Essex Districts and the Un Tary Alrthorit Es of Southend-On'sea and Thurrock Wh Ch Are Palt of H Storic Essex and Alphabetical Y by Town Or V Llage

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INTRODUCTION 1 COLCHESTEB 28 TENDR NG 47 BASILDON 5 EPPING FOREST 35 THURROCK 55 BRAINTREE 6 HARLOW 39 UTTLESFOBD 59 BRENTWOOD 21 N,4ALDON 41 NDEX 68 CASTLE POINT 22 ROCHFORD 45 BIBLIOGRAPHY 69 CHEL[/]SFORD 23 SOUTHEND ON-SEA 46 ACKNOWLEDGEN,4ENTS 69

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SOUTI]END ON SEA TI]UBFOC(

Each gazetteer entry has a lelter or letters and nurnber that re ate to the locat on rnaps photographs and ndex. The Natonal Grid Reference is given to a d more accurate ocation S tes are isted by the hre ve Essex Districts and the Un tary ALrthorit es of Southend-on'Sea and Thurrock wh ch are palt of h storic Essex and alphabetical y by town or v llage. Aga nst each site is a syrnbol denot ng access: * Can be viewed irom footpath or road wh ch passes near or lhrough the s te Th s does not imply there is perm ssion to wander anywhere at wil. tr Open to the pub ic, often wth faciities on at east regular open days. l,l0TE: THE INCLUSIoN 0F SITES llt THE GAZETTEEn DoES I'l0T IMPLY PUOLIC ACCESS. WHEi{EVER YoU ARE lt{ DoUBT lI lS ATWAYS COURTEOUS T() AS( PEBMISSION TO ENTEB A SITE.

PUBLISHED BY THE ASSOC AT ON FOR INDUSTBIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 2012 O The Author and the Association for lndustr al Archaeo ogy Photographs by the Author un ess otheMise ind cated. lVaps by Laura Belton of Essex County Council and John Stengelhoien are based on lhe Ordnance Survey N,4aps w th the perm ssion ol Ordnance SuNey on beha f of Her N/aiesty s Stat onary Ott ce

o Crown Copyrght T 00425264,2012 fronl caver Crompton & Co Atc Wotks, Writtle Raad, Chelmsford (see C2.10) back cover: The dinking fountain and horse trough at Quendon, beside the old A1 1 road (see Ul 5) tsBN 978 0 9560251 I t I GUIDE TO TIIE IXDU3'NI^L AICHAEOLOGY OF ESSEX

TONY CROSBY

8T2.1: Bockjng Mill, see page I

AT ITTFODUGTIOX TO flIE II{DUATRNL ABCHAEOLOGY OF ESSEX

The area that constitutes the present County of Essex, ts more weslern Boroughs now in Greater London, is mainly a rural agr cultural county both traditionally and 1o the present day. lts coastl ne, wh ch has many r ver estuaries and creeks, is said to be ihe ongest in Britain and has been the base for a fishing industry for many centuries. Essex has no deposiis oi coal or metal ores on which to base hea\,y induslry and there s no stone apart from cha k in the north-west and the south-east This absence of buildinq stone has resulted n the character sl c timber and brick buildinos of the countv. / is clay, hencethe early a s for purposes ,rur glacrar develoDed rrsh areas

shenes ol lhe county and the mrllI rny watermills having been recorded in Domesday, while windmills werc 1,,, e flh century and tide mills on the tidal creeks were also built. Working exa

OTHER AG RIC U LTU RAL INDUSTRIES

)ening of bananas. The application ol factory styl€ of the eighteenth centurywith lhe development o 1 d acentralyard, sieam power and process flowaround an integrated s iilALTl G A1{D BREWIiIG Malting and brew ng were malor industr es in Essex serving both the local market and also nearby London. lvla ting took place on farms, and most vil ages and market towns had at east one ma thouse. Brewing deve oped from the activty n medieval communities on the large larms and estates and at pub ic houses unt I the rise of common brewers in the second hal of the eighteenth century The nineteenth century saw the deve opment of the mu t -storey mathouse and the integrated industrial scale brewery on lar fewer s tes and often linked to good transport routes such as via the coast to the Thames and London, inland navlgatons such as the Stort and the ra lways. N,4alting now survves in modern p ant at W tharn and on two sites n I\,4 st ey, whi e the last commercia brewery, B d eys, c osed n 2005, athough the county has a large and growing numbeT ol m cro-breweries. One nteresting related site s the former lsing ass factory n Coggeshal , or g naly a tannery, from the mid n neteenlh century it was used for the product on of s nglass irom the sw m bladders of fish used 10 clear beer There was a distilery n Colchester from 1812 and Gilbeys gin was made rn Har ow lrom the 1950s. E1{GII{EENING The st mulus for the deve oprnent of the foundr es and eng neer ng industrywas aga n agriculture. The need for mach nery ior the dozens ofwater and windm lls resulted ln many milwr ghts estab ishing their own foundrles (such as Hunt's at Earls Co ne) and the need for ploughs etc. ed to the deve opment of the agr cu tura mp ement manufacturers. The iirst foundry in the county was establ shed ln 1792 ln Co chester, wth mostdevelop ng during the first haf of the n neteenth century As wellas producing a wide range of gearing for the m lls and agr cultura mp ements such as Bentall's patent Go dhanger Plough , lhese lound es a so produced stTuctura ironwork for malthouses and brewer es, cast ron arches ior road br dges, miLeposts and drain covers Some special sed the Colne Valley lron Works in Hastead nstovesandCrtta lvanulacturng Co of Brantreeinmeta wndowframes although they a so produced other structura ironwork ncludlng the footbr dge at W tham Station. Another specia ism that developed was the production of steam powered iarnr'r machinery such as threshing machines and the Darby Patent Broads de Steam D gger Davey and Paxman at the r Standard lronworks n Colchester began by making steam engines and boilers before moving on to the production of diesel engines ln 1899 the Hofiman l\,4anufacturing Company estab shed a large mut storey lactory n Che msiord to produce precision steel bearings. TEXIILES Production of woollen cloth can be traced back to Roman times and n the m d sixteenth century Dutch mm grants ntroduced what was to become the ma n cloth produced in Essex, 'bays' (from which baize s der ved) and 'says' (a type oi serge). These were lght loose ywoven cloths s m larto worsteds and wh ch needed lu I ng hence the number of water powered fu ing mi ls in the counly The ma n centres for the trade were Colchesler, w th its Dutch Quarter, Bra ntree and Bocking Coggeshall and Halstead. The industry experienced booms and s umps throughoutthe 1700s but bytheend ofthe centurywas n serous decline wth potenta y disastrous effects on the ocal economy. However the s k textile ndustry neat yilled the gap created, asthe east London s lk producers sought a skiled workforce and room to expand in order to sutuive themselves. The main centres for s lk product on were the same aslhose forwoolwth peop e likeJohn Halin Coggesha and alsoChelmslord, Walters and Warners n Braintree, where the principal Essex silk lirm ol Courtaulds also became established hav ng rnaior sites also in Bocking and Halstead One of Courlauld's ma n products was mourning crape that was very fashionable n the Victor an era, but ost favour at the end of the 1800s. The company survived this decl ne n demand for its product by d versity ng nto the production of artiiicia fibres EXTBACTIVE I1{DUSTRI ES Essex in simple terms is a bowl ol chalk which comes to the sudace n the north and south, the bow be ng fil ed with clays and brickearths Br cks and t les have been made in the county since Roman t mes and the ndustry at ts greatest extent was to be lound in the vast majority of parishes. The twen- t elh century, however saw a considerable decrease n the number ol brick works so that today there are on y two brick works sti I operat ng. The chalk was quarried in both areas where it out cropped, around Saflron Walden n the north-west and most extensive y in the south-west in the Grays area. Tramways were a particular feature of brick works and the quarrles both nterna systems but a so externa tracks leading to other transport nks such as creeks and ra lways. 2 TRANSPORT - ROADS' POBTSI II{LAND WATEBWAYS' BAILWAYS Turnpike roads were established relat vely eary in Essex with that frorn London through Che msford W tham, and Colchester to the port of HaMich being aid out in 1695. ln 1 702 the turnpike lrom London TE6.4: The man-powercd fteadwheel Crcne ol 1 667 fomerfy in the Royal Navy Docl(yatd at HaNvich, moved to Harwich Green in 1932.

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to Har ow was establ shed and this route was extended later in the century n part to faci itate the movement of barley and malt to the capita. The rivers Stour, Colne Blackwater, Crouch and Thames were all navigabe some way inland from the Nonh Sea coast and stimulated the development of numerous trading and f shing ports such as M st ey, Colchester, Wvenhoe, Brigh lngsea, and l\,4a don. The Che mer and B ackwater Navigation from Chelmsford to Heybridge Bas n opened in 1797 and remains navigab e lor leisure craft today. The other two inland nav gations n the county are the Stour and the Stort, although both serve as the county's boundary wth Sutfolk and Hertfordsh re respectively and hence are not fu y in Essex. The Stort Navigat on irom Bishop's Slorlford to the River Lea was opened n 1769 wh le the Stour Navigation from Sudbury to N.4anningtree was opened in 1713.

ln 1 836 the first two railways n the county were authorised the Eastern Counties Ra lway (ECR) from London to Chelmsford, Colchester and onto Sutfolk and Norfo k and the Northern and Eastern Rai way from London via Harlowto Cambridge and the north. Both ines opened in stages up to 1845 by which t me the ECR operated both. Over the next four years three branches from the Co chester rne were buit and between the mid 1850s and m d 1860s there was a second spate of railway development ncluding the lines through Saflron Wa den the Dunmow and Blaintree branch and the London, T lbury and Southend Ra lway. The 1880s saw further deve opments as the Great Eastern Ra lway sought to f ll in gaps in the counly s network The lina phase of rail deve opment took place n the early twentieth century and was character sed by the construction of a number of I ght railways including that to Thaxted and the Corringham L ght RaiMay. The Beeching report nevitably spelt the end oi many oi the branches but those serv nq commuter towns and seaside resorts survve ELECTBOl{ICS Gug ie mo l\,4arcon came to Brta n n 1896 seeking backers ior his wire ess te egraphy apparatus and io lowng success opened the iirst radio equ pment factory n Chelmslord in a former silk mil in Hall Street in T 899. Th s estab ished Chelmsford as the 'b dhplace of radio' and N,4arconi's company developed factories research centres and transmitter sites across Essex, inc ud ng a small broadcast hut in Writtle. The iirst public radio broadcast was made from the New Street, Chelmsiord site in 1920. Marconi's went on to make radar and other defence equipment and in the post-war period became part of larger electronics compan es, finally becoming part of BAE Systems Crompton's, who manu- factured electr cal components started in Chelmsford in 1878. PUBLTC UTILITIES The earliest gas works in the county were n Colchester n 1817 and Chelmsford n 1819 and were pr vate compan es that sold their gas to the local authorities and along with the by-products, to other businesses. There was then a gap betore gas works were establshed in other maior towns in the 1830s such as Satfron Walden where some of the 1836 works survves. The presence of eleclronics compan es n Essex st mu ated the e ectricty supply industry and Che msford was iirst lit by elec- tricity in 1890 after the local authority had contracted with Crompton s for the supply. The first water company was estab ished in Colchester in 1B0B and fol owing the Pub ic Hea th Act 1848 a number 3 of Local Boards were set up, the iirst being in Chelmsford followed by the other major towns. As well as the undertakings set up in a part cular town, companies also deve oped to supp y a greater area ,oaworks Co. prcmises pobably ol 1 876

of this mainly rural county. These waterworks companies developed large supply systems nvolving pumping stations to extract water and move ii irom source to treatment works and storage in either a reseryoir orwater tower and finally to the customet Much evidence ol these supply systems survives in usei the pumping stations, water towers and reservoirs, and some redundant ones have been adapted to new uses. I]lDUSTBTAL COXXUllrrrES ln a ruralcounty of scattered population, providing housing fortheworkforce has been a long tradilion lrom the large estates providing cotlages for agricultural workers 10 the isolaled brick works which needed attract workers wth the offer of accommodation. Some companies had amajor impact on the settlements in which they were situated by provid ng a large number of houses and other communily Iacilities, such as Hunt's in Earls Colne and Courtauld s in Halslead. The counly has also seen the eslablishment of two company model villages. Silver End was built in the inter-war period by Crittall's as a sell-contained company village ol houses, shops and community lacilities as well as a metal window faclory. East Tilbury was built from the 1930s through to the 1960s by lhe British Bata Shoe Company, again with houses, shops, community facilities and the iaclory sile. SCOPE OF TIIE OAZETI!ER This gazetteercovers the current administrative County oi Essex, therefore not thoseareas historically part oi Essex but now the eastern Boroughs ol Greater London but including the Llnitary Authorities of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea. lt offers a wide range of sites covering both tradit ona induskies and those of the lwentieth century plus the kansport infrastructure. lt concentrates on what is now rare, unusualand of regionaland national significance. There are literally dozens of former watermills, windmills. malthouses and breweries in the Counlv in various states of Dreservation and adaoted to

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BTI.I SILK TIILL South Street, Braintree 1L75A2?s * As the firm of Coudauld, Taylors and Courtauld found success in the early nineteenth century they sought sites lor new silk mills and built a horse-powered mill on this site in 1818. As they soon secured water-powered mills elsewhere they sold Pound End Millto DanielWalters in 1822. This 8h.4, Weavers Cottages, South Steet, Braintree is a three-storey millwith a red brickground floor, New M lls site, this mi I became used sole y as the other two being of white wealherboarding all a warehouse The build ng rema ns intact but is under a slate roof lnlernally the timber framing currently vacant. survives. The ground floor has eight windows of early 1gth century vertical sliding sashes with BTI,2 SILK TIILL glazing bars. The upper storeys have windows New Mills, South Street, Braintree extending the full lenglh of the building on both fL75a22A O * long sides. As Walters developed the adjacenl Daniel Walters' silk weaving business had been in Brainkee since 1821 BT 15 and in the lale 1850s developed this complex of weaving mills The buildings have red brick plinths, but the majority ol lheir structure is . tI12 white weatherboarding 8T 3. under slate roofs. The .lI5 fenestration consists of long horizontal windows extending thelull length .8T 18 8Tl0 ol the buildings, wilh FINCHINGF ELD cast iron glazing bars. .rr21.1 lnternally there isa light .8111 8T13.1-13.7 tT7 .!Tl7 iron lramework with cast iron columns. ln about .4f21.2 -a BTg,1-9,4 1 875 power-looms were introduced, including .at2o.2 someJacquard looms, "*o,*r'Jllt'atz'2sI1.1o.r\..,r15 .BT2r 'BT20l steam power being i?j supplied by a single 8T6.1,6.6 cylinder, horlzontal, flalbed steam engine 8I8.2. 8T 19.1 in house in tBT19.2 BTl4. an engine .8T 0.1 the yard. Drive was translerred to the line' shalting in the mills via tunnels belween ,ru,rrrr" 8t22.2-22.6 house .. . the engine and 8I22,1 mills. Walters' business BNAIilTBEE DISTRICT t went into liquidaton in 6 Itr- 1894 and the millswere -rt bought by Warner and Sons who reverted to 8T1.2:Silk Mill, /, South Slr€€a Bninlree

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,d 'tt 8T6.1: Little Coggeshall Brcwery flght:BI9-1: Hunt s A as Works, ag cultwal na- chinery manufac nerc' ton wot6 at Earls Colne \. lar tight: 8T9.3 Wotkerc' t Housing at Earls Colne

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8T6.6 WATERMILL brick ground loor and two t mberjramed and Abbey Lane Coggeshall weather-boarded storeys above. Central to the rLas622z tr * roof s a weather-boarded ucam with a gambrel pla n t le roof and curved brackets whlch projects Th s site has a long and varied social and in- tothe roadside. Ataking- n door (now part blocked dustr al h story, being the site oi the Coggesha ndow)was C stercian Abbey and Abbey M ll dating from the and converted into aw ocated directly twelfth cenlury ln the early sevenleenth century belowthe lucam on thelirstloor. The milhas been n lo residential use for east 30 years. a fuling mil built by Flem sh refugees served the at Coggeshall woolen cloth industry. The present BTA.I FARMSTEAD WITH m ll was built in the mid eighteenth century as a MALTHOUSE weaving mil and became a silk throwing mil in Cress ng Temple Witham Road, Cressing c1820. lt s limber lramed and weather-boarded T1799186 o * and has a breast-shot whee . The windows ol the The twe lth century Cressing Temp e site was the upper storeyare des gned for theweaving act vty headquarters ol the Knights Temp ar ln England. being along much of the ength of the mill, with Thetwo barns and the wellthat survve on the site small panes. ln c1840 it was converted 1o corn originatefrom this per od. TheWheat Barn and the miling. lt was adapted lor steam power n the Bar ey Barn are the two finest Templar-buit barns mid nineteenlh cenlury and the engine house n Europe wh le the Barley Barn is recogn sed as and chimney rema n although the equ pment lhe oldest t mber iramed barn in lhe world The has been removed and the chimney, which has sevenleerrl ce^rury lrnbe frd-red Grar d y rs a square base and round flue, reduced in height. weather-boardedat groundlloor evelwilh render The miloperated unlilc1960 and remains argely ng above The rema ns oi a stone, brick and fl nt intact as one ol the largest and best presetued buil steeping tank and its brck-built sluice and m ls in the county. drain have been found and seventeenth century BT7 WATERMILL documents reier to a mat ng on thls ste which L4ll Lane Co ne Enga ne appears to have gone out oi use n the eary TL86oz99 * nineteenth century. Overshot Mil was builtasafullng mi in1643but BTA.2 WATER AND STEAM MILL converted nto a corn mll between '1787-'1810 Bu lord N,4i I Lane Cress ng Between thewarsthe mll was used for horse feed rL7742o5 * and for driving a dynamo which powered the mil There has been a mi lon this site since Domesday, and the adjacentiarm. During this period the iron a fullng mil be ng here when acquired by Joseph waterwheel becamevery corroded and by 1965 it Savil in 1804, who introduced corn miling bul was replaced wth a second hand Gilbert, Gikes continued wth fuling and also sp nning ln 1813 and Gordon lurbine The m lland its granary are he sold the m llwh ch was converted to just corn 12 grouped c ose together and form part of a w der milling Asteam eng ne and housewere added by complex of build ngs incuding a farm, Overshot 1862, n 1892 rollers, work ngwith and not replac- I\,411 House and t\,4 I Cottage. The m ll has a red ing the stones, were insta led, and in thelolowing t { t I ll

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* I 'i,.,i: -.1 t3 il , , rl BTI3.I BREWERY Trin ty Skeet, Ha slead T1609305 * The Halstead Brewery was built in 1859 byCharles Stanton Gray of Chelmsford, but in 1876 was bought by Thomas Francis Adams. On his death e in 1878 his sons, Edgar and Percy, continued \I lhe business ol T. E Adams and Sons until it was sold in 1939 to Fremlins. ln lhe early 1960s it was 1', no longer needed as a brewery and became a 1 colncil depot, but has now been redeveloped x I t as housing. At its maximum extent the site consisted of malthouse, brewhouse, boiler and 8T13.1: Halstead Brcwory Chapel engine house, stable block, stores and otfices, eighteenth century, its roundhouse was built in plus 'The Cottage' which was the Adams lamily 1840 to cover the trestle. lt became disused in home. The malthouse, offices and the stores the 1890s and was restored to a degree in the have been converted to residential use and 'The 1950s. Essex County Counc I then restored I to Cotlage' remains. The other signilicant feature oi its former glory. the complex is the adjacenl BreweryChapel, built BTI I WTNDUILL in 1883 as a memorial to Thomas Adams by his sons as a chapeland reading room, it was rebuilt N/ill Road, Greal Bardlield TL681307 * in 1902 in memory of Thomas and his wife. art3,2 stlx LL Built around 1700, Gibraltar Tower Mill may have i Townsford N/ill, The Causeway, Halstead Seventeenth century origins and is probably the oldest surviving windmill in Essex. Converted T1813304 O * to a house in 1957 when the brick work was The corn mill on the River Colne at Halstead rendered over. was bought by Stephen Beuzev lle who in 1825 engaged Samuel Courtauld lo convert il to a silk BTI2 TIOLDIIIGS STALL throwing and weaving mill When Beuzeville's Various addresses in Great Yeldham, business experienced linancial problems, Tilbury-Juxta-Clare & L ttle Yeldham. Courtauld bought the mill n 1828 and it was to T1750390 - T1770400 * become the core ol one of the three main sites lnfluenced by the Carnegie UK Trust, the Land ol the Courlauld business. The original water Settlement Association Ltd. (LSA) was founded powered mill dates from 1788, is three storeys in 1934 with the aim of providing work on small high, weather-boarded under a slate rooi. lt is holdings for unemployed industra workers such distinguished by, on the ground and iirst floors, as miners, principally from the norlh of England. rows of very close windows each with smallpanes ln each scheme exrsting agricullural land was and glazing bars. The ground floor was used lor divided into plots ol varying sizes and houses, draw ng the silk, first floor lorwinding and thetop out-bLrildings, g ass houses, plggeriesand poultry fioor lor weaving Adjacent to the mill is the m ll huts were built. Roads and a central storage and houseof mid to late eighteenth century. Gradualiy adminrstrative centre were established, the la er as the Courtauld business grew the factory here usualy based on a pre,existing farm. The plots was extended. ln 1832 a power loom faclory was and hence ihe houses were strung out at wide opened, equlpped with 106 looms A second was nlervals along the frontage of the roads. 25 of added in 1836 and anolher in 1842. Steam power these estates were established nationally with was inlroduced in 1828 and expanded with the two created in Essex. The houses were designed increasing size of the lactory and the number of by arch tecls Pakington and Enthoven to provide looms. Gas lghting was introduced in 1838 and adequate accommodation as cheaplyas poss ble gas power was installed in 1892, with Crossleygas according to the requirements ofthe Housing Act. engines and a producergas plant being installed The Ministry ofAgriculture took over the Yeldham in 1894. The use of gas did not last long however t4 estate along with the other LSA estates in 1948, and when a further extension to the millwas built but sold lhe Yeldham estate in 1957/8 by which in 1905 a new steam engine was installed. The time market gardening here had ceased. original weather-boarded mill remains astride Bf13 2: Halstead Silk Mil

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8T13.5: Wo*e,s'housing in Halsteacl Photo: Essex C C S.Courtauld and Co., and are ln Queen Anne style with Dutch gables and many decoralive iealures such as mou ded bricks and shllters. A plaque reveals lhat they were all built in '1883 for 'SC and Co'. They are parallel to the River Colne BT14 WATERMILL opposite the only remaining brickextension tothe mill and iorm a group with that building and the originalwater mil . L l tl a?r3.5 woRKEns, ]roustNc Hedingham Road and Colchester Road, Hal- stead TL813310 and T1819?O5 * During the 1920s, and even as late as 1935, SamuelAugust ne Coudauld had 45 houses bu lt forcompany stalf, with 25 constructed either side oflhe Hedingham Road closelo those in Box l\.4ill Lane and MillChase, theCourlauld Homes of Rest and the Halstead Hospital. Eight were built along Co chester Road close to other sites associated with the Courtauld lamiv and its business: the houses in Mailows Field, the Church, hall and presbytery, and lhe sporls ground. All were built inwhal became known as'Courtauld Tudoa style, an Arts and Craits / Garden Suburb style making BTl 5 WATERMILL use of traditional materials wood, rendering, brick and plain clay roof tiles. ,ll-a: + BTI 3.6 COTTAGE HOSPITAL Hedingham Road, Halstead Tlal4i]10 * Constructed in 1884 and designed by George Sherrin, the cottage hospital was built under the instruction ol George Coudauld in memory ol h s recently deceased wife. The hosptalprovided ac- comrnodation for four men. four women and one child, with a smallmortuary and laundry tothe rear. The roadside faQade has an open timber gable with a dedication inscribed onto the tie-beam over t6 the heads of the lirsllloorwindows 'ln Memorium S.L C 1884'. A free-standing single-storey out- pat ents department was erected to the south BT16: Rayne Railway Sraro, t-]

it was to be converted into a school, bul this was BTIS WATER ILL not comp eted and it is now in residentral use. Alderford Slreel Sib e Hedingham 8T16 BAILWAY STATIOII T17a4339 Station Road, Rayne rL726224 0 * bul was exlended duflng the nrneleenth The newy tormed Great Eastern Railway bu lt the when il was adapted to steam miling. branch line lrom Bishop's Storllord lo Braintree in of 1872 records a newly erected engine e for store, oo er nouse ano sleam engrne, lo with the nec( ssary driving mechanisms to Rayne Slation is a smallversion of thls style, dat- two addition tl sets of stones. During the 1930s ing from 1866 and comprising: station maslers the steam er glne was dispensed wilh and a new accommodation; booking office; waiting roomi Rushton and Hornsbyo leng ne fitted. ln the I g50s porteis room: lamp room and toilels (although adrtr lswere aDa lhe Gents is a 1994 reconstruction). The brick hen se electric c platform survlves. The station is now the Flitch Way Visitor Centre and ranger base. ATIT WATERIILL Braintree Road, Shallord TL790295 * Wethersfield Mil comprises a possibly sixteenth century timber framed weather-boarded mil and a late nineteenlh century brick built range over a taking-in door at first floor level that is now glazed but retaining its boarded door. The brick built addition similarly has a taking-in door, 8T19.1 METAL WINDOW FACTORY now glazed, but retaining its boarded door the whlch rnc udes an erghteenth century slaDle, coach hor se and timber lramed barn and a mid nineteentl century m ll house built lo des gns by Fredric C ancellor. The mill and rnill house are AUS 17 only erghl survrung mrlls rn Essex lhal w€ with an overshot wheel. .1.1,.. l,',1 t,t. 1.. 8T22.5 MALTHOUSE ,* 8T22,3 ROAD BRIDGE

TL !',a-:r J +

8T22.4 ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 8T22.6 STATION FOOTBRIDGE FACTOBY -.t * TL a:a !a +

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BWI.I PUMPING STATION 0 0tsTErcT il .,..o,a *

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BW2 RAILWAY STATION

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BWI.3 MODEL FARM BW3 WINDMILL :]' .,. * tti-.r, I *

21 8W1 .1 : Gr6at Wahy Pumping Stauon CASTLE POI NT SEE PAGE 46 FOB MAP INCLUDING CASTLE POINT

CP1 PETROCHEMICAL WOBKS 1...

CP2 WATER TOWEB

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CHETMSFORO OISIBICI N N

CHELMSFORD

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22 CHELIf,SFOND

C1 STEAM MILL

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C2.2 WATERMILL

C2.1 BREWENY

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C2.3 WATER & STEAM MILL

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rl L' C2.3: Moulsham Mill, Chelnslotd 23 C2.5: Foiner Ball beating laclory in

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l,l lat right: C2.6: Main PD entance ol the Marconi Raclio factory in Chelmslotd C2.4 STEAM BOLLER MILL

, tne mill ano wlntn a 1 fL712075 am mill. He occupied ll n 1898 \ the century and was lol nry l\.4arriage, millers an( The newsteam powered 'r1i land so construct am millwas rebuilt in 18. )rled beoan in 1900 of tt elmer Steam Mill I

our unt I 1958when all o l\.4arriaqes Chelmer S

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wereo roller s presentlv

C2.4: Maniago millers

lt ll

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l lar ght: C2-7: The lirst Merconi Radio 24 II factory, built as a warehouse, L, in Chelmslotcl E+I I I - C2.5 ENGINEERING WORKS ---_:-: * m= =ffi H=E, "-fi =HtlHl I H',l--..T ut

faltered he sold il to Samuel Courtauld and Co. in 1865. Courlaulds used ll as a silk mill until 1894 when that business was also suffering from changes in the silk industry. lt then became irar- coni's first radio lactory from 1899 to 1912. Latterly C2.6 BADIO FACTORY it was the headquarters ol the Essex and Suffolk Water Co., but is now vacant along with the siie ol * lhe adjacent waterworks. A blue plaque records the association with Marconi C2.A WATERWOBKS Hall Street, Chelmslord T1709063 * The Chelmslord Local Board of Health set up in 1850 developed this site in the 1850s over an ar- tesian well and a 120,000-ga lon reservoir of brick and cement wilh a galvanised iron roof was built to store the water from this welland that at Burgess Well. The pumping station housed Galloway hori zontal boilers and two beam engines. The site ol the reservoir is nowempty, but the buildings oI the

C2.7 RADIO FACTORY

25 I

tj trn Er.l c2.12 CONDUTT H 1tti - I+

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C2.9 ELECTRICAL ENGINEEBING WOBKS ...'. C2.13 WATERWORKS tL/05r61 * ' II

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C2.1O ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING WORKS C2.14 RAILWAY VIADUCTS

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C2.16 NAVIGATION BASIN

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C6 ROAD BRIDGE

C3.,I BREWERY I* r r r.ra + I

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27 COLCT{E3?ER

COl WATEBWORKS r"i I .. ',1 i'j,1.:. I ',1

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tight: CO2.1 : Chappel Viaduct buifi by the Eagem

t. at Chappel and Wakes Colne Station on ihe operating Marks Tey to Sudbury Branch Line. The Sldbury line was opened n 1849 and this station was built soon after although it was greatly expanded in 1891 wrth new stalion buildings, stables, goods shed and staff coltages. The whole lne was threatened wlh closure rn CO2.i NAILWAY VIADUCT 1967 but this was cancelled and the PreseNa- alr,.lreslIr Board (l rirl)!e tion Society, which had been set up to operate fL89728/ the line, developed Chappel and Wakes Colne Station as steam cenlre, opening in 1971 Peter Bruff built Chapp aduct in 1847-9lor the a irost ol the original buildinos survive and olher Eastern Union Railwa' is 1163ft long, has a historic buildings have been re-erected on site. maximum heigt rl ol 80 rd has 32 semicircular . CO3.I BBEWEBY Maidenburgh Street, Colchester TL997253 I CO2.2 HERITAGE BAILWAY This is the site of the Daniel Brothers brewery which has dated and initialled bricks of 1876.

' r,r:!.i -.1 * Following a merger wilh lhe West Bergholt Brewery the business became known as Daniell H.- Brothers and Co.and brewing ceased here in fsr

t! I l, - 2A -=+ - CO2-2: East Anglian

at Chappel su

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c0t-c ER DISTRICT I I c0r2 I'I

1892, although lhe firm continued to kade at West the adjacent Eagle Brewery) in the early 1920s il Bergholt unliltaken over by Truman, Hanburyand conlinued to operate for a lew years unlil lhe site Buxlon and Co. Lld in 1958 and these prerises was sold to the CroMher Brothers for a clothlng were used as ofices unlrl se |ng ofl began rr factory. Mosl of the brewery was demolished in 1957. The brewery has been partdemolished and 1971 and allthat remain are the offices fronting converted to otlices while ihe former malihouse East Hill and the Goat and Boot Public House. is now in residenl a use. Externally the brewery CO3.3 BREWEBY retains some original features ncluding a louvred 74 East Hill, Colchester ventilator on the ridge, taking-in doors and a TMOCB252 * chimney. Christopher Stopes and Robert Hurnard com- CO3.2 BBEWEBY menced brewing on this site in 1828 (the date East Hill, Colchester appearing twce on the extant buildings) and by TMOO5254 * 1887, following a number of mergers, the busi- This is the site of what was probably the mosl ness was known as the Colchester Brewing Co. extensive brewery in Essex, now unfortunately Ltd. However, in 1882 Christopher and his son extensiveiy demolished with only the oltices HenryStopeshad designed and builtanew Eagle which fronted East Hill remaining. Built in 1871 Brewery on this site which Henry Stopes lurther by Charrington Nicholl and Co. on the site of an extended in 1888. By this time Christopher had ear ier brewery based in a former baymaker's died and Henry had established his own iirm of warehouse, this site developed intoan integrated brewers' engineers 'H. Stopes and Co.'and had brewery complex consisting ol a well, brewhouse, become an influentialligure in the world of malting mallhouses, fermentinq rooms, lunroom, offices, and brewing. The business continued to expand tap house, stables, cart sheds, cooperage, cask by take-overs including that of the adjacent East washing shed, bottle washing and chimneys all Hill Brewery ol Charrington Nicholl and Co. in 29 around the breweryyard. Eventuallytaken over by the early 1920s. However it too was taken over the Colchester Brewing Company (which owned by lnd Coope and Co. of Bomlord about 1925 CO3.5 WATERMILL l/ ",tr i J*

.rt

l-.1 g

c03.4 STGNAL BOX CO3.6 WATER TOWER

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top leh: CO3-3: Eagle Brcwery in Colcheslet

30 CO3-5: Boume Mill Colchester l:.

CO3.7 PUMPING STATION L r ,.i r*

C03.A DUTCH OUARTER by wrought iron lamp posls with lamps. There lrrlr,.,a: * is an iron baluslrade between the pillars.

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CO3.9 ROAD BRIDGE

-.t t { i-i CO3.1O BOAD BRIDGE I TL'ir ,, ir.3 J +

CO3.1o:-- Plaque on East Bridge, Colchestet ------CO3.11: East Mill

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CO3.11 WATEB AND STEAM MILL

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rng reservorrs, pumprng slE estate. Itwas developed by I re then Soutf Waterworks Co. in the late 1930s, water abslracted irom the River S C04.1 WEAVERS' COTTAGES the trealment worlG beiore Derng sloreo Abberton impounding reservoir (NGR TL98 Ihe principal structure on lhe site is the ',lnai'.i. r + house and pumping hall built in the lnternatona Modern L4ovement archtectural style. The resl lhe site consi! SSeNOirSand Ot outh perimeter he sile is what is described l, ri , r !r il', r .L

C04.2 WATERMILL CO5.2 WATERMILL '',larai.. r ,r . , r L Ml!211a"; r* e-o

mushroom rarm. When this ceased in 1960s all the machinery was removed lt is a three-storey )uiding, timberframed and weath er--boarded wth i central lucam and a Mansard r'oc co6 BRrcK woRKs

CO7 WATER TOWEB

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+ CO9.2 PUMPING STATION

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CO9.2: Pumping station atTiptree COIO WATEI ILL CO13.1 WATER TOWER Wakes Streel, Wakes Colne TL892284 * ,+ Wakes Colne Mill dates from the mid nineteenth century as both a corn and oil mill and it operated as awater powered corn mill until 1945 when electric power was introduced and it also setued as a coa merchant's depot. The mill is a three-storey brick buiding with a slate covered hipped lvlansard rool and forms a group ol buildings with the lormer oil mill, granary and mill house and all are now in residential use. COI I BREWENY Co chesler Road, West Bergholt T1967276 * CO13.2 QUAY Thomas Daniellwas brewing on farms adjacent to this site beiorethe mid nineteenth centuryand the ' I* brewery developed during the rest ol the cenlury inlo an extensive brewery complex with house, brewhouse, bottling plant, malthouse, stables and a chimney. ln 1889 Scamell and Colyer, brewers' architects, were responsible for additions lt remained in the Danie lfamily undervarious names and was Danieland Sons Breweries Ltd when taken over by Truman, Hanbury and Buxton and Co. Ltd. in 1958 Brewing ceased in 1959 the site .. i:,. . then being a regiona office and depot until 1986. Demoltion ol some ol the complex was followed by conversion of the rema nder into res dential units. The two-storey malthouse suNives, but its conversion to oliices use has resulted in the loss ol distinguishing features. cor2 waTEF ?owEn Upland Road, West l\,,lersea CO13.3 BAILWAY STATION TM0r2131 * Built in 1924 lhis water tower is in the campanile style with ihe tower in mulli-colour bricks wilh a blue brick p inth. The iron tank is palnted red oxide colour having a copper'covered paviion roof with a wooden turret, tself hav ng a copper covered pavilon roof with weathervane on the apex. Atthe l ril tank levelare now a number of antennae used in ',i i the modern communications industry. One of five campanile stye water towers identified in Essex.

34 EPPII{G FONEST

EI IIODEL FAIII Nether Streel, Abbess Roding T1578109 * A larm existed on this site lrom at least the seven, teenlh century as evidenced by the survival ol a t mberframed, weather-boarded barn of that date. Longbarns Farm was largely rebuilt in the early nineteenth century its design be ng inlluenced by the contemporary ph losophy of the model farm. The nineteenth centurycomplex is U-shaped and consisted of cattle sheds, cart sheds, stable, a timber lramed barn and farm office E2 BEEWENY Market P ace, Abr dge T0466968 * This is the site of the lormerAnchor Brewery dating lrom the mid nineteenth century. Alterations were made to the malthouse and brewery lor Hurdle and Wileman in 1894 by Harrap and Dutfield, a London pracl.ce of brewers consLrlling engrneers and architects. Aflera numberofchanges of own- ership, the brewery was bought byWh tbread and Co. Ltd. in 1898, and brewing probably ceased soon afterthis, Whilbreads using the site as a local delivery depot unl l 1922 The complex consisted r oflhe mallhouse, brewhouse, tap house -The Blue Fj 1 a,|rir_c 11.rlr 1.rr.r Boar - and a numberofother struclures, allaround E3,I WATER TOWEB a cobb ed yard accessed under an arch to lhe l! "l t ':: r ,!l nonh olthe public house The malthouse remains l L.1a:i| ri + as does The Blue Boar and some structures to .. the rear ol the pub c house, the resi having been .. rli' ..a .i/, .. I ;, ll. , al:, re-developed as housing. ii ..rL rri:r _.t i:_

{ .* I

35 E3.2i Oulhouses at Bicdield Cotlages single track During the post-war nationalisation ol the railways, the Ongar branch became part of London Transport's Central Line, although initially it was only eleckilied to Epping, steam shuttles operating 1o Ongar until electrification in the 1950s. The CentralLineJrom Epping toOngar E3.2 WORKERS' HOUSING was closed in 1994 but re-opened in May 2012 as a heritage railway - 1,. the Epping and Ongar Railway. Ongar Siatlon retains its 1865 statlon rLr,,, i I t building and also one of only two Footwarmer Houses surviving in Essex, buill in 1896. Other stations on the branch are Blake Hall [fL523038) and Nodh Weald (T1497037) E7.r STOBT l{AYtGlTtOl{ Roydon T1391092 cl * The Stort Navigation runs from the Fielde's Weir junction wilh Lee Navigation to Bishop's Stortford in Hertlordshire and constitutes for much of i1s E4 WATERMILL length the County boundary between Essex and Hertlordshire. The Stort Navigation Acl 1766 (an earlier Act of 1759 was not implemenled) was sponsored bySir George Duckett (formerly Jack- ..1 son) and Thomas Adderley (an inn keeperoi Bish- op's Stortford) and the work involved the dredging oltheriverStortand construction oI15locksover its 13 mile course. lt was opened ln 1769, but did ..

I i rl

E5 COAL DUTY BOUNOARY MARKER

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E6 RAILWAY STATION

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E5: Coal Boundary Market at Nazeing I L'S EPPIIIG OISTNICI I HARI.OW DISTNICI II' -

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not prosper going through a number of private E7.3 WORKERS' HOUSING hands before being sold to the Lea Conservancy Board in 1911 which re-conskucted il. Today it is : ):'.'' + usedrorpleasurecruising, anewmarinahasbeen recenlly constructed al Roydon. E?.2 WATERIIILL Ofi High Street, Boydon TL403103 * Water mills are recorded on this sitefrom the time of the Domesday Book, the curent building dal ing from the early nineteenth century lt has lour storeys with adoublepile l\.4ansard roof, the lower two sloreys built ol yellow brick and the two up- .l per storeys timberjramed and weather-boarded. ll has a slate roof and there is one lucam with a taking-in door belovv and the canopy of another E7.4 RAILWAY STATION hoist survives above a taking-in door on the first floor. During conversion to residential use the TL :rrrir r. I t turbine and all internal gearing, fixtures and fit- tings were removed. Thewheel pit and culverting .. remain but river water is now channelled through a modern pipe to the mill tail. The detached mill house ot similar date is limber framed and built over two storeyswith ahipped slate roof. The Stort '37 Navigation runs close by. E9 MALTHOUSES Sheering Lower Road, Shee T1491148

ilreal E. .r'er|r lJ.l ,,/:r,, rar ir,1r( lr aar,

me nonnern one rs tne gp I hi Pneumal c maltho!S€ has b I ,i]|r ,Lf(l i,ia:r , traalt!r,.l loa]l :r.r':r"

ind 11s€ r'ed by n 1983 E8 MALTHOUSES nl al us ewonn ETO WATEBMILL T1489148 o* Romford Boad. Stanlord Bivers mber of mid to late nine- T1551010 es which lie between the Littlebury Hal N,4lllis a part brick, part t mbe rnd the Stort Navigation

rnd Hertfordshire). A numberofthem at the nr )f the site form aJ-shaped complexof live or n rttached three storey malthouses datinq irom nouse are sel asl 1860s an( ithere is a separal mi I race. The mill to the sou and used to preF end of th( sll( a laler muh-slorey malthouse Littlebury Hall Fa hree storev cenlral area ior lhe

each end, the pyramidal kiln ch mneys surviving wheel house, the turb ne, wallower/crown wheel

ilA il CO ril 5i )D conversion to a new use

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HABLOW

Harlow New Town was developed aiter the Second World War following the New Towns Act ot 1946 as an overspilltownto ease overcrowding in London, along with other orbital developments such as 'ti' Basildon. Srr Frederick Gibberd drew up the mas- H1.I MALTHOUSE ter plan in 1947and the New Town incorporated a number of villaqes plus the market lown ol Hadow, now known as Old Harlow. Harlow is divided inlo a number ol seltsupporling residential neighbouF 39 hoods plush,vo separate industria areas, original manufacturing including a biscuit factory and a Hl-A: Faltimo@s modal

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H1.5 WATER ANO STEAM MILL

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M2.4 WORKERS' HOUSING M2,7 MALTHOUSE

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M2.5 WORKERS' HOUSING . * M2.B HEYBRIDGE BASIN

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I I I I I Ill i., f, g il ' rj I 1;r- iI' m 5 !t iEil 42 r.Af H*l M2.7 : Seltcote multhouse - Heybridge MALDON

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M5.1 WATER AND STEAM MILL

M3 WATER PUMPING STATION

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M5.4 WATER TOWER

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44 M5.6: fhe teminus station al Maldon M6 MODEL FARM

-T-TI T-TTN

M7: Tinber Bilway Uidga at Wiclham Bi'hop M7 TIMBER TRESTLE BBIDGE The longest and more northerlycaled lVil Stream , viaducl was bullt some 50011. long and fordoLrble I* track, thesmaller one was 160 tt. long. ln 1854lhe linewas singledand both bridges were reduced in width. ln the 1920sthe norlhern one was reduced in length to 150 tt by extending the embankment on the northern side. Both viaducts have suNived, were restored in 1995 by Essex County Council and are Scheduled Ancient lVonument. ROCHFORD SEE PAGE 46 FOF MAP INCLUDING ROCHFORD

R1 BRICK WOBKS lhe tallest remaining windmill in Essex. Milling by wind power ended in the early twentieth century, being replaced first by an oil engine and then in 1937 by eleckicity. Externalythe sails, fantailand . l.'r, il. stage have been restored by the Council, but lt t'): l lacks internal machinery so does not operate. lt is open to the public. B' BRIGI( WOBKS Cherry Orchard Lane, Rochford TO860900 R2 TIDE MILL This brick works opened in 1890 and has had a number of different operators including the L4ilton t)1,: )'1, ,.1 + Hall (Southend) BrlckCompanyand most recenlly Hanson's. There have been a maximum ol six . .,,i 1 intermittent downdraughl kins on the site, the earliest dating from 1900, two irom 1931 and two from 1962. Latterlythe kilnswere oilfired. There is a narrow gauge light railwayunder CherryOrchard Lanelrom theclaypits inio lhe brickworks.ln front of the brick works and lacing Cherry Orchard Lane are eight houses for employees which were built c1900. The site only recently ceased operaton and the structures survive as production may R3 WINDMILL start again.

'l: , -l * 45 SourHEtaD olt sEA

S2.2 SAIL LOFT

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S2,3..S2.2 ct' S2,l .sr S3.2. .53.1 [0cIt0RD DtsrRtcT SOU TH ETD. clsllt PotxT 0tsrBtcr 0r,5tl s0 uTlt E i 0 -0 t-sEA 23a5 tr[Es 46 KILOMEIEFS threat of tota closure of the pie. These events from the promenade to thetown avo d ng asteep have necess tated a number ol refurbishrnents clmb. The single car runs on a 4ft 6 nch gauge to bring the who e p er back nto ful use and the Irack, under wh ch rs a 1 ll I nch Irack which ca'lies buiding of a new 3 foot gauge ra lway. the counteMeight. l\,4odern saton hastaken p ace '1930 S3.2 CLIFF LIFT in 1959 and 1990, the car being rep aced on each occasion. Western Esp anade Southend-on-Sea T0882851 tr * The cliff lft was opened on August Bank Holiday n 1912 as a means of eas ly transporting visitors

TET{DRING

TEI.I WATENMILL TEI.3 SiIIALL HOLDIIIGS Spring Va ley Lane, Ardle gh Various addresses, Ardle gh and Lalvford T[,4038277 * Tlv0629 Tt\,10831 * ln 1777 there was a ful ng rnil on this ste which influenced by the Carnegie UK Trust, the Land was ater converted 1o corn miling. ln the m d Settlement Assoc ation Ltd. (LSA) was lounded 1800s t was converted to steam power wth an in 1934 wth the aim ol prov d ng work on small elgrne ho-se fo ll-e boler d^d bearr engrne holdings ior unemployed ndustrial workers such athough it retained its cast iron overshot water as miners, pr nc pa ly from the north of England. wheel lt was used ior grnding and crushing ln each scheme exsting agrcultural and was beans unt I 1938, was derelict by 1966 but was divded nto pots of varying sizes and houses, g piggeries poul then privateLy restored. Spring Valey N,4ill is out-bu d ngs, ass houses, and part brick and part t mber framed and weather- try huts were bu t. Roads and a central storage boarded m ll with a tlled mansard roof and an and adm n strat ve centre were establshed the extant lucam. lt is currenty in a poor state ol latter usua ly based on a pre-existing larm. The p ots and hence the houses were strung out at repair and a building at r sk, although one ol a ntervas roads. few in the county not converted to other uses and wide along the frontage ol the contanrng most oi ts machinery nclud ng one of 25 ol these eslates were establ shed nat ona ly, ony two extanl overshot wateMheels the other with two created in Essex. The houses were de- s gned by architects Pak ngton and Enthoven to being Bourne N,4 ll, Co chester provde adequate accommodation as cheaply TEI.2 STEAM MILL as possib e according to the requirements ol Road, Ardle gh Station the Hous ng Act. The [,4inistry of Agrculture look TM053291 * over the Ardleigh and Lawford estates in 1948 Th s c1850 mil is one of the ear est m lls n the and these were then soLd, mainy to the tenants, county purpose-buit for steam power Known as although the LSA market ng operation at La\r'ford Phoenix Mil t is close to the lpswich Colchester continued to be successlu well into the second ra lway Line and was served by a siding. The m ll haf oi the century. ceased grinding n about 1910 and was lattery rE2 LIME KILiI nursery used as a warehouse ior an adjacent Quay Lane, Beaumonlcum-Moze becoming disused by 1987 and now converted tr * to offices. The site also consists of a two-storey TM19o24o is an artiiic cut at the stable/granary build ng and a mil house. Beaumont Quay on al 4? western end of Hamford Water built ln 1832. The ony buildlngs to suryve are the quay, a store TE3.2 SAIL LOFTS

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TE3.1 BBEWERY TE4.I SEASIDE PIEB

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.Tt13 opp.Eile: top lefi- rE4.2: s,gnel aox at .TE3.l cLACTOit. .IE3.2 ON.SEA Cleclon{,n-Sea Station .1a4.2 pMo: Chns Cek Cotsction .rr4.1 top tight: fE5.1 : TEt0nttc 0 tsTR tc T 4A The water towet al Dovercoui lat right: TE6.1: HeMich Ha'penny Piat llr rrl

r ml I Illl llil llll

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I .,it.l . t ... r . r t . l' f i_-,; TE5.I WATER TOWER depanure point lor paddle sleamers untilatterihe * Frrsl World War Originally the pier was twrce as long as the present one but one hall burnt down rn 1927. The Pier Ticket Olfice is a charming example of late nineteenth century architecture and now housesthe Ha'penny Pier Visitor Centre The pier also accommodates the lifeboat house for the RNLI inshore rescue boat.

TE5.2 LIGHTHOUSES * |!]lri.li,lllr ,,l,ir r + ' :raatli:l r' ,.. .:r : ..

i TE6.1 PIEB Hr*H T-m J J* '-il!l E 49 TE6.4 TREADWHEEL CRANE rt, , , I *

TE6.2 LIGHTHOUSE

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TE6.5 CINEMA r' r TE6.3 LIGHTHOUSE -l

above left: fE6-2: J{ Low Lighthouse,

tl II tt f, al !l Y ri rT t a i la :-=l 50 J fE6.5: The Electdc Palace Cinarne TE6.6 TRIl{ITY HOUSE DEPOT framed rril cotlage. The mil building is d sused The Quay Harwich and is one of the few in the County to have not rM25A327 * been converted to other uses. Tlin ty House Depotwas established in Harwich n TEA.I MALTHOUSE 1812 and t s now the operat ona Headqualrers North Street, I\.4anningtree for England and Waes both having previousy Ttv106319 * been n London. The present otfices were buit in A I that remains oi a mid nineteenth cenlury ex- 2005, when a new BuoyYard was a so constructed tensive malthouse complex are two red br ck two n George Street. slorey ki ns surmounted bywooden ventiator tow- TE6,7 TBAI FEBRY PIER ers Modern f ats occupythe site of the malthouse The Quay, Harw ch but the converted k lns have been retained as a rM25732A * landscape feature in a sett ement where the malt industry was once important. HaMichwas atrain ierry porl fortheContinent and the train ferry pier was erected here n 1924 con- TE8.2 iIALTHOUSES s sting of asecond hand gantryfrom Richborough The Wa ls lvlanningtree and a second hand ink span from Southampton. TM109318 * Now no onger n use it remains dere ict n the There were orgina y e ght mathouses on this Tr n ty House Depot s te, built by Edward Norman between 1806 and TE7.i WATERWONKS '1828. Onlythree survive one on the road frontage lvlil Hil. LaMord and two further back on the s te whlch are I nked Tl\i1104315 * by two surviving large pyramida k lns. The whole site has been redeveloped for hous ng the three Tendring Hundred Waterworks Co or gina ly oper- survVing malthouses and two kilns having been ated in lMistey, but in the eary tlventieth century converted to res dential use. buit a seNice reseruoir on ths ste. ln 1905 the company moved lrom N/ st eyto anewwateMorks TEA.3 ii|ILEPOST here with lurther expansion dur ng the '1920s and Station Road, lVanningtree T930s. This s an extens ve site with a number of Tl\.1105318 tr * structures oi various ages ref ect ng the stages of A cast ron rni epost of 1834 record ng the deveopmenl, ncludng a modern but archtec- distances from N,4anningtree to London 60, turally sympathetc offce block At the entrance HaMich, 12 and Colchester L lt haslhe foundefs stands ared brick, tie rooled single storey bu lding mark Bendall, iron and brass iounder, p ough and with terracotta plaques moulded wth the nitals machne make( La!/ord Essex 1834 Laulord THVWCo and ihe date 1908 There are hro arge lronworks was founded by O. Bendallearly n the pump houses that have the dist nclive ong round nlneteenth century and later became JRI\,4 F tch, headed windows and both have c ereslory roofs. which closed n 1971 and was then demolished. TE7.2 MILEPOST HaMich Road Law4ord TM082310 tr * A cast iron milepost record ng the distances from Lawford to London, 58, Harwch 14 and Colchester 7. lt has the foundeas mark O. Bendall Engineer Lawlord 1893. TE7.3 WATERMILL - .:!t Mi Hi I LaMord TM0783r7 * Sh rburn l\,4i1 is the survivor of two watermils on this site the upper mill having been demolished in 1921. lt was buit in the late eighteenth century and is of three storeys, timber framed and 'r weather-boarded on a brick base. The overshot 5l exter or wheelwas removed n 1937. Also on site are the mill house and a sixteenth cenlury timber fEB 3: l lepast at lv,lanntngtee company seltlement providing workers' housing, a school, an inn, a Methodist Chapel and Robert Free s own house, The flms. Mrslley remans an important port and much of the Rigbys'and Free's developments survive. TEg.I ]{ALTHOUSE High Streel, [,1istley TM119318 * l\,4istley became a major centre of lhe late nineteenth century malt industry and relalns TE9.2: EDME naning sile, MisW some of the best preserved malthouses in the iIISTLEY counly. There is also a purpose built quay, an ornate railway station stock brick- Mistley is a planned industrialport (and later spa) architecturally setllement of the early eighteenth century estab- built otfices and workers terraces. Known as No.1 , lished by Richard Bigby (1690 - 1730). As well this large red brlck-built malthouse complex, built as renovating existing properties, Rigby buill new by Free, Bodwell and Co between 1896-7, has houses along the High Street, made allerations to three storeys to the High Street sade and eight quayside. pair the quay, built a newship-yard, coalyards, granary storeys to the A of five storey and two malthouses, and provided community pyramidal kilns stand to the east of the main block. facilities such as the Thorne lnn ot 172415 As Bobed Freewas oneollhe leading entrepreneurs industry expanded, population increased and the ol the late nineteenth century industry and his pioneering need lor more houses became evident and in the ideaswere reflected inlhelechnology 1760s Richard Rigby's son (also Richard, 1722 - used in lh,s and olher [,4rslley mallhouses 1788) buill 12 cottages on The Green, and in the TE9.2 IIALTHOUSE 1770s he demolished and repaired many of the High Skeet, Mistley buildings h s father built, including the wholesale T11117317 * replacement oi two quayside malthouses with Known as No. 2, lhis five-storey malthouse now one larger building. N,4any of the buildings in ihe lorms part ot onlythree operaiing malt complexes village including the church (now the two f,'llstley in Essex (the others being Crisp's adjacent in Towers) and the iountain were designed by Robert Mistley and Bairds'at Witham) and was built Adam. Mistley developed during the second hall by lhe Free, Bodwell and Co in 1893. Adjacent ol the nineteenlh century to become one of the was the site ol the English Diastatic Malt Exlracl major centres iorlhe mall industry serving the vast Company founded in 1881 by, amongst others, barley growing areas of East Anglia and supply- Robert Free and being known by that name ing London and other major brewing centres via from 1884 and as EDME Ltd lrom 1897. EDI\,E sea and rail links. Seven multi-storey malthouses produced diastatic (enzyme rich)malt extract and incorporating technological innovations patented syrups for the breweries, and mali llour lor lhe by Robert Free and built by Free, Rodwelland Co bakery industry but as demand for their products were in operalion at the industry's peak. Robert lrom the breweries declined EDME produced Free established New Mistley, a purpose built ingredients and equipment lor the home brew trade ln 1941 EDlvlE rented No.2 mathouse to !I produce malt for Free, Rodwell and Co and in 1975 following the acquisition of Free, Rodweli i aI and Co byAllied Breweries, EDME purchased No. .l 2 malthouse. The original ma thouse was builtwith I pneumatic (one a, a ,t rt drum malt kilns ofonlytwo Essex i I malthouses that contained drums for pneumatic I T D ri LI II malling) but these were apparently unsuccessful rll\q !: t. t I and replaced by kaditional kilns. These kitnswere Ii removed during the 1950-60s, t I It to be replaced rh I t: trt nr by malt drums, a system similar to the original 52 il rrtIr,,. pneumatic kilns. EDNIE had stopped matting on t.- j fi k site by the end of 1994 and ctosed down No.2. TE9.1: Mallhouse, High Street, Mistley By 1999 the company stopped producing malt were built by Richard RigbySnr lorthe people rrytro worked at the port of Mist ey and ils industrles. There are two terraces oi houses on either side of TEg.3 MALTHOUSES the High Streei, nineon the north side and e ght on the south. The Green is a terrace ol 12 cottages ., :.'. * buill by Richard Rigby Jnr. in the lale eighteenlh century. TEg.a WOnKEnS' HOUSTNG I i , , ll : : Beckford Road, N/istley TMi2o3i6 * The purpose buill company settlement of New Mistley was developed in the late nineteenth century by Robert Free to provide workers' hous-

..i, ir I ng a school, an nn a Methodisl Chapeland the his own house The Elms The original housrng is ln Beckford Road, Armagh Terrace, Rigby Boad, Pleasant Place and James Terrace, all being ter- TE9.4 MALTHOUSES races of two-up, two-down Victorian cottages. Stour Cottages are the most decorative, lhe others being lower status dwdlings. Although there lln:":il| + have been some external alterations this group of houses largely maintains its character and the layout of the settlement is un-dislurbed. rEIO INDUSTBIAL SETTLEUENT Parkeston fM237322 * f.l ,,r' Parkeston ('Parkes Town', named atter the company Director, Charles. H. Parkes), n common with settlements at Silver End and East Tilbury was purpose built by industry, in this case the TE9.5 MODEL FABM Great Eastern Railway (GER), to provide adequate and local accommodation for its employees. The Lrt.|i| + GER decided to relocate its shipping interests from Harwich and consequently bullt ils own deep-water quay al Ray lsland, now known as Parkeston Quay, where from 1879 - 1893 it built the new quay, warehouses, a railway goods yard, a hotel and a slation ior GER passengers. 'l The town of Parkeston was built to the south ol the quay to house up to 600 peop e and provide a primary and secondary school, Anglican and ,a".u [,/ethodist churches, a village hall, Co-operative "ooo "",ooa store, lire station, a hotel and a sports ground. GER also supplied electrical power to the entire I t.t ,r:t:t ll -l estate sourced irom its own power station within l ': the quay. The houses are grouped wilhin clearly defined hlerarchical/social zones with a distinct norlh and south divide. [,lanagers'and middle managers' housing lies within the northern half ol TEg.7 WORKERS' HOUSING thetown and comprise semi-detached houses or smalldetached groups ol houses with gardens. 53 I t,r' r it3l3 + The lower status housing comprised basic 2-up, 2-down type terraces to the south oi the town. \

n TE14.1 SEASIDE PIEB I+

TE1 1 WINOMILL

+ TE14.2 IRONWORKS

,,1 *

TE12 MALTHOUSE '+

TE13 TIOE MILL

_t+

54 THURBOGK

T t2

T7.1 T3.1 .11.2 t3.2 .Tll irr.2.T7 3 TILAU RY THUREOCX l)ISTRICT T T1,3. r IM[ TSlttg.2 II I( T1.1 SHOE FACTORY

TI.3 FORT

', Il.i -l+

T1.2 COMPANY MOOEL V I LLAGE

ir,rl r:ai i L -l + T2 OIL BEFINEBIES .*

pholo T 1 .2: Bata Shoe Co housing, East Tilbury Essex cc Tt .2: Bata Shoe Co housing at East lilbury proloi Esser C C

oil reiinery complex, this sile has a vared and rl interesting hlstory. ln 1897 G. Kynoch & Co Lld, ammunition manufacturers, developed lhis agricultural site after they had diversilied into explosives production, including Kynite. Known lrom that date as Kynoch Lld, lhey chose the site lor its remoleness and accessibility by shipping. ln 1898 they built 34 statf houses, a schooland lnstitute n a community which was known as Kynochtown, adding a further four houses in 1901/2 This was T3.2 WORKERS' HOUSING not enough and a further 51 houses were built in Corringham, bricks being supplied by a brick 't'.at works established on the Kynoch site. The Cor ringham Light Railwaywas sanctioned in 1899 to linktheLondon,TilburyandSouthendRailwaywith the works and Corringham lvhere some oflhe slatl lived. Although Kynoch's expanded to meet extra demand during the First World War, it closed in 1919 and the whole site including the railway and houslng was sold to Cory Bros. who wanted the site for oil refining and distribution - Kynochtown became CoMon, the explosives works having been demolished. Predecessor companies of T4 WOOL MARKET what became t\4obil in 1955, took over the site in 1950 and in 1970 demolished Coryton village ,, _ tt r in order io create space for the expansion ol the refinery, and the light railwaywaswound up, whal .. 1,.:l physically survived of it becom ng part of the refinery's internal rail system. T3.I GHALK OUARATES T5 PUMPING STATION Warren Lane. Grays TQ€0078S (Centre) tr * _l* The Grays area of south Essex is the location of the upper chalk outcrops and was the centre of lhe chalk quarrying industry and the devetopment ,- | ot the cemenl nd-slry wth sJch companies as the Portland CementCo, Blue Circle and Lalarge. 56 Development oI the quarrying began in the mid j 1800s and the area saw experiments with new lechnologies such a rotary kitns. Wjth the cessa- T7.3 WORKERS' HOUSING

; It i -'1 I TA WORKERS' HOUSING i i'r"ri,,': r , ,,' . ,, r.r ,,lr jr,:::rril t,*

T6 WINDMILL

T9.1 POWER STATION

rtr, r ,, + T7.I WORKERS' HOUSING

I T7.2 WORKERS' HOUSING trl., j t ,rtl r + I I @

T7.2 : Botany Cofiages, P ulleet T9.2 FORT aong the rivers de,lhewallswere reinlorced and Fort Road Tibury earth was embanked on the outs de to protect the T0650753 tr * brickwork from the effect of newer high veloc ty quns. was Thefirst permanentfort atTiburywas buit n 1539 The original blockhouse demolshed and it was re nforced during the Armada Work around 1867 and the nineteenlh century devel started on the current fort in 1670 the origina opments were partly buit over pr or to the First blockhouse being retained and surrounded by a World War with concrete emplacements and pentagona delens vewal wth prolecting bastions magazines. Bomb damage in the Second World and an earth and brick gun line along the river War destroyed the eighteenth century sold ers' bank. Compieted in 1682 malor ieatures include oarrack olocl. but l^e ottcers terrace survveS an impos ng Water Gate which s extant, and No onge'requrred a'ler 1950. lhe lol is now i' two arge powder magazines buit n 1712. Ihe the care oi English Heritage. nineteenth century saw extensive re modelling

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u17.1-31 GREAT .UI6 Duxitow rro, ut3 uto.tl 'urg uiz 'u103

u6.r 7

58 UTTTESFORO OISINICT E UILES - - UTTLESFORD UI AND U2 TUNNELS I d{ *

U2: Lwebury Tunnal entrance arge centralcowshed. Post-war there have been U3 MODEL FARM alterations inc uding conversions assoclated with :::: inlensive pig-rearing and the barn and dairy have been demolished. u4 wtt{DiflLL ' Gunners Green, A,,thorpe Rod ng T1590152 The largest remaining post mi I ir in the 177( s the firsl re n llrL a \: nd oower. U5.I TREADWHEEL & WELL HOUSE l, ..r,..41(,,' lr, ,,1 Err.l-!' ?l ili TL46:x}()3 Seventeenth century ( l-powered lread- wheel, 15 feet by 3 fe a 3 foot wooden winding drum over aI 130 well. Enc osing timber-framed building is tiled and weather- \\ boarded and in two stages, the upper havlng been built to exactly accommodate the circumference T i- U5.2 MALTHOUSE .. 1l lL lrr:ijrt: + E af

U4: Windnil at Aythorpe Roding U6.1 AREWERY

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, rt ti .. U6.2 WATERMILL U 1O.I MALTHOUSE

, i:. ' ] -l*

1':a ) r.r ,r'. , . r.,, I ,l f.l , ,,11. ll . ,,.1: I I

U7 WATEBMILL il I .l.xi iitr J +

U 1 O.2 BBEWEBY *

, , rl' ' r,r'i il 1.. ," t , :r:: .1. I 'l' UA MODEL FARM

U 1O.3 WOBKHOUSE lr- .ti U9 BBEWERY ' .,.t I + 60 * U10.1: at Grcat^,4aithause Dunnow

I I I room; a ll-shaped courtyard range contatning the sold by the Aud ey End Estate and have since bulk of the res dential accommodation and serv remained in prvate hands, unused apart lron'l ice blocks a four storey centra b ock with three as storage. storey w ngsi and two terraces of ate n neteenth UI2 CROSSING KEEPER'S HOUSE century staii houses Folowng closure in 1914 High Cross Lane, Ltl e Caniield the workhouse was used as army and relugee b llets, and later a prisoner of war camp. ln 1932 T1603213 * the bu ldings were so d and converted into flats Th s crossing keeper s house was buit for the and houses and eary example of adaptive re- opening oi the B shop's Stortlord, Dunmow and use bul the buildings retan most ofthe principle Braintree branch and is of smilar desgn but components and external integrity has not been sma ler sca e than the stat on bu lding at Take ey. compromrsed by the residential conversion UI I.I ROAD ARIDGE Wa den Road, Ltt ebury T15183S6 0 * Th s cast iron sing e-span road bridge was buil in 1B5B by Henry Stock, the County Surveyor. The main beam on both sides is marked Littleburv I Br dge Erected lVDCCCLV|ll. I UI I.2 WATERMILL I\,4 ll Lane, L tt ebury T1518395 * Kings L4 lland l\,4illHouse date fromthe late eighteenth century and were once part of the Audley End Estate. lt was water powered unti around 1859 when a steam engine was introduced and il ceased millng around c1924 after which t was converled Io .esroerlral use Ihe s(e comprises a arge three and a half storey t mber lramed, weather-boarded mi i with a Mansard roof and a three storey m!l house with a lvlansard roof. The wateMheel had been removed but e ements oi machinery iraming and six pairs of French 6l m llstones survive, athough nothing survives of Ul 3: Ihe 1938 reinforced concrcte watet towet at the steam plant. In '1977 the mill and house were Little Dunmow The Countess of WaMickof near by Easton Lodge Lla bu ll fas-on I odqe r l'6rc n 1895'or he'v s - tors use, athough t was also a pub ic halt ut3 waTEn rowEn Homeye Chase Little Dunmow TLU9223 * A Reinforced concrete water tower of 1938 in a "( moderniststyle. ltcomprisesacirculartanksup- _l ported on an octagonalcore and eight columns, with ring beams at ground and tank sotfit level from wherethere areties back to the centralcore. Windows on the central core are metalrramed. UI4.I BRTDGE TOLL U1 4-2: The makhouse at Newporl HOUSE'{EWPOBT UI5 BEFRESHMENT AREA Belmont H ll Newport Cambr dge Road, Ouendon rt521344 * T1s14303 tr * Athough on the Essex & Herts. Turnpike Trust This site consisls of a drinking lountain under turnpike road, aterthe A1T, this tol house was a a tile covered wooden canopy supported by prvate one for colect ng tols for passing over the wooden posts, wh ch, according tothe nscript on prvately owned bridge. Trmber-framed and wth was presented to the peope of Quendon and p aster decoration there sasurvvngto board Ricking Green'ln Memor arn'by HenryArchibald ng the payab e. detai tols Tulne I in T887. Adjacent is a drinking trough lor

UI4.2 MALTHOUSE horses both be ng on the side of the former 41 1 . Stat on Road, Newporl ut6,t GAs woRKs TL522336 * Thaxted Road, Saffron Walden An 1854 comp ex of one three-storey malthouse T1544384 + p us a two-storey bu d ng that was stab es, stor The gas works here were one of the earlest in age and offices. The malthouse s brick bu lt, wth Essex buit in 1836 A I that remains are two red weather-boarding above f rst floor leve at thewest br lt bu ldings llanking the roads de entrance and east ends, a lucam mid-way a ong the south ck bu faqade and two tile clad con ca kiln ch mneys at to the former works. The two storey manager s plaster the easl end. The storage bui d ng is at 90" to the house has adecorative facade to the road malthouse, para e 1o the adjacent ralway line wth p lasters and an 1836 date-stone. The single at Newpo( stat on. A siding was prov ded via a storey skucture, which may have housed the tra ing point from the down I ne oi the ma n GER retorts is truncated to the east and the ful heght Cambr dge line to the west s de of the storage br ck arches on the ong wal s have been b ocked buid ng. Arch tecturalembe ishment on the road s de has r-e i'scriptro.s OAS WOcKS ano 1836.

-E.I a a 't

62 Ul4-1 above. Newpon Bndge tolthouse seMng a privat e ly ownecl bidge- right: Deteil of the totl baard showing the tariff. il I 1f

U16.2 WATER TOWER

lL ).ll.] ili t

I ) U 1 6.3 MALTHOUSE U16-2: Watet lowea Sallrcn Walden L:rllSa + 'l

U16.6 TEXTI LE WAREHOUSE *

U16.4 MALTHOUSE

Ltilt.r + :. - l.l.ll

U1 6.7 WEAVERS' COTTAGES

U16.5 BREWERY r'l' , rii iaa *

. .r_ l ."r - L industry The fronl elevation presents two-storeys 33 . r..lr .. . ..rr, ,''. )ri L and a sma basement window, while the rear extension shows three complete storeys, the land t rl I Iili( ! t I

'l.i .. l ,,ir: r , 'it '. i. U1 6.4 WEAVERS' COTTAGES U16.12 RAILWAY STATION +

..1 .1ll U16.9 WOBKEBS' HOUSING : +

,it, ,:' UI6.1 3 DRINKING FOUNTAIN l* U'I 6.1 O WORKERS' HOUSING

' t.

U l6.I l WEIGHBRIDGE

Lt,it,r t

Ul 6.1 1 : Weighbndge at Sallron Watcten coocts yatd lar left: U16.9: Wo*e6 housing at A Safhon walclen left: U16-1O: Artisan s Dwallings at l1 Salfrcn Walden (n= 7t E E I Tllu

Ul6.12: Sallrcn Walden - Railway Statton : U16.14 WORKHOUSE U 17.3 MALTHOUSE , * . ...:il ,'

.].'',.'

U I7.1 WINDMILL

' ".1

U17.2 FEFRESHMENT AREA

T1510251 A late nineteenth ce

he canopy has four laces each witl arms and one with 'Essex 187'1'. Pro moted by H. &W Gilbey (local distillers) and cast 65 by Macfarlane &Co , Glasgow Situated where the roadlrom the village centre meelsthe lormer A11 l)17.1 : Windmill at Stansled Mountitchet below left: U2O: Thaxted Statiorl the engine shed and watet tank U19 RAILWAY STATION

UIA WATER AND STEAM MILL .l I r. I l.j

Lri I +

rlr'

U2O..I RAILWAY STATION ti,.r l *

U2O.2 ENGINE SHED 66 U22.1: Eastem Counties Railway's Audley End Station U2I WATERMILL Footpath north from Grange Green T ty T1599267 * Th swater m l, built n the ateeighteenth century of brick and ti e is of two storeys. lt is now dere ict, but many features can be dent fied nc ud ng the leat and water wheel U22.I BAILWAY STATION Station Road Wendens Arnbo TL516il63 E] * Audley End station, on the Liverpoo Street to of 19T3 survives as the on y existing example of Cambridge ine was bu lt in 1845 by the Eastern an engne shed in Essex. it s brick bult under Counties Raiway wh ch had taken over from the a corrugated ron roof, being one bay w de and Northern & Eastern Railway the completion of the lour bays long n each of which s a wide round lne under Robeit Stephenson as engineer. De- arched, smal -paned window. signed bySanctonWoodand probabycompeted U2O.3 WATER TOUIER by Franc s Thompson, the main block has two Otf Stanbrook Road. Thaxted storeys in brick with semic rcular arched, rad a ly TL605301 * glazed w ndows and a porte-cochere with stucco F na y, complet ng the group oi three or gina arches and coursed pilars. bui d ngs at Thaxted Station s the waler tower of U22.2 BRAI{CH LINE HALT 1913 t survives as the only one oi three ntact, Stal on Road, Wendens Ambo raiway assoc ated water towers n Essex. t sbrick * buit and surmounted by a cast-iron water tank. T1516362 tr The Saffron Wa den Railway Co. opened the u20.4 wtl{DMILL branch line from Aud ey End through Saffron Bow. Thaxted Mil Wa den to Bartlow n 1865 lt was c osed n 1964 TL6o9sO8 tr * folowing the recommendat ons of the Beech ng This red brick, five floor tower w ndm ll was built Beport. The branch line station bu d ng and a ,n I804 tor Joh,] Webb -s ng brc<.srro'n h s own length of the p atform sutuve closetothe ma nline br ck works near the rnil . By 1904 t was disused station buid ng n the m ddle of the car park. lt and in decay by 1970, bul it has been comp ete y is a smal snge storey buldng of brick under restored to working order, one pair ol slones be- a slate roof. There s a central open canopied ing able to grind. Most of the orginal machinery seating area and bench seating, on e ther SUTVVCS. side of which are the olfce and waiting room.

Ttain Ferry Gantry Ti Itt Depot- t= j, t€

i L,!I IJ,.^E - tr,

67 t1{DEX

Brewery . 8T7.1 BT7 2; BT.3; Ra lway tunnel . U1: U2. 81141;8f22.1, C2.1, Ra lway v aduct . C2.1q C42.1, M7. C3 1; CO3.1; CO3.2; Refreshment area . U']5; U'l6.13; U17 2 CO3.3 COl 1; E2t River navioat on . C2.161 E7 .1: l\/12 8. 1 . TE3 ; U6.1i Ug U10.2 Boad bridge 8123.2; 8I 23.3: C2.1 5 ; u'16.5 C4t C6; C7i CO3.9i Brick works . BT3 CO6; Rl; R4. CO3.10; TE9.6 U1 1 .1 . '1.6; Cinema BT TEO 5 Sa tworks . t\,15.5. ctiff tift S3 ,1, Sa oft . 32 2: TE3.2 Coal duty marker E5 Seaside pier . 53 2; TE4 1;TE6.1; Company housing BT 'l .5; BT20 2; TEl0; TE14.1. T .2. Shoe factory Conduit c2 2 Signa box . CO3.4: TE4.2. Cottage hospita BT 6 Silk mill . 8T1.2; BT1 Z Br1O.2: E ectronlc B1 B 1 .2; E)2.1; 8r14.2. eng neering factory 8f23.4, C2.9', C2.1O, Smal ho d ngs . BT13; TE1 .3. C2.111C3.2. Steam mill . C1; C2.3; C2.4 Englneering works . C2.5; H1.3; N.42.1. CO3 11 ; H'].5; M5.1 Explosives works . 83; E14.1. M5.3: TEl .2. Fort . T1.3; T9 2. Textile warehouse . ut6 6 Foundry .8T7.4;BT'101;lvl5.2; Tide mi . R2; TEl3. s2.1,r44.2. Toll House . u141 Gas works . U16.1. nain ferry pier . TE6,7, tleritage rar way . 815: CO2.2 L6 neadwheel . TE6.4i U5.1 . lsinglass factory . T7.5. Watermill . BT2.1i BT7 6i BTS| Jam factory . CO9.1. BT9.2; BT14.2i BTl5l Liqhthouse . TE5.2; TE6.2 TE6.3. BTl6; BTlS; BTl9; Lime kiln . IE2. 3121 1:8T22.2: BT231l Malthouse . BT4; BT9.1i 8T21.2; c2.2, C2.3, COs.5, 8T23.5 E8; E9; E12 CO3 1'1 CO4.2; CO5.2;

H1 .1 : 11 .2: lVt2.7 : CO10; E4; E7.2: E1O

N/1E8.1; TE8.2; TEg.1; E1 1i H1.5; N.44i M5.1 ; TEg.2; TEg.3 TEg.4; TE].1 TE7.3i U6.21 U7i TEl2t U5.2; Ul0 1i U] '1.2 UlBt U21. U14.2 U 16.3; U16.4i Water to\,!-or . B,2.2; 8f 1.3; 8T2.2, u17.3. BW'].2; CP2; CO3.6i lvechanics inst tute . 8T10.4. CO7 CO12; COl3 1; l\y'eta window . 8T1.8; 8T1.9; 8T1.10; E3.1i N/15.4; TE5.1 , U13i factory 8T20.1. u16.2. l\,4ilepost . TE7.2; TE8.3. Waterworks . C2.8; C2.13 COl l I\.4odel farm . BW'1 3; E'1; E13i H1.6; COs.1iTE7.1. N.46i TE9.5; U3t U8. Weavers' cottages . BT1.4; 8T14.7; CO3 8; Petrochemical . CP'lt T2. CO4.1 ; U16.7; U16.8. works Windmill . BT2.4i BTI I i BT12i Power station . N,41i T9.1. BW3; C5; R3, TEl1t T6; Pumping station . BWl .1 i C2.8, CO3.7; U4: U17.1: u20.4. CO9.2 M3: T5 Wool market . T4. Quarry . T3.'1 Workers housing . BT2.3t BTl0.3; Quay' . CO13.2. BT14 3t 8T14.4; BT'14.5i Badio factorv . C2.6: C2.l E3.2, E7 .3, E14.2, M2.2: Rai,way . slatbn BTl.'1i BT 7; 8T23.6 M2.3: M2.4, N,42.5i M2 6; BW2; CO2.2; CO13.S: TEg.8; T3.2, Tt .11T7.2: E6; E7.4i H1.4; lV5 6; T7.3i T8; U16.9; U16.10. 68 51;Ul2; Ul6.12; U20; Workhouse . 82.3, BT1.7t CO8, u22. u10.3 u16.14. EAUroa u^ru6! sror! rd 3qr qroo€ rlDt uqoqpBuqs oqof iu6Eo i^Bo|@Blt.rv ? toz Pulsnput rol uollerssv oql Iq p€qsnqnd o)

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