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Landscape Character Assessment of Exmoor

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Introduction Part 4: Landscape Character Assessment of Exmoor 72 Exmoor Landscape Character Assessment 2018 View from Kitridge Lane towards Withypool Common 73 Part 4: Landscape Character Assessment of Exmoor Map 5: Landscape Character Types and Areas Scale 1: 130,000 © Crown copyright and database rights 2018 Ordnance Survey 100024878 74 Exmoor Landscape Character Assessment 2018 75 Part 4: Landscape Character Assessment of Exmoor Landscape Character Assessment 4.1 Exmoor’s Landscape Character Types and Areas Landscape Character Type (LCT) Landscape Character Area (LCA) A: High Coastal Heaths A1: Holdstone Down, Trentishoe & Heddon’s Mouth A2: Valley of Rocks A3: The Foreland A4: North Hill B: High Wooded Coast Combes and Cleaves B1: Heddon Valley B2: Woody Bay B3: Lyn B4: Culbone - Horner B5: Bossington B6: Culver Cliff C: Low Farmed Coast and Marsh C1: Porlock D: Open Moorland D1: Northern D2: Southern D3: Winsford Hill D4: Haddon Hill E: Farmed and Settled Vale E1: Porlock - Dunster - Minehead F: Enclosed Farmed Hills with Commons F1: Northern F2: Southern F3: Eastern G: Incised Wooded River Valleys G1: Bray G2: Mole G3: Barle G4: Exe G5: Haddeo G6: Avill H: Plantation (with Heathland) Hills H1: Croydon and Grabbist I: Wooded and Farmed Hills with Combes I1: The Brendons 76 Exmoor Landscape Character Assessment 2018 Landscape Character Types Landscape Character Types are distinct types of landscape that are relatively homogenous in character. They are generic in nature in that they may occur in different areas...but wherever they occur they share broadly similar combinations of geology, topography, drainage patterns, vegetation, historical land use, and settlement pattern 1. 4.1.1 As shown in Map 5 and the accompanying table, Exmoor contains an intricate and unique mix of distinctive landscape types including moorland, farmland and woodland. The 2007 Exmoor Landscape Character Assessment identified, mapped and described nine distinctive Landscape Character Types (LCTs) within Exmoor National Park. 4.1.2 The remainder of Part 4 contains a series of profiles which describe each of the Landscape Character Types in detail, including descriptions of the Landscape Character Areas within them. Each of the nine Landscape Character Type profiles contains the following sections: l Summary description l Location map l Key characteristics l Natural landscape features l Historic landscape features and the built environment l Landscape perceptions and cultural associations l Natural Assets and ecosystem services l Landscape Character Areas within the Landscape Character Type l Seascape Character Areas associated with the Landscape Character Type l Strength of landscape character and landscape condition l Forces for change and landscape sensitivities l Landscape management recommendations l Specific planning guidelines Landscape Character Areas Landscape Character Areas are single unique areas which are the discrete geographical areas of a particular landscape type. Each area has its own individual character and identity, even though it shares the same generic characteristics with other areas of the same type 2. 4.1.3 The nine LCTs were subdivided into unique Landscape Character Areas (LCAs), each with a distinctive sense of place. These divisions have worked well in practice and therefore are being retained in this update. The only boundary change resulting from this update was the splitting of LCT F into three LCAs when it was formerly two very large ones, creating twenty-seven LCAs in total, as shown on Map 5 , and in the accompanying table. 1 An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment (Natural England, 2014) p.54. 2 An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment (Natural England, 2014) p.54. 77 Part 4: Landscape Character Assessment of Exmoor l LCT A: High Coastal Heaths Landscape Character Type A: High Coastal Heaths Holdstone Down and Elwill Bay coast, looking towards Heddon’s Mouth from Great Hangman Summary Description This relatively small Landscape Character Type (LCT) This strikingly beautiful landscape is one of the few is located along the northern coast of Exmoor. places in England where heather moorland meets Although it is not continuous, it extends from the the sea, and therefore has a very strong sense of western edge of the National Park at Wild Pear place. The purple of the heather and yellow of the Beach to the eastern end above Minehead. It gorse gives way to the rugged coastline of high, comprises high, rocky cliffs (some of the highest in steep, rocky cliffs. This is a dramatic, open and expansive landscape with big skies, creating a sense England) capped with coastal heath and grassland. of exhilaration. There are long views along the coast It is interspersed along the coast by the High and out to sea across the Bristol Channel to South Wooded Coast, Combes and Cleaves LCT, and Low Wales. The sweeping views inland are dominated Farmed Coast and Marsh LCT, and is backed inland by patchwork fields with wooded valleys and a by the Enclosed Farmed Hills with Commons LCT backdrop of smooth moors. and the Farmed and Settled Vale LCT. Settlement is There are four Landscape Character Areas (LCAs) limited to occasional houses on Trentishoe Down, within this LCT, each representing a separate area of and there are few other buildings, although the coastal heath. This Landscape Character Type (LCT) archaeology is rich and varied. is also within six Seascape Character Areas (SCAs) identified in the Seascape Character Assessment. 78 Exmoor Landscape Character Assessment 2018 A1: Holdstone Down, Trentishoe and Heddon’s Mouth A2: Valley of Rocks A3: The Foreland A4: North Hill Key Characteristics of the High Coastal Heaths l Underlying geology of purple, grey, l An open elevated landscape –the few green and reddish-brown Devonian scattered dwellings alongside the road sandstones and mudstones, visible in at Trentishoe Down are the only the colourful cliffs. settlement. l A distinctive landform of undulating l Stunning views from the LCT out to sea plateaux, rounded moorland hills and and inland. The LCT is visible in many high, steep and rugged coastal cliffs. views from the northern part of the National Park and forms the setting for l A largely inaccessible rocky coastline the North Devon Coast AONB. Coastal with hogs-back cliffs, small rocky bays, features (such as Hurlstone Point) are wave-cut platforms, coastal waterfalls, important landmarks, as are distinctive scree slopes and rocky outcrops. landforms such as Castle Rock. l Primary land cover of coastal heath, l A strong sense of elevation and containing a mosaic of heather moor, exposure to the elements due to the gorse, coastal grassland and scrub steep cliffs fronting the sea. The habitats. inaccessible nature of the cliffs creates a l An open landscape with few trees. sense of solitude. l Occasional stone walls or fences, but l Vivid and striking colours, particularly in generally this is an unenclosed spring and summer when the heather landscape. and gorse are in flower. l A rich historic landscape with extensive l The South West Coast Path provides archaeological sites from prehistoric, footpath access to the slopes and cliffs, Roman, and medieval periods, as well and offers far-reaching coastal views. as WW2 archaeology, and the Victorian l Cultural associations with the Romantic cricket pitch in the Valley of the Rocks. Poets. 79 Part 4: Landscape Character Assessment of Exmoor l LCT A: High Coastal Heaths Natural Landscape Features Ranging in elevation from 0-442m AOD, this are visible. The dry valley with its flat stony floor and landscape type has a strong and dramatic landform towering rocks above is thought to exhibit the comprising steep and rugged hogs-back coastal results of peri-glacial processes such as frost cliffs (with coves and combes) that give rise to inland shattering, but its origins are not fully understood. areas of gently undulating moorland plateau and Rich semi-natural heather moorland comprises the smooth, rounded hills. There are also craggy rock majority of land cover within the LCT, interspersed outcrops, particularly around the Valley of Rocks. with gorse and bracken (bracken being dominant The coastal cliffs create an impressive coastline, on the coastal slopes). Parts of the coastal cliffs have with the scalloped cliff faces revealing the varied only been recently accessed by climbers, so some colours of the landscape’s underlying geology, areas remain unrecorded. The extensive areas of ranging from red, to purple, to brown to grey. heathland designated as a Site of Special Scientific Exposures of Devonian, Carboniferous and Interest and Special Area of Conservation reflect the Quaternary rocks revealed in the cliffs can be ecological value of the landscape type and the viewed from the coast path. At the foot of the cliffs range of flowers, lichens, butterflies, insects and are wave-cut platforms, sea caves and rocky bays birds which it supports. There are larger animals with hidden, often inaccessible, beaches. There are present in the landscape, including sheep, ponies impressive scree slopes in the Combes around the and a herd of feral goats at the Valley of Rocks. Foreland. At the Valley of Rocks, some of the oldest and most fossil-rich Devonian rocks in North Devon Coastal rock formations and scree slopes, Coastal heath and grassland, Valley of Rocks North Hill with South Wales on the horizon. Designated Nature Conservation Sites SpecialAreaof Exmoor Heaths (A1,A3,A4) Biosphere Reserve North Devon Biosphere Reserve Conservation(SAC) (Transition zone)
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