DOCSLIB.ORG

Oxantel 5 Oxantel 5

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oxantel 5 Oxantel 5 Oxantel® 5 Oxantel® 5 Tabletas Palatables Palatable Tablets Antiparasitario interno Internal Antiparasitic agrovetmarket s.a. agrovetmarket s.a. FORMULACIÓN FORMULATION Cada tableta contiene: Each tablet contains: Oxibendazole……………65.00 mg Oxibendazole……………65.00 mg Praziquantel……………. 37.50 mg Praziquantel……………. 37.50 mg Excipientes c.s.p…........ 1 Tableta Excipients q.s.ad…......... 1 Tablet GENERALIDADES GENERAL ® La combinación antiparasitaria de estos componentes en Oxantel 5 actúa The antiparasitic combination of these components in Oxantel® 5 effectively acts efectivamente contra todos los cestodes (taenias) y nematodos (gusanos against all cestodes (taenias) and nematode (round worms) in dogs and cats. redondos) en perros y gatos. Praziquantel is the most effective antiparasitic against immature and adult forms El praziquantel es el antiparasitario de mayor efectividad contra formas, of all kind of taenias (cestoda). Its spectrum includes total effectiveness against inmaduras y adultas, de todo tipo de Taenias (Cestodes). Su espectro incluye Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia ovis, T. hydatigena, T. pisiformis, Dipylidium efectividad total contra: Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia ovis, T. Hydatigena, T. caninum, among others. Meanwhile oxibendazole is a broad spectrum pisiformis, Dipylidium caninum, entre otros. Por su parte el oxibendazole es un anthelmintic and works against many nematodes: Toxocara canis, T. leonina, antihelmíntico de amplio espectro y actúa contra muchos nematodos: Toxocara Ancylostoma caninum, hookworm and even Trichuris vulpis. canis, T. Leonina, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala e inclusive Trichuris vulpis. INDICATIONS Oxantel® 5 is an internal antiparasitic indicated for dogs and cats for the INDICACIONES treatment of infestations of cestodes and nematodes. Oxantel® 5 es un antiparasitario interno indicado para perros y gatos para el tratamiento de infestaciones por cestodes y nematodos. ADMINISTRATION ROUTE AND DIRECTIONS FOR USE Oxantel® 5 is a tablet, which administration is by oral route. VÍA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN Y DIRECCIONES PARA SU USO Oxantel® 5 es una tableta, cuya vía de administración es la vía oral. The dose is one tablet per 5 kg body weight, preferably fasting. Dogs and cats are normally reinfest with parasites, so it is necessary to conduct a deworming La dosis es de una tableta por cada 5 kg de peso del animal, de preferencia en program to keep them free of infestation: ayunas. Los perros y gatos se reinfestan normalmente con parásitos, por lo que es necesario llevar a cabo un programa de desparasitación para mantener a los Puppies and Kittens animales libres de ellos: Puppies: Treat at 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks of age. Kittens: Treat at 6, 8 and 12 weeks of age. Cachorros y Gatitos Then every month until 6 months. Cachorros: tratar a las 4, 6, 8 y 12 semanas de edad. Repeat at 48 hours in very parasitized animals. Gatitos: tratar a las 6, 8 y 12 semanas de edad. Luego cada mes hasta los 6 meses. Adults Repetir a las 48 horas en animales muy parasitados. Treat every 6 months; at high risk of infestation can be treated every 3 months. Adultos Lactating and pregnant females Tratar cada 6 meses; ante riesgo de infestación alto puede hacerse cada 3 Treat just before mating, a week before delivery, 2 and 4 weeks after it. meses. PRECAUTIONS ® Hembras Preñadas y en Lactación Oxantel 5 is completely safe and effective for dogs and cats. It can be Tratar poco antes de la monta, una semana antes del parto y a las 2 y 4 semanas administer up to 5 times the normal dose and fasting is not essential prior to luego del mismo. treatment. It can be used on weak, old animals and females at any stage of pregnancy. PRECAUCIONES Compatible with any other treatment, including treatment against fleas, ticks, ® Oxantel 5 es completamente seguro y efectivo para perros y gatos. Puede etc. ser administrado hasta 5 veces la dosis normal y no es indispensable ayuno Do not administer by other route than directed. previo al tratamiento. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Puede usarse en animales debilitados, viejos y hembras en cualquier estado Agrovet Market S.A. is not responsible for the damage caused by a different de preñez. use than the indicated in this leaflet. Es compatible con cualquier otro tratamiento, incluyendo tratamientos contra pulgas, garrapatas, etc. STORAGE No administrar por otra vía que no sea la indicada. Store in a cool, dry place, protected from direct sunlight between 15°C and 30°C. Mantener fuera del alcance de los niños y animales domésticos. Agrovet Market S.A. no se responsabiliza por las consecuencias derivadas COMMERCIAL PRESENTATION por el uso (del producto) diferente al indicado en este inserto. 10, 30 and 100 tablets. ALMACENAMIENTO Conservar en un lugar fresco y seco, protegido de la luz solar, entre 15°C y Reg. SENASA Perú: F.08.31.N.0624 30°C. ® PRESENTACIÓN COMERCIAL Oxantel is a registered trademark of: 10, 30 y 100 tabletas. animalhealth Reg. SENASA Perú: F.08.31.N.0624 Oxantel® es una marca registrada de: Av. Canadá 3792-3798, Urb. Villa Jardín. Lima 30 - Perú Tel.: (511) 2 300 300 E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.agrovetmarket.com animalhealth Manufactured by Pharmadix Corp. S.A.C. Av. Santa Lucía Nro. 218 - Urb. Ind. La Aurora – Ate. Lima- Perú Av. Canadá 3792-3798, Urb. Villa Jardín. Lima 30 - Perú Tel.: (511) 2 300 300 E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.agrovetmarket.com Fabricado por Pharmadix Corp. S.A.C. Av. Santa Lucía Nro. 218 - Urb. Ind. La Aurora – Ate. Lima- Perú 103ST99 V02.08/14 420201.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths
    Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths Contributors J. H. Arundel • J. H. Boersema • C. F. A. Bruyning • J. H. Cross A. Davis • A. De Muynck • P. G. Janssens • W. S. Kammerer IF. Michel • M.H. Mirck • M.D. Rickard F. Rochette M. M. H. Sewell • H. Vanden Bossche Editors H. Vanden Bossche • D.Thienpont • P.G. Janssens UNIVERSITATS- BlfiUOTHElC Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction. A. DAVIS A. Pathogenic Mechanisms in Man 1 B. Modes of Transmission 2 C. Clinical Sequelae of Infection 3 D. Epidemiological Considerations 3 E. Chemotherapy 4 F. Conclusion 5 References 5 CHAPTER 2 Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Human Populations C. F. A. BRUYNING A. Introduction 7 B. Epidemiological or "Mathematical" Models and Control 8 C. Nematodes 11 I. Angiostrongylus costaricensis 11 II. Anisakis marina 12 III. Ascaris lumbricoides 14 IV. Capillaria philippinensis 21 V. Enterobius vermicularis 23 VI. Gnathostoma spinigerum 25 VII. Hookworms: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus . 26 VIII. Oesophagostoma spp 32 IX. Strongyloides stercoralis 33 X. Ternidens deminutus 34 XI. Trichinella spiralis 35 XII. Trichostrongylus spp 38 XIII. Trichuris trichiura 39 D. Trematodes 41 I. Echinostoma spp 41 II. Fasciolopsis buski 42 III. Gastrodiscoides hominis 44 IV. Heterophyes heterophyes 44 V. Metagonimus yokogawai 46 X Contents E. Cestodes 47 I. Diphyllobothrium latum 47 II. Dipylidium caninum 50 III. Hymenolepis diminuta 51 IV. Hymenolepis nana 52 V. Taenia saginata 54 VI. Taenia solium 57 VII. Cysticercosis cellulosae 58 References 60 CHAPTER 3 Epidemiology and Control of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Domestic Animals J. F. MICHEL. With 20 Figures A. Introduction 67 I.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2012/148799 Al 1 November 2012 (01.11.2012) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2012/148799 Al 1 November 2012 (01.11.2012) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 9/107 (2006.01) A61K 9/00 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A 61 47/10 (2006.0V) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (21) International Application Number: DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, PCT/US2012/034361 HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, (22) International Filing Date: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 20 April 2012 (20.04.2012) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, (25) Filing Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, (26) Publication Language: English TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 61/480,259 28 April 201 1 (28.04.201 1) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): BOARD UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYS¬ TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, TEM [US/US]; 201 West 7th St., Austin, TX 78701 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Albendazole: a Review of Anthelmintic Efficacy and Safety in Humans
    S113 Albendazole: a review of anthelmintic efficacy and safety in humans J.HORTON* Therapeutics (Tropical Medicine), SmithKline Beecham International, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom TW8 9BD This comprehensive review briefly describes the history and pharmacology of albendazole as an anthelminthic drug and presents detailed summaries of the efficacy and safety of albendazole’s use as an anthelminthic in humans. Cure rates and % egg reduction rates are presented from studies published through March 1998 both for the recommended single dose of 400 mg for hookworm (separately for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale when possible), Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis and, in separate tables, for doses other than a single dose of 400 mg. Overall cure rates are also presented separately for studies involving only children 2–15 years. Similar tables are also provided for the recommended dose of 400 mg per day for 3 days in Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia spp. and Hymenolepis nana infections and separately for other dose regimens. The remarkable safety record involving more than several hundred million patient exposures over a 20 year period is also documented, both with data on adverse experiences occurring in clinical trials and with those in the published literature and\or spontaneously reported to the company. The incidence of side effects reported in the published literature is very low, with only gastrointestinal side effects occurring with an overall frequency of just "1%. Albendazole’s unique broad-spectrum activity is exemplified in the overall cure rates calculated from studies employing the recommended doses for hookworm (78% in 68 studies: 92% for A. duodenale in 23 studies and 75% for N.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Drug Candidates That Enhance Pyrazinamide Activity from a Clinical Drug Library
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/113704; this version posted March 4, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Identification of drug candidates that enhance pyrazinamide activity from a clinical drug library Hongxia Niub, a, Chao Mac, Peng Cuid, Wanliang Shia, Shuo Zhanga, Jie Fenga, David Sullivana, Bingdong Zhu b, Wenhong Zhangd, Ying Zhanga,d* a Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA b Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China c College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China d Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China *Correspondence: Ying Zhang, E-Mail: [email protected] Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally despite the availability of the TB therapy. 1 The current TB therapy is lengthy and suboptimal, requiring a treatment time of at least 6 months for drug susceptible TB and 9-12 months (shorter Bangladesh regimen) or 18-24 months (regular regimen) for multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). 1 The lengthy therapy makes patient compliance difficult, which frequently leads to emergence of drug-resistant strains. The requirement for the prolonged treatment is thought to be due to dormant persister bacteria which are not effectively killed by the current TB drugs, except rifampin and pyrazinamide (PZA) which have higher activity against persisters.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomics of the Major Parasitic Worms
    Comparative genomics of the major parasitic worms International Helminth Genomes Consortium Supplementary Information Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4 Contributions from Consortium members ..................................................................................... 5 Methods .................................................................................................................................... 6 1 Sample collection and preparation ................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Data production, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) ........................................................................ 12 DNA template preparation and sequencing................................................................................................. 12 Genome assembly ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Assembly QC ................................................................................................................................................. 14 Gene prediction ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Contamination screening ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ehealth DSI [Ehdsi V2.2.2-OR] Ehealth DSI – Master Value Set
    MTC eHealth DSI [eHDSI v2.2.2-OR] eHealth DSI – Master Value Set Catalogue Responsible : eHDSI Solution Provider PublishDate : Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 1 of 490 MTC Table of Contents epSOSActiveIngredient 4 epSOSAdministrativeGender 148 epSOSAdverseEventType 149 epSOSAllergenNoDrugs 150 epSOSBloodGroup 155 epSOSBloodPressure 156 epSOSCodeNoMedication 157 epSOSCodeProb 158 epSOSConfidentiality 159 epSOSCountry 160 epSOSDisplayLabel 167 epSOSDocumentCode 170 epSOSDoseForm 171 epSOSHealthcareProfessionalRoles 184 epSOSIllnessesandDisorders 186 epSOSLanguage 448 epSOSMedicalDevices 458 epSOSNullFavor 461 epSOSPackage 462 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 2 of 490 MTC epSOSPersonalRelationship 464 epSOSPregnancyInformation 466 epSOSProcedures 467 epSOSReactionAllergy 470 epSOSResolutionOutcome 472 epSOSRoleClass 473 epSOSRouteofAdministration 474 epSOSSections 477 epSOSSeverity 478 epSOSSocialHistory 479 epSOSStatusCode 480 epSOSSubstitutionCode 481 epSOSTelecomAddress 482 epSOSTimingEvent 483 epSOSUnits 484 epSOSUnknownInformation 487 epSOSVaccine 488 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 3 of 490 MTC epSOSActiveIngredient epSOSActiveIngredient Value Set ID 1.3.6.1.4.1.12559.11.10.1.3.1.42.24 TRANSLATIONS Code System ID Code System Version Concept Code Description (FSN) 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01
    [Show full text]
  • Anthelmintics Are Drugs Used to Treat Parasitic Infections Due to Worms
    “ANTHEMINTICS" Presented By Mr.Ghule A.V. Assistant Professor, MES’S,College Of Pharmacy,Sonai. INTRODUCTION Helminth means worms. Helminthiasis is an infections caused by parasitic worms. Anthelmintics are drugs used to treat parasitic infections due to worms. Anthelmintics act through two mechanism . Vermicide (kill) used to kill parasitic intestinal worms. Vermifuge (expel) used to destroy or expel worms in the intestine. Helminths are 3 types Nematodes (round worms) - ascarids (Ascaris), filarias, hookworms, pinworms (Enterobius), and whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) Cestodes (tape worms) - multiple species of flat worms, Taenia saginatum, Taenia solium(cysticercosis, hydatid(echinococcus), Trematodes (flukes) – liver flukes, lung flukes, schistosoma BASED ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURES Benzimidazoles : Albendazole , Mebendazole ,Flubendazole, Cyclobendazole Thiabendazole, Fenbendazole, Oxibendazole, Parbendazole Quinolines and isoquinolines [Heterocyclics]: Oxamniquine, Praziquantel Piperazine derivatives: Piperazine citrate, Diethyl carbamazine Vinyl pyrimidines: Pyrantel pamoate, Oxantel Amides : Niclosamide Natural products: Ivermectin Organo phosphorus: Metrifonate Imidazothiazoles: Levamisole Nitro derivatives: Niridazol BENZIMIDAZOLES Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. This bicyclic compound consists of the fusion of benzene and imidazole. Many anthelmintic drugs(albendazole, mebendazole, etc.) belong to the benzimidazole class of compounds. ALBENDAZOLE It selectively bind to nematode ß-tubulin
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Product Characteristics
    Vetoquinol/DOLPAC Small dogs/European Renewal June 2011 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Austria Belgium Cyprus Malta Czech Republic Netherlands Greece Dolpac small dogs tablets Portugal Slovakia Hungary Slovenia Germany Finland France Luxembourg Dolpac 2 comprimé UK-Ireland-Italy Dolpac Tablets for Small Dogs Spain Dolpac small dogs tablets for 1-6 Poland kg Denmark Dolpac vet small dogs tablets Sweden 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains Active substances Oxantel 40.06 mg (equivalent to 111.8 mg of oxantel embonate) Pyrantel 9.99 mg (equivalent to 28.8 mg of pyrantel embonate) Praziquantel 10.00 mg Excipient to one 190 mg divisible tablet Excipients For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Tablet Pale yellow to yellow, elongated, divisible oblong tablet with breaking line; 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Target species Dogs 4.2 Indications for use, specifying the target species For curative treatment of dogs harbouring mixed parasitic infestations with the following adult stages of nematode and cestode species: Nematodes: Toxocara canis Toxascaris leonina Ancylostoma caninum 1/10 Vetoquinol/DOLPAC Small dogs/European Renewal June 2011 Uncinaria stenocephala Trichuris vulpis Cestodes: Dipylidium caninum Taenia spp Echinococcus multilocularis Echinococcus granulosus 4.3 Contraindications See section 4.8. 4.4 Special warnings for each target species Parasite resistance to any particular class of anthelmintic may develop following frequent, repeated use of an anthelmintic of that class. Fleas serve as intermediate hosts for one of the common tapeworms – Dipylidium caninum. Tapeworm infestation may reoccur unless control of intermediate hosts (fleas) is undertaken.
    [Show full text]
  • Addendum A: Antiparasitic Drugs Used for Animals
    Addendum A: Antiparasitic Drugs Used for Animals Each product can only be used according to dosages and descriptions given on the leaflet within each package. Table A.1 Selection of drugs against protozoan diseases of dogs and cats (these compounds are not approved in all countries but are often available by import) Dosage (mg/kg Parasites Active compound body weight) Application Isospora species Toltrazuril D: 10.00 1Â per day for 4–5 d; p.o. Toxoplasma gondii Clindamycin D: 12.5 Every 12 h for 2–4 (acute infection) C: 12.5–25 weeks; o. Every 12 h for 2–4 weeks; o. Neospora Clindamycin D: 12.5 2Â per d for 4–8 sp. (systemic + Sulfadiazine/ weeks; o. infection) Trimethoprim Giardia species Fenbendazol D/C: 50.0 1Â per day for 3–5 days; o. Babesia species Imidocarb D: 3–6 Possibly repeat after 12–24 h; s.c. Leishmania species Allopurinol D: 20.0 1Â per day for months up to years; o. Hepatozoon species Imidocarb (I) D: 5.0 (I) + 5.0 (I) 2Â in intervals of + Doxycycline (D) (D) 2 weeks; s.c. plus (D) 2Â per day on 7 days; o. C cat, D dog, d day, kg kilogram, mg milligram, o. orally, s.c. subcutaneously Table A.2 Selection of drugs against nematodes of dogs and cats (unfortunately not effective against a broad spectrum of parasites) Active compounds Trade names Dosage (mg/kg body weight) Application ® Fenbendazole Panacur D: 50.0 for 3 d o. C: 50.0 for 3 d Flubendazole Flubenol® D: 22.0 for 3 d o.
    [Show full text]
  • Selection of New Chemicals to Be Used in Conditioned Aversion for Non-Lethal Predation Control 2
    1 Selection of new chemicals to be used in conditioned aversion for non-lethal predation control 2 3 Jorge Tobajasa,*, Pilar Gómez-Ramíreza,b,c, Pedro María-Mojicab, Isabel Navasb,c, 4 Antonio Juan García-Fernándezb,c, Pablo Ferrerasa, Rafael Mateoa 5 6 aInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de 7 Toledo No. 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. 8 bToxicology Area, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of 9 Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. 10 cToxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB- 11 Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. 12 13 *Corresponding author 14 E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Tobajas) 15 1 16 Abstract 17 The use of conditioned food aversion (CFA) can reduce the predation conflict and 18 therefore the incidence of illegal poisoning, which is one of the most important 19 conservation threats for predators and scavengers around the world. CFA is a robust 20 learning paradigm that occurs when animals associate a food with a discomfort 21 induced by a chemical, thereby avoiding that food in subsequent encounters. We 22 reviewed the potential of 167 chemical compounds to be used in CFA, considering 23 effects, margin of safety, accessibility, and detectability. After the review, 15 24 compounds fulfilled the required characteristics, but only five were finally selected to 25 be tested in CFA assays with dogs. Of the tested compounds, thiabendazole, thiram 26 and levamisole caused target food rejection by dogs and reduced the time spent eating 27 during post-conditioning.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitic Infections (1 of 14)
    Parasitic Infections (1 of 14) 1 Patient presents w/ signs & symptoms suggestive of GI parasitic infection 2 DIAGNOSIS No ALTERNATIVE Is a GI parasitic infection DIAGNOSIS confi rmed? Yes Protozoal or helminthic infection? Protozoal Infection Helminthic Infection A Rehydration & nutrition B Prevention PHARMACOLOGICAL PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY FOR THERAPY FOR PROTOZOAL HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS INFECTIONS ©See page 3 MIMSSee page 3 B1 © MIMS 2019 Parasitic Infections (2 of 14) 1 SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF GI PARASITIC INFECTIONS GI Symptoms • Abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysentery, fl atulence, malabsorption, symptoms of biliary obstruction Nonspecifi c Symptoms • Fever, malaise, fatigue, anorexia, sweating, wt loss, edema & pruritus • Some patients may be asymptomatic PARASITIC INFECTIONS PARASITIC 2 DIAGNOSIS Clinical History • Attempt to elicit a history of possible exposure, especially for helminthic infections, eg eating undercooked meat, source of drinking water, swimming in fresh water where certain parasites may be endemic • Knowledge of the geographic distribution of parasites is helpful in the diagnosis of patients Host Susceptibility Factors in GI Parasitic Infections • Nutritional status • Intercurrent disease • Pregnancy • Immunosuppressive drugs • Presence of a malignancy Physical Exam Findings • Pallor • Hepatomegaly • Ascites • Ileus • Rectal prolapse Lab Tests Microscopic Exam of Stools • Fundamental to the diagnosis of all GI infections - A minimum of 3 stool specimens, examined by trained personnel using a concentration & a permanent stain
    [Show full text]
  • The Narrow-Spectrum Anthelmintic Oxantel Is a Potent Agonist of a Novel Acetylcholine
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.17.301192; this version posted September 17, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 The narrow-spectrum anthelmintic oxantel is a potent agonist of a novel acetylcholine 2 receptor subtype in whipworms 3 4 Tina V. A. Hansen1,2*, Susanna Cirera1, Cédric Neveu2, Kirstine Calloe1, Dan A. Klaerke1* and 5 Richard J Martin3 6 7 1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 8 University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. 9 2INRAE, UMR Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France. 10 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 11 Ames, IA, USA. 12 13 * [email protected], [email protected] 14 15 Abstract 16 In the absence of efficient alternative strategies, the control of parasitic nematodes, impacting 17 human and animal health, mainly relies on the use of broad-spectrum anthelmintic compounds. 18 Unfortunately, most of these drugs have a limited single-dose efficacy against infections caused by 19 the whipworm, Trichuris. These infections are of both human and veterinarian importance. 20 However, in contrast to a wide range of parasitic nematode species, the narrow-spectrum 21 anthelmintic oxantel has a high efficacy on Trichuris spp. Despite this knowledge, the molecular 22 target(s) of oxantel within Trichuris is still unknown. In the distantly related pig roundworm, 23 Ascaris suum, oxantel has a small, but significant effect on the recombinant homomeric Nicotine- 24 sensitive ionotropic acetylcholine receptor (N-AChR) made up of five ACR-16 subunits.
    [Show full text]