IBM US Nuke-Lab Beast 'Sequoia' Is Top of the Flops (Petaflops, That Is) | Insidehpc.Com
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Project Glossary Document # 17100-1.02
Multi-Modal Traveler Information System Project Glossary Document # 17100-1.02 Prepared by: De Leuw, Cather & Company Issue Date: November 4, 1997 GCM ITS Priority Corridor Multi-Modal Traveler Information System November 4, 1997 MULTI-MODAL TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEM SYSTEM GLOSSARY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 1-1 2 DEFINITIONS .......................................................... 2-1 3 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...................................... 3-1 Document # 17100-1.02 i Project Glossary GCM ITS Priority Corridor Multi-Modal Traveler Information System November 4, 1997 MULTI-MODAL TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEM SYSTEM (MMTIS) GLOSSARY 1 INTRODUCTION This report provides definitions for words or acronyms that are used in the ITS, transportation and communication industries and throughout the MMTIS documentation (listed below): • Document #17150 - Gateway TIS System Definition Document • Document #17200 - GCM Corridor Architecture Functional Requirements • Document #17250 - Gateway Functional Requirements • Document #17300 - GCM Corridor Architecture Interface Control Requirements • Document #17350 - Gateway Interface Control Requirements • Working Paper #18250 - Cellular 911 - State of the Practice • Working Paper #18380 - GCM Corridor User Needs and Data Exchange Elements • Working Paper #18400 - Current and Proposed ITS Initiatives • Working Paper #18500 - GCM MMTIS Strategic Plan • Working Paper #18520 - Performance Criteria for Evaluating GCM Corridor Strategies -
AIX Commands Reference Vol.2 Dadmin to Hyphen
Bull AIX Commands Reference Vol.2 dadmin to hyphen AIX ORDER REFERENCE 86 A2 39JX 02 Bull AIX Commands Reference Vol.2 dadmin to hyphen AIX Software April 2000 BULL ELECTRONICS ANGERS CEDOC 34 Rue du Nid de Pie – BP 428 49004 ANGERS CEDEX 01 FRANCE ORDER REFERENCE 86 A2 39JX 02 The following copyright notice protects this book under the Copyright laws of the United States of America and other countries which prohibit such actions as, but not limited to, copying, distributing, modifying, and making derivative works. Copyright Bull S.A. 1992, 2000 Printed in France Suggestions and criticisms concerning the form, content, and presentation of this book are invited. A form is provided at the end of this book for this purpose. To order additional copies of this book or other Bull Technical Publications, you are invited to use the Ordering Form also provided at the end of this book. Trademarks and Acknowledgements We acknowledge the right of proprietors of trademarks mentioned in this book. R AIX is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, and is being used under licence. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States of America and other countries licensed exclusively through the Open Group. Year 2000 The product documented in this manual is Year 2000 Ready. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Groupe Bull will not be liable for errors contained herein, or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the use of this material. Commands Reference, Volume 2 Table -
Lessons Learned in Deploying the World's Largest Scale Lustre File
Lessons Learned in Deploying the World’s Largest Scale Lustre File System Galen M. Shipman, David A. Dillow, Sarp Oral, Feiyi Wang, Douglas Fuller, Jason Hill, Zhe Zhang Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA fgshipman,dillowda,oralhs,fwang2,fullerdj,hilljj,[email protected] Abstract 1 Introduction The Spider system at the Oak Ridge National Labo- The Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility ratory’s Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) is the (OLCF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) world’s largest scale Lustre parallel file system. Envi- hosts the world’s most powerful supercomputer, sioned as a shared parallel file system capable of de- Jaguar [2, 14, 7], a 2.332 Petaflop/s Cray XT5 [5]. livering both the bandwidth and capacity requirements OLCF also hosts an array of other computational re- of the OLCF’s diverse computational environment, the sources such as a 263 Teraflop/s Cray XT4 [1], visual- project had a number of ambitious goals. To support the ization, and application development platforms. Each of workloads of the OLCF’s diverse computational plat- these systems requires a reliable, high-performance and forms, the aggregate performance and storage capacity scalable file system for data storage. of Spider exceed that of our previously deployed systems Parallel file systems on leadership-class systems have by a factor of 6x - 240 GB/sec, and 17x - 10 Petabytes, traditionally been tightly coupled to single simulation respectively. Furthermore, Spider supports over 26,000 platforms. This approach had resulted in the deploy- clients concurrently accessing the file system, which ex- ment of a dedicated file system for each computational ceeds our previously deployed systems by nearly 4x. -
Titan: a New Leadership Computer for Science
Titan: A New Leadership Computer for Science Presented to: DOE Advanced Scientific Computing Advisory Committee November 1, 2011 Arthur S. Bland OLCF Project Director Office of Science Statement of Mission Need • Increase the computational resources of the Leadership Computing Facilities by 20-40 petaflops • INCITE program is oversubscribed • Programmatic requirements for leadership computing continue to grow • Needed to avoid an unacceptable gap between the needs of the science programs and the available resources • Approved: Raymond Orbach January 9, 2009 • The OLCF-3 project comes out of this requirement 2 ASCAC – Nov. 1, 2011 Arthur Bland INCITE is 2.5 to 3.5 times oversubscribed 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 3 ASCAC – Nov. 1, 2011 Arthur Bland What is OLCF-3 • The next phase of the Leadership Computing Facility program at ORNL • An upgrade of Jaguar from 2.3 Petaflops (peak) today to between 10 and 20 PF by the end of 2012 with operations in 2013 • Built with Cray’s newest XK6 compute blades • When completed, the new system will be called Titan 4 ASCAC – Nov. 1, 2011 Arthur Bland Cray XK6 Compute Node XK6 Compute Node Characteristics AMD Opteron 6200 “Interlagos” 16 core processor @ 2.2GHz Tesla M2090 “Fermi” @ 665 GF with 6GB GDDR5 memory Host Memory 32GB 1600 MHz DDR3 Gemini High Speed Interconnect Upgradeable to NVIDIA’s next generation “Kepler” processor in 2012 Four compute nodes per XK6 blade. 24 blades per rack 5 ASCAC – Nov. 1, 2011 Arthur Bland ORNL’s “Titan” System • Upgrade of existing Jaguar Cray XT5 • Cray Linux Environment -
Musings RIK FARROWOPINION
Musings RIK FARROWOPINION Rik is the editor of ;login:. While preparing this issue of ;login:, I found myself falling down a rabbit hole, like [email protected] Alice in Wonderland . And when I hit bottom, all I could do was look around and puzzle about what I discovered there . My adventures started with a casual com- ment, made by an ex-Cray Research employee, about the design of current super- computers . He told me that today’s supercomputers cannot perform some of the tasks that they are designed for, and used weather forecasting as his example . I was stunned . Could this be true? Or was I just being dragged down some fictional rabbit hole? I decided to learn more about supercomputer history . Supercomputers It is humbling to learn about the early history of computer design . Things we take for granted, such as pipelining instructions and vector processing, were impor- tant inventions in the 1970s . The first supercomputers were built from discrete components—that is, transistors soldered to circuit boards—and had clock speeds in the tens of nanoseconds . To put that in real terms, the Control Data Corpora- tion’s (CDC) 7600 had a clock cycle of 27 .5 ns, or in today’s terms, 36 4. MHz . This was CDC’s second supercomputer (the 6600 was first), but included instruction pipelining, an invention of Seymour Cray . The CDC 7600 peaked at 36 MFLOPS, but generally got 10 MFLOPS with carefully tuned code . The other cool thing about the CDC 7600 was that it broke down at least once a day . -
PC Watch Monthly Newsletter
Perspectives PC Watch Monthly Newsletter PC Watch provides an invaluable source of information on European PC Production and related issues. This Neiusletter brings together the combined intelligence of the Worldwide Electronics Applications Group and the Worldwide Personal Computer Group. Packard Bell Acquires Zenith Data Systems Page 1 Intel Introduces Fourth Generation Pentium Chip Sets Page 2 Memory Developments in the PC Market Page 3 Intel's Motherboard Operation's Semiconductor TAM Page 5 Dell Computer Corporation—Channels and Manufacturing Page 7 Packard Bell Acquires Zenith Data Systems Packard Bell, Groupe Bull and NEC have reached an agreement that gives Packard Bell control of the Bull subsidiary. Zenith Data Systems (ZDS). Under the agreement, NEC will contribute $283 million in new investment alongside Bull's transfer of ZDS, which is valued at $367 milUon. Groupe Bull and NEC will receive convertible preference shares in the combined organization, giv ing each 19.9 percent of the new company, just below the 20 percent level at which they would have to consolidate the new company's results in their own figures. Dataquest estimates that Packard Bell was the world's fourth-largest PC maker in 1995 and the second-largest behind Compaq in the United States. ZDS was the thirteenth-largest PC vendor in the world and fourteenth in the United States. Combining their shipments would still leave Packard Bell fourth in the world. It would, however, become the largest PC vendor in the United States. In Europe Packard Bell was seventh and ZDS was thirteenth. Combining the two w^ould result in them rising to fourth position after Compaq, IBM and Apple. -
Jaguar Supercomputer
Jaguar Supercomputer Jake Baskin '10, Jānis Lībeks '10 Jan 27, 2010 What is it? Currently the fastest supercomputer in the world, at up to 2.33 PFLOPS, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Leader in "petascale scientific supercomputing". Uses Massively parallel simulations. Modeling: Climate Supernovas Volcanoes Cellulose http://www.nccs.gov/wp- content/themes/nightfall/img/jaguarXT5/gallery/jaguar-1.jpg Overview Processor Specifics Network Architecture Programming Models NCCS networking Spider file system Scalability The guts 84 XT4 and 200 XT5 cabinets XT5 18688 compute nodes 256 service and i/o nodes XT4 7832 compute nodes 116 service and i/o nodes (XT5) Compute Nodes 2 Opteron 2435 Istanbul (6 core) processors per node 64K L1 instruction cache 65K L1 data cache per core 512KB L2 cache per core 6MB L3 cache per processor (shared) 8GB of DDR2-800 RAM directly attached to each processor by integrated memory controller. http://www.cray.com/Assets/PDF/products/xt/CrayXT5Brochure.pdf How are they organized? 3-D Torus topology XT5 and XT4 segments are connected by an InfiniBand DDR network 889 GB/sec bisectional bandwidth http://www.cray.com/Assets/PDF/products/xt/CrayXT5Brochure.pdf Programming Models Jaguar supports these programming models: MPI (Message Passing Interface) OpenMP (Open Multi Processing) SHMEM (SHared MEMory access library) PGAS (Partitioned global address space) NCCS networking Jaguar usually performs computations on large datasets. These datasets have to be transferred to ORNL. Jaguar is connected to ESnet (Energy Sciences Network, scientific institutions) and Internet2 (higher education institutions). ORNL owns its own optical network that allows 10Gb/s to various locations around the US. -
Operating RISC: UNIX Standards in the 1990S
Operating RISC: UNIX Standards in the 1990s This case was written by Will Mitchell and Paul Kritikos at the University of Michigan. The case is based on public sources. Some figures are based on case-writers' estimates. We appreciate comments from David Girouard, Robert E. Thomas and Michael Wolff. The note "Product Standards and Competitive Advantage" (Mitchell 1992) supplements this case. The latest International Computerquest Corporation analysis of the market for UNIX- based computers landed on three desks on the same morning. Noel Sharp, founder, chief executive officer, chief engineer and chief bottle washer for the Superbly Quick Architecture Workstation Company (SQAWC) in Mountain View, California hoped to see strong growth predicted for the market for systems designed to help architects improve their designs. In New York, Bo Thomas, senior strategist for the UNIX systems division of A Big Computer Company (ABCC), hoped that general commercial markets for UNIX-based computer systems would show strong growth, but feared that the company's traditional mainframe and mini-computer sales would suffer as a result. Airborne in the middle of the Atlantic, Jean-Helmut Morini-Stokes, senior engineer for the UNIX division of European Electronic National Industry (EENI), immediately looked to see if European companies would finally have an impact on the American market for UNIX-based systems. After looking for analysis concerning their own companies, all three managers checked the outlook for the alliances competing to establish a UNIX operating system standard. Although their companies were alike only in being fictional, the three managers faced the same product standards issues. How could they hasten the adoption of a UNIX standard? The market simply would not grow until computer buyers and application software developers could count on operating system stability. -
IBM Highlights, 1996-1999
IBM HIGHLIGHTS, 1996 - 1999 Year Page(s) 1996 2 - 7 1997 7 - 13 1998 13- 21 1999 21 - 26 November 2004 1406HE05 2 1996 Business Performance IBM revenue reaches $75.94 billion, an increase of six percent over 1995, and earnings grow by nearly 30 percent to $5.42 billion. There are 240,615 employees and 622,594 stockholders at year end. Speaking in Atlanta to a group of shareholders, analysts and reporters at the corporation’s annual meeting, IBM chairman Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., discusses IBM’s condition, prospects for growth and the importance of network computing to the company’s future. IBM reaches agreement with the United States Department of Justice to terminate within five years all remaining provisions of the Consent Decree first entered into by IBM and the U.S. government in 1956. Organization IBM forms the Network Computer Division in November. The company says it will operate its worldwide services business under a single brand: IBM Global Services. IBM puts its industry-specific business units on a single global general manager. IBM and Tivoli Systems Inc. enter a merger agreement. Tivoli is a leading provider of systems management software and services for distributed client/server networks of personal computers and workstations. IBM’s acquisition of Tivoli extends the company’s strength in host-based systems management to multiplatform distributed systems. IBM and Edmark Corporation, a developer and publisher of consumer and education software, complete a merger in December. IBM acquires The Wilkerson Group, one of the world’s oldest and largest consulting firms dedicated to the pharmaceutical and medical products industry. -
Alerte Internet Sous Surveillance
Décembre 2011 Alerte : internet sous surveillance ! État des lieux, exportations et contrôle démocratique des outils de surveillance de l’Internet Le « Deep Packet Inspection », exportations d’un savoir-faire français Table ronde du mercredi 14 décembre 2011 à l’Assemblée Nationale à l’initiative et invitation de monsieur le député Christian Paul. Compte rendu textuel non officiel de l’enregistrement sonore agrémenté de liens référents et d’annexes pour comprendre des enjeux discutés. Document finalisé le 31 décembre 2011. Mis à disposition sous licence Creative Commons. Table ronde – Etat des lieux, exportations et contrôle démocratique des outils de surveillance de 2 l’Internet. Table ronde – Etat des lieux, exportations et contrôle démocratique des outils de surveillance de 3 l’Internet. Observations des rédacteurs Cette transcription réalisée -initialement par Lpenet, Patchidem et Seb, puis corrigée, sourcée et mise en forme par des lecteurs de Reflets.info comme Mi0 et d’autre volontaires- à partir du document sonore n’est en rien officielle et ne peut se prévaloir comme telle. Réalisée par des amateurs, dans un outil de traitement de texte grand public, elle peut ne pas observer les règles typographiques en vigueur. Les propos des différents intervenants ont été dans la mesure du possible le plus fidèlement rapportés aux dépens parfois de règles syntaxiques et orthographiques afin de ne pas perdre la spontanéité des échanges et débats. Seules, quand la compréhension des propos l’exigeait, des formules ont été arrangées (syntaxe, ponctuation, répétitions) afin de ne pas perdre en clarté. Certains propos n’ont pu être attribués à un intervenant particulier, faute de savoir qui parlait lors des échanges ; ces derniers sont identifiés comme « intervenant non reconnu ». -
AIX 4.3 Quick Beginnings
Bull AIX 4.3 Quick Beginnings AIX ORDER REFERENCE 86 A2 75HX 04 Bull AIX 4.3 Quick Beginnings AIX Software September 1999 BULL ELECTRONICS ANGERS CEDOC 34 Rue du Nid de Pie – BP 428 49004 ANGERS CEDEX 01 FRANCE ORDER REFERENCE 86 A2 75HX 04 The following copyright notice protects this book under the Copyright laws of the United States of America and other countries which prohibit such actions as, but not limited to, copying, distributing, modifying, and making derivative works. Copyright Bull S.A. 1992, 1999 Printed in France Suggestions and criticisms concerning the form, content, and presentation of this book are invited. A form is provided at the end of this book for this purpose. To order additional copies of this book or other Bull Technical Publications, you are invited to use the Ordering Form also provided at the end of this book. Trademarks and Acknowledgements We acknowledge the right of proprietors of trademarks mentioned in this book. AIXR is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, and is being used under licence. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States of America and other countries licensed exclusively through the Open Group. Year 2000 The product documented in this manual is Year 2000 Ready. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Groupe Bull will not be liable for errors contained herein, or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the use of this material. About This Book: AIX 4.3 Quick Beginnings This book contains information for first–time users who have little or no experience with the AIX operating system. -
AIX 4.3 System Management Guide Communications and Networks
Bull AIX 4.3 System Management Guide Communications and Networks AIX ORDER REFERENCE 86 A2 31JX 02 Bull AIX 4.3 System Management Guide Communications and Networks AIX Software October 1999 BULL ELECTRONICS ANGERS CEDOC 34 Rue du Nid de Pie – BP 428 49004 ANGERS CEDEX 01 FRANCE ORDER REFERENCE 86 A2 31JX 02 The following copyright notice protects this book under the Copyright laws of the United States of America and other countries which prohibit such actions as, but not limited to, copying, distributing, modifying, and making derivative works. Copyright Bull S.A. 1992, 1999 Printed in France Suggestions and criticisms concerning the form, content, and presentation of this book are invited. A form is provided at the end of this book for this purpose. To order additional copies of this book or other Bull Technical Publications, you are invited to use the Ordering Form also provided at the end of this book. Trademarks and Acknowledgements We acknowledge the right of proprietors of trademarks mentioned in this book. AIXR is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, and is being used under licence. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States of America and other countries licensed exclusively through the Open Group. Year 2000 The product documented in this manual is Year 2000 Ready. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Groupe Bull will not be liable for errors contained herein, or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the use of this material. About This Book This book is for AIX system administrators who maintain the system’s network connections.