DOCSLIB.ORG

Civil–Military Cooperation in the Early Response to the COVID-19

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Civil–Military Cooperation in the Early Response to the COVID-19 Original research BMJ Mil Health: first published as 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001721 on 30 March 2021. Downloaded from Civil–military cooperation in the early response to the COVID-19 pandemic in six European countries Mohamed Gad ,1 J Kazibwe,1 E Quirk,2 A Gheorghe,1 Z Homan,3 M Bricknell 4 ► Additional material is ABSTRACT Key messages published online only. To view Background The COVID-19 pandemic has presented please visit the journal online many countries with significant health system and (http:// dx. doi. org/ 10. 1136/ This paper analyses the role of armed forces in economic challenges. The role of civil–military cooperation ► bmjmilitary- 2020- 001721). response to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on in a health crisis of the magnitude presented by COVID-19 1Global Health and case studies of six European countries. remains virtually unexplored. This review aims to detect Development (GHD) Group, We identified 19 distinct categories of and identify typologies, if any, of associations between ► Department of Infectious civil–military cooperation across seven main Disease Epidemiology, MRC security or military systems and the national response analytical themes. Centre for Global Infectious measures during the COVID-19, as adopted by six Euro- Results from Italy and Spain showed the Disease Analysis; and the Abdul pean countries during the early phase of the outbreak ► Latif Jameel Institute for Disease highest range and frequency of civil–military (January to March 2020). and Emergency Analytics (J- cooperation categories. IDEA), School of Public Health, Methods We designed a structured qualitative liter- Sweden showed the lowest range and Imperial College London, ature review (qualitative evidence synthesis), primarily ► frequency of civil–military cooperation London, UK targeting open- source grey literature using a customised 2Faculty of Medicine, Imperial categories. Google web search. Our target countries were UK, France, College London, London, UK ► The COVID-19 crisis has shown that the armed 3 Spain, Italy, Belgium and Sweden. We employed a ’best Centre for Science & Security forces and military medical services should Studies, Department of War fit’ framework synthesis approach in qualitative analysis be considered as key components of national Studies, King’s College London, of the result records. London, UK resilience. Results A total of 277 result records were included 4Conflict and Health Research Group, King’s College London– in our qualitative synthesis, with an overall search rele- Strand Campus, London, UK vance yield of 46%. We identified 19 distinct descriptive copyright. categories of civil–military cooperation extending across In some countries, the response to the outbreak Correspondence to seven analytical themes. Most prominent themes included during the spring of 2020 was believed to alleviate Dr Mohamed Gad, Global how military support was incorporated in the national part of this strain, especially on healthcare services. Health and Development (GHD) COVID-19 response, including support to national health However, the displacement effect of common lock- Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC systems, military repatriation and evacuation, and support down measures has left the global economy desta- Centre for Global Infectious to wider public systems. bilised. Baseline economic forecast from the World Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Conclusion Findings of this review show the significance Bank envisions a 5.2% contraction in global gross Latif Jameel Institute for Disease of military systems in supporting an expansive response domestic product throughout 2020, with many http://militaryhealth.bmj.com/ and Emergency Analytics (J- IDEA), School of Public Health, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and our proposed meth- countries already being pulled into economic reces- 6 Imperial College London, odological approach for capturing military health data in sions. As countries navigate their way through this London, W2 1PG, UK; m. gad@ a reproducible manner and providing a comparative view global health crisis, the expectation is that the global imperial. ac. uk on common types of interventions provided by civil–mili- response to COVID-19 may benefit from stronger tary cooperation to inform lessons from the use of military coordination and information sharing, both across Received 16 November 2020 7 Revised 2 February 2021 capacities during current COVID-19 outbreak. geographies and disciplines. Accepted 9 February 2021 In Europe, national decision- makers sought to engage with various domestic and regional stake- holders to respond to the threats posed by the INTRODUCTION outbreak. Policy responses have extended beyond on September 28, 2021 by guest. Protected The topic of civil–military relations during public health interventions.8 Notable examples include the health emergencies has tended to focus on the private sector scaling up manufacturing of personal relationship between international armed forces protective equipment and ventilators9; and the (including military medical services) and human- military or security sector support to healthcare itarian actors on overseas intervention opera- interventions and implementation of national © Author(s) (or their tions.1 While there has been increased emphasis COVID-19 measures such as enforcing lockdowns employer(s)) 2021. Re- use on the importance of national resilience and civil and maintaining public order.10–13 This coopera- permitted under CC BY- NC. No preparedness as a component of national security, tion was also evident across countries in the form commercial re- use. See rights and permissions. Published this has been perceived to be a civilian responsibility of international aid relief, regional fiscal policies 2 by BMJ. with military support as a last resort. and mutual assistance to deployment of front-line The COVID-19 pandemic has presented many healthcare resources. Such multisectoral coopera- To cite: Gad M, Kazibwe J, countries with significant challenges and extensive tion allowed governments to provide a rapid and Quirk E, et al. BMJ Mil Health 14 Epub ahead of print: [please system- wide effects across their society. Both public extensive response to meet urgent system needs. include Day Month Year]. and private health sectors seemed to have been Putting aside issues of COVID-19, the role of doi:10.1136/ overwhelmed, especially in countries worse hit by military health systems in contributing to popula- bmjmilitary-2020-001721 the virus or in resource- constrained settings.3–5 tion health and the domestic health policy tends Gad M, et al. BMJ Mil Health 2021;0:1–10. doi:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001721 1 Original research BMJ Mil Health: first published as 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001721 on 30 March 2021. Downloaded from to be poorly understood.15 It is often viewed as a distinct Godin et al27 highlight some inherent limitations in using entity from the civilian health system, though the armed forces Google search algorithms for literature review. These were miti- and wider security services could play a greater role in global gated by taking measures to standardise our method for easier health and national public health.16 17 The ALMANAC Mili- multiresearcher reproducibility of results and by a review of tary Medical Corps Worldwide collates some data on military a sample of each of the search results by a second reviewer to health systems; however, the depth and quality of the informa- minimise selection bias. A standard ‘step- by- step search instruc- tion is insufficient for international comparisons.18 With the tions protocol’ was developed and consistently used. This exception of complex emergencies linked to humanitarianism included using Google search by a generic access point (non- user and peace-keeping efforts, it is often neglected from main- defined), setting search language to native language of respective stream global conceptualisations such as United Nations devel- country, following exact order of insertion of search terms and opment system or WHO health system building blocks.19 20 adjusting search settings in Google search to display results by Nevertheless, in many countries, the security or military health respective local geographical regions. More information on the system is substantive. This is true across many domains such as search strategy is available in online supplemental material. budget, size (number of facilities, staff), throughput (number of We carried out two preparatory search rounds on eight coun- patients, population served) and endowment (higher than usual tries on 21 April 2020. These rounds enabled us to design our availability of high- performance diagnostic and therapeutic study by testing various search techniques and consequently equipment, medicines and consumables).21 The research that developing a search strategy suitable for our study objectives. has been done on the Ebola outbreak in West Africa (2014– This included refining the search criteria, time horizon, search 2016) emphasised the importance of military support in health language and target countries. provision to national population during epidemics. However, it is suggested that whatever cooperation occurred at the peak Target countries of the outbreak may have not been taken forward, in spite of Six European countries emerged as suitable candidates during 22–25 the increased profile of the global health security agenda. our preparatory search rounds. These were the UK, France, As a result, the nature of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Report of the Global Travel Taskforce: the Safe Return of International Travel
    Report of the Global Travel Taskforce The Safe Return of International Travel Presented to the Prime Minister by the Secretary of State for Transport April 2021 Department for Transport Great Minster House 33 Horseferry Road London SW1P 4DR © Crown copyright 2021 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3. The National Archives at www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/contact-us. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is also available on our website at www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport Contents Foreword: Statement from the Secretary of State for Transport 2 1 Executive summary 4 Recommendations 5 2 The safe return of international travel 7 3 A risk-based approach to reopening international travel 9 Towards a risk-based framework 9 A risk-based approach 9 Health measures for arrivals 10 Checkpoints and transition to future travel 11 Restart of the cruise sector 12 4 Readiness for international travel restart 13 Border readiness 13 Safety 13 5 Consumer clarity and confidence 15 Communications and confidence 15 Consumer protections 16 6 Transition to future travel 17 Working together towards common global standards 17 Travel certification 18 1 Report of the Global Travel Taskforce – The Safe Return of International Travel Foreword In February, the Prime Minister asked me to develop the framework for a safe and sustainable return to non-essential international travel when the time is right.
    [Show full text]
  • Covid-19 INNOVA Testing in Schools: Don’T Just Test, Evaluate
    Covid-19 INNOVA testing in schools: don’t just test, evaluate Using testing to manage classroom outbreaks, without isolating close contacts, risks increasing disease spread, say these authors Everybody wants schools to reopen when it is safe to do so, but for pupils, teachers, and their communities to remain safe they must stay close to covid free. Last term, schools limited pupil mixing and activities, and isolated pupil groups at home once a covid-19 case was identified, although many struggled with the lack of clear guidance. This term the government is planning to rely on INNOVA rapid lateral flow tests to mass screen staff and pupils, and serial test close school-contacts of covid cases. [1] The proposed strategies were announced to schools on the last day of term before the Christmas break, providing no time for schools to scrutinise and discuss their scientific basis, or to organise how the lateral flow test policy will be delivered. Lockdown now provides an opportunity to do this, albeit some schools have already started using tests in keyworkers’ children who continue to attend. There are two different components to the government’s testing plan. The first, mass testing of staff and pupils on return and twice weekly thereafter, aims to detect individuals who have asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection. Using the test to identify infected individuals who successfully isolate and prevent onward transmission is a clearly good outcome. However, there are three questions to ask: first, whether other testing strategies could produce better outcomes; second, could the same or fewer resources be more effectively used in other ways to contain infection; and third, whether there are likely to be unintended consequences of testing which could counter any benefit.
    [Show full text]
  • Open PDF 502KB
    COR0251 Supplementary written evidence submitted by Kelley Lee, Julianne Piper and Benoit Gomis, Pandemics and Borders Project, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (COR0251) WHAT ARE YOUR MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE BORDER MANAGEMENT OVER THE NEXT 12 MONTHS? 1. The UK, and other countries with rising vaccination levels, are entering a challenging period in relation to border management. Increased vaccination means lower transmission and thus pressures to relax public health measures including increased travel domestically and abroad. At the same time, the volume of circulating virus globally, new variants continue to evolve, with those more transmissible and virulent, and/or vaccine-evasive VOC moving the goalposts on herd immunity. 2. Most disruptive would be if a partial-escape variant emerges, i.e., one able to infect a significant number of fully vaccinated people and cause severe disease. A recent study modelled different scenarios in Canada for vaccine coverage and efficacy. The most damaging, by far, was a partial-escape variant. COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths were predicted to be twice as high as the next most serious scenario.1 Even with 75% full vaccination of the total population (Canada’s present target for the end of the summer), a partial-escape variant could result in a fourth wave. Even at 90% full vaccination, the study showed a partial-escape variant would be disruptive. 3. Effective management of travel-related risks will thus be critical over next 12-18 months, particularly given slow progress on achieving global equity in access to vaccines. There are risks to the gains achieved from mass vaccination.
    [Show full text]
  • Countries Entry Instructions 1- MIDDLE EAST: No
    Countries entry instructions 1- MIDDLE EAST: No. Country Instructions & Restrictions 1 EGYPT Health Regulations to enter Egypt: Passengers should wear face masks during the flight. A Health Declaration form should be available on all the international flights and to be filled by the Passengers before boarding the flight (at the departure airport) and to be delivered to The Quarantine Authorities upon arrival. Airline must provide the Health Declaration form at the departure airports and insure that the passengers have filled and signed it before boarding the flight (on the international flights) Passengers travelling to Egypt should be screened at the airport of departure. Passengers who are suffering from a temperature (Equal / above) 38C or those who are suffering from one of the respiratory symptoms (cough / sneezing / shortness of breath …etc.) are not allowed to board the aircraft. Aircraft disinfection form should be delivered to The Quarantine Authorities upon arrival for the international flights. The disinfection of the Aircraft and the disinfection of aircraft air conditions filters should be done according to WHO guidelines and the aircraft manufacturer, Aircraft will not be allowed to take off again till obtaining a sanitary quarantine approval from the Egyptian Quarantine Authorities. In case of any of the respiratory symptoms appear on a passenger during the flight, all necessary precautions must be taken if possible by (separate the suspected passenger in an area far from the rest of the passengers / assign one of the cabin crew members to serve the sick passenger / provide a bathroom for the sick passenger only). Global Health insurance is no more mandatory.
    [Show full text]
  • 20200424-Covid 19-Part 5 Week 10-23
    List of Annexes Annex 1 China ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Annex 2 Taiwan .................................................................................................................................... 40 Annex 3 Japan ....................................................................................................................................... 62 Annex 4 South Korea ............................................................................................................................ 65 Annex 5 Italy ......................................................................................................................................... 77 Annex 6 Portugal ................................................................................................................................... 84 Annex 6 Spain ....................................................................................................................................... 91 Annex 8 Belgiun .................................................................................................................................. 103 Annex 9 Germany ............................................................................................................................... 108 Annex 10 The Netherlands .................................................................................................................. 114 Annex 11 France ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Report Wednesday, 18 November 2020 CONTENTS
    Daily Report Wednesday, 18 November 2020 This report shows written answers and statements provided on 18 November 2020 and the information is correct at the time of publication (06:49 P.M., 18 November 2020). For the latest information on written questions and answers, ministerial corrections, and written statements, please visit: http://www.parliament.uk/writtenanswers/ CONTENTS ANSWERS 5 Music: Coronavirus 13 BUSINESS, ENERGY AND Protective Clothing: INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY 5 Exemptions 13 Business: Coronavirus 5 DEFENCE 14 Climate Change 5 Armed Forces: Coronavirus 14 Electricity: Storage 6 DIGITAL, CULTURE, MEDIA AND Energy Supply 6 SPORT 14 Fireworks 7 Broadband 14 Fossil Fuels: Finance 7 Churches: Community Development 15 Green Homes Grant Scheme 7 Churches: Repairs and Green Homes Grant Scheme: Maintenance 15 Coronavirus 8 Coronavirus: Disease Control 16 Holiday Leave: Coronavirus 9 Entertainments: Churches 17 Hospitality Industry and Retail Sector Council 9 Gambling 17 Hospitality Industry and Internet: Training 17 Tourism: Coronavirus 10 Social Media: Epilepsy 18 Mortality Rates: Coronavirus 10 EDUCATION 18 OneWeb 11 Department for Education: Public Relations: Coronavirus 11 Data Protection 18 Tickets: Repayments 11 Primary Education: Literacy 18 Tidal Power and Wave Power 12 Schools: Coventry 19 CABINET OFFICE 12 Students: Housing 20 Cabinet Office: Contracts 12 ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS 23 Coronavirus 12 Cats: Tagging 23 Coronavirus: Death 13 Food Supply 23 Coronavirus: Wakefield 38 Sanitary Protection: Plastics 23 Coronavirus:
    [Show full text]
  • Put to the Test: Use of Rapid Testing Technologies for Covid-19 BMJ: First Published As 10.1136/Bmj.N208 on 3 February 2021
    ANALYSIS 1 Division of Biosciences, University Put to the test: use of rapid testing technologies for covid-19 BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.n208 on 3 February 2021. Downloaded from College London, London, UK Alex Crozier and colleagues look at how new technologies can be most appropriately used to 2 Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School support different testing strategies and examine the benefits and risks of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1 2 3 2, 4 London, UK Alex Crozier, Selina Rajan, Iain Buchan, Martin McKee 3 Institute of Population Health, Governments have invested enormous resources in processing, or reporting can give false results. Lateral University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK scaling up testing capacity in their responses to flow tests produce very few false positive results, and 4 European Observatory on Health covid-19. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase in a low prevalence setting these can be detected by 4 7 Systems and Policies, London, UK chain reaction (PCR) was the first, and still the most confirmatory PCR testing. False negative results Correspondence to: A Crozier widely used, test. However, several days can elapse are more concerning. Besides technical errors, they [email protected] between requesting a test and getting and acting on can arise in people tested during the 5-7 day Cite this as: BMJ 2021;372:n208 a result, leaving a window in which infection may incubation period before the viral antigen shed in the http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n208 spread. A further problem is that people may transmit nose and throat is sufficient to be detected, usually Published: 03 February 2021 infection before recognising symptoms1—a key driver 1-2 days before symptom onset.1 2 8 Taking swabs of spread.
    [Show full text]
  • Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
    Tuesday Volume 697 15 June 2021 No. 17 HOUSE OF COMMONS OFFICIAL REPORT PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) Tuesday 15 June 2021 © Parliamentary Copyright House of Commons 2021 This publication may be reproduced under the terms of the Open Parliament licence, which is published at www.parliament.uk/site-information/copyright/. 103 15 JUNE 2021 104 House of Commons Aid Budget Reduction: Humanitarian Impact Mr David Davis (Haltemprice and Howden) (Con): Tuesday 15 June 2021 What recent assessment he has made of the humanitarian impact of reducing the UK aid budget. [901216] The House met at half-past Eleven o’clock Steven Bonnar (Coatbridge, Chryston and Bellshill) (SNP): What assessment he has made of the potential effect of reductions in the UK aid budget on UK PRAYERS humanitarian work overseas. [901224] Martin Docherty-Hughes (West Dunbartonshire) (SNP): [MR SPEAKER in the Chair] What assessment he has made of the potential effect of Virtual participation in proceedings commenced reductions in the UK aid budget on UK humanitarian (Orders, 4 June and 30 December 2020). work overseas. [901226] [NB: [V] denotes a Member participating virtually.] Hannah Bardell (Livingston) (SNP): What assessment he has made of the potential effect of reductions in the BUSINESS BEFORE QUESTIONS UK aid budget on UK humanitarian work overseas. [901228] DANIEL MORGAN INDEPENDENT PANEL REPORT Resolved, The Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth That an humble Address be presented to Her Majesty, That and Development Affairs and First Secretary of State she will be graciously pleased to give directions that there be laid (Dominic Raab): The UK will spend £10 billion in before this House a Return of the Report, entitled The Report of official development assistance in 2021, making us the the Daniel Morgan Independent Panel, dated 15 June 2021.— third highest bilateral humanitarian donor country based (Rebecca Harris.) on the OECD data.
    [Show full text]
  • New Test to Release for International Travel Scheme Launches Today 15 December 2020
    New Test to Release for International Travel Scheme Launches Today 15 December 2020 New voluntary COVID testing scheme for people returning to England from locations not on the Travel Corridor list https://www.gov.uk/guidance/coronavirus-covid-19-travel-corridors which may reduce quarantine period. • Voluntary scheme which applies to those self-isolating in England only. • Under the scheme you can choose to pay for a private COVID-19 test and if negative, you can stop self-isolating • Earliest test can be taken is 5 full days after you left the location not on the travel corridor list. How to take part in the scheme To take part in the scheme you need to: • book a test with a private test provider • choose to opt into the scheme on the passenger locator form You will be asked to enter details of your test in the passenger locator form. You must do this to take part in the scheme. You should book your test before you travel to England. This is so you can enter details of the test when you opt into the scheme on the passenger locator form. If you decide to take part in the scheme after you have arrived in England, you will need to complete another passenger locator form. You can opt into the scheme if you arrived in England before 15 December but you will need to book a test with a private test provider and complete another passenger locator form. You cannot take the test until 5 full days after you left a place not on the travel corridor list.
    [Show full text]
  • Arriving and Staying Safe in ONCAMPUS Partnered Accommodation During COVID-19 CONTENTS
    Achieve more. Arriving And Staying Safe In ONCAMPUS Partnered Accommodation during COVID-19 CONTENTS Welcome 4 Booking your arrival timeslot 5 Travelling to your accommodation 5 Traffic light system 6 Test to Release Scheme 7 NHS COVID-19 8-9 Locator Form 48 hours before you travel 10 Coronavirus Symptoms 11 Should I wear a face covering in my accommodation? 11 How can I help do my part and minimise the risk of 12 catching or spreading coronavirus? What is a household? 12 If someone in my household develops symptoms, 13 do we all need to isolate? How can I get tested? 13 Test results 13-14 What additional health and safety measures have been 15 put in place at my accommodation due to COVID-19? Are there any changes to overnight or day guests? 16 Cleaning 16 Maintenance 17 Your responsibilities 18 What if the fire alarm goes off and I am self-isolating? 18 Food delivery and online supermarket orders 19 Resources and Useful Links 20-21 3 Booking your arrival timeslot Welcome to the accommodation Welcome! We hope you are looking forward to If you are required to book a timeslot for your accom- arriving to your accommodation. modation the ONCAMPUS pre-arrival team will contact you via the email address given on your student appli- We understand this is a very uncertain and unsettling cation. Included in this email will be details on how to time to be travelling abroad to study. To help inform you book an arrival time that suits you best. Please do this better and to answer some questions you are likely to as soon as you can as there are limits for each slot in have, we have put together a simple guide to navigate order to ensure social distancing can be maintained.
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Report Tuesday, 12 January 2021 CONTENTS
    Daily Report Tuesday, 12 January 2021 This report shows written answers and statements provided on 12 January 2021 and the information is correct at the time of publication (07:16 P.M., 12 January 2021). For the latest information on written questions and answers, ministerial corrections, and written statements, please visit: http://www.parliament.uk/writtenanswers/ CONTENTS ANSWERS 6 Children: Social Services 16 BUSINESS, ENERGY AND Coronavirus: Students 17 INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY 6 Educational Institutions: Carbon Emissions 6 Coronavirus 17 Electricity Generation 7 Further Education 18 Green Homes Grant Scheme 8 Higher Education: Fees and Green Homes Grant Scheme: Charges 18 Coronavirus 9 Pre-school Education: Hospitality Industry and Retail Coronavirus 19 Trade: Greater London 9 Remote Education 22 Hydrogen: Environment Schools: Discipline 24 Protection 10 Sikhs: Curriculum 24 Wind Power 10 Teachers: Absenteeism and Wind Power: Seas and Sick Leave 25 Oceans 11 FOREIGN, COMMONWEALTH CABINET OFFICE 12 AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE 27 Port Infrastructure Fund 12 Developing Countries: UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Coronavirus 27 Agreement: Equality 13 India: Agriculture 27 DEFENCE 14 India: Religious Freedom 28 Armed Forces: Trees 14 Overseas Aid: Malaria 28 Members: Correspondence 15 Soft Power and External DIGITAL, CULTURE, MEDIA AND Affairs Department: Finance 29 SPORT 15 Sri Lanka: Religious Freedom 29 Culture: Greater London 15 HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 30 EDUCATION 15 Abortion 30 Children: Day Care 15 Abortion: Side Effects 31 Aspartame 31 Eating
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Report Tuesday, 24 November 2020 CONTENTS
    Daily Report Tuesday, 24 November 2020 This report shows written answers and statements provided on 24 November 2020 and the information is correct at the time of publication (06:30 P.M., 24 November 2020). For the latest information on written questions and answers, ministerial corrections, and written statements, please visit: http://www.parliament.uk/writtenanswers/ CONTENTS ANSWERS 7 Public Transport: Job Creation 16 BUSINESS, ENERGY AND Renewable Energy: INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY 7 Continental Shelf 16 Bounce Back Loan Scheme 7 Research: Students 17 Carbon Emissions 8 Space Technology 17 Carbon Emissions: Space Technology: Skilled Infrastructure 8 Workers 18 Coronavirus: Vaccination 9 Weddings: Coronavirus 19 Electric Vehicles 10 Wind Power 19 Electric Vehicles: Rural Areas 10 Wind Power: Continental Shelf 19 Energy: Continental Shelf 11 Wind Power: Job Creation 20 Environment Protection: Job Wind Power: North East 21 Creation 11 CABINET OFFICE 22 Green Homes Grant Scheme 12 Autism: Coronavirus 22 Hydrogen: Natural Gas 13 Coronavirus: Disease Control 22 Iron and Steel: Energy 13 EU Exit Operations Committee Motor Vehicles: Sales 13 and EU Exit Strategy Nuclear Power 13 Committee 22 Offshore Industry: North Sea 14 Medicines: Northern Ireland 23 Oil and Gas UK 14 Veterans: Merseyside 23 Personal Care Services: DEFENCE 24 Coronavirus 14 Armed Forces: Recruitment 24 Post Offices: Closures 15 Army: Parades 24 Postal Services: Domestic Defence: Coronavirus 24 Abuse and Homelessness 15 Defence: Procurement 25 Procurement: Coronavirus 16 HMS Albion
    [Show full text]