1 Consider the Development of Imagery in the Superhero Film. Are
Consider the development of imagery in the superhero film. Are its expressive techniques more relevant to traditions of comics or cinema? Illustrate your answer with examples. From a level of camp that was attributed to early1 television and made-for-television film adaptations of superhero comics, to the realism and gritty German expressionist lens that coloured the likes of Superman (Richard Donner, 1978) and Batman (Tim Burton, 1989) respectively (Morton, 2016), the development of imagery in the superhero film has often teetered between the expressive techniques of cinema, and those of comics. According to Bukatman (2011: 118), today “the superhero film has displaced the superhero comic in the world of mass culture.” With this in mind, it is expedient to assess which medium’s expressive techniques the twenty-first century is more relevant to. Through the analysis of three films, this essay attempts to do exactly that. Before taking on this endeavour, however, it is important to establish what the yardstick of each medium’s expressive techniques is for this essay. Cinematic expressive techniques will be taken as the mise-en-scène2, soundtrack/score, the use of the star/celebrity, and visual effects. While the expressive techniques of comics will be taken as the use of panels, the elements within panels3, gutters, page-turns, and colour. The following three films will be analysed: Watchmen (Zack Snyder, 2009), a film that is said to be “very faithful” (Crocker, 2009) to the original comic book, but still appears “something less than the sum of its parts” (Bukatman, 2011:118); Thor: Ragnarok (Taika Waititi, 2017), the third instalment of the ‘Thor’ series which is most lauded for its evident “Jack Kirby influence” (Waititi, quoted in Blair, 2017); and Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (Ramsey, Rothman & Persichetti, 2018), which of the three chosen films is arguably the most relevant to the expressive techniques of comics, given its closeness to the medium as an animated film.
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