Questionnaire Summary of the Main Activities of a Research Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
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The Essay As a Form of Expressing an Active Personality
Personal Ethos in the Literature of Slovak and Czech Dissidents: The Essay as a Form of Expressing an Active Personality Mária Bátorová Institute of World Literature, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Konventná 13, SK-813 64 Bratislava [email protected] This article discusses texts by selected authors from the period of »consolidation« in Czechoslovakia. The first part briefly outlines the sociohistorical context of dissident writing. Keywords: literature and ethics/ Czech literature / Slovak literature / dissidence / dissident writers / social role / essay Introduction Twentieth-century art cannot do without reflection on significant social problems, without artists’ focus on man and his diverse, varied existence. However, it is important to distinguish whether this is done only through the prism of a subjective view of artists with an emphasis on descriptions of their own maladies and experience, without any concentration on any abstract meaning and scope, without great conceptions and transpersonal goals. Such “talking about oneself” has reduced art to a trivial level of common everyday conversations. Few writers have been able to grasp the trivial authenticity that mod- ernism allowed in art at the beginning of the twentieth century, in a way that made it art with propositions of the fundamental problems of life. For the outstanding personalities living under the totalitarian conditions of the Warsaw Pact countries after the Second World War, it was the essay that became their genre of narration, through which they were most capable of reflecting reality. Faced with the diversity and ambiguity of the current of modern movements, as well as their postmodern continuations, entropy became entrenched in thinking about literature and art. -
Slovak Literature and Culture from the “Postcolonial” Perspective
Slovak Literature and Culture from the “Postcolonial” Perspective Mária Bátorová The Institute of World Literature, The Slovak Academy of Sciences, Konventná 13, 813 64 Bratislava Faculty of Law, Comenius University in Bratislava, Račianska 59, 831 02 Bratislava [email protected] The study mainly deals with a state of Slovak culture and literature during the period of ideological supervision of the USSR in Czechoslovakia. By looking at two types of authors, through their life stories and analyses of their work the study defines two types of dissent in Slovakia: 1) after the year 1968, 2) after the years 1950 and 1968. The study points out to the parameters of the Western thought (partly also retrospectively) in the Slovak alternative culture and literature, their resistant strength and fight for freedom of thought against the ideological “colonization” and manipulation of consciousness. Keywords: literature and ideology / Slovak literature / Slovak culture / Soviet Union / dissidence The study poses a question if the postcolonial literary science, focused on cultures of the so-called Third world, allows for a country in the middle of Europe (but maybe also somewhere else), such as Slovakia, to show signs of the postcolonial country and culture. What is meant is the state of research in literary science in a free country – in Slovakia, when cur- rent research has been additionally gathering records of culture and lit- erature, which are alternative to the hegemonic socialist and communist ones. Parallel or alternative culture is very significant, as it holds signs of idiosyncrasy and identity. At the same time it exhibits a high quality and a complex connection with the scholarship of western culture and its value scale. -
Pavol Strauss – a Genius Outsider
DOI: 10.14746/por.2018.2.16 PAVOL STRAUSS – A GENIUS OUTSIDER tibor Žilka1 (Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre) Keywords: totalitarianism, surrealism, Catholic poet, Slovak literature, essayistic prose, medicine, music Słowa kluczowe: totalitarianizm, surrealizm, poeta katolicki, literatura słowacka, proza eseistyczna, medycyna, muzyka Abstract: Tibor Žilka, PAVOL STRAUSS – A GENIUS OUTSIDER. “PORÓWNANIA” 2 (23), 2018. Vol. XXVIII, P. 227-237. ISSN 1733-165X. The aim of this paper regarding Pavol Strauss‘ Lit- erary Work in the Central European Context is to introduce Pavol Strauss as a man and a writer, who was with his heart and soul a Central European. He had a strong bound to this territory spatially and temporally. At first, he was chased as a Jew, later on in the age of 30 he converted into Catholic. During the period of Stalinism, they considered him a second-class citizen, and he was wrongly called the clero-fascists however he was a believing Catholic. He was literally active in the second half of the 1930s, when he published two poetic collections in German. His poems in German were influenced by avant-garde which he became in touch with in Prague – its literary atmosphere defined Pavol Strauss’ literary experiments and further orientation. When speaking of Prague, also think of Franz Kafka, Franz Werfel and, of course, Reiner Maria Rilke. From the literary point of view, Pavol Strauss with his literary essays reached the highest level along with famous authors (R. Musil, K. Kraus, H. Broch). For his 82 years long life, Pavol Strauss cured many patients and left rare books of a unique philosophical dimension. -
Comparative Approaches and Identifying Modernism Mária Bátorová
worldworld l literatureiterature Studie StudieSS 1 1••1 1(18) (18) • • 2009 2009 (62 (1 –70)–112) Modern and Non-Modern Conservativism: Comparative approaches and identifying štúdie / articlesModernism Mária Bátorová institute of world literature SaS ‘Literature is a place on the border, somewhere to cross boundaries.’ A. Compagnon1 In this paper I have in mind what art, especially literature, means for the modern per- son — whether and how literature can influence the direction and development of a human life, and thus in turn of humankind. Whether literature is something written by an author and then interpreted by the theorist; or whether the author is simultane- ously writer and interpreter in one. The approach I take — one of permanent compar- ing and of looking to the context of individual items — is based on Ďurišin’s theory of typological and genetic comparison. I have dealt with the theory elsewhere and I have also developed aspects of it in relation to interdisciplinary analysis and studies of discourse. For a more comprehensive discussion, see the introductory chapter, ‘Kontextualisierung des literarischen Werkes’, of my monograph.2 My speculations follow the direction of A. Compagnon whose work draws on the research of the past two decades to do with the meaning of art and the notion of mimesis as recognition. Compagnon weaves threads from the works of Frey, Ricoeur and Ginzburg, whose convoluted theoretical questions are elaborated in the third chapter, ‘Svet’ (The World) of his book, Démon teórie (Literature, Theory, and Common Sense). In the earlier chapters Compagnon has tried to come to a definition of literature, focusing mainly on the subject of the author and his or her intention.