Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents
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Analysis of Trace Hydrocarbon Impurities in 1,3-Butadiene Using Optimized Rt®-Alumina BOND/MAPD PLOT Columns by Rick Morehead, Jan Pijpelink, Jaap De Zeeuw, Tom Vezza
Petroleum & Petrochemical Applications Analysis of Trace Hydrocarbon Impurities in 1,3-Butadiene Using Optimized Rt®-Alumina BOND/MAPD PLOT Columns By Rick Morehead, Jan Pijpelink, Jaap de Zeeuw, Tom Vezza Abstract Identifying and quantifying trace impurities in 1,3-butadiene is critical in producing high quality synthetic rubber products. Stan- dard analytical methods employ alumina PLOT columns which yield good resolution for low molecular weight hydrocarbons, but suffer from irreproducibility and poor sensitivity for polar hydrocarbons. In this study, Rt®-Alumina BOND/MAPD PLOT columns were used to separate both common light polar contaminants, including methyl acetylene and propadiene, as well as 4-vinylcy- clohexene, which is a high molecular weight impurity that normally requires a second test on an alternative column. By using an extended temperature program that employs the full thermal range of the column, 4-vinylcyclohexene, as well as all of the typical low molecular weight impurities in 1,3-butadiene, can be analyzed in a single test. Introduction 1,3-butadiene is typically isolated from products of the naphtha steam cracking process. Prior to purification, 1,3-butadiene can be contaminated with significant amounts of isobutene as well as other C4 isomers. In addition to removing these C4 isomeric contaminants during purification, it is also important that 1,3-butadiene be free of propadiene and methyl acetylene, which can interfere with catalytic polymerization. Alumina PLOT columns are the most commonly used GC column for this application, but the determination of polar hydrocarbon impurities at trace levels can be quite challenging and is highly dependent on the deactiva- tion of the alumina surface. -
ANTHRAQUINONE and ANTHRONE SERIES Part IX
ANTHRAQUINONE AND ANTHRONE SERIES Part IX. Chromatographic Adsorption of Aminoanthraquinones on Alumina BY N. R. RAo, K. H. SHAH AND K. VENKATARAMAN, F.A.Sc. (Department of Chemical Technology. University of Bombay, Bombay) Received November 10, 1951 CORRELATIONS between chemical constitution and chromatograpl~c behaviour can only be attempted in molecales of the same or similar types and under specified conditions of chromatographic treatment, since complex solvent- adsorbent, solute-solvent and solute-adsorbent relationships are involved. Changes in the sequence of adsorption of the constituents in a mixture have been observed, ooth when the adsorbent is changed and when the deve- loping solvent is changed. Thus Strain was able tc separate some ternary mixtures in four of the six pessible sequences by changing the solvent1; and LeRosen found that cryptoxanthin is aloove lycopene on alumina and on calcium carbonate columns, but the order is inverted on a column of calcium hydroxide, using benzene as developer with all the three adsoroents. 2 An inversion of the sequence of adsorption of N-ethyl-N, N'-diphenylurea and 4-nitro-N-ethylaniline was observed by Schroeder when a slight alteration in the composition of the developer (2 or 5~o of ethyl acetate in light petro- leum) was made. 3 LeRosen has defined the adsorption affinity R as the rate of movement of the adsorptive zone (mm./min.) divided by the rate of flow of developing solvent. 2 R values have been used for standardizing adsorbents and for determining the efficiency of developers; using the same adsorbent and solvent, R values provide a quantitative measure of the adsorption affinities of a series of compounds which can then be correlated with their chemical constitution. -
(C4-Naphthalene) Environmental Hazard Summary
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS ENCYCLOPEDIA C4-NAPHTHALENE ENTRY Note: This entry is for C4 Naphthalenes only. For naphthalene(s) in general, see Naphthalene entry. July 1, 1997 COMPILERS/EDITORS: ROY J. IRWIN, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WITH ASSISTANCE FROM COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENT ASSISTANT CONTAMINANTS SPECIALISTS: MARK VAN MOUWERIK LYNETTE STEVENS MARION DUBLER SEESE WENDY BASHAM NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WATER RESOURCES DIVISIONS, WATER OPERATIONS BRANCH 1201 Oakridge Drive, Suite 250 FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 80525 WARNING/DISCLAIMERS: Where specific products, books, or laboratories are mentioned, no official U.S. government endorsement is intended or implied. Digital format users: No software was independently developed for this project. Technical questions related to software should be directed to the manufacturer of whatever software is being used to read the files. Adobe Acrobat PDF files are supplied to allow use of this product with a wide variety of software, hardware, and operating systems (DOS, Windows, MAC, and UNIX). This document was put together by human beings, mostly by compiling or summarizing what other human beings have written. Therefore, it most likely contains some mistakes and/or potential misinterpretations and should be used primarily as a way to search quickly for basic information and information sources. It should not be viewed as an exhaustive, "last-word" source for critical applications (such as those requiring legally defensible information). For critical applications (such as litigation applications), it is best to use this document to find sources, and then to obtain the original documents and/or talk to the authors before depending too heavily on a particular piece of information. Like a library or many large databases (such as EPA's national STORET water quality database), this document contains information of variable quality from very diverse sources. -
BUTADIENE AS a CHEMICAL RAW MATERIAL (September 1998)
Abstract Process Economics Program Report 35D BUTADIENE AS A CHEMICAL RAW MATERIAL (September 1998) The dominant technology for producing butadiene (BD) is the cracking of naphtha to pro- duce ethylene. BD is obtained as a coproduct. As the growth of ethylene production outpaced the growth of BD demand, an oversupply of BD has been created. This situation provides the incen- tive for developing technologies with BD as the starting material. The objective of this report is to evaluate the economics of BD-based routes and to compare the economics with those of cur- rently commercial technologies. In addition, this report addresses commercial aspects of the butadiene industry such as supply/demand, BD surplus, price projections, pricing history, and BD value in nonchemical applications. We present process economics for two technologies: • Cyclodimerization of BD leading to ethylbenzene (DSM-Chiyoda) • Hydrocyanation of BD leading to caprolactam (BASF). Furthermore, we present updated economics for technologies evaluated earlier by PEP: • Cyclodimerization of BD leading to styrene (Dow) • Carboalkoxylation of BD leading to caprolactam and to adipic acid • Hydrocyanation of BD leading to hexamethylenediamine. We also present a comparison of the DSM-Chiyoda and Dow technologies for producing sty- rene. The Dow technology produces styrene directly and is limited in terms of capacity by the BD available from a world-scale naphtha cracker. The 250 million lb/yr (113,000 t/yr) capacity se- lected for the Dow technology requires the BD output of two world-scale naphtha crackers. The DSM-Chiyoda technology produces ethylbenzene. In our evaluations, we assumed a scheme whereby ethylbenzene from a 266 million lb/yr (121,000 t/yr) DSM-Chiyoda unit is combined with 798 million lb/yr (362,000 t/yr) of ethylbenzene produced by conventional alkylation of benzene with ethylene. -
Butadiene Bdi
BUTADIENE BDI CAUTIONARY RESPONSE INFORMATION 4. FIRE HAZARDS 7. SHIPPING INFORMATION 4.1 Flash Point: 7.1 Grades of Purity: Research grade: 99.86 Common Synonyms Liquefied compressed Colorless Gasoline-like odor 105°F (est.) mole% Special purity: 99.5 mole% Rubber Biethylene gas 4.2 Flammable Limits in Air: 2.0%-11.5% grade: 99.0mole% Commercial: 98% Bivinyl 4.3 Fire Extinguishing Agents: Stop flow of 7.2 Storage Temperature: Ambient 1,3-Butadiene Divinyl Floats and boils on water. Flammable visible vapor cloud is produced. gas 7.3 Inert Atmosphere: No requirement Vinyl ethylene 4.4 Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be 7.4 Venting: Safety relief Used: Not pertinent 7.5 IMO Pollution Category: Currently not available 4.5 Special Hazards of Combustion Restrict access. 7.6 Ship Type: 2 Avoid contact with liquid and gas. Products: Not pertinent Wear goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus, and rubber overclothing (including gloves). 4.6 Behavior in Fire: Vapors heavier than air 7.7 Barge Hull Type: 2 Shut off ignition sources and call fire department. and may travel a considerable distance Evacuate area in case of large discharge. to a source of ignition and flashback. 8. HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS Stay upwind and use water spray to ``knock down'' vapor. Containers may explode in a fire due to Notify local health and pollution control agencies. polymerization. 8.1 49 CFR Category: Flammable gas Protect water intakes. 4.7 Auto Ignition Temperature: 788°F 8.2 49 CFR Class: 2.1 4.8 Electrical Hazards: Class 1, Group B 8.3 49 CFR Package Group: Not listed. -
Fullerene Derivatives and Fullerene Superconductors H
Digital Commons @ George Fox University Faculty Publications - Department of Biology and Department of Biology and Chemistry Chemistry 1993 Fullerene Derivatives and Fullerene Superconductors H. H. Wang J. A. Schlueter A. C. Cooper J. L. Smart [email protected] M. E. Whitten See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/bio_fac Part of the Chemistry Commons, and the Physics Commons Recommended Citation Previously published in Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 1993, 54(12), 1655-1666. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology and Chemistry at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications - Department of Biology and Chemistry by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors H. H. Wang, J. A. Schlueter, A. C. Cooper, J. L. Smart, M. E. Whitten, U. Geiser, K. D. Carlson, J. M. Williams, U. Welp, J. D. Dudek, and M. A. Caleca This article is available at Digital Commons @ George Fox University: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/bio_fac/91 Fullerene Derivatives and Fullerene Superconductors H. H. Wang, J. A. Schlueter, A. C. Cooper, J. L. Smart, M. E. Whitten, U. Geiser, K. D. Carlson, J. M. Williams, U. Welp, J. D. Dudek and M. A. Caleca Chemistry and Materials Science Divisions Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, IL 60439 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. -
Community-Scale Air Toxics Ambient Monitoring Projects (CSATAM) Summary Report
Community-Scale Air Toxics Ambient Monitoring Projects (CSATAM) Summary Report U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality, Planning and Standards Air Quality Analysis Division 109 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 July 2009 DISCLAIMER The information presented in this document is intended as a technical resource to those conducting community-scale monitoring projects. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products. This is document and will be updated periodically as additional final reports are delivered. The Environmental Protection Agency welcomes public input on this document at any time. Comments should be sent to Barbara Driscoll ([email protected]). FORWARD In June 2009, Eastern Research Group (ERG) under subcontract to RTI International prepared a final technical report under Contract No. EP-D-08-047, Work Assignment 1-03. The report was prepared for Barbara Driscoll of the Air Quality Assessment Division (AQAD) within the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The report was written by Regi Ooman and was incorporated into this final report. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Figures ................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables.................................................................................................................................... -
Draft Toxicological Profile for 1,3-Butadiene
1,3-BUTADIENE 19 3. HEALTH EFFECTS 3.1 INTRODUCTION The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective on the toxicology of 1,3-butadiene. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. A glossary and list of acronyms, abbreviations, and symbols can be found at the end of this profile. 3.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE To help public health professionals and others address the needs of persons living or working near hazardous waste sites, the information in this section is organized first by route of exposure (inhalation, oral, and dermal) and then by health effect (death, systemic, immunological, neurological, reproductive, developmental, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects). These data are discussed in terms of three exposure periods: acute (14 days or less), intermediate (15–364 days), and chronic (365 days or more). Levels of significant exposure for each route and duration are presented in tables and illustrated in figures. The points in the figures showing no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) or lowest observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs) reflect the actual doses (levels of exposure) used in the studies. LOAELs have been classified into "less serious" or "serious" effects. "Serious" effects are those that evoke failure in a biological system and can lead to morbidity or mortality (e.g., acute respiratory distress or death). "Less serious" effects are those that are not expected to cause significant dysfunction or death, or those whose significance to the organism is not entirely clear. -
OMEGA Technology
OMEGA technology Enhancing propylene production with using olefinic C4/C5 cuts Overview Commercial operation The first OMEGA commercial unit is located at the Mizushima Works of developer Asahi Kasei OMEGA utilizes a unique high Corporation in Japan. It was started in 2006 with a capacity of 50 kta propylene using a C4 selectivity catalyst to maximize raffinate feedstock from a 450 kta steam cracker. The unit has demonstrated stable operation, with the same catalyst in use for more than propylene yield 6 years. The OMEGA process unit produces propylene by catalytic cracking of olefinic C4/C5 feeds. It can be integrated with either steam crackers or FCC/DCC units and can also be added as a revamp to an existing steam cracker. The production of propylene from these feeds through OMEGA increases the overall propylene to ethylene ratio of a project and requires a lower specific energy consumption than steam cracking alone. Developed and commercialized by Asahi Kasei Corporation the process is exclusively licensed by TechnipFMC. Mizushima OMEGA Asahi Kasei 2 OMEGA technology OMEGA technology 3 How the OMEGA OMEGA feedstocks and process works typical product yields C3- to CGC Other C2 and Lighter 0.6 wt% Depropaniser Depentaniser (option) ~530 to 600°C 0 to 5 barg Ethylene 8.0 wt% C4/C5 Feed C4 Rafnate Propylene 47.3 wt% 87% Olens Feed Omega Propane 2.1 wt% Heater Reactor Compressor C6+ C4s 29.4 wt% to GHU-2 C4+ recycle C4+ C5+ Gasoline 12.6wt% A schematic of the OMEGA process (BTX 3.4 wt%) The process uses a pair of single stage, A portion of the C4 and heavier stream is The OMEGA process can convert a wide range OMEGA catalyst adiabatic, fixed bed swing reactors with recycled to the reactor, to maximize the of olefinic steam cracker and FCC/DCC unit one reactor in operation while the other propylene yield. -
Opinion on the SCCNFP on Disperse Violet 1 Impurified with Disperse Red
SCCNFP/0504/01, final OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS CONCERNING DISPERSE VIOLET 1 IMPURIFIED WITH DISPERSE RED 15 Colipa n° C64 & C61 adopted by the SCCNFP during the 19th Plenary meeting of 27 February 2002 SCCNFP/0504/01, final Evaluation and opinion on : Disperse Violet 1 impurified with Disperse Red 15 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Terms of Reference 1.1 Context of the question The adaptation to technical progress of the Annexes to Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products. 1.2 Request to the SCCNFP The SCCNFP is requested to answer the following questions : * Is Disperse Violet 1 impurified with Disperse Red 15 safe for use in cosmetic products? * Does the SCCNFP propose any restrictions or conditions for its use in cosmetic products? 1.3 Statement on the toxicological evaluation The SCCNFP is the scientific advisory body to the European Commission in matters of consumer protection with respect to cosmetics and non-food products intended for consumers. The Commission’s general policy regarding research on animals supports the development of alternative methods to replace or to reduce animal testing when possible. In this context, the SCCNFP has a specific working group on alternatives to animal testing which, in co-operation with other Commission services such as ECVAM (European Centre for Validation of Alternative Methods), evaluates these methods. The extent to which these validated methods are applicable to cosmetic products and its ingredients is a matter of the SCCNFP. -
SAFETY DATA SHEET Flammable Gas Mixture: 1,2-Butadiene / 1,3-Butadiene / Cis-2-Butene / Ethyl Acetylene / Nitrogen / Trans-2-Butene Section 1
SAFETY DATA SHEET Flammable Gas Mixture: 1,2-Butadiene / 1,3-Butadiene / Cis-2-Butene / Ethyl Acetylene / Nitrogen / Trans-2-Butene Section 1. Identification GHS product identifier : Flammable Gas Mixture: 1,2-Butadiene / 1,3-Butadiene / Cis-2-Butene / Ethyl Acetylene / Nitrogen / Trans-2-Butene Other means of : Not available. identification Product use : Synthetic/Analytical chemistry. SDS # : 014133 Supplier's details : Airgas USA, LLC and its affiliates 259 North Radnor-Chester Road Suite 100 Radnor, PA 19087-5283 1-610-687-5253 Emergency telephone : 1-866-734-3438 number (with hours of operation) Section 2. Hazards identification OSHA/HCS status : This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Classification of the : FLAMMABLE GASES - Category 1 substance or mixture GASES UNDER PRESSURE - Compressed gas GERM CELL MUTAGENICITY - Category 1B CARCINOGENICITY - Category 1 GHS label elements Hazard pictograms : Signal word : Danger Hazard statements : Extremely flammable gas. Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated. May form explosive mixtures in Air. May displace oxygen and cause rapid suffocation. May cause genetic defects. May cause cancer. Precautionary statements General : Read and follow all Safety Data Sheets (SDS’S) before use. Read label before use. Keep out of reach of children. If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand. Close valve after each use and when empty. Use equipment rated for cylinder pressure. Do not open valve until connected to equipment prepared for use. Use a back flow preventative device in the piping. Use only equipment of compatible materials of construction. Approach suspected leak area with caution. -
95[.95]Functionalizable Glyconanoparticles for A
nanomaterials Communication Functionalizable Glyconanoparticles for a Versatile Redox Platform Marie Carrière 1,2, Paulo Henrique M. Buzzetti 1 , Karine Gorgy 1, Muhammad Mumtaz 2, Christophe Travelet 2 , Redouane Borsali 2,* and Serge Cosnier 1,* 1 UMR 5250, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEDEX 09, 38058 Grenoble, France; [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (P.H.M.B.); [email protected] (K.G.) 2 CERMAV, UPR 5301, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEDEX 09, 38058 Grenoble, France; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (C.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.B.); [email protected] (S.C.) Abstract: A series of new glyconanoparticles (GNPs) was obtained by self-assembly by direct nano- precipitation of a mixture of two carbohydrate amphiphilic copolymers consisting of polystyrene- block-β-cyclodextrin and polystyrene-block-maltoheptaose with different mass ratios, respectively 0–100, 10–90, 50–50 and 0–100%. Characterizations for all these GNPs were achieved using dynamic light scattering, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques, highlighting their spher- ical morphology and their nanometric size (diameter range 20–40 nm). In addition, by using the inclusion properties of cyclodextrin, these glyconanoparticles were successfully post-functionalized using a water-soluble redox compound, such as anthraquinone sulfonate (AQS) and characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The resulting glyconanoparticles exhibit the classical electroactivity of free AQS in solution. The amount of AQS immobilized by host–guest interactions is proportional to the percentage of polystyrene-block-β-cyclodextrin entering into the composition of GNPs.