Severall Friends Program June 2019 Roman De Fauvel May 20 V2.0
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Critical Analysis of the Roles of Women in the Lais of Marie De France
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1976 Critical analysis of the roles of women in the Lais of Marie de France Jeri S. Guthrie The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Guthrie, Jeri S., "Critical analysis of the roles of women in the Lais of Marie de France" (1976). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1941. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1941 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROLES OF WOMEN IN THE LAIS OF MARIE DE FRANCE By Jeri S. Guthrie B.A., University of Montana, 1972 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1976 Approved by: Chairmah, Board of Exami iradua4J^ School [ Date UMI Number EP35846 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT OissHEH'tfttkffl Pk^islw^ UMI EP35846 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). -
The Trecento Lute
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title The Trecento Lute Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kh2f9kn Author Minamino, Hiroyuki Publication Date 2019 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Trecento Lute1 Hiroyuki Minamino ABSTRACT From the initial stage of its cultivation in Italy in the late thirteenth century, the lute was regarded as a noble instrument among various types of the trecento musical instruments, favored by both the upper-class amateurs and professional court giullari, participated in the ensemble of other bas instruments such as the fiddle or gittern, accompanied the singers, and provided music for the dancers. Indeed, its delicate sound was more suitable in the inner chambers of courts and the quiet gardens of bourgeois villas than in the uproarious battle fields and the busy streets of towns. KEYWORDS Lute, Trecento, Italy, Bas instrument, Giullari any studies on the origin of the lute begin with ancient Mesopota- mian, Egyptian, Greek, or Roman musical instruments that carry a fingerboard (either long or short) over which various numbers M 2 of strings stretch. The Arabic ud, first widely introduced into Europe by the Moors during their conquest of Spain in the eighth century, has been suggest- ed to be the direct ancestor of the lute. If this is the case, not much is known about when, where, and how the European lute evolved from the ud. The presence of Arabs in the Iberian Peninsula and their cultivation of musical instruments during the middle ages suggest that a variety of instruments were made by Arab craftsmen in Spain. -
Multiple Choice
Unit 4: Renaissance Practice Test 1. The Renaissance may be described as an age of A. the “rebirth” of human creativity B. curiosity and individualism C. exploration and adventure D. all of the above 2. The dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance was called A. paganism B. feudalism C. classicism D. humanism 3. The intellectual movement called humanism A. treated the Madonna as a childlike unearthly creature B. focused on human life and its accomplishments C. condemned any remnant of pagan antiquity D. focused on the afterlife in heaven and hell 4. The Renaissance in music occurred between A. 1000 and 1150 B. 1150 and 1450 C. 1450 and 1600 D. 1600 and 1750 5. Which of the following statements is not true of the Renaissance? A. Musical activity gradually shifted from the church to the court. B. The Catholic church was even more powerful in the Renaissance than during the Middle Ages. C. Every educated person was expected to be trained in music. D. Education was considered a status symbol by aristocrats and the upper middle class. 6. Many prominent Renaissance composers, who held important posts all over Europe, came from an area known at that time as A. England B. Spain C. Flanders D. Scandinavia 7. Which of the following statements is not true of Renaissance music? A. The Renaissance period is sometimes called “the golden age” of a cappella choral music because the music did not need instrumental accompaniment. B. The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly polyphonic. C. Instrumental music became more important than vocal music during the Renaissance. -
Songs in Fixed Forms
Songs in Fixed Forms by Margaret P. Hasselman 1 Introduction Fourteenth century France saw the development of several well-defined song structures. In contrast to the earlier troubadours and trouveres, the 14th-century songwriters established standardized patterns drawn from dance forms. These patterns then set up definite expectations in the listeners. The three forms which became standard, which are known today by the French term "formes fixes" (fixed forms), were the virelai, ballade and rondeau, although those terms were rarely used in that sense before the middle of the 14th century. (An older fixed form, the lai, was used in the Roman de Fauvel (c. 1316), and during the rest of the century primarily by Guillaume de Machaut.) All three forms make use of certain basic structural principles: repetition and contrast of music; correspondence of music with poetic form (syllable count and rhyme); couplets, in which two similar phrases or sections end differently, with the second ending more final or "closed" than the first; and refrains, where repetition of both words and music create an emphatic reference point. Contents • Definitions • Historical Context • Character and Provenance, with reference to specific examples • Notes and Selected Bibliography Definitions The three structures can be summarized using the conventional letters of the alphabet for repeated sections. Upper-case letters indicate that both text and music are identical. Lower-case letters indicate that a section of music is repeated with different words, which necessarily follow the same poetic form and rhyme-scheme. 1. Virelai The virelai consists of a refrain; a contrasting verse section, beginning with a couplet (two halves with open and closed endings), and continuing with a section which uses the music and the poetic form of the refrain; and finally a reiteration of the refrain. -
The Collegium Musiculn the Madrigal Singers
, The School ofMusic presents the 20th program of the 1989·90 season C'b Iqi' 1l--1 The Collegium Musiculn Margriet Tindemans, Director Music 'By Hildegard of Bingen The Madrigal Singers Joan Catoni Conlon, Director 16t1i - 2atn Century Motet Masterpieces 2, 1989,8:00 PM /' [~~mber I ·DGGem~r 3. 1989, 3.66 PM Brechemin Auditorium L --I _. d '1& In a vision of true faith Ursula loved the Son of God. But she was mocked Program by the people. Then she received a sign and everybody realized that she was the truely wise one. But the devil came over them and made them strike down those noble women. And all the Elements heard the great cry: O. The Collegium Musicum the red blood ofthe innocent lamb ... Music By Hildegard of Bingen (1098 -1179) c~G\clLA REX NOSTER Instrumental Symphonia o PLANGENS VOX o VIRTUS SAPIENTIE Instrumental Symphonia o VIVENS FONS o VIRTUS SAPIENTIE ........................Antiphone for Divine Wisdom REX NOSTER ........................... Responsory for the Holy Innocents oeMrgy ofwisdom! You circled circling. encompassing all in one path th8l possesses life. Ofyour three wings one soars in heaven. OM sweeps Our King is swift to receive the Blood ofInnocents. Hence the angels sing and resound in praiseS. But even the clouds are grieving over the same the earth and the thirdflies all around us. blood. o PLANGENS VOX .................................. from "Onto Virtutum This song is from the morality play "Onto Virtutum". The Virtues lament KYRIE ELEISON the loss of the soul that has given in to the temptations of the devil. Instrumental Symphonia o VIVENS FONS ................................... -
Revisiting the Origins of the Italian Madrigal Using Machine Learning
Revisiting the Origins of the Italian Madrigal (with machine learning) Julie E. Cumming Cory McKay Medieval and Renaissance Music Conference Maynooth, Ireland, July 6, 2018 1 The origins of the madrigal Current consensus • The madrigal emerges as a new genre of Italian-texted vocal music in the 1520s • The Italian-texted works by Verdelot are madrigals • It originated in Florence (and Rome?) in the 1520s But where did it come from? • The frottola (Einstein 1949) • The chanson and motet (Fenlon and Haar 1988) • Florentine song: carnival song, and improvised solo song (A. Cummings 2004) 2 Finding the origins: what happened before Verdelot? • Verdelot arrived in Florence in 1521 • Earliest sources of the madrigal New focus: Florence, 1515-1522 Music Printsbefore Verdelot Thanks to I. Fenlon, J. Haar, and A. Cummings Naming of Genres: Canzona in 1520s; Madrigale 1530 Prints (in or near Rome) • Pisano, Musica sopra le Canzone del petrarcha (partbooks, Petrucci, Fossombrone, 1520) (all Madrigals) • Motetti e Canzone I (partbooks, Rome, 1520) • Libro primo de la croce, choirbook, c. 1522 (surviving copy, later ed., Rome, Pasoti & Dorico, 1526) • Mix of frottole, villotte, and madrigals 4 Music MSS before Verdelot Thanks to I. Fenlon, J. Haar, and A. Cummings Florentine Manuscripts (all from Florence) • Florence, Basevi 2440, choirbook, c. 1515-22; 2 sections: • music with multiple stanzas of text (frottole) • through-composed works (madrigals & villotte) • Florence, BNC 164-167, partbooks, c. 1520-22 (4 sections) • Florence 164 or F 164 henceforth 5 My hypothesis The madrigal was deliberately created as a • high-style genre of secular music • that emulates the style of the motet Why? • Musical sources • Texts • Musical style • Cultural context (not today) 6 What do sources tell us? Madrigals are the first secular genre to be treated like Latin-texted motets in prints and manuscripts Copied and printed in partbooks (previously used only for Masses and motets) • Motetti e Canzone I (Rome, 1520), partbooks • Florence 164 (c. -
Vocal Music 1650-1750
Chapter 9 Vocal Music 1650-1750 Sunday, October 21, 12 Opera • beyond Italy, opera was slow to develop • France, Spain, and England enjoyed their own forms of dramatic entertainment with music Sunday, October 21, 12 Opera France: Comédie-ballet and Tragédie en musique • Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687), established sung drama that was part opera and part ballet • wrote a series of comédie-ballet for dancing talents of his master, Loius XIV • mixed spoken drama and dance Sunday, October 21, 12 Opera France: Comédie-ballet and Tragédie en musique • in 1672, Lully created new operatic genre: tragédie en musique (also know as tragédie lyrique) • drew on classical mythology and chivalric romances with plots being veiled favorable commentaries on recent court events Sunday, October 21, 12 Opera France: Comédie-ballet and Tragédie en musique • Tragédie en musique consisted of: • an overture • an allegorical prologue • five acts of entirely sung drama, each divided into several scenes • many divertissements (interludes) Sunday, October 21, 12 Opera France: Comédie-ballet and Tragédie en musique • Lully Armide - tragédie en musique (also called tragédie lyrique) - French Overture (section with slow dotted rhythms followed by faster imitative section) - the aria uses figured bass and moves freely between meters to accommodate the French language Sunday, October 21, 12 Opera Italy: Opera seria • Opera seria (serious opera) • usually tragic content • the most important type of opera cultivated from 1670-1770 • developed in Italy and sung almost exclusively -
Setu Kannel (Zither) Roland Suits Estonian National Museum Citole
Reconstructing and making replicas of musical instruments from the conservator ´s/ instrument maker’s viewpoint Roland Suits Estonian National Museum Beginning from the second half of the 20th century people all soundbox, neck, fingerboard, bridge and nut have been made over the world started to take an interest in playing traditional from maple, the cover is sprucewood and the tuning pins are and folk music on the so-called authentic instruments. This made from pear-tree. created the necessity for making duplicates or reconstructions of instruments. Therefore it is only natural that people turn also Moldpill (Psalmodicone) to museums where this kind of instruments can be found. Moldpill, which is of Swedish origin and spread in Western Unfortunately, very few musical instruments have been pre- and Northern Estonia in the 19th century, has usually only one served in the world dating from the Middle Ages and earlier string (monochord) and is played with a bow. The instrument Renaissance period in Europe; yet, abundant iconographic ma- was used at learning and accompanying songs at schools and terial can be found about them – paintings, sculptures, mini- prayer houses and it was also used for the same purpose at atures, stained glass, and so on. Written records are also avail- home. At the beginning of the 19th century the moldpill was able. Photo No. 2 Photo No. 3 adjusted from the ancient monochord for schools. As concerns folk instruments, in Estonia they started to be col- to a violin and was given to Queen Elizabeth I as a present by lected at about the beginning of the 20th century, yet, many of Earl Leicester. -
Chapter 2: Secular and Cathedral Music in the High Middle Ages I
Chapter 2: Secular and Cathedral Music in the High Middle Ages I. Introduction – Chapter 1 dealt primarily with sacred music, influenced by the fact that initially only sacred music was available for observation. Chapter 2 turns to secular music. II. Troubadours and Trouvères A.Troubadours 1. The first European vernacular poet whose work survives was William IX (7th count of Poitiers and 9th duke of Aquitaine). b. The tradition of these poets is known as the troubadour. c. The troubadour tradition was a “top down” as those of the highest social ranks were the main participants. Their poetry celebrated feudal ideals. d. Different types of troubadour verse dealt with various aspects of the feudal system, including songs of alliance, knightly decorum, exploits, challenges, and death. 2. Courtly love lay at the heart of the troubadour tradition. a. The canso was a song about love. b. Courtly love songs celebrated the same high ideals as other types of songs. c. The lady about whom a poet wrote usually outranked him, making her theoretically unattainable. d. Courtly love was generally more about veneration than physical love. e. The poetic style matches the lofty ideals of courtly love, as demonstrated in Can vei la lauzeta mover. B. Performance and Oral Culture 1. We do not know the rhythm of troubadour songs, but most likely the loftier style of the troubadour songs approximated that of contemporary chant. 2. Some troubadour songs matched a lower-class style; these were not based on chant style. a. Pastorela is one such genre. b. L’autrier jost’ una sebissa by Marcabru is an example. -
Tell Me a Story; Hell Hath No Fury: a Set of Voice Recitals on the Overlap of Music, Literature, and Classics, and Their Treatme
Tell Me A Story; Hell Hath No Fury A set of voice recitals on the overlap of Music, Literature, and Classics, and their treatment and depiction of women Senior Project Submitted to The Division of the Arts of Bard College by Alexandra Gilman Annandale-on-Hudson, New York May 2020 1 Artist Statement Over the past four years, I have had the privilege of answering the question, “what is your major?” My reply exists in various degrees of specificity. I am a Music major. I am a Classical Voice major. I am a voice major who is concentrating in Medieval Studies. Layer upon layer is added. The more specific I am, the more niche it all seems to become. Yet, that which I love exists in these niches, the in-between spaces where different areas of academia come together to create something new. Something that I have always appreciated about art, in general, is its fluidity. Art does not try to exist in a vacuum. Music takes its influence from all aspects of the world: nature, literature, mythology, history, even math. I have loved being able to explore these spaces, bringing together the different aspects of my study as opposed to keeping them isolated from one another. There is, in particular, a strong overlap between music, literature, and Classics; three of my most frequent studies at Bard. This became the prompt for my first concert, as well as an overall guiding theme of my repertoire. Tell Me A Story is a program constructed around the tales of my childhood, the ones that inspired me and guided me to the path I am on. -
Toward a Pan-European Style I. Introduction A. European Musical
Ch. 4: Island and Mainland: Toward a Pan-European Style I. Introduction A. European musical style of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries moved from distinct national styles (particularly of the Ars nova and Trecento) toward a more unified, international style. II. English Music and Its Influence A. Fragmentary Remains 1. English music had a style that was distinct from continental music of the Middle Ages. 2. English singers included the third among the consonant intervals. 3. The Thomas gemma Cantuariae/Thomas caesus in Doveria (Ex. 4-3) includes many features associated with English music, such as almost equal ranges in the top two parts and frequent voice exchanges. B. Kings and the Fortunes of War 1. The Old Hall Manuscript contains the earliest English polyphonic church music that can be read today. 2. Copied for a member of the royal family, most of its contents belong to the Mass Ordinary. 3. Henry V, who is associated with the Old Hall Manuscript, holds a prominent place in history of this period. 4. When Henry’s army occupied part of northern France in the early fifteenth century, his brother John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, was in charge. This brother included the composer John Dunstable (ca. 1390–1453) among those who received part of his estates when he died. 5. Dunstable’s music influenced continental composers. C. Dunstable and the “Contenance Angloise” 1. Dunstable’s arrival in Paris caused the major composers to follow his style, known as la contenance angloise. a. Major-mode tonality b. Triadic harmony c. Smooth handling of dissonance 2. -
Concert Programme
AARRTTHHUURR’’SS CCOOUURRTT Songs of Romance and Chivalry Gaïta Chris Elmes: Fiddle, oud, bagpipes Cait Webb: Lap harp, shawms, recorder Stacy Schumacher: Oud, percussion Helena MacGilp: Voice, percussion Tembu Rongong: Voice, narration __________________________________________ The Romances of King Arthur have their roots in Celtic myth, but came to France via the Bretons who migrated to Brittany from the west of Britain in the 6th and 7th centuries. By the High Middle Ages of the 12 th and 13 th century these tales are set in a mythical Britain, bearing little relation to real history, with Arthur as its ideal King. Arthur himself plays small part in many of the romances other than to provide the setting of a noble court from which the action is launched. The stories mix ancient myth and enchantment with the newly fashionable ideas of romantic love and chivalry. The heroic Knight-errant continually encounters fantastical beings, fay maidens, unhappy wives in search of a noble lover, bizarre tests of courage, and of course, other knights they must defeat in combat. Many of the same themes are explored in the songs of the Troubadours (from the Languedoc, writing in Occitan) and the Trouvéres (from northern France, writing in Old French). The narration for this concert draws on the earliest extant sources of Arthurian literature. The introduction and conclusion are based on Wace’s Brut of 1155 which is the first Anglo- Norman account of the history of Arthur, embroidering the story given in the ‘History of the Kings of Britain’ by Geoffrey of Monmouth. The Lay of Lanval and Lay of Tristan and Iseult come from the Lais of Marie de France, written in the late 12 th century.