Characterization of Two Cuban Strains of Rhipicephalus Microplus Ticks
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Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus Microplus-Host Interface: a Review of Resistant and Susceptible Host Responses
REVIEW published: 11 December 2017 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00506 Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus-Host Interface: A Review of Resistant and Susceptible Host Responses Ala E. Tabor 1, 2*, Abid Ali 3, 4†, Gauhar Rehman 3†, Gustavo Rocha Garcia 5, Amanda Fonseca Zangirolamo 5, Thiago Malardo 5 and Nicholas N. Jonsson 6* 1 Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia, 2 Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia, 3 Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan, 4 Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 5 Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 6 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom Ticks are able to transmit tick-borne infectious agents to vertebrate hosts which cause major constraints to public and livestock health. The costs associated with mortality, Edited by: relapse, treatments, and decreased production yields are economically significant. Ard Menzo Nijhof, Ticks adapted to a hematophagous existence after the vertebrate hemostatic system Freie Universität Berlin, Germany evolved into a multi-layered defense system against foreign invasion (pathogens and Reviewed by: Sim K. Singhrao, ectoparasites), blood loss, and immune responses. Subsequently, ticks evolved by University of Central Lancashire, developing an ability to suppress the vertebrate host immune system with a devastating United Kingdom Gervasio Henrique Bechara, impact particularly for exotic and crossbred cattle. Host genetics defines the immune Pontifícia Universidade Católica do responsiveness against ticks and tick-borne pathogens. -
Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria in a Veterinary Perspective
biology Review Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria in a Veterinary Perspective Valentina Virginia Ebani 1,2,* and Francesca Mancianti 1,2 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] 2 Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-050-221-6968 Simple Summary: Several fungal species are well suited to control arthropods, being able to cause epizootic infection among them and most of them infect their host by direct penetration through the arthropod’s tegument. Most of organisms are related to the biological control of crop pests, but, more recently, have been applied to combat some livestock ectoparasites. Among the entomopathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis, innocuous for humans, animals, and plants and isolated from different environments, showed the most relevant activity against arthropods. Its entomopathogenic property is related to the production of highly biodegradable proteins. Entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria are usually employed against agricultural pests, and some studies have focused on their use to control animal arthropods. However, risks of infections in animals and humans are possible; thus, further studies about their activity are necessary. Abstract: The present study aimed to review the papers dealing with the biological activity of fungi and bacteria against some mites and ticks of veterinary interest. In particular, the attention was turned to the research regarding acarid species, Dermanyssus gallinae and Psoroptes sp., which are the cause of severe threat in farm animals and, regarding ticks, also pets. -
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus
Dantas-Torres et al. Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:213 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/6/1/213 RESEARCH Open Access Morphological and genetic diversity of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from the New and Old Worlds Filipe Dantas-Torres1,2*, Maria Stefania Latrofa2, Giada Annoscia2, Alessio Giannelli2, Antonio Parisi3 and Domenico Otranto2* Abstract Background: The taxonomic status of the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto), which has long been regarded as the most widespread tick worldwide and a vector of many pathogens to dogs and humans, is currently under dispute. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive morphological and genetic study of 278 representative specimens, which belonged to different species (i.e., Rhipicephalus bursa, R. guilhoni, R. microplus, R. muhsamae, R. pusillus, R. sanguineus sensu lato, and R. turanicus) collected from Europe, Asia, Americas, and Oceania. After detailed morphological examination, ticks were molecularly processed for the analysis of partial mitochondrial (16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, and cox1) gene sequences. Results: In addition to R. sanguineus s.l. and R. turanicus, three different operational taxonomic units (namely, R. sp. I, R.sp.II,andR. sp. III) were found on dogs. These operational taxonomical units were morphologically and genetically different from R. sanguineus s.l. and R. turanicus. Ticks identified as R. sanguineus s.l., which corresponds to the so-called “tropical species” (=northern lineage), were found in all continents and genetically it represents a sister group of R. guilhoni. R. turanicus was found on a wide range of hosts in Italy and also on dogs in Greece. Conclusions: The tropical species and the temperate species (=southern lineage) are paraphyletic groups. -
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Crimean-Congo Importance Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is caused by a zoonotic virus that Hemorrhagic seems to be carried asymptomatically in animals but can be a serious threat to humans. This disease typically begins as a nonspecific flu-like illness, but some cases Fever progress to a severe, life-threatening hemorrhagic syndrome. Intensive supportive care is required in serious cases, and the value of antiviral agents such as ribavirin is Congo Fever, still unclear. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is widely distributed Central Asian Hemorrhagic Fever, in the Eastern Hemisphere. However, it can circulate for years without being Uzbekistan hemorrhagic fever recognized, as subclinical infections and mild cases seem to be relatively common, and sporadic severe cases can be misdiagnosed as hemorrhagic illnesses caused by Hungribta (blood taking), other organisms. In recent years, the presence of CCHFV has been recognized in a Khunymuny (nose bleeding), number of countries for the first time. Karakhalak (black death) Etiology Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic Last Updated: March 2019 fever virus (CCHFV), a member of the genus Orthonairovirus in the family Nairoviridae and order Bunyavirales. CCHFV belongs to the CCHF serogroup, which also includes viruses such as Tofla virus and Hazara virus. Six or seven major genetic clades of CCHFV have been recognized. Some strains, such as the AP92 strain in Greece and related viruses in Turkey, might be less virulent than others. Species Affected CCHFV has been isolated from domesticated and wild mammals including cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo, hares (e.g., the European hare, Lepus europaeus), African hedgehogs (Erinaceus albiventris) and multimammate mice (Mastomys spp.). -
TTP STVM Poster Abstracts Final
Joint 8th International Ticks and Tick-borne Pathogens (TTP-8) and 12th Biennial Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (STVM) Conference 24-29 August 2014 Cape Town South Africa Poster Abstracts TH POSTER SESSION I: MONDAY 25 AUGUST (17H00-19H00) x Abstract Presenting Author and Title Category no. Maxwell Opara: Recovering Ability of the African Grasscutter ( Thryonomys swinderianus ) to 0025 Trypanosoma infections Francisco Ruiz -Fons: The effects of host and environmental factors on tick parasitism in red 0029 deer are modulated by sex Pilar Alberdi: Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains inhibit apoptosis of Ixodes spp. tick cells to 0040 enhance early survival and multiplication Maria Pilar Alberdi: Experimental infections of HL -60 cells with different strains of Anaplasma 0051 phagocytophilum isolated from humans, dogs and sheep Veronika Urbanova: Components of tick complement system and their role in the immune 0053 response to microbial challenge 006 0 Marinda Oosthuizen: Wild ruminant species as reservoir hosts of tick -borne haemoparasites Sandy Sibusiso Baloyi: Transcriptomic analysis of African swine fever virus gene expression 0064 during infection Vincenzo Lorusso: Tick -borne pathogens of camels in Sokoto, Nigeria: Updating some host - 0088 pathogen associations Nathalie Vachiery: Global gene expression profiling of virulent and attenuated strains: 0091 towards the comprehension of Ehrlichia ruminantium pathogenesis Rosangela Zacarias Machado: Molecular and serological detection of Theileria equi and 0095 Babesia caballi in equids in São-Luiz, Maranhão, Brazil 0101 Jasna Kraljik: Ticks and fleas on small mammals in natural foci of Eastern Slovakia Carin Boshoff: Experimental infection of domestic pigs with African swine fever virus to 0104 investigate transmission cycles Lenka Berthova: Rickettsia spp. -
African Horse Sickness Standard Operating Procedures: 1
AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES: 1. OVERVIEW OF ETIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY DRAFT AUGUST 2013 File name: FAD_Prep_SOP_1_EE_AHS_Aug2013 SOP number: 1.0 Lead section: Preparedness and Incident Coordination Version number: 1.0 Effective date: August 2013 Review date: August 2015 The Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) provide operational guidance for responding to an animal health emergency in the United States. These draft SOPs are under ongoing review. This document was last updated in August 2013. Please send questions or comments to: Preparedness and Incident Coordination Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Road, Unit 41 Riverdale, Maryland 20737-1231 Telephone: (301) 851-3595 Fax: (301) 734-7817 E-mail: [email protected] While best efforts have been used in developing and preparing the FAD PReP SOPs, the U.S. Government, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and other parties, such as employees and contractors contributing to this document, neither warrant nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information or procedure disclosed. The primary purpose of these FAD PReP SOPs is to provide operational guidance to those government officials responding to a foreign animal disease outbreak. It is only posted for public access as a reference. The FAD PReP SOPs may refer to links to various other Federal and State agencies and private organizations. These links are maintained solely for the user's information and convenience. -
Rhipicephalus Ticks
Close enCounters With the environment What’s Eating You? Rhipicephalus Ticks Lauren E. Krug, BS; Dirk M. Elston, MD he genus Rhipicephalus includes 2 ticks of major importance. The first tick is Rhipicephalus T sanguineus (the brown dog tick); it is com- mon worldwide and acts as an important disease vector for both dogs and humans. It carries Rocky Mountain spotted fever and canine babesiosis. The Inornate scutum second important tick in this group is Rhipicephalus (formerly Boophilus) microplus (the cattle tick); it gen- erally is considered to be the most important livestock Hexagonal basis capitula tick worldwide. Tick infestation causes cattle to lose weight and damages their hides.CUTIS Cattle ticks also serve Engorged female as important disease vectors, particularly for Babesia species and Anaplasma marginale. Cattle ticks have been estimated to cost countries such as Brazil as much Rhipicephalus ticks are teardrop shaped and brown with as $2 billion annually due to tick damage and control an inornate scutum and hexagonal basis capitulum. costs.1 They are still prevalent in Mexico and a quar- antine zone was established to prevent transmission Patients who present with a tick bite may report in theDo United States. However, Not they are occasionally severe itchingCopy at the location of the tick attachment. found in Texas and remain a threat to livestock in the The area will appear as erythematous papules because United States. Although R microplus is most commonly of antigens in the tick’s saliva that cause a type IV associated with cattle, it also may be found attached to hypersensitivity reaction. -
Rickettsial Pathogens and Arthropod Vectors of Medical and Veterinary Significance on Kwajalein Atoll and Wake Island
Micronesica 43(1): 107 – 113, 2012 Rickettsial pathogens and arthropod vectors of medical and veterinary significance on Kwajalein Atoll and Wake Island Will K. Reeves USAF School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM/PHR) 2947 5th Street, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7913 Curtis M. Utter US Army, PHCR-Pacific, Unit 45006, MCHB-AJ-TLD, APO, AP 96454 Lance Durden Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8042, U.S.A. Abstract—Modern surveys of ectoparasites and potential vector-borne pathogens in the Republic of the Marshall Islands and Wake Island are poorly documented. We report on field surveys of ectoparasites from 2010 with collections from dogs, cats, and rats. Five ectoparasites were identified: the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis, a sucking louse Hoplopleura pacifica, the mites Laelaps nuttalli and Radfordia ensifera, and the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Ectoparasites were screened for rick- ettsial pathogens. DNA from Anaplasma platys, a Coxiella symbiont of Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and a Rickettsia sp. were identified by PCR and DNA sequencing from ticks and fleas on Kwajalein Atoll. An uniden- tified spotted fever group Rickettsia was detected in a pool of Laelaps nuttalli and Hoplopleura pacifica from Wake Island. The records of Hoplopleura pacifica, Laelaps nuttalli, and Radfordia ensifera and the pathogens are new for Kwajalein Atoll and Wake Island. Introduction Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands houses the U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll/Regan Test Site, which is inhabited by over 1,000 civilians, con- tractors, active duty military personnel and their families. Kwajalein Atoll has been occupied by the US military since 1944. -
Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Latreille (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae)1 Yuexun Tian, Cynthia C
EENY-221 Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae)1 Yuexun Tian, Cynthia C. Lord, and Phillip E. Kaufman2 Introduction and already-infested residences. The infestation can reach high levels, seemingly very quickly. However, the early The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille, has stages of the infestation, when only a few individuals are been found around the world. Many tick species can be present, are often missed completely. The first indication carried indoors on animals, but most cannot complete their the dog owner has that there is a problem is when they start entire life cycle indoors. The brown dog tick is unusual noticing ticks crawling up the walls or on curtains. among ticks, in that it can complete its entire life cycle both indoors and outdoors. Because of this, brown dog tick infestations can develop in dog kennels and residences, as well as establish populations in colder climates (Dantas- Torres 2008). Although brown dog ticks will feed on a wide variety of mammals, dogs are the preferred host in the United States and appear to be a necessary condition for maintaining a large tick populations (Dantas-Torres 2008). Brown dog tick management is important as they are a vector of several pathogens that cause canine and human diseases. Brown dog tick populations can be managed with habitat modification and pesticide applications. The taxonomy of the brown dog tick is currently under review Figure 1. Life stages of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and ultimately it may be determined that there are more Latreille. Clockwise from bottom right: engorged larva, engorged than one species causing residential infestations world-wide nymph, female, and male. -
Testing Local-Scale Panmixia Provides Insights Into the Cryptic Ecology, Evolution, and Epidemiology of Metazoan Animal Parasites
981 REVIEW ARTICLE Testing local-scale panmixia provides insights into the cryptic ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of metazoan animal parasites MARY J. GORTON†,EMILYL.KASL†, JILLIAN T. DETWILER† and CHARLES D. CRISCIONE* Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA (Received 14 December 2011; revised 15 February 2012; accepted 16 February 2012; first published online 4 April 2012) SUMMARY When every individual has an equal chance of mating with other individuals, the population is classified as panmictic. Amongst metazoan parasites of animals, local-scale panmixia can be disrupted due to not only non-random mating, but also non-random transmission among individual hosts of a single host population or non-random transmission among sympatric host species. Population genetics theory and analyses can be used to test the null hypothesis of panmixia and thus, allow one to draw inferences about parasite population dynamics that are difficult to observe directly. We provide an outline that addresses 3 tiered questions when testing parasite panmixia on local scales: is there greater than 1 parasite population/ species, is there genetic subdivision amongst infrapopulations within a host population, and is there asexual reproduction or a non-random mating system? In this review, we highlight the evolutionary significance of non-panmixia on local scales and the genetic patterns that have been used to identify the different factors that may cause or explain deviations from panmixia on a local scale. We also discuss how tests of local-scale panmixia can provide a means to infer parasite population dynamics and epidemiology of medically relevant parasites. -
RNA Viruses of Amblyomma Variegatum and Rhipicephalus Microplus and Cattle Susceptibility in the French Antilles
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 12 December 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0172.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Viruses 2020, 12, 144; doi:10.3390/v12020144 Article RNA viruses of Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus and cattle susceptibility in the French Antilles Mathilde Gondard 1,2,#, Sarah Temmam 3,#, Elodie Devillers 1, Valérie Pinarello 2,4, Thomas Bigot 3,5, Delphine Chrétien 3, Rosalie Aprelon 2,4, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat 1, Emmanuel Albina 2,4, Marc Eloit 3,6* and Sara Moutailler 1* 1 UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 3 Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France; [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] 4 ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 5 Institut Pasteur – Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub – Computational Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France. 6 National Veterinary School of Alfort, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Cedex, France. [email protected] # These authors contributed equally. * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33 1 49 77 46 50; [email protected]; Tel.: +33 1 44 38 92 16 Abstract: Ticks transmit a wide variety of pathogens including bacteria, parasites and viruses. -
Experimental Infection of Calves with Transfected Attenuated Babesia
pathogens Article Experimental Infection of Calves with Transfected Attenuated Babesia bovis Expressing the Rhipicephalus microplus Bm86 Antigen and eGFP Marker: Preliminary Studies towards a Dual Anti-Tick/Babesia Vaccine Monica L. Mazuz 1,*,†, Jacob M. Laughery 2,†, Benjamin Lebovitz 1, Daniel Yasur-Landau 1, Assael Rot 1, Reginaldo G. Bastos 2, Nir Edery 3, Ludmila Fleiderovitz 1, Maayan Margalit Levi 1 and Carlos E. Suarez 2,4,* 1 Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O.B. 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; [email protected] (B.L.); [email protected] (D.Y.-L.); [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (L.F.); [email protected] (M.M.L.) 2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA; [email protected] (J.M.L.); [email protected] (R.G.B.) 3 Division of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O.B. 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; [email protected] 4 Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, WSU, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.L.M.); [email protected] (C.E.S.); Tel.: +972-3-968-1690 (M.L.M.); Tel.: +1-509-335-6341 (C.E.S.) † These authors contribute equally to this work. Citation: Mazuz, M.L.; Laughery, Abstract: Bovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, is a major tick-borne disease of J.M.; Lebovitz, B.; Yasur-Landau, D.; cattle with global economic impact. The disease can be prevented using integrated control measures Rot, A.; Bastos, R.G.; Edery, N.; including attenuated Babesia vaccines, babesicidal drugs, and tick control approaches.