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On the Application of U 37 in Narragansett Bay k’ On the Application of U 37 In Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, U.S.A.) by Jeffrey M. Salacup B.S., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003 M.Sc., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geological Sciences at Brown University PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2014 © Copyright 2014 by Jeff Salacup This dissertation by Jeffrey M. Salacup is accepted in its present form by the Department of Geological Sciences as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date ______________ __________________________________ Timothy D. Herbert, Adviser Recommended to the Graduate Council Date ______________ __________________________________ Warren L. Prell, Co-adviser Date ______________ __________________________________ Yongsong Huang, Reader Date ______________ __________________________________ Meredith Hastings, Reader Date ______________ __________________________________ Steven Parman, Reader Date ______________ __________________________________ Thomas Cronin, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date ______________ __________________________________ Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii JEFFREY M. SALACUP DATE OF BIRTH: MARCH 18, 1978 PLACE OF BIRTH: WINCHESTER, MA, USA Earth System History Group Department of Geological Sciences Brown University 324 Brook St. Box. 1846 Providence, RI, 02912 EDUCATION PH.D. (expected completion Fall 2013) Geology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, k’ On the Application of the U 37 Sea Surface Temperature Proxy in Marginal Settings: Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, U.S.A.) Thesis Advisor: Drs. Timothy Herbert and Warren Prell M.S. (2008) Geology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, MA, USA, The Effects of Sea Level on the Molecular and Isotopic Composition of Sediments in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway: Oceanic Anoxic Event 3, Mesa Verde, CO, USA Thesis Advisor: Dr. Steven Petsch B.S. (2006) Earth Systems, Cum Laude University of Massachusetts-Amherst, MA, USA, The biogeochemistry of a sub-surface fermentative/methanogenic consortia: Impact of biodegradation on hydrocarbon geochemistry of the Antrim Shale, Michigan Basin, U.S.A. Thesis advisor: Dr. Steven Petsch iv Courses: Sedimentary Geochemistry Physical Oceanography Organic and Biogeochemistry Aqueous Env. Geochemistry Organic & Inorganic Chemistry Environmental Evolution Climate Change Paleoclimatology Paleoceanography Climatology/Meteorology Isotope Geochemistry Oceanic Biogeochemistry Terrestrial Biogeochemistry Numerical Climate Change Geomicrobiology Estuarine Oceanography RESEARCH INTERESTS Application of organic biomarkers and stable isotope ratios in the reconstruction of past environments, biota, and the evolution of the coupled Earth system processes Elucidation of the biosynthesis and function of important organic geochemical paleo- environmental proxies Oceanography of the northwest Atlantic Ocean during the Holocene Carbon cycle dynamics and feedbacks associated with atmospheric/oceanic chemistry, climate stabilization, and the anthropogenic influence Microbial activity and imprints on the geochemistry of anoxic environments v PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellow, 2010-2013 Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University Advisor: Drs. Timothy Herbert and Warren Prell -A new approach to assessing the anthropogenic impact on an urbanized estuary: sediment record of pre-historical and historical environmental change in Narragansett Bay, RI, USA Graduate Research Assistant, 2008 Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University Advisor: Dr. Timothy Herbert - method development toward the analytical isolation of alkenones with differing numbers of double-bonds Graduate Research Assistant, 2007 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst Advisor: Dr. Steven Petsch - extraction and separation of lipids from the Mancos Shale, Mesa Verde, CO (Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway) RCOM Summer Research Fellow, 2006 Research Center for Ocean Margins (RCOM), University of Bremen, Germany, Advisor: Dr. Kai-Uwe Hinrichs - Isolation of diagnostic lipid biomarkers from sediments recovered from the Fish Clay (K/T) at Stevns Klint, Denmark to investigate ecological and environmental change over the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Molecular signatures of non-photosynthetic primary production during the collapse of a photosynthesis-driven “biological pump”. vi Undergraduate Research Assistant, 2005-2006 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst Advisors: Dr. Steven Petsch and Dr. Michael Formolo - Biogeochemistry of sub-surface fermentative/methanogenic consortia to analyze the impact of biodegradation on hydrocarbon geochemistry of the Antrim shale of the Michigan Basin. Investigating the influence of meteoric water recharge during the Last Glacial Maximum and implications for atmospheric concentrations of methane during termination. Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Craftsman, 1997-2002 United States Air Force, Rank – Technical Sergeant - Inspection, repair, and management of A10-A (Warthog) aircraft. - Deployed three times in support of war-time missions. RESEARCH SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry-Flame Ionizing Detection o identification and quantification of biomarkers in complex natural samples o troubleshooting and maintenance of HP 6890 gas-chromatograph - Flame Ionizing Detector o data analysis using Chemstation and Xcalibur software Compound Specific Stable Isotopes o Carbon and Hydrogen – compound isolation and analysis on HP 6890 GC coupled to a Thermo Delta V Advantage isotope-ratio mass spectrometer o data analysis using Isodat software vii Elemental Stable Isotope Ratios (C, N, O) o organic carbon and total nitrogen - sample preparation and analysis on a Costech Elemental Analyzer coupled to a Thermo Delta V Advantage isotope-ratio mass spectrometer o inorganic carbon – sample preparation and analysis on a Kiel Device coupled to a Thermo Delta V Advantage isotope-ratio mass spectrometer o data analysis using Isodat software Extraction Techniques o soxhlet apparatus o accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) o microwave-assisted extraction o sonication Sample Preparation o column chromatography (Si-gel, NH4-Si-gel, AgNO3-Si-gel) for the isolation of discrete classes of organic compounds o saponification of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) o Urea Adduction for the purification of alkenones from heavily impacted marginal sediments Elemental Analysis o carbon (organic and inorganic) and total nitrogen on a Costech Elemental Analyzer o maintenance of Costech Elemental Analyzer o analysis on EAS software viii MANUSCRIPTS Salacup, J. Farmer, J. Herbert, T.D., and Prell, W.L. (in prep), Alkenone production with open ocean characteristics in a near-shore setting: Narragansett Bay, R.I. Salacup, J., Herbert, T.D., and Prell, W.L. (in prep), Alkenones in Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, U.S.A.) Reveal a High-Resolution Record of North Atlantic Common Era Climate. Salacup, J., Herbert, T.D., and Prell, W.L. (in prep), A four year long record of water column alkenone ratios and concentrations from Narragansett Bay: seasonal variability and mean annual sea surface temperature. Salacup, J., Herbert, T.D., and Prell, W.L. (in prep), Landscape disturbance and nutrient mobilization in response to Colonization, Industrialization and Urbanization of the Narragansett Bay watershed. Salacup, J., Petsch, S.T., and Leckie, R.M. (in prep), The geochemical imprint of water column denitrification during OAE 3 (Coniancian-Santonian) in the Western Interior Seaway. Formolo, M.J., Salacup, J., Petsch, S.T., Martini, A.M., Nüsslein, K. (2008), Geology, v.36, no. 2, p.139-142, A new model linking atmospheric methane sources to Pleistocene glaciation via methanogenesis in sedimentary basins. POSTERS Salacup, J.M., Herbert, T.D., and Prell, W.L. (2013) The missing ocean – Generation of high resolution records of sea surface temperature for the Common Era, PAGES Open Science Meeting, Goa, India ix Salacup, J., Herbert, T.D., and Prell, W.L. (2012) But what is the ocean doing? Generation of high resolution records of sea surface temperature for the Common Era, Gordon Conference on Organic Geochemistry, Holderness, NH Salacup, J., Herbert, T.D., and Prell, W.L. (2012) A coupled biomarker-genetic approach to understanding the Uk’37 SST proxy in estuaries, Goldschmidt Geochemistry Conference, Montreal, QC Salacup, J.M., Gonclaves, M., Herbert, T.D., Prell, W.L. (2012) A new tool to track the environmental evolution of the Gulf of Maine: The Uk’37 sea surface temperature proxy, Workshop on the Gulf of Maine in a Changing Climate, Bowdoin University, ME Salacup, J. Herbert, T.D., and Prell, W. (2011) Time-series of water column alkenone and 18S rRNA confirm that Uk’37 is a viable SST proxy in Narragansett Bay, RI, 2011 AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA Salacup, J. (2011) A 450-Year-Long Record of Climate change from Narragansett Bay RI, USA, 2011 EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship Conference, Washington D.C. Salacup, J.M., Herbert, T.D., and Prell, W. (2010) Pushing open-ocean organic paleo- environmental proxies to the margin: Narragansett Bay, RI, 2009 AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA Salacup, J.M., Petsch, S.T., Leckie, R.M., (2007) Organic matter production and preservation during the Niobrara Cyclothem, OAE 3 in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, 2007 AGU Fall Meeting,
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