Hydrographic and Charting Activities in the Canadian Arctic
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Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2019 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2019 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland and colleagues 12 December 2019 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. <[email protected]> The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 314 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2019 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, through the Bering Strait, from or to the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the central or northern coast of west Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (transits 149 and 167). -
Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2020 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2020 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland and colleagues 7 April 2021 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. <[email protected]> The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 starting in the Pacific Ocean to reach the Atlantic Oceam, but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 319 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2020 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, through the Bering Strait, from or to the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the central or northern coast of west Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (marked ‘cp’). -
Who Discovered the Northwest Passage? Janice Cavell1
ARCTIC VOL. 71, NO.3 (SEPTEMBER 2018) P.292 – 308 https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4733 Who Discovered the Northwest Passage? Janice Cavell1 (Received 31 January 2018; accepted in revised form 1 May 2018) ABSTRACT. In 1855 a parliamentary committee concluded that Robert McClure deserved to be rewarded as the discoverer of a Northwest Passage. Since then, various writers have put forward rival claims on behalf of Sir John Franklin, John Rae, and Roald Amundsen. This article examines the process of 19th-century European exploration in the Arctic Archipelago, the definition of discovering a passage that prevailed at the time, and the arguments for and against the various contenders. It concludes that while no one explorer was “the” discoverer, McClure’s achievement deserves reconsideration. Key words: Northwest Passage; John Franklin; Robert McClure; John Rae; Roald Amundsen RÉSUMÉ. En 1855, un comité parlementaire a conclu que Robert McClure méritait de recevoir le titre de découvreur d’un passage du Nord-Ouest. Depuis lors, diverses personnes ont avancé des prétentions rivales à l’endroit de Sir John Franklin, de John Rae et de Roald Amundsen. Cet article se penche sur l’exploration européenne de l’archipel Arctique au XIXe siècle, sur la définition de la découverte d’un passage en vigueur à l’époque, de même que sur les arguments pour et contre les divers prétendants au titre. Nous concluons en affirmant que même si aucun des explorateurs n’a été « le » découvreur, les réalisations de Robert McClure méritent d’être considérées de nouveau. Mots clés : passage du Nord-Ouest; John Franklin; Robert McClure; John Rae; Roald Amundsen Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nicole Giguère. -
Gjoa Haven © Nunavut Tourism
NUNAVUT COASTAL RESOURCE INVENTORY ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ Department of Environment Avatiliqiyikkut Ministère de l’Environnement Gjoa Haven © Nunavut Tourism ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ Department of Environment Avatiliqiyikkut NUNAVUT COASTAL RESOURCE INVENTORY • Gjoa Haven INVENTORY RESOURCE COASTAL NUNAVUT Ministère de l’Environnement Nunavut Coastal Resource Inventory – Gjoa Haven 2011 Department of Environment Fisheries and Sealing Division Box 1000 Station 1310 Iqaluit, Nunavut, X0A 0H0 GJOA HAVEN Inventory deliverables include: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • A final report summarizing all of the activities This report is derived from the Hamlet of Gjoa Haven undertaken as part of this project; and represents one component of the Nunavut Coastal Resource Inventory (NCRI). “Coastal inventory”, as used • Provision of the coastal resource inventory in a GIS here, refers to the collection of information on coastal database; resources and activities gained from community interviews, research, reports, maps, and other resources. This data is • Large-format resource inventory maps for the Hamlet presented in a series of maps. of Gjoa Haven, Nunavut; and Coastal resource inventories have been conducted in • Key recommendations on both the use of this study as many jurisdictions throughout Canada, notably along the well as future initiatives. Atlantic and Pacific coasts. These inventories have been used as a means of gathering reliable information on During the course of this project, Gjoa Haven was visited on coastal resources to facilitate their strategic assessment, two occasions: -
Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2016 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2016 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland revised 14 November 2016 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 255 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2016 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, from or to the Pacific Ocean (Bering Sea) through the Bering Strait. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the west coast of Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (transits 154 and 171). These are shown on the map following, and proceed as follows: 1: Davis Strait, Lancaster Sound, Barrow Strait, Viscount Melville Sound, McClure Strait, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, Bering Strait. -
Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters
Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters Published by: Icebreaking Program, Maritime Services Canadian Coast Guard Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E6 Cat. No. Fs154-31/2012E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-20610-3 Revised August 2012 ©Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2012 Important Notice – For Copyright and Permission to Reproduce, please refer to: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/notices-avis-eng.htm Note : Cette publication est aussi disponible en français. Cover photo: CCGS Henry Larsen in Petermann Fjord, Greenland, by ice island in August 2012. Canadian Coast Guard Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters Record of Amendments RECORD OF AMENDMENTS TO ICE NAVIGATION IN CANADIAN WATERS (2012 VERSION) FROM MONTHLY NOTICES TO MARINERS NOTICES TO INSERTED DATE SUBJECT MARINERS # BY Note: Any inquiries as to the contents of this publication or reports of errors or omissions should be directed to [email protected] Revised August 2012 Page i of 153 Canadian Coast Guard Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters Foreword FOREWORD Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters is published by the Canadian Coast Guard in collaboration with Transport Canada Marine Safety, the Canadian Ice Service of Environment Canada and the Canadian Hydrographic Service of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The publication is intended to assist ships operating in ice in all Canadian waters, including the Arctic. This document will provide Masters and watchkeeping crew of vessels transiting Canadian ice-covered waters with the necessary understanding of the regulations, shipping support services, hazards and navigation techniques in ice. Chapter 1, Icebreaking and Shipping Support Services, pertains to operational considerations, such as communications and reporting requirements as well as ice advisories and icebreaker support within Canadian waters. -
London Journal of Canadian Studies Article
London Journal of Canadian Studies Article Why Ross Survived When Franklin Died: Arctic Explorers and the Inuit, 1829–1848 Nicholas Bayne1,* How to cite: Bayne, N., ‘Why Ross Survived When Franklin Died: Arctic Explorers and the Inuit, 1829–1848’. London Journal of Canadian Studies, 2020, 35(1), pp. 67–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2020v35.004. Published: 30 November 2020 Peer Review: This article has been peer-reviewed through the journal’s standard double-blind peer review, where both the reviewers and authors are anonymized during review. Copyright: © 2020, Nicholas Bayne. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC-BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited • DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2020v35.004. Open Access: London Journal of Canadian Studies is a peer-reviewed open-access journal. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 London School of Economic and Political Science, UK © 2020, Nicholas Bayne. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC-BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited • DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2020v35.004 Why Ross Survived When Franklin Died: Arctic Explorers and the Inuit, 1829–1848 Nicholas Bayne Abstract The Franklin expedition disappeared in the High Arctic in the 1840s, looking for the North-West Passage. -
The Wrecks of Franklin's Ships Erebus and Terror; Their Likely Location and the Cause of Failure of Previous Search Expedition
The Journal of the Hakluyt Society March 2010 The wrecks of Franklin’s ships Erebus and Terror; their likely location and the cause of failure of previous search expeditions Robin M. Rondeau Introduction In May 1845 Sir John Franklin left England in command of two Royal Navy ships, Erebus and Terror. The expedition’s mission was to sail first to Greenland and then into Lancaster Sound in the eastern Arctic, after which it would continue west in search of a route to Alaska and hence discover the elusive Northwest Passage. But in September 1846 both ships became trapped in the ice in Larsen Sound, to the north of King William Island. Sir John Franklin died the following June of unknown causes. A year later, on 22 April 1848, both crews abandoned their ships and headed south on foot. On 26 April, after making landfall at Victory Point at the northwestern extremity of King William Island, the expedition’s remaining 105 men continued south, following the coast. Their destination was most likely a Hudson Bay Company trading post far to the south on the North American mainland. Tragically, it was too great a distance for them. The loss of the Franklin Expedition has been described as the Victorian equivalent of the ‘Challenger’ space shuttle disaster.1 It remains the Arctic’s worst maritime disaster, and it initiated the largest search and rescue effort in history. Thirty-eight expeditions in the second half of the nineteenth century attempted to determine what had become of Franklin’s men and ships, all to no avail.2 Where and when? The first hard evidence of the fate of Franklin’s men came during the 1857–9 ‘Fox Expedition’, lead by Captain Francis L. -
Franklin's Lost Ship: the Historic Discover of H.M.S. Erebus, by John Geiger and Alanna Mitchell
108 • REVIEWS FRANKLIN’S LOST SHIP: THE HISTORIC Otter, Harris and his dive team were able to make further DISCOVERY OF H.M.S. EREBUS. By JOHN GEIGER and dives on the wreck via a hole cut in the ice. They were able ALANNA MITCHELL. Toronto: HarperCollins Publishers to take a further series of spectacular photos of the wreck Ltd. ISBN 978-1-44344-417-0. 201 p., maps, b&w and to raise one of the ship’s brass six-pounder cannons. and colour illus., endnotes, bibliography. Hardbound. Geiger and Mitchell describe the exciting events of the Cdn$39.99. 2014 expedition in considerable detail, and their text is accompanied by spectacular photos of the wreck and of On 19 May 1845, HMS Erebus and Terror sailed from the Arctic landscape. Having no expertise in the techni- London under the command of Sir John Franklin, with the cal aspects of the underwater search, this reviewer has to aim of completing the first transit of the Northwest Passage assume that the descriptions of the search are accurate. The from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. On 17 September various stages of the search and the dives are covered in 2014, underwater archeologists Ryan Harris and Jonathan chapters that alternate with chapters on the history of Sir Moore of Parks Canada dived on the wreck of HMS Ere- John Franklin, his final voyage, and the extensive searches bus, to find it sitting almost upright and surprisingly intact that were subsequently mounted for the missing ships. in only 11 m of water in Queen Maud Gulf, in the general Unfortunately these chapters are strewn with errors, which area where Inuit traditional accounts maintain that the ship greatly lower the value of the book as a historical source. -
Tab 008 RM001 2015 Mar 9 Summary of the 2015 Hydrographic Survey
SUBMISSION TO THE NUNAVUT WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR Information: X Decision: Issue: Summary of the 2015 Hydrographic Survey Plan for the Arctic. Background: It should be noted that the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) conduct hydrographic surveys with the primary goal of updating official Government of Canada navigational products to the benefit of enhanced navigation safety. Data from hydrographic surveys has additional utility for those conducting everything from fisheries research, coastal zone management, to geo-hazards analysis. Here’s a summary of the CHS plans for the Arctic in 2015: 1) Western Arctic Survey Purpose: To collect modern bathymetry on an opportunity basis in Coronation Gulf, Queen Maud Gulf and Simpson Strait in order to facilitate enhanced navigational products to the benefit of vessels transiting this area. This work will be conducted while the Coast Guard are conducting their annual Aids Maintenance program. Platforms: Icebreaker CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier, CHS survey launches Kinglett and Gannett. Dates: August 5th to 28th, 2015. 2) Victoria Strait Survey Purpose: CHS will expand the modern hydrographic data coverage through Victoria Strait as a result of participating in a multi-departmental initiative led by Parks Canada whose aim is to locate the remaining lost vessel HMS Terror from the Franklin Expedition of 1846. All CHS data collected will be used to update or produce navigational publications. Note: The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) vessel may also be tasked to conduct hydrographic operations prior to or immediately after this survey in the northerly portion of Milne Inlet, Baffin Island. Platforms: Icebreaker CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier, CHS survey launches Kinglett and Gannett and a RCN vessel (Kingston Class), name to be determined. -
Download Oa File
wkw cspmiq5 Nk3k5 Inuit Qaujimaningit Nanurnut Inuit Knowledge of Polar Bears A project of the Gjoa Haven Hunters’ and Trappers’ Organization Prepared by Darren Keith with Jerry Arqviq, Louie Kamookak and Jackie Ameralik and the Gjoa Haven Hunters’ and Trappers’ Organization © 2005 Gjoa Haven Hunters’ and Trappers’ Organization and CCI Press Inuit Qaujimaningit Nanurnut Inuit Knowledge of Polar Bears Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Main entry under title Inuit Qaujimaningit Nanurnut = Inuit Knowledge of Polar Bears/ Darren Keith … [et al.] (Solstice Series, no. 4) Co-published by the Gjoa Haven Hunters’ and Trappers’ Organization Includes bibliographical references ISBN 1-896445-32-2 ISSN 1709-5824 Solstice Series No. 4 1. Polar bear hunting – Canada, Northern. 2. Inuit – hunting. 3. Inuit – hunting – Nunavut -- Gjoa Haven Region. 4. Polar bear. I. Keith (Darren Edward), 1967 --. II. Gjoa Haven Hunters’ and Trappers’ Organization. IlI. Title: Inuit knowledge of polar Bears. IV. Series E99.E7159 2005 639’.11786’0899712 C2005-900905-5 All rights reserved. © 2005 Gjoa Haven Hunters’ and Trappers’ Organization and CCI Press Inuktitut summary by Norman Keenainak and Nick Amautinnuar Printed in Canada by art design printing, inc. Cover design by art design printing, inc. Cover and inside illustrations by Danny Aluk The publication of this volume was made possible by a grant from the World Wildlife Federation. ii A project of the Gjoa Haven Hunters’ and Trappers’ Organization Table of Contents Preface v Acknowledgements -
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 – SEAL WATERSHED .............................................................................................................................................. 4 2 - THLEWIAZA WATERSHED ................................................................................................................................. 5 3 - GEILLINI WATERSHED ....................................................................................................................................... 7 4 - THA-ANNE WATERSHED .................................................................................................................................... 8 5 - THELON WATERSHED ........................................................................................................................................ 9 6 - DUBAWNT WATERSHED .................................................................................................................................. 11 7 - KAZAN WATERSHED ........................................................................................................................................ 13 8 - BAKER LAKE WATERSHED ............................................................................................................................. 15 9 - QUOICH WATERSHED ....................................................................................................................................... 17 10 - CHESTERFIELD INLET WATERSHED ..........................................................................................................