General Overview IDP Situation Monitoring Initiative
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THE PUBLIC MONETARY AUTHORITY in NORTHWEST SYRIA Flash Report 10 July 2020 KEY DEVELOPMENTS
THE PUBLIC MONETARY AUTHORITY IN NORTHWEST SYRIA Flash report 10 July 2020 KEY DEVELOPMENTS The Public Monetary Authority (PMA) is a rebranding of the Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS)'s General Institution for Cash Management and Customer Protection (CMCP) which was established in May 2017. The PMA imposed a mandatory registration on currency exchange and hawala companies and classified them into three main categories depending on the size of their financial capital. The PMA has the right to supervise, monitor, and inspect monetary transactions, data, records and documents of licensed companies to ensure compliance with the PMA’s regulations, during the validity period of the license, or even if the license was terminated or revoked. Licensed companies must provide the PMA with a monthly report detailing incoming and outcoming financial remittances and must maintain financial liquidity ranging from 25% to 50% of the company's financial value in US dollars at the PMA custody at all times. Financial transfers made in Turkish lira will include the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG), as the currency will be brought in from the SSG's Sham Bank. This is not the case of financial transfers made in other currencies including the US dollar. The intervention of the PMA in hawala networks has profound implications for humanitarian organizations operating in northwestern Syria, however hawala agents, particularly in medium to large agencies, can reject the PMA's monitoring and control requirements. INTRODUCTION constant price fluctuation", according to interviews To mitigate the impact of the rapid and continuous published on local media agencies. collapse of the Syrian pound, which exceeded 3,000 SYP per USD in early July 2020, local authorities in Local authorities however have not explained the northwest Syria have decided instead to trade political aspect of this shift with regards to its effect using the Turkish lira. -
A Study of the Levantine Agricultural Economy (1St-8Th C. AD)
Society and economy in marginal zones: a study of the Levantine agricultural economy (1st-8th c. AD) Andrea Zerbini Department of Classics and Philosophy Royal Holloway University of London PhD in Classics 1 2 Abstract This thesis analyses the social and economic structures that characterised settlement in ecologically marginal regions in the Roman to early-Arab Levant (1st-8th c. AD). Findings show that, far from being self-sufficient, the economy of marginal zones relied heavily on surplus production aimed at marketing. The connection of these regions to large-scale commercial networks is also confirmed by ceramic findings. The thesis is structured in four main parts. The first outlines the main debates and research trends in the study of ancient agrarian society and economy. Part II comprises a survey of the available evidence for settlement patterns in two marginal regions of the Roman Near East: the Golan Heights, the jebel al-cArab. It also includes a small- scale test study that concentrates on the long-term development of the hinterland of Sic, a hilltop village in the jebel al-cArab, which housed one of the most important regional sanctuaries in the pre-Roman and Roman period. Parts III and IV contain the core the thesis and concentrate on the Limestone Massif of northern Syria, a region located between the cities of Antioch, Aleppo (Beroia) and Apamea. Following settlement development from the 2nd c. BC to the 12 c. AD, these sections provide a comprehensive assessment of how a village society developed out of semi-nomadic groups (largely through endogenous transformations) and was able to attain great prosperity in Late Antiquity. -
February 2019 Fig
HEALTH CLUSTER BULLETIN February 2019 Fig. AIDoctors providing physiotherapy services Turkey Cross Border Fig. AIDoctors providing Physical Therapy sessions. Emergency type: complex emergency Reporting period: 01.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 13.2 MILLION* 2.9 MILLION* 3.58 MILLION 3** ATTACKS PEOPLE IN NEED OF HEALTH PIN IN SYRIAN REFUGGES AGAINST HEALTH CARE HEALTH ASSISTANCE NWS HRP2019 IN TURKEY (**JAN-FEB 2019) (A* figures are for the Whole of Syria HRP 2019 (All figures are for the Whole of Syria) HIGHLIGHTS GAZIANTEP HEALTH CLUSTER The funds suspension from the governments of 116 HEALTH CLUSTER MEMBERS Germany and France in humanitarian activities in MEDICINES DELIVERED1 the health sector was lifted for some NGOs and TREATMENT COURSES FOR COMMON 460,000 the programs with humanitarian activities will DISEASES resume. Although suspension was lifted, the FUNCTIONAL HEALTH FACILITIES HERAMS NGOs must adhere to several additional FUNCTIONING FIXED PRIMARY HEALTH measures to allow full resumption of the 173 CARE FACILITIES humanitarian activities. 85 FUNCTIONING HOSPITALS The Azaz Mental Health Asylum Hospital will stop 80 MOBILE CLINICS operating end of February 2019. The hospital, HEALTH SERVICES2 supported by PAC, is currently funded by King 905,502 CONSULTATIONS Salman Foundation. The mental health patients 9,320 DELIVERIES ASSISTED BY A SKILLED of this hospital should be transported to Aleppo ATTENDANT or Damascus City. An Exit Strategy/Transfer plan 8,489 REFERRALS is not clear yet but been develop. 977,744 MEDICAL PROCEDURES th On 26 February, local sources reported that the 37,310 TRAUMA CASES SUPPORTED SSG issued a new circular that all the NGOs 2,387 NEW CONFLICT RELATED TRAUMA CASES vehicles and ambulances must get a mission VACCINATION order from the SSG to be able to cross from Idleb 8,264 CHILDREN AGED ˂5 VACCINATED3 to Afrin and Northern Aleppo. -
ASOR Syrian Heritage Initiative (SHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001
ASOR Syrian Heritage Initiative (SHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001 Weekly Report 2 — August 18, 2014 Michael D. Danti Heritage Timeline August 16 APSA website released a video and a short report on alleged looting at Deir Turmanin (5th Century AD) in Idlib Governate. SHI Incident Report SHI14-018. • DGAM posted a report on alleged vandalism/looting and combat damage sustained to the Roman/Byzantine Beit Hariri (var. Zain al-Abdeen Palace) of the 2nd Century AD in Inkhil, Daraa Governate. SHI Incident Report SHI14-017. • Heritage for Peace released its weekly report Damage to Syria’s Heritage 17 August 2014. August 15 DGAM posts short report Burning of the Historic Noria Gaabariyya in Hama. Cf. SHI Incident Report SHI14-006 dated Aug. 9. DGAM report provides new photos of the fire damage. SHI Report Update SHI14-006. August 14 Chasing Aphrodite website posted an article entitled Twenty Percent: ISIS “Khums” Tax on Archaeological Loot Fuels the Conflicts in Syria and Iraq featuring an interview between CA’s Jason Felch and Dr. Amr al-Azm of Shawnee State University. • Damage to a 6th century mosaic from al-Firkiya in the Maarat al-Numaan Museum. Source: Smithsonian Newsdesk report. SHI Incident Report SHI14-016. • Aleppo Archaeology website posted a video showing damage in the area south of the Aleppo Citadel — much of the damage was caused by the July 29 tunnel bombing of the Serail by the Islamic Front. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=739634902761700&set=vb.4596681774 25042&type=2&theater SHI Incident Report Update SHI14-004. -
EUI RSCAS Working Paper 2021/08 How Global Jihad Relocalises And
RSC 2021/08 Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies The Middle East Directions Programme How Global Jihad Relocalises and Where it Leads. The Case of HTS, the Former AQ Franchise in Syria Jerome Drevon and Patrick Haenni European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies The Middle East Directions Programm How Global Jihad Relocalises and Where it Leads. The Case of HTS, the Former AQ Franchise in Syria Jerome Drevon and Patrick Haenni EUI Working Paper RSC 2021/08 Terms of access and reuse for this work are governed by the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC- BY 4.0) International license. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the working paper series and number, the year and the publisher. ISSN 1028-3625 © Jerome Drevon and Patrick Haenni, 2021 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0) International license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published in January 2021 by the European University Institute. Badia Fiesolana, via dei Roccettini 9 I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual author(s) and not those of the European University Institute. This publication is available in Open Access in Cadmus, the EUI Research Repository: https://cadmus.eui.eu Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, created in 1992 and currently directed by Professor Brigid Laffan, aims to develop inter-disciplinary and comparative research on the major issues facing the process of European integration, European societies and Europe’s place in 21st century global politics. -
Download the Full Report
HUMAN “Maybe We Live RIGHTS and Maybe We Die” WATCH Recruitment and Use of Children by Armed Groups in Syria “Maybe We Live and Maybe We Die” Recruitment and Use of Children by Armed Groups in Syria Copyright © 2014 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-1425 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JUNE 2014 ISBN: 978-1-62313-1425 “Maybe We Live and Maybe We Die” Recruitment and Use of Children by Armed Groups in Syria Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 5 To All Armed Groups Fighting in Syria ....................................................................................... -
Cry Havoc Règles Fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page1
ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page1 HISTORY & SCENARIOS ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page2 © Buxeria & Historic’One éditions - 2017 - v1.0 ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page3 SELJUK SULTANATE OF RUM Konya COUNTY OF EDESSA Sis PRINCIPALITY OF ARMENIAN CILICIA Edessa Tarsus Turbessel Harran BYZANTINE EMPIRE Antioch Aleppo PRINCIPALITY OF ANTIOCH Emirate of Shaïzar Isma'ili COUNTY OF GRAND SELJUK TRIPOLI EMPIRE Damascus Acre DAMASCUS F THE MIDDLE EAST KINGDOM IN 1135 TE O OF between the First JERUSALEM and Second Crusades Jerusalem EMIRA N EW S FATIMID 0 150 km CALIPHATE ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:43 Page1 History The Normans in Northern Syria in the 12th Century 1. Historical background Three Normans distinguished themselVes during the First Crusade: Robert Curthose, Duke of NormandY and eldest son of William the Conqueror 1 Whose actions Were decisiVe at the battle of DorYlea in 1197, Bohemond of Taranto, the eldest son of Robert Guiscard 2, and his nepheW Tancred, Who led one of the assaults upon the Walls of Jerusalem in 1099. Before participating in the crusade, Bohemond had been passed oVer bY his Younger half-brother Roger Borsa as Duke of Puglia and Calabria on the death of his father in 1085. Far from being motiVated bY religious sentiment like GodfreY of Bouillon, the crusade Was for him just another occasion to Wage War against his perennial enemY, BYZantium, and to carVe out his oWn state in the HolY Land. -
SYRIA - IDLEB Humanitarian Purposes Only IDP Location - As of 23 Oct 2015 Production Date : 26 Oct 2015
SYRIA - IDLEB Humanitarian Purposes Only IDP Location - As of 23 Oct 2015 Production date : 26 Oct 2015 Nabul Al Bab MARE' JANDAIRIS AFRIN NABUL Tadaf AL BAB Atma ! Qah ² ! Daret Haritan Azza TADAF Reyhanli DARET AZZA HARITAN DANA Deir Hassan RASM HARAM !- Darhashan Harim Jebel EL-IMAM Tlul Dana ! QOURQEENA Saman Antakya Ein Kafr Hum Elbikara Big Hir ! ! Kafr Mu Jamus ! Ta l ! HARIM Elkaramej Sahara JEBEL SAMAN Besnaya - Sarmada ! ! Bseineh Kafr ! Eastern SALQIN ! Qalb Ariba Deryan Kafr ! Htan ! Lozeh ! Kafr Naha Kwaires ! Barisha Maaret ! ! Karmin TURKEY Allani ! Atarib ! Kafr Rabeeta ! Radwa ! Eskat ! ! Kila ! Qourqeena Kafr Naseh Atareb Elatareb Salqin Kafr ! EASTERN KWAIRES Delbiya Meraf ! Kafr Elshalaf Takharim Mars ! Kafr ! Jeineh Aruq ! Ta lt i t a ! Hamziyeh ! Kelly ! Abu ! Ta lh a ATAREB ! Kaftin Qarras KAFR TAKHARIMHelleh ! Abin ! Kafr ! Hazano ! Samaan Hind ! Kafr ! Kuku - Thoran Ein Eljaj ! As Safira Armanaz ! Haranbush ! Maaret Saidiyeh Kafr Zarbah ! Elekhwan Kafr - Kafr ! Aleppo Kafrehmul ! Azmarin Nabi ! Qanater Te ll e m ar ! ! ! ! Dweila Zardana AS-SAFIRA ! Mashehad Maaret Elnaasan ! Biret MAARET TAMSRIN - Maaret Ramadiyeh Elhaski Ghazala -! Armanaz ! ! Mgheidleh Maaret ! ARMANAZKuwaro - Shallakh Hafasraja ! Um Elriyah ! ! Tamsrin TEFTNAZ ! Zanbaqi ! Batenta ! ALEPPO Milis ! Kafraya Zahraa - Maar Dorriyeh Kherbet ! Ta m sa ri n Teftnaz Hadher Amud ! ! Darkosh Kabta Quneitra Kafr Jamiliya ! ! ! Jales Andnaniyeh Baliya Sheikh ! BENNSH Banan ! HADHER - Farjein Amud Thahr Yousef ! ! ! ! Ta lh i ye h ZARBAH Nasra DARKOSH Arshani -
“Targeting Life in Idlib”
HUMAN RIGHTS “Targeting Life in Idlib” WATCH Syrian and Russian Strikes on Civilian Infrastructure “Targeting Life in Idlib” Syrian and Russian Strikes on Civilian Infrastructure Copyright © 2020 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-8578 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: https://www.hrw.org OCTOBER 2020 ISBN: 978-1-62313-8578 “Targeting Life in Idlib” Syrian and Russian Strikes on Civilian Infrastructure Map .................................................................................................................................. i Glossary .......................................................................................................................... ii Summary ........................................................................................................................ -
Syria - Displacements from Northern Syria Production Date : 25/08/2016 IDP Locations - As of 16 August 2016
For Humanitarian Purposes Only Syria - Displacements from Northern Syria Production date : 25/08/2016 IDP Locations - As of 16 August 2016 Total number of IDPs: 749,275 BULBUL Raju " RAJU Shamarin Talil Elsham ² Krum Zayzafun - Ekdeh Gender & Age SHARAN Shmarekh Sharan Kafrshush Baraghideh " Tatiyeh Jdideh Maarin Ar-Ra'ee Salama AR-RA'EE " Nayara Ferziyeh A'ZAZ Azaz " Azaz Niddeh 19% MA'BTALI Sijraz Yahmul Maabatli Suran " Jarez " Kafr Kalbein 31% Maraanaz Girls under 18 Al-Malikeyyeh Kaljibrin AGHTRIN Afrin Manaq Akhtrein Boys under 18 " " Sheikh El-Hadid " Mare' Women " A'RIMA Tall Refaat 24% " Men Baselhaya TALL REFAAT AFRIN Deir Jmal MARE' Kafr Naseh Tal Refaat 26% Kafrnaya JANDAIRIS Jandairis " Nabul AL BAB " Al Bab " NABUL Tal Jbine Tadaf " Shelter Type Hayyan T U R K E Y Qah Atma Selwa Random gatherings HARITAN Andan Haritan TADAF Unfinished houses or Daret Azza " " buildings Reyhanli Kafr Bssin Other Qabtan Eljabal Tilaada Individual tents DARET AZZA A L E P P O Babis Deir Hassan - Darhashan Hur Maaret Elartiq Kafr Hamra Rented houses DANA Hezreh - Hezri Termanin Dana Anjara Foziyeh Harim " Bshantara RASM HARAM EL-IMAM Open areas " Tqad Majbineh Aleppo Antakya Ras Elhisn " Total Tlul Kafr Hum Ein Elbikara Aleppo HARIM Tuwama Hoteh Under trees Kafr Mu Tlul Big Hir Jamus QOURQEENA Tal Elkaramej Sahara JEBEL SAMAN Um Elamad Alsafira Besnaya - Bseineh Sarmada Oweijel Htan Tadil Collective center Ariba Qalb Lozeh Barisha Eastern Kwaires " Bozanti Kafr Deryan Kafr Karmin Abzemo Maaret Atarib Allani Radwa Kafr Taal Kafr Naha Home Kafr -
General Assembly Security Council Seventy-Fifth Session Seventy-Fifth Year Agenda Items 34, 71, 114 and 135
United Nations A/75/644–S/2020/1191 General Assembly Distr.: General 14 December 2020 Security Council Original: English General Assembly Security Council Seventy-fifth session Seventy-fifth year Agenda items 34, 71, 114 and 135 Prevention of armed conflict Right of peoples to self-determination Measures to eliminate international terrorism The responsibility to protect and the prevention of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity Letter dated 10 December 2020 from the Permanent Representative of Armenia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General Further to my letters dated 3 October (A/75/491-S/2020/976), 5 October (A/75/496-S/2020/984) and 31 October (A/75/566-S/2020/1073), I am enclosing herewith the Report on the involvement of foreign terrorist fighters and mercenaries by Azerbaijan in the aggression against Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) (see annex). I kindly request that the present letter and its annex be circulated as a document of the General Assembly, under agenda items 34, 71, 114 and 135 and of the Security Council. (Signed) Mher Margaryan Ambassador Permanent Representative 20-17210 (E) 221220 *2017210* A/75/644 S/2020/1191 Annex to the letter dated 10 December 2020 from the Permanent Representative of Armenia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General REPORT ON THE USE OF FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS (FTFs) BY AZERBAIJAN IN THE AGGRESSION TO SUPPRESS THE INALIENABLE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE OF ARTSAKH (NAGORNO-KARABAKH) TO SELF-DETERMINATION (as of October 31, 2020) 2/41 20-17210 A/75/644 S/2020/1191 Contents Chapter 1: Overview ........................................................................................................................................ -
SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021
SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, 6 May 2018a; administrative divisions: GADM, 6 May 2018b; incid- ent data: ACLED, 12 March 2021; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Explosions / Remote Conflict incidents by category 2 1539 195 615 violence Development of conflict incidents from December 2018 to December 2020 2 Battles 650 308 1174 Violence against civilians 394 185 218 Methodology 3 Strategic developments 364 1 1 Conflict incidents per province 4 Protests 158 0 0 Riots 9 0 0 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 3114 689 2008 Disclaimer 7 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). Development of conflict incidents from December 2018 to December 2020 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). 2 SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Methodology GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in this overview might therefore differ from the original ACLED data.