Table of Legislation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Table of Legislation Table of Legislation Belgium Private International Law Code (‘Code de droit international prive´’), 16 July 2004. Canada Alberta First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Act, RSA 2000, c. F-14. An Act to Amend and Consolidate the Laws Respecting Indians, SC 1880, c. 28. An Act Further to Amend The Indian Act of 1880, SC 1884, c. 27, s. 3. An Act to Amend the Indian Act, SC 1918, c. 26. An Act Respecting Indians, SC 1951, c. 29, s. 123(2). Cultural Property Export and Import Act, RSC 1985, c. C-51. European Union Council Regulation 2001/44/EC of 22 December 2000 on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters/ Brussels I Regulation (OJ L 12, 16 January 2001). Council Directive 93/7/EEC of 15 March 1993 on the Return of Cultural Objects Unlawfully Removed from the Territory of a Member State (OJ L 74/74, 27 March 1993). K. Kuprecht, Indigenous Peoples’ Cultural Property Claims, 193 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-01655-9, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 194 Table of Legislation France Act No. 2002-323 of 6 March 2002 concerning the Restitution of the Mortal Remains of Saartjie Baartman from France to South Africa (‘Loi relative a` la restitution par la France de la de´pouille mortelle de Saartjie Baartman a` l’Afrique du Sud’). Act No. 2010-501 of 18 May 2010 aiming at Authorising the Restitution of Ma¯ori Heads from France to New Zealand and on the Management of Collections (‘Loi visant a` autoriser la restitution par la France des teˆtes maories a` la Nouvelle- Ze´lande et relatives a` la gestion des collections’). Civil Code (‘Code civile’), 21 March 1804. Heritage Code (‘Code du patrimoine’), 20 February 2004. Germany Act to Implement the UNESCO Convention of 14 November 1970 on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property and to implement the Council Directive 93/7/EEC of 15 March 1993 on the Return of Cultural Objects Unlawfully Removed from the Territory of a Member State (‘Gesetz zur Ausfu¨hrung des UNESCO- U¨ bereinkommens vom 14. November 1970 u¨ber Maßnahmen zum Verbot und zur Verhu¨tung der rechtswidrigen Einfuhr, Ausfuhr und U¨ bereignung von Kulturgut und zur Umsetzung der Richtlinie 93/7/EWG des Rates vom 15. Ma¨rz 1993 u¨ber die Ru¨ckgabe von unrechtma¨ßig aus dem Hoheitsgebiet eines Mitgliedstaats verbrachten Kulturgu¨tern’), 18 May 2007 (BGBl. I p. 757, No. 21, 2547). Italy Italian Civil Code (‘Codice civile’), Regio Decreto 16 March 1942 (n. 262). Philippines Philippines’ Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of 1997. Table of Legislation 195 Switzerland Agreement between the Swiss Federal Council and the Government of the Republic of Peru about the Collaboration in Preventing Illicit Trade in Archaeological Objects (‘Vereinbarung zwischen dem Schweizerischen Bundesrat und der Regierung der Republik Peru u¨ber die Zusammenarbeit zur Verhu¨tung des rechtswidrigen Handels mit archa¨ologischen Gu¨tern’) (adopted on 28 December 2006). Canton Lucerne Protection of Cultural Monuments Act (‘Gesetz u¨ber den Schutz der Kulturdenkma¨ler’), 8 March 1960. Civil Code (‘Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch’), 10 December 1907 (SR 210). Decree of the Federal Council of 10 December 1945 on Claims for Return of Objects Taken in Territories Occupied in Times of War (‘Bundesratsbeschluss vom 10. Dezember 1945 betreffend die Klagen auf Ru¨ckgabe in kriegsbesetzten Gebieten weggenommener Vermo¨genswerte’), 1945 (AS 61). Federal Act on the International Transfer of Cultural Property (‘Bundesgesetz u¨ber den internationalen Kulturgu¨tertransfer’), 20 June 2003 (SR 44.1). Federal Private International Law Act (‘Bundesgesetz u¨ber das Internationale Privatrecht’), 18 December 1987 (SR 291). Federal Regulations on the International Transfer of Cultural Property (‘Verordnung u¨ber den internationalen Kulturgu¨tertransfer’), 13 April 2005 (SR 444.11). United Kingdom Dealing in Cultural Objects (Offences) Act 2003. Human Tissue Act 2004. United States Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979, 16 U.S.C. §§ 470bb–470mm. Constitution of the United States, Amendment 5 (passed 25 September 1791, ratified 15 December 1971). Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act of 1983, 19 U.S.C. §§ 2601-2613. Indian Appropriation Act of 3 March 1871, 25 U.S.C. § 71. Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, 8 U.S.C. § 1401(b). Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, 25 U.S.C. §§ 461–479. Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, 25 U.S.C. § 450a. National Museum of the American Indian Act of 1989, 20 U.S.C. §§ 80q–15. 196 Table of Legislation Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990, 25 U.S.C. §§ 3001–3013 and 18 U.S.C. § 1170. Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Regulations, 43 C.F.R. § 10. New York State Indian Law of 1899. Table of International Conventions and Declarations 1919 Covenant of the League of Nations (adopted on 29 April 1919, entered into force 10 January 1920). African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, 21 ILM 58 (adopted on 27 June 1981, entered into force 21 October 1986). American Convention on Human Rights, OAS Treaty Series No. 36; 1144 UNTS 123 (adopted on 22 November 1969, entered into force 18 July 1978); reprinted in Basic Documents Pertaining to Human Rights in the Inter-American System, OEA/Ser.L.V/II.82 doc.6 rev.1 at 25 (1992). Convention on Biological Diversity. 1760 UNTS 143 (adopted on 5 June 1992, entered into force 29 December 1993). Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 78 UNTS 277 (adopted on 9 December 1948, entered into force 12 January 1951). New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, 330 UNTS 38 (adopted on 10 June 1958, entered into force 7 June 1959). European Convention on Human Rights, CETS No. 005 (adopted on 4 November 1950, entered into force 3 September 1953). European Convention on Human Rights, Protocol 1, CETS No. 009 (adopted on 20 March 1952, entered into force 18 May 1954). European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, 472 UNTS 185 (adopted on 20 April 1959, entered into force 12 June 1962). ILO Convention No. 107 Concerning the Protection and Integration of Indigenous and Other Tribal and Semi-Tribal Populations in Independent Countries, 328 UNTS 24 (adopted on 26 June 1957, entered into force 2 June 1959). ILO Convention No. 169 Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, 1659 UNTS 383 (adopted on 27 June 1989, entered into force 5 September 1991). Lugano Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgements in Civil and Commercial Matters, 28 ILM 620 (adopted on 16 September 1988, entered into force 1 January 1992, revised on 30 October 2007). K. Kuprecht, Indigenous Peoples’ Cultural Property Claims, 197 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-01655-9, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 198 Table of International Conventions and Declarations Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights (Whakatana, 12–18 June 1993). Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (UN Doc. UNEP/CBD/COP/DEC/X/1) (adopted on 29 October 2010). Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, 2253 UNTS 212 (adopted on 26 March 1999, entered into force 9 March 2004). The Hague Convention II with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land: Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 32 Stat. 1803, 2 Martens Nouveau Recueil (2d) 949 (adopted on 29 July 1899, entered into force 4 September 1900). The Hague Convention IV respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 36 Stat. 2277, 1 Bevans 631 (adopted on 18 October 1907, entered into force 26 January 1910). The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, 249 UNTS 240 (adopted on 14 May 1954, entered into force 7 August 1956). The Hague Convention relating to Civil Procedure, 286 UNTS 267 (adopted on 1 March 1954, entered into force 12 April 1957). UN Charter, 1 UNTS XVI (adopted on 26 June 1945, entered into force 24 October 1945). UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, General Assembly Resolution 217A (III) (UN Doc. A/810) (adopted on 10 December 1948). UN International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimi- nation, 660 UNTS 195 (adopted on 21 December 1965, entered into force 4 January 1969). UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 993 UNTS 3; 6 ILM 360 (adopted on 16 December 1966, entered into force 3 January 1976). UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 999 UNTS 171 and 1057 UNTS 407 (adopted on 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976). UN Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, General Assembly Resolution (UN Doc. A/RES/1514 (XV)) (adopted on 14 December 1960). UN Millennium Declaration, General Assembly Resolution (UN Doc. A/RES/55/2) (adopted on 18 September 2000). UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, General Assembly Resolution 61/295 (UN Doc. A/61/L.67 and Add.1) (adopted on 13 September 2007). UNESCO Constitution, 4 UNTS 275 (adopted on 16 November 1945, entered into force 4 November 1946). UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, 823 UNTS 231 (adopted on 14 November 1970, entered into force 24 April 1972). Table of International Conventions and Declarations 199 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2368 UNTS 1 (adopted on 17 October 2003, entered into force 20 April 2006).
Recommended publications
  • Newsletter, Vol 29 No 1, Summer 1998
    SLH NEWSTETTER æ"Íi{": ( è Þ t ö '¿a (Í. { IJJ o 2& ,YtÐ PRESIDENT PRES¡DENT-EtECT Laura Kalman Thomas A. Green Department of History Law School University of California, University of Michigan Santa Barbara SECRETARY.TREASURER Donald G. Nieman Department of History Bowling Oreen State University MANAGING EDITOR R. Mark Phillips Department of History Bowling Green State University ,rtuitE 29, Iro. I TABLE OF CONTENTS Socict)' News of thc Frorl tlre lì'csitlelrt's l)esk I l99tì Ànnual Mce ting 2 r\ll Abotrt Us 2 Who Are'Wc? 4 Sponsoring and Sustaitring Memtrers 4 Don¡ltl St¡tht'rl¿ìlìd Prizù 5 1998 Elcctions/lliographics of the Candiclates 5 44lr9u!!cc!!9rls National Humanities Center Fellows () Wilson Ceuter Fellows, 1998-99 9 Americatr Antitlrrarian Socicty Iìellows 10 Massacht¡sctts Historical Society Fellows 10 Grrggenheir-r-r Fellows for 1998-99 l0 Y¡lc l-aw Jourtr¿l Cottfelt'ltct' l0 Massachusctts I-egal Flistory Journal 10 Stlrtlent Ììssay Compctitiotr 11 National I Iurnanitics Cerrter Fc-llowships, 1999-2000 il Woot-lrow Wilson Center Fellowships for 1999-2000 t1 U.S. Independent Counsel lnvcsti¡¡ations Projcct t2 Suprcmc Court I listorical Society Lecture Serics 12 National Archivcs Digital Classroonr Project t2 Rccent Publications of Interest Articlcs 13 Books 27 UNC Press'l'itles 30 lr !-- Midvvt'st C'l IlAt't'ANlil-Ll for all his u'olk ort ot¡r beh¿rlI in Soattle . Nrl¡!l¡-c¡'st ()ctolrer. 2s (23) Illinois s4 ( s3) Wc krok forn,¿rrd kr sccing yorr in ln thc rÌìt'¿ìntirìl(', n,c hopc y()ll arc having a C()ntìcctictlt 2( 3) I rrcl iana 20 ( le) r.r'ondr.r'ful sunrnìet antl "let's Lre' carcfttl out thcre!" Maiuc 62 (47) lorv¿r 6( 10) M¡ss¡cht¡st'tts 2( ó) Michigan 26( 27) I 99tì Anntrrrl Mcctirrs: .Seattle, October 22-24 Ncrv I l.rnrPshilt' ( s( 3) Minnesota )) )l\ Rhotlc Islarrcl r(2) Missouri 13 ( 13) Make nou' to attencl thc Socir-ty's l!)9tl nrccting in Seattle, rvhere n¡e rt,ill ¡rcct at VorI:ront ¡rlans Ohio 37 ( 35) thc Scattlc I lilton.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the International Debate on the Right to Peace in the Context of the Human Rights and Intergovernmental Bodies of the United Nations
    Analysis of the international debate on the right to peace in the context of the human rights and intergovernmental bodies of the United Nations “Analysis of the international debate on the right to peace in the context of the human rights and intergovernmental bodies of the United Nations” Mr. David Fernández Puyana Doctoral thesis UPF/2014 Tutor: Dr. Santiago Ripol Carulla (Professor of international law at the University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona) 1 Analysis of the international debate on the right to peace in the context of the human rights and intergovernmental bodies of the United Nations Acknowledgments The enforcement and promotion of world peace requires the collective effort of many people, and the same is true for this doctoral thesis. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all the people and NGOs who have wholeheartedly supported the process in favour of the recognition of peace as a human right of all individuals and all peoples. I am most indebted to Ambassador Christian Guillermet-Fernández, Chairperson- Rapporteur of the Intergovernmental Open Ended Working Group on the right to peace at the Human Rights Council, who trusted me to assist him on the legal field during my tenure as a member of the dynamic team of the Permanent Mission of Costa Rica to the United Nations in Geneva. I benefited greatly from the edition process carried out by Donna Perry, the University of Massachusetts, Worcester (USA). Especially valuable was the support and friendship of Jussi Ojala, Elina Korhonen and Aaro Rytkönen (Finnish Church Aid), Christina Papazoglou (World Council of Churches) and Jaime Aranzadi, Miguel Bose and Juanes (Foundation Peace without Borders).
    [Show full text]
  • Conflicting Laws in a Common Market? the NAFTA Experiment
    Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 76 Issue 3 Symposium on the Structures of Care Article 16 Work April 2001 Conflicting Laws in a Common Market? The NAFTA Experiment H. Patrick Glenn Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation H. P. Glenn, Conflicting Laws in a Common Market? The NAFTA Experiment, 76 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 1789 (2001). Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol76/iss3/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. CONFLICTING LAWS IN A COMMON MARKET? THE NAFTA EXPERIMENT H. PATRICK GLENN* Globalization, it has recently been said, means the end not of history, but of geography, in the sense of the importance of geophysical boundaries.1 Like most statements on globalization, this one is also an exaggeration. Yet many close and familiar boundaries have recently declined in importance, whether they are geophysical, political, or legal.2 Regionalization is an important part of this process, since we define the new regions not so much in terms of geophysical boundaries, though in a large sense they are still present, but in terms of new political and legal boundaries that surpass those of the state. The European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA") 3 are only two examples of contemporary regionalization, yet they illustrate the diversity of structures it may represent.
    [Show full text]
  • Socal Justice and Comprehensive Law Practices: Three Washington State Examples
    Seattle Journal for Social Justice Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 22 November 2006 Socal Justice and Comprehensive Law Practices: Three Washington State Examples Heather E. Williams Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj Recommended Citation Williams, Heather E. (2006) "Socal Justice and Comprehensive Law Practices: Three Washington State Examples," Seattle Journal for Social Justice: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 22. Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj/vol5/iss1/22 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications and Programs at Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Seattle Journal for Social Justice by an authorized editor of Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 411 Social Justice and Comprehensive Law Practices: Three Washington State Examples Heather E. Williams1 “[D]issatisfaction is not inevitable.”2 Our courts have a very tough job. Scholars and citizens may disagree over whether our courts and legal processes are, at best, inefficient or, at worst, broken; but it is safe to say that there is a large degree of dissatisfaction. Still, judicial systems at the tribal, state, and federal levels accomplish a tremendous feat every day, serving society by hearing and adjudicating claims by parties great and small. While efficiency may not be a hallmark of the American judicial system, the existing infrastructure has proved remarkable in its ability to let each case be heard. Hard-working judges, attorneys, clerks, and staff endlessly turn the cogs and wheels of our adjudicative machinery in the pursuit of justice.
    [Show full text]
  • American Indian Law: a Discourse on Chthonic Law
    North Dakota Law Review Volume 89 Number 1 Article 2 1-1-2013 American Indian Law: A Discourse on Chthonic Law Gregory Gagnon Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/ndlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Gagnon, Gregory (2013) "American Indian Law: A Discourse on Chthonic Law," North Dakota Law Review: Vol. 89 : No. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://commons.und.edu/ndlr/vol89/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Dakota Law Review by an authorized editor of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMERICAN INDIAN LAW: A DISCOURSE ON CHTHONIC LAW GREGORY GAGNON* ABSTRACT This discourse on Chthonic Law, a theory propounded by H. Patrick Glenn among others, is the occasion for describing advantages and disadvantages of the introduction of customary American Indian law (Chthonic law) into the courtroom. Remarks on the theory, considerations of its merits and weaknesses and illustrations from American Indian societies lead to the conclusion that Chthonic law should become part of the admissible evidence in American courts. A major criticism of Chthonic Law theory is that it tends to describe a fictionalized version of society. Examples of American Indian violence, use of punishment, and private property law counter the idyllic construction of Chthonic law. Examples of the actual operation of a different legal system do exist, particularly the use of compensation and the justice goal of restoration after offenses.
    [Show full text]
  • Count on Us Overview of Eversheds Sutherland’S Emergency Response Capabilities
    Count on us Overview of Eversheds Sutherland’s emergency response capabilities Eversheds Sutherland Overview of emergency response capabilities Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Emergency Response Know-How ..................................................................................................................... 6 Our Experience ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Our Team ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 2 Eversheds Sutherland Overview of emergency response capabilities Executive Summary Overview. Emergency response is like chess. The next move will have serious implications 10 moves later. Or it is like juggling, with six issues in the air at the same time. Or it is like coaching a team in the second half of the championship game. There are a lot of metaphors, many of them useful, but none gets the whole picture. Emergency response is helping an organization address a rapid series of different but interrelated challenges with profound human and financial consequences. Sometimes you juggle, sometimes you play chess, sometimes you coach, but really you do all of these things (and more) all of the time. You manage the crisis. We know, because we manage crises everywhere in
    [Show full text]
  • The Survival of Civil Law in North America: the Case of Louisiana, 84 Law Libr
    Penn State Law eLibrary Journal Articles Faculty Works 1992 The urS vival of Civil Law in North America: The Case of Louisiana Thomas E. Carbonneau Penn State Law Follow this and additional works at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/fac_works Part of the Civil Law Commons Recommended Citation Thomas E. Carbonneau, The Survival of Civil Law in North America: The Case of Louisiana, 84 Law Libr. J. 171 (1992). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Works at Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Survival of Civil Law in North America: The Case of Louisiana* Thomas E. Carbonneau** Louisiana, with its civil law heritage, can be characterizedtoday as a mixed jurisdiction. Professor Carbonneau describes the civilian elements of Louisianalaw and speculates about the future. Introduction There are legitimate historical reasons for speaking seriously about a civil law heritage in Louisiana. French and Spanish civilian influences permeated the Louisiana Civil Code when it was first enacted in 1808. The current status of the civil law in Louisiana, however, is problematic; the American common law methodology has made significant inroads into the operation of the current legal system. Separated from its parenting source by geography, time, and culture, Louisiana civil law has become an ill- defined civilian entity that, in reality, is more of a common law process with civil law trappings. The civil law nonetheless has a destiny in Louisiana and other American jurisdictions.
    [Show full text]
  • ED 277 288 TITLE AVAILABLE from HE 019 821 Teaching And
    ED 277 288 HE 019 821 TITLE Teaching and Research in International Law in Asia and the Pacific. Report of a Regional Consultation Meeting Including Nine Country Status Surveys (Seoul, Republic of Korea, October 10-13, 1984). Social and Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific. PUSHSAP Series on Occasional Monographs and Papers, 11. INSTITUTION United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization,.Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific. PUB DATE 85 NOTE 271p. AVAILABLE FROMUNIPUB, 10033/F Martin Luther King Jr. Highway, Lanham, MD 20706-4391. PUB TYPE Collected Works - Conference Proceedings (021) -- Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *College Instruction; College Programs; Foreign Countries; *Geographic Regions; Higher Education; *International Law; Legal Education (Professions); Regional Cooperation; *Research IDENTIFIERS *Asia; Australia; India; Indonesia; Japan; Korea; *Pacific Islands; Pakistan; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Thailand ABSTRACT Information on teaching and research in international law for countries of the Asia-Pacific region is presented in proceedings of a 1984 conference sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. In addition toa regional overview, suggestions are offered for promoting regional cooperation in international law. Challenges in the teaching and study of international law, problems areas for students graduating in international law, and problems of the profession are considered. Status reports for nine countries on teaching and research in international law are 'provided by conference participants as follows: Australia (James Crawford), Iadia (M. L. Upadhyaya), Indonesia (Komar Kantaatmadja), Japan (Onuma Yasuaki), Republic of Korea (Chi Young Pak), Pakistan (M. A. Mannan), The Philippines (Adolfo S.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization in Search of Justification: Toward a Theory of Comparative Constitutional Interpretationt
    Globalization in Search of Justification: Toward a Theory of Comparative Constitutional Interpretationt SUR1T CHOUDHRY" I. INTRODUCTION: THE GLOBALIZATION OF THE PRACTICE OF MODERN CONSTITUTIONALISM .............................. 820 I. THE MODES OF COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION INTRODUCED ................................ 827 A. The State of the Literatureand the Approach of this Study ..... 827 B. The Relevance of Comparative Legal Studies ................. 829 C. Legal Particularism,Legal Hegemony, and the Refusal to Use Comparative Jurisprudence ......................... 830 D. Three Modes of Comparative ConstitutionalInterpretation .... 833 1. Mode 1: Universalist Interpretation ....................... 833 2. Mode 2: Dialogical Interpretation ........................ 835 3. Mode 3: Genealogical Interpretation ...................... 838 E. Conclusion .............................................. 839 III. UNNVERALIST INTERPETATION .............................. 841 A. Introduction ............................................. 841 B. UniversalismAs Arguments of Principle: The Presumption of Innocence in Zuma and Coetzee .......................... 846 C. Complex Universalism: Makwanyane ....................... 851 IV. DLoGIcAL INTERPRETATION ................................ 855 A. Introduction ............................................. 855 B. Confronting and Clarifying ConstitutionalAssumptions ....... 859 1. Du Plessis: The Application of the Bill of Rights ........... 859 2. NationalEducation Policy Bill: Federal/Provincial
    [Show full text]
  • INTERNATIONAL What's New in Employment Law in North America?
    INTERNATIONAL What’s new in employment law in North America? ARTICLE BY: Ius Laboris | Published: 13 JUNE 2019 KEY NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE US AND MEXICO. A REPORT ON SIGNIFICANT EMPLOYMENT LAW DEVELOPMENTS IN THEIR JURISDICTIONS: THE US AND MEXICO. CONTRIBUTOR IUS LABORIS. US: proposed minimum salary increase The US has proposed new higher thresholds for overtime payments The US Department of Labour (DOL) recently issued proposed wage overtime regulations to replace the current regulations, which have remained unchanged since 2004. Under the federal Fair Labour Standards Act, U.S. ‘non-exempt’ employees are entitled to be paid overtime at a rate of one and a half times their regular hourly rate of pay for all hours worked over 40 in a week, subject to certain exemptions. Among those exempt from the overtime requirements are so-called ‘white collar’ exempt employees who have certain professional, managerial or discretionary authority (the ‘duties test’), combined with a minimum annual salary. This category of workers is known as ‘exempt employees.’ The DOL proposed raising the minimum annual salary threshold for workers to qualify for the white- collar exemptions from the current USD 23,660 to USD 35,308 (or USD 679, up from USD 455 per week). For so-called ‘highly compensated employees’ (employees who do not have to be paid overtime if they meet just one of the duties of one of the white collar exemptions), DOL proposed raising the annual salary threshold from USD100,000 to USD 147,414. Following initial public comment, the DOL also proposed regular increases to the minimum annual salary threshold every four years, which will be determined after additional public notice-and-comment periods for each subsequent increase.
    [Show full text]
  • Factual Record Ontario Logging Submission (SEM-02-001) & Ontario Logging II Submission (SEM-04-006)
    N • A • E • L • P North American Environmental Law and Policy 21 21Commission for Environmental Cooperation North American Environmental Law and Policy Law American Environmental North Factual Record Ontario Logging Submissions (SEM-02-001) and (SEM-04-006) North American Environmental Law and Policy Prepared in Accordance with CEC Secretariat Article 15 of the North American 393, rue St-Jacques Ouest Bureau 200 Agreement on Environmental Montréal (Québec) Cooperation Canada H2Y 1N9 [email protected] www.cec.org Factual Record Ontario Logging Submission (SEM-02-001) & Ontario Logging II Submission (SEM-04-006) Prepared in Accordance with Article 15 of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation June 2006 For more information about this or other publications from the CEC, contact: Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America 393, rue St-Jacques Ouest, bureau 200 Montréal (Québec) Canada H2Y 1N9 Tel.: (514) 350-4300 Fax: (514) 350-4314 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.cec.org ISBN: 2-89451-953-2 © Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America, 2007 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Legal Deposit - Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, 2007 Legal Deposit - Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, 2007 Disponible en français – ISBN: 2-89451-955-9 Disponible en español – ISBN: 2-89451-954-0 This publication was prepared by the Secretariat of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America (CEC). The views con- tained herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the governments of Canada, Mexico, or the United States of America. PROFILE In North America, we share a rich environmental heritage that includes air, oceans and rivers, mountains and forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Transnationalism: the Relationship Between Transnational Social Movement
    Journal of Law & the American Social Inquiry Bar Foundation Law & Social Inquiry Volume 36, Issue 2, 419–454, Spring 2011 Legal Transnationalism: The Relationship between Transnational Social Movement Building and International Lawlsi_1237 419..454 Tamara Kay This article examines the compelling enigma of how the introduction of a new international law, the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC), helped stimulate labor cooperation and collaboration in the 1990s. It offers a theory of legal transnationalism—defined as processes by which international laws and legal mechanisms facilitate social movement building at the transnational level—that explains how nascent international legal institutions and mechanisms can help develop collective interests, build social movements, and, ultimately, stimulate cross-border collaboration and cooperation. It identifies three primary dimensions of legal transnationalism that explain how international laws stimulate and constrain movement building through: (1) formation of collective identity and interests (constitutive effects), (2) facilitation of collective action (mobilization effects), and (3) adjudication and enforcement (redress effects). INTRODUCTION In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement’s (NAFTA’s) labor side agreement, the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC), created a new and unprecedented transnational labor rights regime that linked trade and labor rights for the first time in a free trade agreement. The hotly contested regional gover- nance institution established new transnational labor rights standards and transnational legal mechanisms to adjudicate complaints of labor rights violations across the conti- nent. Despite its innovation, however, labor leaders in all three NAFTA countries bemoaned the NAALC’s lack of teeth and predicted it would do little to advance labor rights in North America.
    [Show full text]