DOCSLIB.ORG

組織學實驗：生殖系統 Histology Laboratory : Reproductive System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
組織學實驗：生殖系統 Histology Laboratory : Reproductive System 組織學實驗：生殖系統 Histology laboratory : Reproductive system 實驗講義 : 陳世杰 老師 Shih-Chieh Chen, PhD. 李怡琛 Yi-Chen Lee 劉俊馳 Chun-Chih Liu 張昭元 Chao-Yuah Chang 張瀛双 Ying-Shuang Chang :07-3121101 ext 2144-15 :[email protected] Please study these slides before coming to the class! Sources of the Pictures & Text Wheater’s Functional Histology (4th ed) B. Young & J. W. Heath Histology: A Text and Atlas (4th ed) M.H. Ross & W. Pawlina Color Atlas of Histology (4th ed) L.P. Gartner & J.L. Hiatt Photomicrograph Taken by Department of anatomy, Kaohsiung Medical University Learning Objectives • Understand the organization of the testis and its various compartments. • Recognize the cytological differences among the developing germ cells during spermatogenesis. • Identify and distinguish histologically the various parts of the duct system which are responsible for transportation and storage of the sperm. • Identify the structures of the prostate gland • Understand the overall organization of the ovary. • Identify the growing ovarian follicles at different developmental stages • Identify the corpus luteum, corpus albicans, and the atretic follicles. • Identify the constitutional layers of the uterine tube & uterus • Recognize histological features of the cervix and vagina. • Understand the structures of the mammary gland. To observe the microscopic structures of the following tissue slides 93W7206 Testis (sect), ih Q-1-b Testis, h&e 93W7214 Epididymis (sect), h&e NQ-3-d Spermatic cord, h&e, 單 93W7236 Prostate, Senile (sect), h&e 93W7241 Sperm (sm), ih 93W7260 Ovary Mature (sect), h&e 93W5540 Ovary, Corpus Luteum (sect), h&e 93W7283 Oviduct (cs), h&e 93W7306 Uterus, Progravid Phase (sect), h&e R-4-c Cervix uteri, h&e, 單 93W7334 Vagina (ls), h&e NR-6-a Mammary gland, Inactive, h&e, human, 單 NR-6-b Mammary gland, Active, h&e, human, 單 BV L TA S X X Fig. 1, Q-1-b, Testis, h&e BV X L BV TA S Fig. 2, 93W7206, Testis, ih Fig. 1 & 2, Q-1-b, Testis, h&e；93W7206, Testis, ih The seminiferous tubules and the tunica albuginea (TA or capsule) of the testis organ are identified in this section. Extending from the capsule are connective tissue septa (S) that divide the organ into several ( about 250) compartments or lobules. Each compartment (L – corresponding to a lobule) contains coiled seminiferous tubules. Blood vessels (BV) are abundant under the capsule that located between the tunica albuginea and seminiferous tubules is referred as the tunica vasculosa. The branches of the blood vessels extending within the connective tissue septa are also observed. The seminiferous tubules are convoluted, therefore, the profiles of them present in a section are variable in appearance. Sometimes, the wall of a tubule is sectioned tangentially, thus obscuring the lumen and revealing what appears to be a solid mass of cells (X). Sp Sg LC Sc S Fig. 3, Q-1-b, Testis, h&e S LC Sg Sc Sp Fig. 4, 93W7206, Testis, ih Fig. 3 & 4, Q-1-b, Testis, h&e；93W7206, Testis, ih Examination of the tubule epithelium reveals two kinds of cells: a proliferating population of spermatogenic cells and a non-proliferating population, the Sertoli cells (S). The Sertoli cells are considerably fewer and can be recognized by their elongate, trangular, pale-staining nuclei and conspicuous nucleolus. The Sertoli cell extends from the periphery of the tubule to the lumen. The spermatogenic cells consist of successive generations arranged in concentric layers. The spermatogonia (Sg) are found at the periphery. The spermatocytes (Sc), most of them have large round nuclei with a distinctive chromatin pattern, come to lie above the spermatogonia. The spermatid (Sp) consists of one or two generations and occupies the site closest to the lumen. In high magnification, it reveals a population of Leydig cells (LC) that occur in small clusters and lie in the interstitial space between adjacent tubules. They are readily identified by their location, small round nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm. CT BV S B T Fig. 5, 93W7214, Epididymis, h&e Fig. 5, 93W7214, Epididymis, h&e The duct of the epididymis is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium which contains two distinguishable cell types: tall columnar cells (T) and basal cells (B). The free surface of the cell possesses stereocilia (not shown here). These are extremely long and branching microvilli. They evidently adhere to each other during the preparation of the tissue to form the fine tapering structures (arrow) that are characteristically seen with the light microscope. The nuclei of the columnar cells are elongated and are located a moderate distance from the base of the cell. They are distinguished from the spherical nuclei of the basal cells that lie close to the basement membrane. Because of the unusual height of the columnar cells and the tortuosity of the duct, an uneven lumen appears in some sites. A thin layer of smooth muscle (S) circumscribes the duct. Beyond the smooth muscle coat, there is a small amount of connective tissue (CT) that binds the loops of the duct together and carries the blood vessels (BV) and nerves. OL MC IL LP L PCE Fig. 6, NQ-3-d, Spermatic cord, h&e BV N CM Fig. 7, NQ-3-d, Spermatic cord, h&e Fig. 6 & 7, NQ-3-d, Spermatic cord, h&e The ductus deferens and some of the blood vessels (BV), nerves (N) and cremaster muscles (CM) accompaning the duct in the spermatic cord are shown in this cross section. The wall of the ductus deferens is extremely thick, mostly because of the presence of abundent smooth muscle. During the preparation of the tissue, The muscle contracted and caused the mucosa to form longitudinal folds. For this reason, the lumen (L) usually appears irregular in the section. The smooth muscle of the ductus deferens is arranged as a thick outer longitudinal layer (OL), a thick middle circular layer (MC), and a thin inner longitudinal layer (IL). The epithelial lining of the ductus deferens consists of the pseudostratified columnar epithelium (PCE). Between the epithelium and the inner longitudinal smooth muscle layer, there is a cellular layer of loose connective tissue, the lamina propria (LP). OC IL pampiniform plexus Fig. 8, NQ-3-d, Spermatic cord, h&e smooth muscle elastic membrane testicular artery Fig. 9, NQ-3-d, Spermatic cord, h&e Fig. 8 & 9, NQ-3-d, Spermatic cord, h&e A unique feature of the spermatic cord is the presence of a plexus of atypical veins (pampiniform plexus; Fig. 8) that arise from the posterior side of the testis. The plexus is an anastomosing vascular network that constitutes the major component of the spermatic cord. The unusual feature of the veins is their thick muscular wall that, at a glance, gives the appearance of an artery (Fig. 9) rather than a vein. Careful examination of these vessels shows that the bulk of the vessel wall is composed of two layers of smooth muscle – an outer circular layer (OC) and an inner longitudinal layer (IL). C Fig. 10, 93W7236, Prostate, Senile, h&e Fig. 10, 93W7236, Prostate, Senile, h&e A portion of the prostate gland is shown in this low-magnification micrograph. The field is filled with the glandular and stromal components of the prostate gland. The secretory tubuloalveoli of the prostate gland vary greatly in form. They may appear as tubes, as isolated alveoli, as alveoli with branches, or as tubes with branches. The aggregations of dead epithelial cells and precipitated secretions form prostatic concretions (C) in the lumina of the alveoli; these gradually increase in number and size with age. The concretions is eosinophilic and may have a concentric lamellar appearance. SM SM C Fig. 11, 93W7236, Prostate, Senile, h&e Fig. 11, 93W7236, Prostate, Senile, h&e In the higher magnification view of the prostate gland, the fibromuscular stroma is clearly identified immediately surrounding the epithelium of the tubulo-alveoli. The intense staining of the smooth muscle (SM) clearly distinguishes it from the fibrous stromal connective tissue with which it is intimately intermingled. There is no clear outline for bundles or layers of smooth muscle in the prostate; rather, it is randomly arrayed throughout the stroma. Concretions (C) are evident in the lumina of alveoli. The prostatic epithelium is generally simple columnar, but there may be patches that are simple cuboidal, squamous, or occasionally pseudostratified. S D Fig. 12, 93W7241, Sperm, ih Fig. 12, 93W7241, Sperm, ih (Semen smear) Semen, the product of ejaculation, consists of spermatozoa (S) and seminal fluid which is derived principally from the seminal vesicles and prostate gland. The desquamated cells (D) and urinary tract debris are normal constituents of semen. GEP TA PF Fig. 13, 93W7260, Ovary Mature, Human, H&E Fig. 13, 93W7260, Ovary Mature, Human, H&E The cortex of an ovary from a sexually mature individual is shown here. On the surface, there is a single layer of epithelial cells designated the germinal epithelium (GEP). This epithelium is continuous with the serosa (peritoneum) of the mesovarium. The germinal epithelium covers a dense fibrous connective tissue layer, the tunica albuginea (TA); under the tunica albuginea are the primordial follicles (PF). ZP PRF F PF N X X Fig. 14, 93W5540, Ovary, Corpus Luteum, H&E Fig. 14, 93W7260, Ovary Mature, Human, H&E When a primordial follicle (PF) begins changes leading to the formation of a mature follicle, the layer of squamous follicular cells (F) becomes cuboidal . In addition, the follicular cells proliferate and become multilayered. A follicle undergoing these early changes is called a primary follicle (PRF). Thus, an early primary follicle may still be unilaminar but it is surrounded by cuboidal cells, and this distinguishes it from the more numerous unilaminar primordial follicles that are surrounded by squamous cells.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cryopreservation of Intact Human Ovary with Its Vascular Pedicle
    del227.fm Page 1 Tuesday, May 30, 2006 12:23 PM ARTICLE IN PRESS Human Reproduction Page 1 of 12 doi:10.1093/humrep/del227 Cryopreservation of intact human ovary with its vascular pedicle Mohamed A.Bedaiwy1,2, Mahmoud R.Hussein3, Charles Biscotti4 and Tommaso Falcone1,5 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, 5 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3Department of Pathology, Assiut University Hospitals and School of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt and 4Anatomic Pathology Department, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA 5To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, A81, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 10 BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the immediate post-thawing injury to the human ovary that was cryopreserved either as a whole with its vascular pedicle or as ovarian cortical strips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilateral oophorectomy was performed in two women (46 and 44 years old) undergoing vaginal hysterectomy and laparoscopic hysterectomy, respectively. Both women agreed to donate their ovaries for experimental research. In both patients, one of the harvested ovaries was sectioned and cryopreserved (by slow freezing) as ovarian cortical 15 strips of 1.0 ´ 1.0 ´ 5.0 mm3 each. The other ovary was cryopreserved intact with its vascular pedicle. After thawing 7 days later, follicular viability, histology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay (to detect apoptosis) and immunoperoxidase staining (to define Bcl-2 and p53 pro- tein expression profiles) of the ovarian tissue were performed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Contribution to the Morphology of the Human Urino-Genital Tract
    APPENDIX. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE HUMAN URINOGENITAL TRACT. By D. Berry Hart, M.D., F.R.C.P. Edin., etc., Lecturer on Midwifery and Diseases of Women, School of the Royal Colleges, Edinburgh, etc. Ilead before the Society on various occasions. In two previous communications I discussed the questions of the origin of the hymen and vagina. I there attempted to show that the lower ends of the Wolffian ducts enter into the formation of the former, and that the latter was Miillerian in origin only in its upper two-thirds, the lower third being formed by blended urinogenital sinus and Wolffian ducts. In following this line of inquiry more deeply, it resolved itself into a much wider question?viz., the morphology of the human urinogenital tract, and this has occupied much of my spare time for the last five years. It soon became evident that what one required to investigate was really the early history and ultimate fate of the Wolffian body and its duct, as well as that of the Miillerian duct, and this led one back to the fundamental facts of de- velopment in relation to bladder and bowel. The result of this investigation will therefore be considered under the following heads:? I. The Development of the Urinogenital Organs, Eectum, and External Genitals in the Human Fcetus up to the end of the First Month. The Development of the Permanent Kidney is not CONSIDERED. 260 MORPHOLOGY OF THE HUMAN URINOGENITAL TRACT, II. The Condition of these Organs at the 6th to 7th Week. III.
    [Show full text]
  • More Effective Than Color Films Because Its Live Character Would Heighten the Drama of the Sublect Matter
    UOCUMENV RESUME ED 031 083 56 EM 007 152 By-Balin, Howard, And Others Cross -Media Evaluation of Color T.V., Black and White TV and Color Photography in the Teaching of Endoscopy. Appendix A, Sample Schedule; Appendix B, Testing, Appendix C, Scripts, Appendix 0, Anaiyses of Covariance. Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia. Spans Agency-Office of Education (OHEW), Washington, DC. Bureau of Research. Bureau No- BR -5-0802 Pub Date Sep 68 Grant - OEC -7-48-9030-288 Note-207p. MRS Price MF -$1.00 HC-S10.45 Descriptors-Audiovisual Aids,Audiovisual Communication, *Closed CircuitTelevision, Comparative Testing, Equipment Evaluation, Films, Instructional Films, *Media Research, *Medical Education, Production Techniques, *Televised Instruction, Television, Television Research, *Video Tape Recordings Based on the premise. that in situations where the subiect requires visual identification, where students cannot see the subiect physically from the standpoint of the instructor, and where there is a high dramatic impact, color and television might be significant factors in learning, a comparative evaluation was made of: color television, black and white television, color film, and conventional methods, in the study of the female organs as viewed through an endoscope. The comparison was also based on the hypotheses that color television would prove superior to black and white television in a case such as this where color is vilal to identificafion and diagnosis, and that color television would be more effective than color films because its live character would heighten the drama of the sublect matter. After three years of testing, the conclusion was that there were no significant differences in learning among the four groups of students tested,and that, to decide whether or not to use television or film in the classroom, considerations other than those of teaching effectiveness must prevail.
    [Show full text]
  • OVARY Extremitas Tubaria (Superior)
    Female genital organs Internal female genital organs Ovary (ovarium) Phalopian tube (tuba uterina) Uterus Vagina OVARY Extremitas tubaria (superior) Extremitas uterina (inferior) Facies medialis Facies lateralis Margo mesovaricus (anterior) Margo liber (posterior) Lig. suspensorium ovarii (vasa ovarica) Lig. ovarii proprium Hilus ovarii Mesovarium Lig. latum uteri Histology of ovarium Germinative epithelium Tunica albuginea Cortex ovarii folliculi ovarici corpora lutea Medulla ovarii Folliculi ovarici primarii (300 000- 400 000) Folliculus ovaricus vesiculosus (Graaf´s) Ovulation Corpus luteum menstruationis graviditatis Corpus albicans Ovarian cycle Hypophysis Ovary - hormones Ovulation cycle Uterus - menstr.cycle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOluxtc 3Cpw&t=611s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJsr GmWeKE&t=3s Ovary - cortex with folicule, medulla Folliculus ovaricus vesiculosus (Graaf´s) 1. antrum folliculi (liquor folliculi) 2. membrana granulosa 3. oocyt (cumulus oophorus) 4. theca folliculi interna 5. theca folliculi externa Ovum : zona pellucida, granulosa Ovulation Corpus luteum https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLmg4 wSHdxQ&t=25s LOCALIZATION OF OVARY Nullipara – fossa ovarica (in front of a. iliaca int.) Multipara – Claudius fossa (behind a. iliaca int.) TUBA UTERINA (SALPINX) Infundibulum tubae uterinae ostium abdominale tubae fimbriae (fimbria ovarica) Ampulla tubae uterinae Isthmus tubae uterinae Pars uterina tubae uterinae ostium uterinum tubae OSTIUM ABDOMINALE TUBAE UTERINAE HISTOLOGY OF PHALOPIAN TUBE 1. Mucosal folds (cylind. epithelium cilliated) 2. Circular muscular layer 3. Longitudinal muscular layer 4. tunica serosa 5. mesosalpinx Tuba uterina – mucosal fold = cylindric. epithelium – 1. secretory cells - 2 PHALOPIAN TUBE COURSE • from uterus runs laterally to the pelvic wall • dorsocranially to the upper pole of ovary • fimbriae rotated to facies medialis ovarii https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxRJH 2f--P0 UTERUS (HYSTERA, METRA) Fundus fundus Corpus facies vesicalis cornu facies intestinalis Cervix Isthmus uteri corpus Margo dx.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Hyperandrogenism and Diet on the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    Impact of hyperandrogenism and diet on the development of polycystic ovary syndrome Valentina Rodriguez Paris A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Women’s & Children’s Health Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales 2020 ii Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname/Family Name : Rodriguez Paris Given Name/s : Valentina Abbreviation for degree as give in the University calendar : PhD Faculty : Medicine School : Women’s & Children’s Health Impact of Hyperandrogenism and Diet on the development of Polycystic Ovary Thesis Title : Syndrome Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder featuring reproductive, endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. Hyperandrogenism is a defining characteristic of PCOS and evidence supports a role for androgen driven actions in the development of PCOS. The aetiology of PCOS is poorly understood and current management is symptom based. Therefore, defining the ontogeny of PCOS traits and the factors impacting their development, is important for developing early PCOS detection markers and new treatment strategies. The aims of this research were to determine the temporal pattern of development of PCOS features in a hyperandrogenic environment, define the impact of dietary macronutrient balance on hyperandrogenic PCOS traits and evaluate the impact of diet and a hyperandrogenic PCOS pathology on the gut microbiome using a mouse model. The first study characterised the temporal pattern of development of PCOS features after excess androgen exposure. Findings identified that acyclicity, anovulation and increased body weight are early predictors of developing PCOS. The second study utilized the geometric framework for nutrition and reports the first systematic analysis of dietary protein, carbohydrate and fat on the evolution of reproductive and metabolic PCOS traits in a PCOS mouse model.
    [Show full text]
  • Roles of Extracellularmatrixin Follicular Development
    JournalofReproductionandFertilitySupplement54,343-352 Roles of extracellularmatrixin follicular development R. J. Rodgers, I. L. van Wezel, H. F. Irving-Rodgers, T. C. Lavranos, C. M. Irvine and M. Krupa Department of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia The cellular biology and changes in the extracellular matrix of ovarian follicles during their development are reviewed. During growth of the bovine ovarian follicle the follicular basal lamina doubles 19 times in surface area. It changes in composition, having collagen IV al-26 and laminin al, 132and yl at the primordial stage, and collagen IV al and a2, reduced amounts of a3-a5, and a higher content of laminin cd, 132and 71 at the antral stage. In atretic antral follicles laminin ct2 was also detected. The follicular epithelium also changes from one layer to many layers during follicular growth. It is clear that not all granulosal cells have equal potential to divide, and we have evidence that the granulosal cells arise from a population of stem cells. This finding has important ramifications and supports the concept that different follicular growth factors can act on different subsets of granulosal cells. In antral follicles, the replication of cells occurs in the middle layers of the membrana granulosa, with older granulosal cells towards the antrum and towards the basal lamina. The basal cells in the membrana granulosa have also been observed to vary in shape between follicles. In smaller antral follicles, they were either columnar or rounded, and in follicles > 5 mm the cells were all rounded. The reasons for these changes in matrix and cell shapes are discussed in relation to follicular development.
    [Show full text]
  • Histological Studies of the Prenatal and Postnatal Development of the Ovary in the Golden Hamster (Cricetus Auratus)
    Histological Studies of the Prenatal and Postnatal Development of the Ovary in the Golden Hamster (Cricetus Auratus) By Atsushi Nakano Department of Anatomy, Nagoya University School of Medicine (Director : Prof. Dr. Shooichi Sugiyama) Numerous publications have been presented so far on histological and histogenetical studies of the ovaries of mammals including man (see Nagel, 1896; K011iker, '02; Waldeyer, '06; Bilhler, '06; Fischel , '29 and '30; SchrOder, '30; Stieve, '30). Re- cently, Pat z e l t ('56) and W a t z k a ('57) have summarized exten- sively the data concerning this problem. The ovaries of rodents, as common laboratory mammals, have also been often subjected to these studies. However, the ovary of the golden hamster, which is included in the rodent, has not yet been studied histogenetically. This paper deals with the prenatal and postnatal histological development of this organ of this species, with special emphasis on the germinal epithe- lium and its derivatives and the interstitial cells. The author hopes also that this study will serve as a control for other experimental studies of the ovary of this species. Materials and Methods A total of 186 hamsters were used for this study, including 58 embryos ranging in age from 10 days of gestation (6 mm CRL) to full term (16 days of gestation, 32 mm CRL), and 128 animals from immediately after birth to approximately 60 days. The materials were fixed in Z e n k e r's fluid, sectioned at 6,u transversely serially. Sections prepared were stained with H a n s e n's hematoxylin and eosin, and some with H e i d e n h a i n's azan stain or with B i e 1- schowsky's silver impregnation for investigating the stroma.
    [Show full text]
  • Diseases of the Female Reproductive System. Part I. Methodical
    MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE State Higher Educational Institution “UZHGOROD NATIONAL UNIVERSITY” MEDICAL FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY Authors: As.Prof. Lemish N.Y. Ph.D, prof. Korchynska O.O. Topic: Diseases of the female reproductive system. Part I. Methodical development for practical lessons of gynecology for students of the 5th course of medical faculty Uzhhgorod - 2015 Methodical development was prepared by: N.Y. Lemish – assistant professor of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of medical faculty, Uzhgorod national university O.O. Korchynska – doctor of medical sciences, professor of department of obstetrics and gynecology, medical faculty, Uzhgorod national university Edited by: chief of the department of obstetrics and gynecology state higher educational institution “Uzhgorod national university”, doctor of medical sciences, prof. Malyar V.A. Reviewers: Y.Y. Bobik – doctor of medical sciences, professor, the head of department of maternal and neonatal care, faculty of postgraduate study, State higher educational instuitution “Uzhgorod national university” S.O.Herzanych - doctor of medical sciences, professor of department of obstetrics and gynecology, medical faculty, State higher educational institution “Uzhgorod national university” Approved by the Academic Council of the medical faculty, protocol № 7 from « 19 » march 2015 year. 2 ABBREVIATIONS MC – Menstrual cycle FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone AMN - Anti –Mullerian Hormone LH – Luteinizing hormone DUB – dysfunctional uterine
    [Show full text]
  • Micro-Architecture of the Female Reproductive System Arbab Sikandar and Muhammad Ali
    Chapter Micro-architecture of the Female Reproductive System Arbab Sikandar and Muhammad Ali Abstract The female reproductive system consists of the ovary, oviduct, uterus, and vagina. This chapter will discuss how these organs look like under the microscope and what types of ultrastructural tissues are present in it, how the shape and physiology of the tissues/cells change with the physiological activities including reproductive cycles, what type of alterations occurs in the ovary during ovulation and how its follicle and epithelium differ, and how the ovulation takes place. The chapter will also elaborate how the lining epithelium and the tract mucosa facilitate the fertilized ovum and conceptus. Also, the chapter is highlighting the architec- tural changes within the mucosa of the uterus during and after pregnancy and type of ovary and spermatozoa that is most suitable for fertilization. Keywords: ovary, reproduction, microstructures, cortex, mucosa, zygote, sperm 1. Introduction It is important to know the microstructure of the female reproductive system. In this chapter those microarchitectures are highlighted which played an important role in theriogenology right from release to fertilization and care of embryo and infants. The micro-architecture of the ovarian cortex, the microscopic structures of the follicles especially the graafian follicle including mature ova, and the histomorphology of the fimbriae and oviduct and its function in ova transportation, zygote transformation, and embryo implantation were highlighted. The micro- structures of various microscopic layers of the uterus and its role in reproduction were addressed. The structure and function of the cervix and vulva and its role in reproduction are mentioned. Also, the most suitable type of ova and sperm for fertilization was also mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • 02 Female Reproductive System (First Edition).Pdf
    Type of epithelium Female Reproductive System Extra team's notes/mentioned by the female doctor two Fallopian tubes Vagina 2ry sex organs mammary glands External genitalia. female sex organs Uterus 1ry sex organ two ovaries ADULT OVARY Germinal epithelium: outer layer of flat cells. Tunica albuginea: dense C.T layer. outer cortex: ovarian follicles and interstitial cells. Inner medulla: highly vascular loose C.T Ovarian Cycle Ovarian Follicles The cortex of the ovary in adults contains the following types of follicles: 1-PRIMORDIAL follicles. 2-PRIMARY follicles: a.Unilaminar b.Multilaminar 3-SECONDARY (ANTRAL) follicles. 4-MATURE Graafian follicles. 1-Primordial Follicles: The only follicles present before puberty. The earliest and most numerous stage. Located superficially under the tunica albuginea. Each is formed of a primary oocyte (25 µm), surrounded by a single layer of flat follicular cells. 2-Primary Follicles: They develop from the primordial follicles, at puberty under the effect of FSH. a.Unilaminar primary follicles: Are similar to primordial follicles, but: *The primary oocyte is larger (40 m). *The follicular cells are cuboidal in shape. b.Multilaminar primary follicles: 1ry oocyte larger Corona radiata Granulosa cells Zona pellucida Theca folliculi Follicular fluid (liquor folliculi) 3-Secondary (Antral) Follicles Multilaminar primary follicles become secondary follicles when a complete antrum filled with liquor folliculi is formed. 1ry oocyte is pushed to one side. Theca folliculi differentiates into theca interna and theca externa 4-Mature (Graafian) Follicle: -Large, thin walled -Wide follicular antrum -Large 1ry oocyte -Zona pellucida -Corona radiata -Discus proligerus* -Zona granulosa -Basement membrane -Theca folliculi: theca interna & theca externa *The cumulus oophorus also called discus proligerus, is a cluster of cells (called cumulus cells) that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ovarian Pregnancy
    Obstetrical and GynTcological Section 137 months afterwards. Dr. Roberts was interested to hear Dr. Whitehouse's remarks on draining the bladder in such cases. Dr. Roberts thought that a vaginal cystotomy would be perhaps preferable to suprapubic drainage. Dr. TATE referred to the difficulty that sometimes occurred in diagnosing some cases of prolapse of the urethra from malignant disease. He had seen two cases in which the prolapse had the appearance of a circular protruding growth, indurated on the surface and having a purplish colour very suggestive of malignancy. In the former of the two cases the swelling was removed freely, but when examined microscopically it proved to be non-malignant. Dr. BECKWITH WHITEHOUSE, in reply, thanked the Section for the kind way in which his communication had been received. He was interested to hear of the cases mentioned by Dr. Hubert Roberts, Dr. Cuthbert Lockyer and Dr. Walter Tate, and thought that if all cases were published it would be found that carcinoma in this situation was not such a very rare condition. In all, about 150 cases had been described, but for reasons already given he had felt compelled to reduce this list considerably. He was glad to hear that Dr. Victor Bonney agreed with the theory of chronic inflammation pre-existing the incidence of carcinoma. The common situation of the growth in this position certainly appeared to afford some evidence in confirmation of the theory. With regard to the second case described by Dr. Cuthbert Lockyer, from the description Dr. Whitehouse would include it under the first group of vulvo-urethral neoplasms-viz., the "papillomatous growths which may be mistaken for a simple polypus or caruncular condition of the urethral orifice." He was interested in Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Permeability of Ovarian Follicle; Corona Cell-Oocyte Relationship in Mammals
    Permeability of ovarian follicle ; corona cell-oocyte relationship in mammals D. Szöllösi, M. Gérard, Y. Ménézo, C. Thibault To cite this version: D. Szöllösi, M. Gérard, Y. Ménézo, C. Thibault. Permeability of ovarian follicle ; corona cell-oocyte relationship in mammals. Annales de biologie animale, biochimie, biophysique, 1978, 18 (2B), pp.511- 521. hal-00897316 HAL Id: hal-00897316 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00897316 Submitted on 1 Jan 1978 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Permeability of ovarian follicle ; corona cell-oocyte relationship in mammals D. SZÖLLÖSI, M. GÉRARD Y. MÉNÉZO C. THIBAULT Station centrale de Physiologie animale, I. N. R. A., 78350 Jouy-en-Josas. * Laboratoire de Biologie, 1. N. S. A., 69621 Villeurbanne. ** Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris. Summary. Graafian follicles incubated in toto with electron dense markers, such as horseradish peroxidase and lanthanum nitrate were penetrated freely by the tracers through the granulosa cells and the cumulus oophorus, reaching the oocyte. It seems thus that no blood-follicle barrier exist. The corona cell foot-processes which traverse the zona pellucida form gap junctions with the oocyte. The integrity of the junctions is retained in the rabbit until 4-41/2 hrs after LH release ; later on they are fully interrupted.
    [Show full text]