1 Music and the Rise of Caribbean Nationalism: The Jamaican Case Gregory Freeland Department of Political Science California Lutheran University (805) 493-3477
[email protected] 2 Abstract Caribbean nationalism emerged in many ways, but music played a vital role in furnishing emotion and ideological cohesion, and fueled the excitement and sustainability of nationalist identification leading up and following independence. This study employs the musical form, ska, to exemplify how music generated a sense of nationalism in Jamaica during the late 1950s and early 1960s, and as such provided strength for independence stability and some of the courage and excitement that sustained it through its early manifestation. Music created metaphorical and emotional meanings as well as political meanings through lyrics and rhythms that helped frame independence as more than an image of freedom from colonial rule. This study utilizes interviews, music lyrics, and literature to conclude that a cultural force, like, music, created a stronger sense of nationalism among Jamaicans, which facilitated the rise of a cultural uniqueness and collective identity. 1 History has shown that music profoundly shapes the goals and objectives of a people moving toward collective identity, cultural nationalism, and political independence. Music also transmits ideologies and political demands to adherents and activists of political, cultural, and social movements. This musical effect played out dramatically in the rise of Caribbean nationalism.1 Caribbean nationalism emerged in many ways, but music played a vital role in furnishing emotion and ideological cohesion, and fueled the excitement and sustainability of nationalist identification. This effect is exemplified with, for example, merengue in the Dominican Republic, calypso in Trinidad-Tobago, and rumba in Cuba.