Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Návrh

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Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Návrh VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA STROJNÍHO INŽENÝRSTVÍ ÚSTAV AUTOMOBILNÍHO A DOPRAVNÍHO INŽENÝRSTVÍ FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING NÁVRH HPV DESIGN OF HPV DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE MASTER’S THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE BC. ADAM SCHNEIDER AUTHOR VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE DOC. ING. ZDENĚK KAPLAN, CSC. SUPERVISOR BRNO 2011 ʧ•±µ7 «8»²3 ¬»½¸²·½µ7 ª Þ®²4ô Ú¿µ«´¬¿ •¬®±¶²3¸± ·²‚»²#®•¬ª3 F•¬¿ª ¿«¬±³±¾·´²3¸± ¿ ¼±°®¿ª²3¸± ·²‚»²#®•¬ª3 ßµ¿¼»³·½µ# ®±µæ îðïðñîðïï ÆßÜ_ÒS Ü×ÐÔÑÓÑÊW ÐÎ_ÝÛ •¬«¼»²¬øµ¿÷æ Þ½ò ß¼¿³ ͽ¸²»·¼»® µ¬»®#ñµ¬»®? •¬«¼«¶» ª ³¿¹·•¬»®•µ7³ ²¿ª¿¦«¶3½3³ •¬«¼·¶²3³ °®±¹®¿³« ±¾±®æ ß«¬±³±¾·´²3 ¿ ¼±°®¿ª²3 ·²‚»²#®•¬ª3 øîíðïÌðíè÷ H»¼·¬»´ &•¬¿ª« Ê?³ ª •±«´¿¼« •» ¦?µ±²»³ 8òïïïñïççè ± ª§•±µ#½¸ †µ±´?½¸ ¿ •» ͬ«¼·¶²3³ ¿ ¦µ«†»¾²3³ (?¼»³ ÊËÌ ª Þ®²4 «®8«¶» ²?•´»¼«¶3½3 ¬7³¿ ¼·°´±³±ª7 °®?½»æ Ò?ª®¸ ØÐÊ ª ¿²¹´·½µ7³ ¶¿¦§½»æ Ü»•·¹² ±º ØÐÊ Í¬®«8²? ½¸¿®¿µ¬»®·•¬·µ¿ °®±¾´»³¿¬·µ§ &µ±´«æ ʧ°®¿½«¶¬» ·¼»±ª# ²?ª®¸ ²»¬®¿¼·8²3¸± •·´²·8²3¸± ª±¦·¼´¿ °±¸?²4²7¸± ´·¼•µ±« •·´±«ò Ü·°´±³±ª? °®?½» ¾«¼» ±¾•¿¸±ª¿¬æ ó±¾»½²# &ª±¼ ¼± °®±¾´»³¿¬·µ§ ØÐÊô ó·¼»±ª# ²?ª®¸ °±¸±²« ØÐÊô óµ±²•¬®«µ8²3 ²?ª®¸ ®?³«ô 󰻪²±•¬²3 µ±²¬®±´« ®?³«ô óª#µ®»• •»•¬¿ª§ ®?³«ô óª#µ®»•§ ª§¾®¿²#½¸ •±«8?•¬3 ª±¦·¼´¿ò Ý3´» ¼·°´±³±ª7 °®?½»æ Ѿ•¿¸»³ °®?½» ¶» ·¼»±ª# ²?ª®¸ ²»¬®¿¼·8²3¸± •·´²·8²3¸± ª±¦·¼´¿ °±¸?²4²7¸± ´·¼•µ±« •·´±«ô ª8»¬²4 µ±²•¬®«µ8²3¸± ²?ª®¸« ®?³«ò Í»¦²¿³ ±¼¾±®²7 ´·¬»®¿¬«®§æ ß´´¿² Êò ß¾¾±¬¬ô Ü¿ª·¼ Ù±®¼±² É·´•±²æ Ø«³¿² б©»®»¼ Ê»¸·½´»• Ê»¼±«½3 ¼·°´±³±ª7 °®?½»æ ¼±½ò ײ¹ò Ƽ»²4µ Õ¿°´¿²ô Ýͽò Ì»®³3² ±¼»ª¦¼?²3 ¼·°´±³±ª7 °®?½» ¶» •¬¿²±ª»² 8¿•±ª#³ °´?²»³ ¿µ¿¼»³·½µ7¸± ®±µ« îðïðñîðïïò Ê Þ®²4ô ¼²» ïçòïïòîðïð ÔòÍò ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ °®±ºò ײ¹ò Ê?½´¿ª Ð3†¬4µô ܮͽò °®±ºò ÎÒÜ®ò Ó·®±•´¿ª ܱ«°±ª»½ô Ýͽò H»¼·¬»´ &•¬¿ª« Ü4µ¿² º¿µ«´¬§ Anotace Práce se zabývá vozidly na lidský pohon. Obsahuje jejich historii, rozdělení, příklady, ale především návrh nového netradičního vozidla s unikátní pohonnou soustavou. Klíčová slova HPV, jízdní kolo, šlapání, veslování Annotation This thesis deals with human powered vehicles. It contains history, division, examples of these vehicles, but especially design of quite new vehicle with an unique driving mechanism. Keywords HPV, bicycle, pedalling, rowing Bibliografická citace SCHNEIDER, A. Návrh HPV. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. 101 s. Vedoucí diplomové práce doc. Ing. Zdeněk Kaplan, CSc.. Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že tato práce je mým původním dílem, zpracoval jsem ji samostatně pod vedením doc. Ing. Zdeňka Kaplana, CSc. a s použitím literatury uvedené v seznamu. V Brně dne 26. května 2011 …….……..………………………………………….. Adam Schneider Poděkování Děkuji touto cestou doc. Ing. Zdeňku Kaplanovi, CSc. za nabídnutí velmi zajímavého tématu pro závěrečnou práci a podporu při jejím zpracování. Velmi děkuji celé své rodině za to, že mi umožnila absolvovat vysokoškolské studium zakončené touto prací. Obsah Obsah ÚVOD ........................................................................................................................................................... 10 1 HISTORIE HPV .................................................................................................................................. 11 1.1 HISTORIE BICYKLŮ ............................................................................................................................ 11 2 BEZPEČNÝ PROVOZ HPV ............................................................................................................... 16 3 LEGISLATIVA PRO HPV ................................................................................................................. 19 4 MOŽNOSTI POHONU HPV .............................................................................................................. 22 4.1 ŠLAPÁNÍ ............................................................................................................................................ 22 4.2 RUČNÍ ROTAČNÍ POHON...................................................................................................................... 23 4.3 VESLOVÁNÍ ....................................................................................................................................... 24 5 VYBRANÁ HPV.................................................................................................................................. 27 5.1 BEZPEČNÉ JÍZDNÍ KOLO ...................................................................................................................... 27 5.2 LEHOKOLO ........................................................................................................................................ 28 5.3 AZUB 5 ............................................................................................................................................. 30 5.4 SCULLTREK ....................................................................................................................................... 30 5.5 ROWBIKE .......................................................................................................................................... 31 5.6 ROWINGBIKE ..................................................................................................................................... 32 6 VOLBA KONCEPCE HPV ................................................................................................................. 34 6.1 VOLBA POHONU HPV ........................................................................................................................ 34 7 OBJASNĚNÍ FUNKCE POHONU ..................................................................................................... 35 8 JEDNOTLIVÉ KONSTRUKČNÍ PRVKY ......................................................................................... 37 8.1 ŘEMENOVÝ PŘEVOD .......................................................................................................................... 37 8.1.1 Ozubený řemen ........................................................................................................................ 37 8.1.2 Řemenice ................................................................................................................................. 40 8.2 ŘETĚZOVÝ PŘEVOD............................................................................................................................ 42 8.3 POHON PAŽEMI .................................................................................................................................. 43 8.3.1 Požadavky a příslušná řešení ................................................................................................... 44 8.4 KLUZÁK ............................................................................................................................................ 52 8.4.1 Veslování ................................................................................................................................. 53 8.4.2 Šlapání .................................................................................................................................... 55 8.4.3 Jednotlivé díly kluzáku ............................................................................................................. 55 8.5 RÁM.................................................................................................................................................. 59 8.5.1 Požadavky na rám .................................................................................................................... 60 8.5.2 Možné varianty rámu ............................................................................................................... 66 8.5.3 Materiál rámu .......................................................................................................................... 69 9 PROVOZNÍ VLASTNOSTI VOZIDLA ............................................................................................. 70 9.1 PŘEVODY VOZIDLA ............................................................................................................................ 70 9.1.1 Pohon nohami .......................................................................................................................... 70 9.1.2 Pohon pažemi .......................................................................................................................... 73 9.2 POLOMĚR OTÁČENÍ ............................................................................................................................ 75 9.3 STOUPAVOST ..................................................................................................................................... 75 9.3.1 Těžiště soustavy ....................................................................................................................... 75 Brno 2011 8 Obsah 9.3.2 Výpočet stoupavosti ................................................................................................................. 77 10 PEVNOSTNÍ KONTROLA RÁMU.................................................................................................... 79 10.1 VÝPOČTOVÝ SOFTWARE ................................................................................................................ 79 10.2 VÝPOČTOVÝ MODEL ...................................................................................................................... 80 10.3 OKRAJOVÉ PODMÍNKY ..................................................................................................................
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