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Housing in the Irish Countryside

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Housing in the Irish Countryside Contested Ruralities: Housing in the Irish countryside Karen Keaveney, BA, MRUP Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of PhD Department of Geography Faculty of Social Sciences National University of Ireland, Maynooth Head of Department: Prof. Mark Boyle Supervisors: Prof. Patrick J. Duffy Prof. James A. Walsh September 2009 Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... i Abstract ........................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... vii List of Maps ................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables ................................................................................................................ xi List of Figures .............................................................................................................. xii Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 1 1.0 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 RATIONALE FOR THE RESEARCH ................................................................................. 2 1.1.1 The Rural Housing Debate ......................................................................... 3 1.1.2 Housing in Ireland ...................................................................................... 9 1.1.3 The Data Deficit........................................................................................ 10 1.1.4 Contribution to Rural Geography Literature .............................................. 11 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................... 12 1.2.1 The Geography of Rural Housing in Ireland .............................................. 12 1.2.2 Rural Decision-Making: Processes and Policy .......................................... 13 1.2.3 The Dynamics of Living in the Countryside ............................................... 14 1.2.4 Summary Remarks ................................................................................... 14 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS ...................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 2: CONTEXTUALISING RURAL HOUSING IN IRELAND .... 17 2.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 17 2.1 THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Discourses of Rurality............................................................................... 19 2.1.2 Rural Change ........................................................................................... 26 2.1.3 Dynamics of Living in the Countryside ...................................................... 28 2.1.4 The Contested Countryside ...................................................................... 30 2.1.5 Planning and the Changing Countryside .................................................. 32 2.1.6 Summary Remarks ................................................................................... 37 2.2 URBAN-RURAL LINKAGES ......................................................................................... 38 2.2.1 Rural Population ....................................................................................... 39 i 2.2.2 Population Distribution in Ireland .............................................................. 41 2.2.3 Rural Population in Ireland 1991 to 2002 .................................................. 42 2.2.4 Changing Households .............................................................................. 44 2.2.5 Population mobility ................................................................................... 48 2.2.6 Rural Housing Pressure ........................................................................... 49 2.2.7 Summary Remarks ................................................................................... 51 2.3 THE RURAL AS RESIDENCE........................................................................................ 52 2.3.1 Rural Space ............................................................................................. 53 2.3.2 The Role of the State................................................................................ 54 2.3.3 Contemporary Rural Governance ............................................................. 58 2.3.4 Planning for New Housing Pressures ....................................................... 60 2.3.5 Summary Remarks ................................................................................... 63 2.4 SPATIAL PLANNING .................................................................................................. 64 2.4.1 The Origins of Planning in Ireland ............................................................ 65 2.4.2 Ireland’s Planning Regime ........................................................................ 67 2.4.3 Outcomes of the Irish Planning Regime ................................................... 69 2.4.4 From Land Use Planning to Spatial Planning? ......................................... 70 2.4.5 Summary Remarks ................................................................................... 72 2.5 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 73 CHAPTER 3: DATA SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY ........................ 75 3.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 75 3.1 A METHODOLOGY FOR INVESTIGATING CONTESTATION IN THE COUNTRYSIDE .............. 75 3.2 DATA SOURCES ....................................................................................................... 79 3.2.1 Census of Population 2002 ...................................................................... 79 3.2.2 Unpublished Census Data ........................................................................ 80 3.2.3 County Development Plan Analysis .......................................................... 82 3.2.4 Place of Work Sample of Anonymised Records (POWSAR)..................... 83 3.2.5 Questionnaire Survey ............................................................................... 84 3.3 MAPPING THE DATA .................................................................................................. 87 3.3.1 Spatial Units ............................................................................................. 87 3.3.2 Mapping the Data ..................................................................................... 90 3.4 THE CASE STUDY AREAS .......................................................................................... 91 ii 3.4.1 The Case Study Method ........................................................................... 92 3.4.2 Selection of the Case Study Areas ........................................................... 92 3.4.3 Case Study Area Profile – North Leitrim ................................................... 94 3.4.4 Case Study Area Profile – South Meath ................................................... 95 3.4.5 Case Study Area Profile – Clew Bay area ................................................ 96 3.5 SUMMARY REMARKS ................................................................................................ 98 CHAPTER 4: THE GEOGRAPHY OF RURAL HOUSING ...................... 99 4.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 99 4.1 SINGLE RURAL DWELLINGS .................................................................................... 101 4.1.1 Single Rural Dwellings: Period of Construction ....................................... 103 4.1.2 Single Rural Dwellings: Density per square kilometre ............................. 112 4.1.3 Summary Remarks ................................................................................. 126 4.2 RURAL HOUSING CHANGE ...................................................................................... 127 4.2.1 Tenure .................................................................................................... 127 4.2.2 Socio-Economic Groups Living in Rural Households .............................. 142 4.2.3 House Size ............................................................................................. 154 4.2.4 Vacancy ................................................................................................. 164 4.3 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................ 173 CHAPTER 5: PLANNING FOR RURAL SETTLEMENT ....................... 178 5.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 178 5.1 INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT FOR RURAL PLANNING IN IRELAND ................................... 180 5.1.1 Rural Policy ...........................................................................................
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