the abdomen, called the "scopa", adapted for carrying pollen. Fig. 1 Male orchard bee. Note the long antennae. (The red coloring is caused by Chaetodactylus sp. mites riding on the bee.) Female orchard mason bee on blossom. Fig. 2 The female approaches the flower from the top, transferring pollen from other flowers in the process. -
A Visual Guide for the Identification of British Coelioxys Bees
1 Introduction The Hymenoptera is an order of insects that includes bees, wasps, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, gall wasps and their relatives. The bees (family Apidae) can be recognised as such by the presence of feather-like hairs on their bodies, particularly near the wing bases. The genus Coelioxys Latreille belongs to the bee subfamily Megachilinae. There are six species of Coelioxys present in mainland Britain. Two other species are found in Guernsey but not mentioned in this pictorial key (C. afra Lepeletier and C. brevis Eversmann). Natural History Coelioxys (their various English names are: Sharp-tailed Bees, Sharp-abdomen Bees and Sharp-bellied Bees) are among those known as cuckoo bees because the larvae grow up on food stolen from Leaf-cutter Bees (Megachile Latreille) or Flower Bees (Anthophora Latreille). The genus Megachile probably includes the closest relatives of Coelioxys. Female Megachile construct nests of larval cells from leaves and provision each cell with a mixture of pollen and nectar for the young. A female Coelioxys will seek these out and apparently uses its sharp abdomen to pierce the cells. An egg is then laid in the Megachile cell. The egg of the Coelioxys hatches before that of the Megachile and the newly-hatched larva crushes the Megachile egg with its large jaws. The Coelioxys larva can then feed on the contents of the cell. Pupation occurs within a cocoon spun within the host cell where the larva overwinters as a prepupa. The genus Anthophora excavates nest burrows in sandy soil or rotting wood, where they may also become the hosts of Coelioxys larvae. -
Wisconsin Bee Identification Guide
WisconsinWisconsin BeeBee IdentificationIdentification GuideGuide Developed by Patrick Liesch, Christy Stewart, and Christine Wen Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) The honey bee is perhaps our best-known pollinator. Honey bees are not native to North America and were brought over with early settlers. Honey bees are mid-sized bees (~ ½ inch long) and have brownish bodies with bands of pale hairs on the abdomen. Honey bees are unique with their social behavior, living together year-round as a colony consisting of thousands of individuals. Honey bees forage on a wide variety of plants and their colonies can be useful in agricultural settings for their pollination services. Honey bees are our only bee that produces honey, which they use as a food source for the colony during the winter months. In many cases, the honey bees you encounter may be from a local beekeeper’s hive. Occasionally, wild honey bee colonies can become established in cavities in hollow trees and similar settings. Photo by Christy Stewart Bumble bees (Bombus sp.) Bumble bees are some of our most recognizable bees. They are amongst our largest bees and can be close to 1 inch long, although many species are between ½ inch and ¾ inch long. There are ~20 species of bumble bees in Wisconsin and most have a robust, fuzzy appearance. Bumble bees tend to be very hairy and have black bodies with patches of yellow or orange depending on the species. Bumble bees are a type of social bee Bombus rufocinctus and live in small colonies consisting of dozens to a few hundred workers. Photo by Christy Stewart Their nests tend to be constructed in preexisting underground cavities, such as former chipmunk or rabbit burrows. -
The “Houdini” Fly Jean R
Natter’s Notes A New Pest of Mason Bees: The “Houdini” Fly Jean R. Natter Early in 2020, a new pest of mason bee, Cacoxenus sluggishly, and are often seen near the entry to a nesting indagator, was identified in Washington State for the tunnel. first time. It’s often referred to as the Houdini Fly After the mother bee leaves the nesting tunnel, the because of the unique way it escapes from the mason Houdini fly enters the tube, lays eggs on the pollen ball, bee’s nesting cell. It’s also nicknamed the Red Devil due then quickly exits. After the nesting cell is closed by the to its large red eyes, or just Devil Fly. It’s presence in mother mason bee, the fly larvae hatch and eat the Oregon is suspected but not yet verified. pollen ball. As a result, the mason bee larva starves. The arrival of the Houdini fly is suspected to be an unfortunate example of moving bees without carefully inspecting them and their nests prior to the move. “In New York, the first two records were in 2011, although it may have arrived there earlier. It had presumably come there from Europe, probably someone moving an unclean nest block,” said Josh Vlach, from the Oregon Department of Agriculture; interviewed by Andony Melathopolous; PolliNation Podcast #154 (2020). The Houdini fly, Cacoxenus indagator, is a newly identified kleptoparasite of mason bees in Washington State. Its presence is not yet verified in Oregon. This fly resembles the Drosophila fruit fly; it’s the same size, has large red eyes, but is a drab brown overall and moves sluggishly. -
A Remarkable New Species of Polochridium Gussakovskij, 1932 (Hymenoptera: Sapygidae) from China
Zootaxa 4227 (1): 119–126 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4227.1.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7DBD20D3-31D5-4046-B86E-2A5FD973E920 A remarkable new species of Polochridium Gussakovskij, 1932 (Hymenoptera: Sapygidae) from China QI YUE1, YI-CHENG LI1 & ZAI-FU XU1,2 1Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China 2Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species, Polochridium spinosum Yue, Li & Xu, sp. nov. (China: Hunan, Shaanxi, Henan), is described and illus- trated. A key to the four Chinese species of Sapygidae is given. Key words: Sapyginae, new species, Palaearctic Region, Oriental Region Introduction Sapygidae is a small family of Vespoidea and includes 70 extant species in 12 genera (Aguiar et al. 2013; Achterberg 2014; Fernández & Sarmiento 2015), which are parasites of the bees Megachilidae, Apidae, Colletidae, rarely on wasps Eumeninae of Vespidae (Torchio 1979; Xu 1994; Kurzenko, 2012). Currently three species of the subfamily Sapyginae are known from China: Sapyga coma Yasumatsu & Sugihara, 1938, S. similis (Fabricius 1793), and Polochridium eoum Gussakovskij, 1932 (Kurzenko & Gusenleitner 1994; Xu 1994). Recently we collected in Hunan, Shaanxi and Henan fourteen females and one male of Polochridium, which described below as new species. Materials and methods Descriptions of the species have been made under a Leica MZ125 stereomicroscope, with lighting achieved through a 27W fluorescent lamp. Photographic images were produced with a digital camera Cool SNAP attached to the Zeiss Stemi 2000-cs stereomicroscope, and plates were finished with ACDSee 10.0 and Photoshop CS 8.0.1, mostly to adjust the size and background. -
Decline of Six Native Mason Bee Species Following the Arrival of an Exotic Congener Kathryn A
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Decline of six native mason bee species following the arrival of an exotic congener Kathryn A. LeCroy1*, Grace Savoy‑Burke2, David E. Carr1, Deborah A. Delaney2 & T’ai H. Roulston1 A potential driver of pollinator declines that has been hypothesized but seldom documented is the introduction of exotic pollinator species. International trade often involves movement of many insect pollinators, especially bees, beyond their natural range. For agricultural purposes or by inadvertent cargo shipment, bee species successfully establishing in new ranges could compete with native bees for food and nesting resources. In the Mid‑Atlantic United States, two Asian species of mason bee (Osmia taurus and O. cornifrons) have become recently established. Using pan‑trap records from the Mid‑Atlantic US, we examined catch abundance of two exotic and six native Osmia species over the span of ffteen years (2003–2017) to estimate abundance changes. All native species showed substantial annual declines, resulting in cumulative catch losses ranging 76–91% since 2003. Exotic species fared much better, with O. cornifrons stable and O. taurus increasing by 800% since 2003. We characterize the areas of niche overlap that may lead to competition between native and exotic species of Osmia, and we discuss how disease spillover and enemy release in this system may result in the patterns we document. International trade creates opportunities for plant and animal species to be intentionally or inadvertently intro- duced into novel ecosystems where they may interact with native species. One outcome of species introductions is the potential for competitive interactions with native species, especially those that are most closely related to the introduced species. -
SUPPLIES – Plans Trailer Location Description NFES Unit Qty
Page 1 of 8 PLANS TRAILER INVENTORY Updated 12-06-19 SOME LOCATIONS ARE INCORRECT – HAVEN’T BEEN UPDATED YET Type III Incident Plans Trailer Inventory Based on a 100 Person Sized Incident (ALL CAPITALIZED item indicates NWCG catalog description) (Italics = to help you find alternate name on the list) Please secure handle into keeper before letting down ramp (if you don’t it hits the ground and gets banged up) SUPPLIES – Plans Trailer Location Description NFES Unit Qty. Location Tier Row Description Adaptor, RV type electrical, 30 amp F-1 amp M–for trailer power EA 1 Attached to Power Cord C 2 Air Duster for computers (AKA: Canned Air) EA 1 Pink tub #4 C 1 BAG, garbage, 30 GL, (125/BX) 0021 BX 2 D 4 Bag, sandwich BX 1 Pink tub #4 C 1 Baggy, ziplock, freeze, quart size (40-100/BX) BX 1 Pink tub #5 C 1 Box, empty file box EA 16 Wall left of shelving C Box, hanging file box EA 3 On Table D 2 Battery Back-up Surge Protector EA 1 A 4 BATTERY, size AA (24/PG) 0030 PG 18 Pink tub #13 C 3 BATTERY, size D (12/PG) 0033 PG 3 Pink tub #13 C 3 BOARD, Dry Erase (w/ dry erase markers) (Plans Trailer board is removable) EA 5 On Trailer Door & Walls BOARD, HELIBASE DISPLAY part 1 & 2 (Large plastic charts) 0410 SE 2 In Cardboard Tube C 1 Box Cutter (AKA: KNIFE, razor, retractable blade) 0939 EA 3 Pink tub #3 C 1 Broom (Periodic sweeping is recommended) (1 for trailer, 1 for yurt) EA 2 Corner by side door C Bucket, plastic, 5GL EA 4 E 2 Bug Spray………………………………..….See: “Repellent, insect BINDER CLIP, medium, 12/BX 0784 BX 5 Pink tub #2 C 1 BINDER CLIP, large -
Influence of Carton Stacking Patterns on Pear Cooling Rates
Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices ~& rg^ gqj OMflflfl INFLUENCE OF j CARTON STACKING PATTERNS ON PEAR COOLING RATES Marketing Research Report No. 1 7 1 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Marketing Service Marketing Research Division Washington, D. C. PREFACE The authors appreciate the help of the members of the Oregon- Washington-California Pear Bureau who made facilities and fruit available for the experiment. Without the cooperation of these mem- bers, this work could not have been conducted. Acknowledgment is made of the assistance given by R. A. Patterson, secretary, Oregon- Washington-California Pear Bureau; Ray Baker, chairman, Research Committee of the Pear Bureau; and James Main, representative, Container Corporation of America, in arranging for various details and test locations. This is an interim report on one phase of the long-range research projects of the Agricultural Marketing Service to improve the opera- tion and design of cold storage houses for tree fruits and the posthar- vest handling of these fruits. SUMMARY A new type of fiberboard carton for storing and shipping Anjou pears was tested in pilot plant operations in the Pacific Northwest. Results of the tests revealed that stacking arrangements with this carton can affect the cooling of the pears and, consequently, their condition at the end of the storage period. When containers were stacked to allow some air flow between the stacks, from 75 to 82 hours were required to remove from pears in these multiple-layer fiberboard cartons enough of the field heat to retard ripening, compared with 50 hours for those in wooden boxes. -
Containers for Shipping Apples Homer C
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Bulletins Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station 10-1953 B521: Containers for Shipping Apples Homer C. Woodward Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_bulletin Part of the Agricultural Economics Commons, and the Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Woodward, H.C. 1953. Containers for shipping apples. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 619. This Report is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletins by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONTAINERS FOR SHIPPING APPLES HOMER C. WOODWARD MAINE- AGRICULTURAL EXPERIME UNIVERSITY of MAINE OCTOBER 1953 SUMMARY Mcintosh apples, the most popular variety in Maine, are very susceptible to bruising which seriously affects the quality of the fruit. It has been shown that much of the bruising can be pre vented by proper packaging and handling. The apples used in tbis study which was conducted during two marketing seasons, ]951-52 and 1952-53, were graded and pack~d by hand at Highmoor Farm (Monmouth, Maine) and shipped by farm truck to Portland, Maine; one-half of each ship ment went directly to retail stores and one-half to the warehouses serving these stores. Other shipments were made by truck to Augusta and then by railway express to Kingston, Rhode Island. These tests were conducted in three shipping periods--early, mid season, and late--so that observations of bruising could be made at different stages of maturity of the fruit. -
MORTALITY DYNAMICS and LIFE TABLES of MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA by Claire Katherine Donahoo a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
MORTALITY DYNAMICS AND LIFE TABLES OF MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA by Claire Katherine Donahoo A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana January 2019 ©COPYRIGHT by Claire Katherine Donahoo 2019 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my major advisor, Bob Peterson, for your intelligence, encouragement, honesty, humbleness, and humor. You have been nothing short of the most significant source of knowledge and motivation for me throughout my graduate degree. To my parents, who have shown time and again that patience is the ultimate virtue. Everything that has led me to this point has been because of you. To my committee members, Kevin O’Neill and Casey Delphia, as well as Ruth O’Neill. You have each been a constant source of information and inspiration, as well as humbleness and pragmatism when most needed. To David, your love, support, encouragement, and straight-up bragging about my work to your friends has kept me going in the most trying of times. To Tom Helm and Alieda Stone, who not only provided a location for my research, but also help and guidance during every stage of the research process. To the past and present graduate students of the CoBRA lab, especially Dr. Chris Brown, Dr. Collin Preftakes, and Alyssa Piccolomini, whose guidance and wisdom about life as a graduate student and citizen of Montana was invaluable. To Laissa Cavallini dos Santos and Miles Maxcer, whose actions directly affected the progress of my own project. To Mark Greenwood, Sarah McKnight, and Caitlin Rowan and their contribution to the statistics and coding of the analyses of this project. -
Reproduction of the Red Mason Solitary Bee Osmia Rufa (Syn
Eur. J. Entomol. 112(1): 100–105, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.005 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Reproduction of the red mason solitary bee Osmia rufa (syn. Osmia bicornis) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in various habitats MONIKA FLISZKIEWICZ, ANNA KuśnierczaK and Bożena Szymaś Department of apidology, institute of zoology, Poznań university of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Key words. Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Osmia rufa (Osmia bicornis), ecosystem, reproduction, pollination, parasitism Abstract. Osmia rufa L. (Osmia bicornis L.) is a species of a solitary bee, which pollinates many wild and cultivated plants. A total of 900 cocoons containing mature individuals of Osmia rufa L. (450 females and 450 males of a known weight), were placed in each of four habitats (orchard, mixed forest, hay meadow and arboretum of the Dendrology Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences at Kórnik). These bees were provided with artificial nests made of the stems of common reed. The following parameters were calculated: reproduction dynamics, total number of chambers built by females, mean number of breeding chambers per reed tube and mean num- ber of cocoons per tube. included in the analysis were also the nectar flowers and weather conditions recorded in each of the habitats studied. General linear mixed models indicated that the highest number of chambers was recorded in the hay meadow (6.6 per tube). However, the number of cocoons per tube was similar in the hay meadow, forest and orchard (4.5–4.8 per tube) but was significantly lower in the arboretum (3.0 cocoons per tube on average). -
Should We Discard Historical Wooden Archival Boxes?
Should We Discard Historical Wooden Archival Boxes? Michel Dubus, Victoria Amoros, Stéphane Bouvet, Jean-Michel Brarda-Wieber, Isabelle Colson, Anne-Laurence Dupont, Agnès Lattuati-Derieux, Catherine Lavier, Éric Masson, Thi-Phuong Nguyen, et al. To cite this version: Michel Dubus, Victoria Amoros, Stéphane Bouvet, Jean-Michel Brarda-Wieber, Isabelle Colson, et al.. Should We Discard Historical Wooden Archival Boxes?. Mieke Adriaens, Susie Bioletti and Ira Rabin. Chemical Interactions Between Cultural Artefacts and Indoor Environment, Acco, 2018, chemical interactions between cultural artefacts and indoor environment, 978-94-6344-798-0. hal-01915913 HAL Id: hal-01915913 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01915913 Submitted on 8 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Should We Discard Historical Wooden Archival Boxes? Michel Dubus, Victoria Asensi Amoros, Stéphane Bouvet, Jean-Michel Brarda-Wieber, Isabelle Colson, Anne-Laurence Dupont, Agnès Lattuati-Derieux, Catherine Lavier, Éric Masson, Thi-Phuong Nguyen, Caroline Rogaume, Valentin Rottier A total of 868 historical wooden archival boxes from the municipal and regional archives as well as from the French National Archives were studied by archaeodendrometrical tech- niques.