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The Death and Resurrection of Christ in the Soteriology

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The Death and Resurrection of Christ in the Soteriology THE DEATH AND RESURRECTION OF CHRIST IN THE SOTERIOLOGY OF ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM by George H. Wright, Jr., A.B. A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University in Partial Fulfillment of the Re­ quirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Milwaukee, Wisconsin July, 1966 PREFACE It i. quite evident that there ha. been a movement durinl the pa.t thirty years or .0 away hOll an empba.ia on the death of Chriat to a focus on the Re.urreetion, or at l.alt to an interpre- tatioo which .how. tb4t death and reaurnction are intell'&l1y one. Thia reDewed intereat in the ailDiflcan,ee of Chrht·. re.urrection ha. been the ocea.ion fora re-exaeinatlon of many, if not all, area. of theology, includinl the QY area of .otedology. Recent UM' have abo witn.... d a renewed inter•• t in Pattiatic studie.. Th. school of Antioch, In particular,. ha. belUD to be ••en in a more favorable 11Cht. Wlth rare exe.ptionl, the theololian. of thia .ehool hav., until r.cently, b.en totally for- lot ten or 41 __ i •••d a. heretie.. Th. critlci.. that was leveled malnly .t the extreme po.ition. tekeD by individual. luch a. Ne.toriu. haft overahadowed the coapletely ol'th04ox beUd. of many Antiochene theololian•• CBJ:e of the 1'8"00. for _kiDI thh .tudy .... to dileover what place the AntiocheD" live to Chri.t'. death and re.urrection in their teachine about the Redemption. Thh va. done not only out of an intere.t in the current .pha.h OIl the Re.urrection and in the Antiochene School, but .... liven impetus by the di.covery that there doe. not I •• to be alre..aut amoaa .eholar. recardtDa the role of t it iii Christ's death and re.\.Irrectlon in the .otadololY of the Eastern Father•• It wa. decided to .tudy the .erl\Oll. of John Olry.oatoca, as a repr.. entative of the Sehool of Antioch, mainly because o~ the significant amount of hie WTitin&. available in tranllation. Also, no docttdnal .yntb.lb ot Chryaoltom'l theo1oIY hal been mitten .... for reaaon. diicu.. ed in Ch4ptel' I -- and little information is avan .. able which indicates how tbla great blabop and preaeber incorpot'IUes the central eventl of death and resurrection into bis .oteriololY. The purpo.e, th$refore, for rudin, all of ChrYlo8tom', writina. in translation bas be.n to discover bow he witnuaee to the death and the reaurre.ction of Chd,st al they relate to l'edemption. Thi. i, done mainly by a.,embling statementl found in the practical and moral exhortations of his biblical COllllQenta~ies. It will be empha­ sized throughout the fol1owina paae. that there is alway. the dancer of readina into ChrYlo. • tom or of eitabUab1na catagodea in which to place hh .tat_nt. that may not always be eon.istent with h18 thouaht. The molt obv10ul inltances where thl. may occur, however, are mention- ed in footnote •• A. a final word, it IiiUlt be empha.bed that the pr.. ent thed. att.ptl to diseoveT the relation w)Ubh Chry.ostOll makes b.tween •• lYa. don and the death and resurrection of Christ. The rea.ons he ..... to .phaod.e the savilll benefit. of Chrilt t. 4uth are not the c.OQeern of thl. study, even tbouah leveral pO.libilitiel are aUII•• ted in the • final chapter. tv The author whhea to thank Fr. Be1!'Nlrd 3 • Cooke. $ .• 3., for hit helpful .u"•• tion. 1n the preparation and nvhion of this .tudy, and to ,ratefully aekilowled&e the advice .nd encouragement given hj:m by the faculty and students of the 'ftleololY Depar~nt a.t Marquette Univel'aity. v TABLE OF tONTEm::; Chapter Page I. INtRODUCTION Life. Work, Wri tings The Life of St. John Chrysostom. • • • 1 The WQrk of Chry$Qstom. • • • • 2 The Wri Ungs of Chrysostom. .' • • · .' 5 ChrysoJltom and the Antliochene School .' .' . The Relation of Cht:!Y'$ostom ttl) the Antioehene: School • .' • • • ;0' • • It ~ . ' ,. 6 Antioehene Exe,gesis • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 7 Chrysoatoml's Exegesis and IU.. Theology ••••••• 8 Chryso8tom and Antiochene Soteriology Antiocbene Anthropoloey al'ld the KUllan Na,tute of Christ. • •• • • • • • • • • • • .' • • • 11 AntioehaDe SOtedologlqal Theorie. of lQq)lanationa • " • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 12 Cbl'YS08tlom and Christ' 8 n.a th and Re8urrecti,oo. • • '. • • • • • • • • • • _ • .. .. • • 15 II. THE RELATION OF CHRISTiS DEATP TO SALVAT10N Death and the Devil, SiQ, JUatlfieatiOQ, Reconeiliation The Devil and the 'Dtath of Cbdn • • , • • • • •• 18 .sin and the Death of Christ • • • • • • • • • • •• 20 JUiltUtcaticm and the DNtb of Chrht • • • • • •• H ReconciliatiOQ ODd the Death of Christ. • • .. • •• 22 Th. Powef of Christ's Death, Ji;apedaUy the Power of Hi. Blood .' 'rbe<POthll1 of the neath of Ch:rht. , . • • • ~ '. fe, 23 Th. 'ower of the Blood of Chri.t., • • • • • • '. •• 26 .ptblll and the Duth of Chrht. • • • • • • • .. • • •• 31 The Eucta..1:.'tand ~. ne.th of Cllriat •••••••' •• , 37 ~tI . THE RELATION OF CHRIST'S RESURRBCTION r~ SALVATION Re.urreetlon through De.ath • • ., .... __ ,. • • • • " • '. >, 4. Tbe Power of Christ', aeaurreetlon • • • • • • • • • 54 Thf/ Resurrection of Chri., i. Baptiaim al'ld the Euchartst Bapthm 6n6 the R4.uir~ti,cm. .' • .. • .. • • • .' ,< 60 The ~uehari.t and the ae.urreetlon of Chri. t • • • • • • It '. • • • • • • • . ' • • 62 Th. Death a.nd ltesurrection ~fCbd.t Together as · .' 00. Eval: or Sl,na1eC.ua. of SalvaUon. • • 64 CONCWDlN(; 088ERVA'ftONS. • • ~ 67 • • • . .. '. • • ... .' .. • • • • Bl8L!OORAPItY • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • . .' . • • . .' . • • • • 69 vi ABBREVIAT IONS Hoa.- -Aeta Ha.ill.a ~ Act. lapt. lllat. Iap,I... 1 lftatructlona -H_. -Col. 8oal1t•• aD Colo •• tan. -HOIII~ 1 Cor. Ho.l11 •• OIl FIr.t Corlnthlaol !!!!. 2 Cor. Ha.UI.. OIl S.cond Corinthian. -Hom. !.!h* Horaill.. OIl Eph.sian. -Hom. -Gal. a_iU•• on oalaUan. -HOIII~" -H.b. Hoal11 •• OIl H.~r... !!!!. ~. H_Ul•• OIl John ~. !!!.. HQII111.. on Metbhcv --HOII. Pl.. JlG.dU•• on Philemon -HOII. -Phil. 8_Ul.. OIl Ph:Ulpplan. -HOIl. -a«*. Homill •• OIl ROSIn. -HOlII. 1 Tlaa. If_iU., OIl 'hat Timothy -HOII. 2 T .... Ha.1ll•• aD S.~ODd Timothy -HOII. -Tit. 80.111.a OIl Tltu. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION tife; Work, Wtltin,a The tife of St • . Jolin ChtyaoatOll\ ..... John ChTysostOJl1 vas born between l44aud 354 to ..a1thy pannU at Antioch in Syda. 1hI va. raised and ed':lcated 1n hb youth by hit pious mother, Anthusa. tater, he studie'" Thetodc under L:1banius and Chrhttan Doctrine under Mel.dus, patriarch of Antioeh. A. a younl IUn, he rejected an earUer lnten.tin the theat're "d the law coutrteto give his tf.tae to p-rayer and the study of SCTipture. He was baptised in 369, waf ordained to the office of re.det', and beaan to study wdet' Diodorua, bhhop of Tarsus. Between 374 and 3eO be lived al a he~it in a mountain cay., when be continued to ned tbe Scriptures. He Tetumed to Antioch, wa, ordained a priest in 386, and for the next ten years enjoyed areat success as a pnaebe't in 'the c.ity'. prindpt.lchurch. The patdarehate of CooUafttlnoplebeume vacant in 398, and Chry'Oltomva. I.leeted, a.alnst his vlll, to be the new bishop. ae­ cause of his atteSllpu to nlol'lll the epheopal oU'ce and the court, conflict .oon .TOle tilth .evet:al clvU ludu.. After a •• rt.. of dla­ putes with thtt _perot' and hh {oUu.ntial vUe, Budoxia, CA'ty.o.toca va. caUed in 403 to the Synod of Oak by TbeophUut,the Bl.bop of Ale.. ndria, to answer to 'OM tT.,ed up cbal'le.. Without eVidence, he 2 was banhhed by tbeemperoq however, because of subsequent events, be was welcomed back. Aftlu' a tetnpor_ry peace, he was aga1n exUed in 404 and sent on a long journey into the Taurus mountain. where he I died io 401. The Work ¢If Chrysostom.-- Since the close of tbe fifth ceott!ry, th" naflle "Golden Mouth" bas been given to John of Antioch 1.n recogni- t i on of his eloquence as a preacher and a moralist. It was through 1 . • Thh sketch of the chronology of Chrysostom s lih was taken from the following sources, many of which also give iniiormation on his character, WOT~, theology, etc., pege number. are for information on lifel -- Berthold Altaner, Patrology, trans. Hilda C. Graef (Frei­ burg. Herder, 1960), pp. 373ft ••- Doneld At~ter, St. John Cnry.os­ t()gl, The Vole-eo! Go~d (MU~ukeu The Bruce Publishing Company, 1939), the entire book, with chart,p. 202. -. Otto Bardenhewer:, Patrologx, tranj. Thomas J. Shahan (St. Louisa B. Horder, 1908) , pp. 323-28. -- G. Bardy, "Jean ChrysostOllle (Saint)," Dictionnatre de Th'ololie Catholique, VIII, part I (1924), aols. 661-67. -- G. Bardy, The Gnek Literature of the Earl Chris~ian Church, trans. Mother Mary Reginald, O.P. St. Louis: B. Herd,; Book Company, 1929), p. 115. _. James Marshall Campbell, The Greek Fathers (New York. Longmana, Green and Co., 1929), p. 68. _. W. A. Jurgens, trans., The Prlest;hoQd of St. John Chrysostom (N(;w York: Ttl!:. MacmU '-an Company, 1955), p. xix. -- Maycock, lOA Word About St •. John Chry.ostom," The Month; 144 (September, 1924), 214 .. 220. _.. Johanna. Quasteft. PatrOIOIY, Vol. tIl (We.tlllinstart Marylandi The Newman Press, 1963), pp. 424-25. u St. John Chry80.tom, S.ptiamalln.truetion., trans. Paul W. Harkins, Vol. 31 in Ancient Chdatian \-lriter" The Works of the Fathers in Tranalation, ed. Johanne. Quasten and Waltel'J. Burghardt, S • .J:-rW•• t­ min.tef, Maryland. The Newman Preas., 1963), pp. 3-6. --Philip Schaff, '''lbe L!fe and Work of St. John Chrysostom, It in St, John Chrysostom, On the Priesthood, Ascetic Treatisesl Select Homilie. and Letters, Homilie. on the Statuea, trana.
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