AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL

Photo from O. S. Heizer CONSULATE AT JERUSALEM

Vol. II OCTOBER, 1925 No. 10 r

FEDERAL-AMERICAN NATIONAL BANK NOW IN COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION

IN WASHINGTON, D. C.

W. T. GALLIHER, Chairman of the Board JOHN POOLE, President

RESOURCES OVER~$13,000,000.00

■ — • IHE

FOREIGN S

VOL. II. No. io WASHINGTON, D. C. OCTOBER, 1925 The Mutiny On The Frank N. Thayer THE following story of the mutiny on the when in Lat. 25° S. 0° 40' W. at the change of Frank N. Thayer, the murder of five of the the watch, the two Indians fell upon the mates, crew and the wounding of the Captain and E. Holmes, of Bath, Maine, and W. Davis of four of his men by two crazed “Indians,” the Brooklyn, N. Y. and stabbed them fatally. One burning of the vessel and the arrival of the sur¬ then hurried to the Cabin to serve the Captain vivors at St. Helena, is taken verbatim from a in like manner, but having been aroused by a cry despatch to the Department sent by Consul James of “Captain Clarke, Captain Clarke,” made by the A. MacKnight, Number 21, dated January 18, Second mate as he fell dead at the door of the 1886. The St. Helena office was opened in 1831 fore cabin, he was on his way to the deck without and closed in 1908. suspicion of danger, (thus escaping from being murdered in his bed) and was met at the top of CONSULATE OF THE UNITED STATES the after-companionway and stabbed by one of St. Helena, January 18, 1886. the Indians. He fought the assassins as best he could in his defenseless state, but his bare feet HON. JAMES D. PORTER, slipped in the blood which covered the steps, and Assistant Secretary of State, as he fell the Indian plunged his knife into his Washington, D. C. left side and fled up the steps leaving him for SIR : It is my painful duty to report for your dead. information a sad calamity that has befallen an The Captain, though his wounds are such as American ship and a portion of her crew at sea prove fatal to ordinary men, rallied almost im¬ between this Island and the Cape of Good Hope. mediately and provided himself with a revolver. I have been engaged with the investigation of He then returned to the after companion way and the case since Monday morning, the 11th inst., called to the man at the wheel (Malone) to shut when the survivors arrived here in an open boat, the upper door. “I can’t, sir,” said Malone. and I shall endeavor to state the facts as briefly “Why not?” asked the Captain. “There’s some¬ as possible here. body behind the door, sir.” “Who it is?” again The Frank N. Thayer of Boston, Rob’t R. demanded Captain Clarke, rapidly losing strength Clarke of Jamaica, Long Island, Captain, was a by the bleeding from his wounds. “I can’t tell,” splendid ship of 1592 tons burden, and was built replied Malone. at Newburyport, Mass., in 1878. She had taken From this the Captain concluded that Malone an American cargo to the East, and took a return was in the conspiracy, whatever it was, (for he cargo of hemp at Manila, from which port she was bewildered as to the cause or purpose of the sailed for New York on November 1st last past. outbreak, and ignorant as to who were parties to On the day he sailed from Manila, the Captain it,) and at once shut and locked the inside doors shipped two of the native Indians to fill up of the cabin. vacancies in his crew. The voyage was pros¬ Going through the fore cabin to close the doors perous, and devoid of untoward or unhappy event leading to the half deck, he found his second until Saturday night, January 2nd at Midnight, mate lying dead at the door of the cabin. His 329 HE £RI ERVI __ T J^ CANpOREIGN S CE ^JOURNAL heart sank and his perplexity increased, for he the stab in his left side the lower lobe of the lung knew that both mates must be dead or they would protruded several inches, but with great nerve come to his assistance. and presence of mind, Mrs. Clarke pressed it Almost fainting from loss of blood, by a super¬ back and bandaged it securely. human effort he preserved consciousness, and Meanwhile, other scenes in the tragedy were was determined to fight till death to protect his being enacted. The first mate had staggered into wife and little girl, who had been aroused from the forcastle and fallen on the floor in a dying their sleep to find him in that awful plight. condition. The men there went to his relief, and Mrs. Clarke, utterly dismayed by the un¬ he told them that he had been cut to pieces by thought of horror that confronted her, hastened one of the Indians; that he and the second mate to do what she could for the Captain, while the were sitting on the after hatch talking when the little daughter, paralyzed with fear, clung to her two Indians came up, one saying that he was sick, in speechless terror. They were alone in the and as he spoke these words they both began stab¬ cabin, for at the sight of blood the Chinese bing them with knives in each hand. At this steward, Ah Lam, had fled and locked himself in some of the men started out arming themselves his room. The Captain sat in a reclining position with capstan bars, in search of the assassins, but in a corner, to enable himself to command the one or both of the Indians were lying in wait for doors and windows with his revolver, while his them, and quickly cleared the decks by stabbing wife endeavored to staunch the flow of blood four of the party, namely: M. Staal, j. Neilson, from his wounds. A. Olsen, and C. Smidt, who escaped to the fore¬ castle and are now here in hospital. The Indians He was blinded by that from the gashes on his then slew Malone at the wheel, and pitched him head, which consist of several awful stabs on top overboard; brought the Carpenter, E. Booth, out of his head, one ear nearly cut off, a cut which of his room, (which was on deck near the cook extends across the nose and both cheeks, starting house.) and served him likewise,—and, having just below the left eye, and the worst one on the barricaded the forecastle doors so that nobody right temple, which severed the artery, and ex¬ could get out, they returned to the attack on the tends from about the center of the eyebrow to cabin. the ear, laying the skull bare in that region. From (Continued on page 359)

Underwood and Underwood BOUND FOR THE CAPE A type of the old sailing ships that called at St. Helena The First Half-Century of the Consulate at Hamburg

By J. K. HUDDLE, Consul, Department

(Continued from Last Issue) Transportation and Communications in 1846 IN 1845 and 1846 Hamburg made a drive to be Russia, and four mails per week per wagon post the European port of entry for the newly (Schnellpost) by which I forward everything established line of American mail steam packet for the Prussian, Russian and Austrian Lega¬ ships. It will lie recalled that the American tions, except the Dispatches and letters. The Congress had subsidized a line of steamships to railroad from hence to Berlin is to be ready in compete with the growing British steam carrying October, and to Hanover will no doubt be finished trade. Hamburg offered the same privileges that in all the next year. By the first it is expected were granted by London and Liverpool to this that letters can be in Berlin in about 10 hours trade, and emphasized its port facilities and mod¬ and in St. Petersburg, via Stettin per Steam- erate dues. Sir. Cuthbert was heartily in favor packet, in two and a half to three days. The of the project. His description of communica¬ railroad from Berlin via Breslau to the Austrian tions and mail transportation facilities from frontier where it is to join the Austrian railroad Hamburg to the interior nearly one hundred to Vienna is to be opened next summer, and the years ago is worthy of preservation. one from Dresden to Austria in the early part of “In addition to the Letter posts,’’ he writes on next year.” January 23, 1846., “which were at least two per Cuthbert’s Only Mistakes day . . . the Prussian post office sends an express post immediately after the arrival of the The correspondence of this worthy man shows English mail with the letters for Prussia and but two errors of procedure on his part. One

Photo “Hapag” BUILDING WHERE THE PRESENT HAMBURG CONSULATE GENERAL IS LOCATED 331 »JHE^MERICANpOREIGNgEKVICE JOURNAL occurred in the use of invoice forms which had questioned the principle of the action, and pro¬ been legislated out of existence twenty years tested strongly against the assessment of a cheese previously, and for which he was earnestly tax upon a traveling Minister of the United reprimanded by an outraged Department. He States. plaintively excuses himself by commenting that Again Mr. Cuthbert showed his firmness when he had received the forms from London, with “he drew a bill on the American bankers in Lon¬ explanations covering their use. His second don for about seventy-five pounds sterling . . . error was in the case of one Reverend I. G. purchased in Leipsig . . . which bill he signed Oncken. as had been his practice for the last 20 years and It appears that Reverend Oncken, a Baptist delivered it to the person to whom he had to make missionary, offended the clergy of the established payment before it was sent to the stamp office. church of the State of Hamburg, and among On being presented at the Stamp Office they said other nefarious charges accused them of being they must keep the Bill and fine him. . . .” destitute of all religion. For which their wrath The draft was ultimately honored, but Mr. was visited upon him and he was cast into prison. Cuthbert was informed that if he again put his Mr. Cuthbert in due time received horrified let¬ name to a bill before it was stamped the fine ters in protest from the Board of Foreign Mis¬ would be levied. Whereupon he fumed, and sions of the Baptist Church in the United States, after calling the attention of the Syndic of Ham¬ and also instructions from the Secretary of State burg to his position as the “Official Agent of the to render all practicable assistance to the United States Government,” he expressed the Reverend Mr. Oncken. In his characteristic hope that “none such messages will be sent him fashion he took up the cudgels in behalf of the hereafter.” unfortunate missionary, and came as near offending the staid and proper officials of Ham¬ The Spoils System burg as he had ever done. He almost had angry A letter from a colleague in the diplomatic words with the dignified Syndic, Sieveking, his corps in Austria stationed at Vienna dated good personal friend. Meantime he was re¬ February 16, 1841, affords an instructive glimpse peatedly urged by both Washington and the of the Spoils System. “Pray what are your pros¬ private persons interested in the case. Finally pects with the new Administration?” asked his it developed that the Reverend Mr. Oncken was correspondent. “I am told that there is to be a born in Bremen, was a citizen of Bremen, and general removal of all those employed under the had never l)een in the United States, whereupon two last Presidents. Whether General Harrison Mr. Cuthbert withdrew as gracefully as was pos¬ will do that for which his party blamed Jackson sible under the circumstances and sent due ex¬ so much remains to be seen though I suppose planations to the Department. His efforts for that every new President must nowadays remove religious freedom seem to have had some effect, a host of persons from office to satisfy his most however, and he succinctly sums up the situation strenuous partisans. Your chance of remaining when he closes his despatch with the following at Hamburg is 1 should think a good one whilst words of wisdom, “Mr. Oncken will not, I think, mine to remain here is to say the least very be again troubled if he acts with common doubtful.” prudence.” Mr. Cuthbert’.s idea of his chances is not of Taxing the Minister's English Cheese record. But it is a tribute to his general useful¬ ness and success to note that he remained and Cuthbert showed similar promptitude and that he calmly held his office, one of the desirable decisiveness when he went to the assistance of a European posts, throughout those troublous colleague, Colonel Todd, newly appointed Minis¬ times, to the date of his death. ter to St. Petersburg. It seems that Colonel Todd was compelled to pay a consumption tax Proposal to Populate Texas With Prussian on an English cheese, which apparently formed Convicts a part of the Minister’s diet while he was en route to his post through Germany. The record Perhaps his most noteworthy achievement was does not indicate the amount of cbeese consumed the prevention of the deportation to Texas of by the diplomat, nor is it set forth that he actually ten convicts from the province of Mecklenburg. consumed an entire English cheese. The Consul In October, 1846, the honest ire of the aging was not worried because of the amount of the Cuthbert was aroused by a project of the Prus- tax, which it seems was small, but he strenuously (Continued on page 351) 332 From an ld THE GREAT HAMBURG FIRE IN 1842 ° Engraving Discrimination Against American Shipping

By H. C. HAWKINS, Vice Consul, Department DISCRIMINATIONS against American country from Canada, West Indies, Mexico, shipping abroad are comparatively few, Central America, the Northern coast of South considering that every American ship en¬ America and certain other nearby places are two gaged in foreign trades carries on half its busi¬ cents per net ton, and six cents per net ton on ness in a foreign jurisdiction and that the area vessels entering the United States from all other of exposure to discrimination is very large. A foreign countries. This tax applies equally to all few months ago the Department sent out a vessels engaged in foreign trade, American as special instruction to Foreign Service officers all well as foreign. over the world requiring detailed reports of the Pilotage. American vessels may lie subject to discriminations practiced against American ship¬ discriminatory pilotage rates or, where pilotage ping. The replies already received indicate that, is compulsory, the vessels of the foreign country generally speaking, American shipping is quite may he exempt from the compulsory use of pilots free from unfair discriminatory treatment. while American ships are not. On the other hand the importance of the De¬ Import Duties. Another common form of dis¬ partment’s function in protecting American crimination which has been practiced by various shipping interests from foreign discrimination countries at one time or another (including the should not be lost sight of. The character of the United States) is the imposition of higher im¬ shipping industry is such that it is especially port or export duties on goods carried in foreign vulnerable to discriminatory treatment. This is vessels than are payable if the goods are trans¬ so first, because of the large area of exposure, ported in vessels of the country practicing the and second because of the highly competitive discrimination. The obvious intent of such a character of the industry. The tramp business is measure is to make it financially desirable for probably one of the few remaining examples of shippers to use vessels of their own nationality in wholly unfettered competition. Because of this preference to foreign ships. competition shipping companies as a general rule must operate on a very narrow margin of profit Preferential Rail Rates. Lower rail rates be¬ tween interior points and the seaboard are some¬ in comparison with land industries, and a very small difference in the charges or conditions times imposed on export or import goods carried under which American vessels might be compelled in the vessels of the country applying this form to operate by the discriminatory action of a for¬ of discrimination than apply when goods are eign government might be sufficient to throw the brought to or shipped from the country in foreign business into the hands of competitors and so to vessels. This form of discrimination was prac¬ deprive American capital and labor of a source ticed in Germany before the war, and was con¬ templated by the United States in section 28 of of employment. the Merchant Marine Act, a section which, how¬ Forms Which Discrimination Against American ever, has never been, and quite possibly never Shipping May Take will be, applied by this country. Mention may be made of some of the more Dockage Charges. American vessels may be important forms which discrimination may take. assessed higher charges for tying up at piers than Tonnage Dues. A foreign country may sub¬ are payable by the vessels of the country in which ject American vessels entering its ports to higher this form of discrimination is applied. tonnage dues than its own vessels, or those of Use of Port Facilities. Foreign vessels may be some other foreign country or countries, are re¬ denied as favorable berthing or anchorage facili¬ quired to pay. A tonnage tax is a tax on a ties as national vessels enjoy, which may result vessel for its use of the port. It is usually levied in higher charges for loading or discharging for¬ on the net tonnage. The tonnage dues imposed eign vessels because of the necessity of trans¬ by the United States on vessels entering this porting the goods to and from poorly located 334 piers. Unfavorable treatment in the matter of Protection of American Shipping From Discriminatory Treatment port facilities may result in excessive lighterage charges to and from remote anchorages for cargo It is a function of the Department of State and shipped on American vessels, all of which may the Foreign Service Officer to protect American shipping from unfair discriminations in foreign give the vessels of the country imposing this sort countries. The Department’s primary object of discrimination competitive advantages. under the existing policy is to prevent discrimina¬ These are a few of the commoner forms of dis¬ tion by including in treaties with foreign countries crimination whereby a country may seek to provision for reciprocal national treatment of benefit its own vessels at the expense of foreign shipping. This means merely that each con¬ or to give special advantage to the vessels of some tracting party agrees to treat the shipping of the other in its ports on a footing of equality with its particular foreign country or countries. They own. The reciprocal national treatment clauses do not exhaust the list of discriminations which of the pending German treaty, which is to serve have been or may conceivably be practiced. Dis¬ as a model for other commercial treaties, are as crimination may take any form which ingenuity follows: can devise. The point for the Foreign Service ARTICLE VII. PARAGRAPH 5 officer to keep in mind is that any form of dis¬ All the articles which are or may be legally im¬ crimination which in effect may place American ported from foreign countries into ports of the United shipping at a competitive disadvantage with any States, in United States vessels, may likewise be im- other vessels should be reported. (Continued on page 349)

From Mr8. W. P. Garrety FISHING BOATS AT SUNRISE Puerto Cabello, Venezuela 335 New Embassy Building At Mexico City

ANOTHER step in the acquisition by the offices for the Counselor, Secretaries, Military /\ United States Government of adequate Attaches, rooms for files, code work and wait¬ i. 1 government owned buildings for the use of ing room for the Ambassador, and stenographers, its representatives abroad was taken when the as well as a reinforced concrete strong room new building for the chancery of the American which is fire and burglar proof, for the protec¬ Embassy at Mexico City was finished at the cor¬ tion of the archives and records of the Embassav ner of Calles Niza and Londres. Some years ago which date from 1825 and give a chronological Mr. George T. Summerlin, then Charge d’Af- history of the relations l>etween the United States faires, was authorized to expend $150,000, ap¬ propriated by Congress in June, 1914, for an and Mexico since that time, together with much Embassy building. other interesting official correspondence exchanged The property, however, cost only $100,000 between the two governments. and the Department of State authorized the Em¬ On the second floor provision is made for a bassy in 1923 to employ a competent architect in law library, offices, and apartments for the Mexico City to prepare plans and specifications bachelor Secretaries of the staff. for an additional building to house the offices of Under the Deficiency Appropriation Bill of the Embassy so that Londres 102 might be ex¬ 1925, Congress, at the urgent request of Am¬ clusively a residence for the Ambassador. Ac¬ bassador Sheffield and of the President, made an cordingly, after consideration of the problem in¬ additional appropriation of $20,000 which was volved, Mr. J. E. Campbell, an American citizen, to be applied to the remodelling and decoration was selected. Mr. Campbell has many important of the old Embassy building at Londres 102, so buildings to his credit in Mexico where he has that it might he a fitting residence for the Am¬ practiced for twenty-five years. Mr. Campbell bassador and also an additional appropriation of is not only a member of the American Institute $14,250 for furnishing the same building. of Architects, but also a graduate of the Mexican Authorization was also granted to construct a Beaux Arts. surrounding wall, to lay out a dignified garden be¬ In October. 1924, a contract was signed on be¬ tween the two buildings, and to construct a por¬ half of the Untied States Government by Mr. ter’s lodge on the Insurgentes side of the prop¬ H. F. Arthur Schoenfeld, the then Charge erty. An iron gateway is being erected on Calle d’Affaires ad interim, with Mr. Campbell, to per- Niza as a private entrance for the Ambassador’s from the work under the direction of Mr. H. automobile. It is hoped that the entire compound Dorsey Newson, Second Secretary of the Em¬ may be completely finished and the old building bassy, who is named in the contract as Super¬ ready for the Ambassador’s occupancy during the vising Architect and Special Representative of the course of the Autumn. Department of State. It is only at a comparatively recent date that The present building is of monolithic construc¬ the United States Government has seriously gone tion of brick and stucco and reinforced concrete alxjut the matter of providing government owned with an entrance feature, cornices and colonnade buildings for the use of its Ambassadors and of Canteria stone. The problem has been par¬ Ministers abroad. As one of the steps in the ticularly well solved by the architect as it follows planning of the Foreign Service on a representa¬ the general design of the old building at Londres tive and democratic basis, as far back as June, 102, duplicating the colonnade on the garden side 1785, Thomas Jefferson, who was in Paris on a so that the entire grouping forms a harmonious diplomatic mission, wrote home speaking of the and dignified headquarters for the representative necessity for using his private means in official of the United States in Mexico, and for the expenditures for the government and remarked: transaction of the business of the American “I find that, by a rigid economy, bordering, how¬ Government. ever, on meanness, I can save, perhaps, five The new building is two stories in height and hundred livres a month, at least in the summer. contains on the ground floor the necessary offices The residue goes for expenses, so much of course for the staff of the Embassy, including an office and of necessity, that I cannot avoid them, with- 336 r__ rpKE^MERICANpOKEIGNgERVICE JOURNAL

out abandoning all respect for my public gress for the use of the diplomatic and consular character. Yet I will pray you to touch this establishments of the United States. string, which I know to be a tender one, with The United States government owns Embas¬ Congress, with the utmost delicacy. I had rather sies located at Paris, London, Rio de Janeiro, be ruined in my fortune than in their esteem. If Santiago, Mexico City, Havana, Constantinople they allow me half a year’s salary as an outfit, I and Tokyo, and Legations in San Jose, Chris¬ can get through my debts in time. If they raise tiania, Salvador, Pekin and Bangkok, and has the salary to what it was (2,500 pounds), or even just recently acquired the beautiful palace at pay our house rent and taxes, I can live with Prague, which the last Minister to Czecho¬ more decency.” slovakia, Richard Crane, purchased when he first One of the first indications that the Senate was went to that city as he was unable to find other interested in this question was in 1851 when a quarters which could be regarded as appropriate resolution was passed in which the Secretary of for the use of the representative of the United State was directed to communicate to the Senate States. One of the most recent acquisitions was information concerning diplomatic salaries with the London Embassy which Congress authorized particular consideration for expenses of residence. the Department to accept in 1922 from Mr. J. At the present time the United States owns Pierpont Morgan and which is located at 13 and eight Embassy buildings, six Legations, totaling 14 Princes Gate, London. fourteen, and our business men look forward to From the recent legislation and awakened in¬ the time when they may see an American flag terest in the country in the subject of Uncle Sam flying over a government owned Embassy or owning homes for his foreign representatives, it Legation in every foreign capiatl of the world. may be expected that the United States before In February, 1911, a very important act known long will be among the foremost of the nations as the “Lowden Act” from the name of the who have realized that their representatives author, which authorized the Secretary of State abroad must be provided with a proper and dig¬ to acquire in foreign countries such sites and nified setting in which to discharge the duty of buildings as may be appropriated for by Con¬ interpreting their country’s policies.

“La Rochester” NEW EMBASSY BUILDING AT MEXICO CITY 337 Nairobi Celebrities

By MRS. A. M. WARREN, Nairobi NAIROBI: how often at home the word in red clay, with a single dirty blanket for a gar¬ brings up visions of an attractive capital ment. The women are picturesquely dressed in a in the mountain of Kenya, a city, yet one raw-hide blanket with armlets and anklets of whose inhabitants live in constant dread of pos¬ brass or bright beads and huge wire circles in sible raids by lions or leopards, whose street their ears. Others have been in the towns long cleaning department is the non-union howling enough to imitate the “White Bwanas,” and they hyena. To the casual glance, however, Nairobi resemble our own negroes of the South. Not a must appear to be a small town composed of two few native boys are in uniform, showing that they streets lined with corrugated iron shops, with are in the employ of a business firm of the town. here and there a two-story building interspersed, Of these acclaimed by many as being the most giving a rather incongruous appearance to the dignified and most prominent, are the American whole. Consulate ricksha boys—Kathandu, Mahuru and Travellers rarely stay in Nairobi long enough Wagathura, all natives of the tribe of Wakikuyu. to achieve the stage where they can ignore the There are many more ricksha boys in town, some clouds of dust and look with sympathy on the drawing public vehicles, others private ones, but streets which are just beginning to attempt to none can hold the admiring eye as these three look modern. And yet, were they to linger longer who work for the Bwana Americani, which is than a few days, they would begin to notice some the nearest they can come to saying Uncle Sam. of the characters and objects which make Nairobi In their smart khaki uniforms banded in navy unique, neither East nor West, old nor modern blue with a brass plate on their belts in front and nor even truly African. ostrich feathers in their caps, their appearance is Indians walk about the streets, some in Euro¬ far superior to any other native in the community. pean, others in their native dress. Parsee women They hold themselves erect and seem to take with their gaily colored and spangled saris are pride in looking immaculate. seen leading similarly garbed small children to Taken collectively they are, of course, merely and from schools. Hundreds of natives wander three intelligent native toys, all the sons of everywhere. Some coming in from the tribal prominent elders of their tribe, yet, individually, reserves still have their hair plastered and rolled each has his particular traits and talents which easily distinguished one from the other. Kathandu is the head boy and upon him falls the privilege of hoisting and lowering the Amer¬ ican flag each day. He it is who goes to the “Postie” for the mail and who delivers letters about the town. His is an unsurmountable dignity and as he walks down the center of the street, he catches many an admiring eye. He also possesses a most beautiful speak¬ ing voice, deep, low with charm¬ ing intonations. We have known Consulate visitors to make conver¬ sation in order to hear him speak. Mahuru is a good-looking native with a sense of humor. He is tire¬ less in his efforts to keep the Con¬ 4 t sulate spotless and the brass bind¬ From Mr8. A. M. Warren ings of the ricksha always bright. THE CONSULATE AT NAIROBI He is also invaluable in guiding 338 r r t _ J HE^MERICANpOREIGN gERyiCEt JOURNAL ^

American visitors about the town, and in choosing FIRST GRADUATION FOR¬ luscious pineapples he has never been known to EIGN SERVICE SCHOOL make an unfortunate selection. Wagathura is the last one but by no means the The work of the first class of the Foreign least interesting. His name means “Chosen Service School was completed on Sept. 1, 1925. On issuing their assignments to them, the One,” and his father is an elder of the Supreme Under Secretary of State, Mr. Joseph C. Grew, Council of Kinanjui, the Paramount Chief of the addressed them in part as follows: Wakikuyus. He has quantities of friends who “I do not know whether this should be called speak most deferentially to him when he passes class day or commencement day, but I am sure along the streets. If he happens to be riding in it is a very important day in your careers be¬ the Consul’s car, he does not speak to them, but cause I am going to have the privilege of read¬ bows in a dignified and lordly way. It was ing your assignments in the Foreign Service. Wagathura who, when the Consulate was “I want to say now that we are immensely gratified by the results of this first Foreign Serv¬ changed to a newer and lietter building, sent word ice School. The examinations which were given to his relations in the reserve that he had moved yesterday and today were neither very extensive to a “meridadi” (beautiful) building on Govern¬ nor very thorough but they show us conclusively ment Road. Within a week some thirty natives that you have made the most of the few months arrived to see the new office, walking about one in this School. hundred fifty miles from the reserve to Nairobi “I want to take this opportunity to pay high for this purpose. One morning each visitor was tribute to Mr. Dawson for the work that he has allowed to tip-toe up the steps to the entrance, done in carrying out this first experiment in the preceded by the proud Wagathura, and gaze at Foreign Service School of the Department of the new quarters. State. I think he deserves the highest con¬ Although he is not the head boy, yet he in¬ gratulations for the successful way in which it variably acts as spokesman for the other two and has been carried out. his decisions are accepted as final by them. “In regard to these assignments— We are as¬ Homely in the extreme even as natives go, yet he signing now all of the class to posts in the field is artistic. In his leisure time after the office has with the exception of three members who for been closed, he does bead work, and makes gor¬ the time being we should like to continue in the geous belts, headdresses, wristlets, cigarette cases Department of State. and other curious articles for his native friends. (Continued, on page 341) He plans his own designs and color combinations, and frequently he is stopped in the streets and questioned and praised for his work. Kathandu, Mahuru and Wagathura, only three Kikuyu native boys, but the chief pride and dis¬ tinction that places them above their two million black-skinned relations is the sign of the eagle on their uniforms, and the broad-cast knowledge that they are the messengers of Uncle Sam and not From Mr8. A. M. Warren “George King.” THE CONSULAR RICKSHA BOYS 339 The King’s Saint’s Day

By A. W. FERRIN, Consul, Madrid

EVERYONE in Spain is named after a Roncevalles, silk-tiled, frock-coated barons of Saint, from the King to the cowherd, and business from Barcelona; all sorts and conditions the King celebrates his Saint’s Day with all of men, the friends of Alfonso, flocked to Madrid, the ceremony his circumstances permit. Royal from the big and little cities, from towns and Saints require royal honor, and this year the day hamlets, farms and hills, to wish him a happy of Alfonso has been, for special reasons, observed return of the day and incidentally enjoy the with peculiar pomp. In fact, the day was really greatest holiday Spain has had since the first four days, for the festivities began on Janu¬ birthday of the present King. ary 22d and continued through the 25th, the The Ayuntamiento of Madrid paid most of the actual “Santo” with a fervor that left the expenses, and it got its money’s forth of adver¬ Spanish capital in a state from which only a tising, for the tales that will be told round rural week of uninterrupted sleep could restore it to firesides the rest of this winter, and many winters normality. after, of metropolitan marvels, will make Madrid From all Spain came delegations of mayors and more than ever the mecca of provincials. Plenty municipal councillors, with cohorts of constituents, of the pilgrims had never been outside their vil¬ who marched and countermarched, dined, wined lages before, and they showed their astonishment and danced, and listened to oratory for hours at what they saw as visibly and audibly as the with rapt attention. Big-hatted alcaldes from Madrilenos their admiration of the antique attire Andalucia, tight-panted councillors from Cuenca, of the visitors. Spaniards in the cities now, alas, peasant aldermen from Sorian pueblos, Segovian dress like English and Americans, but in the back and Salamancan shepherds, edelweiss gatherers blocks are old timers who stick to the styles of from the Pyrenees, Navarrese who still swear by their ancestors, and they came to Madrid that King Henry’s plume and sing of Roland and way, wearing ribboned bonnets, Cordoban broad¬ brims, velvet jackets, corduroy ‘shorts,’ white woolen stockings, blan¬ kets, mufflers, and capes of every kind that ever was worn in Spain. In the great proces¬ sion in January 23, in 49 divisions represent¬ ing the 47 provinces of the peninsula, the Ba¬ learic and the blue Ca¬ nary Isles, which took three hours to pass a given point, regional dress was prominent and distinguished the different delegations. Most gorgeous of all, but admittedly antique, were the “maceros,” the mace-bearers of the different cities. Clad in red, pink, purple, vel¬ vet or silk, with ostrich From A. W. Ferrin feathers in their hats, NATIONAL COSTUMES IN THE PARADE and bearing in their 340 rjTHE^MERICANpOREIGN gEKVICE JOURNAL ^

hands or on their shoulders the gold or silver em¬ “race day,” with Castillians, Aragonese, Cata¬ blems of municipal authority, these individuals lonians, and other sorts of Spaniards, each trying received and merited applause. It was worth to show themselves more Spanish than the others. while to be a mayor in the days when these cos¬ Some of the clothes they wore in doing so are tumes were current. shown in the accompanying photographs. The heralds also, and the drummers, in their

historic suits, recalled the glorious era of the (Continued from page 339) “Catholic Kings.” Two of them bore the shield “I am very glad to find in these assignments of Granada, actually used by Fernando and that in almost every case they are to portions of Isabel, and adorned with their portraits, painted the world and posts in which each individual has on it in their lifetimes. The “Senyera,” Valencia’s expressed particular interest. We are very grati¬ flag for almost a thousand years, which never fied that it has proved practicable to assign you has been and never will be lowered, headed the in this manner. phalanx from that province of onions and oranges. “I wish to congratulate you upon these assign¬ When it left Valencia it had to be taken out ments and wish to express my best wishes for through a window, because to carry it through a your complete success in the service.” door would mean its abasement, and its silk tat¬ The list of officers and assignments follows: ters waved as proudly in the peaceful atmosphere of Madrid as in twelfth century battles of Moors C. W. Aldridge, Vice Consul, Jerusalem. and Christians. Barcelona brought the “Bruch,” R. L. Buell, Vice Consul, Calcutta. the miraculous banner of the war with Napoleon, Selden Chapin, Vice Consul, Hankow. and Murcia the silken signals of long forgotten C. H. Coster, Vice Consul, Florence. knights, followed by lovely damsels dressed as Allan Dawson, Vice Consul, Rio de Janeiro. they used to dress when Murcia was an inde¬ Miss Pattie Field, Vice Consul. Amsterdam. pendent kingdom. From Orense, Oviedo and F. B. Frost, Vice Consul, Tangiers. Pontevidra came, in proper garb, pipers whose H. S. Gerry, Vice Consul, Buenos Aires. skirling proved the affinity of Galicia and Scot¬ Durward Grinstead, Vice Consul, Dresden. land, and thrilled my own particular pulse, for J. C. Holmes, Vice Consul. Marseille. since I came to Spain I have discovered that David Key, Vice Consul, Department.* Galicia is full of Ferrins, who maintain that I am R. R. Jordan, Vice Consul. Constantinople. descended from a piratical hero of their tribe, who J. Hall Paxton, Vice Consul, Nanking. sailed westward with Columbus and is believed C. C. Reiniger, Vice Consul, Department.* later to have died a violent death in what is now Angus I. Ward, Vice Consul, Mukden. the United States. David Williamson, Vice Consul, Algiers. The King and Queen and all the royal Infantes Stanley Woodward, Vice Consul, Department.* and Infantas stood in a balcony of the palace * The assignments of the three men who remain on duty which Napoleon thought finer than the Tuileries, temporarily in the Department will be announced later. with blue and gold, and white serge troops be¬ low, watching the im¬ pressive parade, perhaps the last time they will see all the old costumes of Spain, for the derby and the fedora are fast supplanting the som¬ brero, and the American overcoat the “capa” even in the remote regions of Hispania. October 12, the date on which Columbus dis¬ covered us, is celebrated in Spain as “race day,” but January 23, this year From A. W. Fcrrin at least, was the real THE HERALDS 341 ■JHE^MERICAN p OREIGN gERYICE JOURNAL.

WOPPOVITCHOFFSKI

By SERGT. R. S. CLARK, U. S. Forces, Archangel, 1918-19. Those in the Service who were in Russia in the years 1918-1921 zvill appreciate the following: Observe the Hairy Ruskie as you meet him every PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN day. SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. “Tobacco, Nyet?” is probably the first you’ll bear The American Foreign Service Journal is published monthly him say; by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also Or, “Klebba, Nyeto?” rendered in a starving or¬ open to private subscription in the United States and abroad at the rate of $Jt.OO a year, or 85 cents a copy, payable to the phan style— American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Just make a generous handout and he'll bless you Washington, D. C. The purposes of the Journal arc (1) to serve as an exchange with a smile among American Foreign Service officers for personal news and And a “Mericanski dobra, Franzooski, koroshaw” for information and opinions respecting the proper discharge of their functions, and to keep them in touch with business and Proportionate precisely to the handout he can administrative developments which are of moment to them; and (2) to disseminate information respecting the work of the draw. Foreign Service among interested persons in the United States, including business men and others having interests abroad, and young men who may be considering the Foreign Service as a He’ll be there for more tomorrow, and in case the career. handout stops, Propaganda and articles of a tendentious nature, especially such as might be aimed to influence legislative, executive or You’ll he “Ochen ne-korosha,” in the language of administrative action with respect to the Foreign Service, or the Wops. the Department of State, are rigidly excluded from its columns. Contributions should be addressed to the American Foreign He’ll whine about “nekooshet” and pull an awful Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. face Copyright, 1925, by the American Foreign Service Association And cuss you—and serenely go and try some other place. CONTENTS For the pay he gives in “dobras” and “ochen- koroshaws” PAGE Must not exceed the measure of the handout that THE MUTINY ON THE FRANK N. THAYER. . 329 he draws. TIIE FIRST HALF-CENTURY OF THE CONSU¬ LATE AT HAMBURG—By J. K. Huddle. .. . 331 He wants “monoga soldat” from away across the sea, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST AMERICAN SHIP¬ For it means the fewer Bolo’s he is ever like to see. PING—By H. C. Hawkins 334 Let him “schpat” in peace and comfort 50 versts NEW EMBASSY BUILDING AT MEXICO CITY 336 behind the line While the come-ons do the scrapping, and his war NAIROBI CELEBRITIES—By Mrs. A. M. War¬ is going fine, ren 338 And it’s “Mericanski dobra, Angleeskai khoro- FIRST GRADUATION FOREIGN SERVICE shaw” SCHOOL 339 (Of course, in just proportion to the ration he THE KING'S SAINT'S DAY—By A. W. can draw.) F err in 340 The more I look about me the less I hate Thibet. WOPPOVITCHOFFSET—By R. S. Clark 342 The fact I’m not a native here is what I can’t ITEMS 343 forget. Of course, it won’t be voted on, but I should vote FUNERAL OF AMBASSADOR BANCROFT 346 to go NECROLOGY 347 And leave the Devil’s Puzzle as it was eight COMMERCIAL 348 months ago— With all its “ochen dobra, spaseebo, khoroshaw” MARRIAGE 348 In just the same proportion as the eats the Ruskies BIRTHS 348 draw.

PROMOTIONS 354 (Nyet, Nyeto—have you any? Klebba—bread. Dobra-kindly. Koro3haw—good. Ochen nekoroshaw—very no good. Ne-koo- shet—hasn’t eaten. Monoga soldat—Many soldiers. Schpat— SERVICE CHANGES 356 sleep. Spaseebo—thank you.) 342 CONSUL REED PAIGE CLARKE called John Harrison Gray, Diplomatic Secretary, at the Department enroute from his home recently at Tokyo but now assigned to Panama, at Londonderry, N. H., where he spent sailed from New York for his new post about part of his leave, to his new assignment at the middle of September. Mexico City. William P. Garrety, formerly assigned as Con¬ Consul Lewis W. Haskell, of Algiers, who has sul at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, has gone to been a short time in hospital, has gone to Blowing his new post at Prescott, Ontario. Rock, North Carolina, for recuperation.

Samuel Hamilton Wiley, Consul at Oporto, John W. Bailey, of Austin, Texas, spent his visited the Department for several days, en route leave in Texas and Mexico, before returning to to Salisbury, North Carolina. Geneva. Mr. Bailey has just been promoted to the career service. Vice Consul Chauncey B. Wightman, on leave from Lima, Peru, called at the Department be¬ Vice Consul George R. Hukill, of Batavia, is fore returning to his post. now on leave at Middleton, Del.

Rodriguez MINISTER GRANT-SMITH PRESENTS LETTER OF CREDENCE Left to right: Maj. R. IV. Dusenberry; Senor Yeregui; Minister Grant-Smith; Myron A. Hofer; Lew B. Clark. 343 r r t , J HE^MERICANpOREIGNgEKVICELJOURNAL

John Q. Wood, Consul in Vera Cruz, who has and Thomas K. Salmon, Cologne, were at the been in New York on leave, called at the Depart¬ Department during the past month to take the ment before returning to his post from New oral examination for entry into the career service. York on August 27. Consul Herbert O. Williams visited the De¬ Consul Thomas W. Yoetter is on leave at Fort partment on his way to New York from his leave Wayne, Ind. of absence spent in Western United States.

George A. Makinson spent his leave in Cali¬ Leo J. Keena, Consul at Liverpool, passed fornia, and sailed from New York. through Washington on his way to Michigan. He will return to his post from Montreal.

Louis Sussdorf, Diplomatic Secretary, for¬ Consul Henry D. Baker, from Trinidad, has merly at The Hague but now assigned to Tokyo, returned from leave spent in France, and has is spending his leave in New York and Louisiana. sailed for his post.

Consul G. C. Hanson, Harbin, spent his leave W. R. Barker, Diplomatic Secretary at Lima, at Bridgeport, Conn. He visited the Department is taking his leave at Minneapolis. twice before returning to his post on August 31. The American Minister to Norway, Mr. Raymond Phelan, Dakar, Roy V. Fox, Berlin, Laurits S. Swenson, who is now in the United Edwin N. Gunsaulus, Jr., Charlottestown, P. E. States on leave, was a recent caller at the L, Tisdays W. Bibb, Habana, Cecil W. Gray, Department. Buenos Aires, Charles F. Payne, Maracaibo, Ben B. Sampselle, Habana, Harold S. Beyerly, Rot¬ The American Minister to Guatemala, Mr. terdam, Leo P. Cochran, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Arthur H. Geissler, called at the Department be-

THE STAFF AT DRESDEN Sitting, in the middle, left to right: Consul Steger, Consul Dreyfus, Vice Consul Lazvson 344 rJTHE^MERICANpOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

fore proceeding to England where he expects to The vase is engraved with the following testi¬ make a short visit. monial :

Consul General George S. Messersmith, Ant¬ MISS JOHNSTON werp, called at the Department before leaving for WITH THE GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF THE his home at Lewes, Del., where he will spend FOREIGN SERVICE SCHOOL his vacation. SEPTEMBER, 1925

Mr. Hamilton C. Claiborne, who was recently appointed First Secretary of the Legation at Mr. Felix Cole, Editor of the JOURNAL, de¬ Bucharest, sailed for his post from New York parted from Washington for Chicago on August on September 2. 28, where he spent several days visiting before going to Wisconsin for two or three weeks on Diplomatic Secretary Wallace S. Murray is leave of absence. now on leave in Columbus, Ohio, prior to report¬ ing to the Department for duty. It may lie interesting to note in this connec¬ tion, without making a direct statement concern¬ Vice Consul Arthur F. Tower called at the ing the matter, that the Sports Section of the Department enroute to his new post at Warsaw. Washington Herald printed the following item a day or so after Mr. Cole’s departure, in com¬ Consul General W. Stanley Hollis, Lisbon, is menting on one of the baseball games played in spending a portion of his leave in Washington. Chicago at that time by the Washington Senators While here Consul General Hollis has met sev¬ eral of his old Naval Academy classmates. and the Chicago White Sox: “There was one real NW-NE-SW-SE Wash¬ Consul John James Meily, Port Limon, is ington fan in the stands. He could be heard spending his leave of absence in Bethlehem, Pa. above everybody else.”

Vice Consul William Oscar Jones, Malmo, is now in the United States on leave of absence.

Consul Hugh H. Wat¬ son, Lyon, is spending a few days in Washington before leaving for his home in Montpelier, Vt.

Vice Consul Edward N. Gunsaulus, Jr., Char¬ lottetown, who was re¬ cently at the Department, registered on the same day on which his father did.

Miss Edna E. Johnston, who has been attached to the Foreign Service School in the capacity of Secretary, was the re¬ cipient of a handsome silver vase from the first From, M. C. Pierce graduates of the School. THE CONSULATE AT BERGEN 345 FUNERAL OF AMBASSADOR BANCROFT

The Japanese cruiser Tama arrived at San Francisco on the afternoon of August 22, bearing the body of Edgar Addison Bancroft, American Ambassador to Japan, who died at Karuizawa on July 28, 1925. The body was accompanied by Lieutenant Commander Herbert R. Hein, Assist¬ ant Naval Attache.

“The body of the late American Ambas¬ sador, E. A. Bancroft, has reached his native land in safety. It leaves the ship now to be consigned to the motherland, yet the moral in¬ fluence of his great character and the great work he achieved in promoting the friendly relations between America and Japan have

Views: Baron Shidehara and Charge Neville at railroad station ; Taking the casket to the cruiser; The cortege in Tokio.

346 been so deeply appreciated by Japan that they tions. His departure will be as deeply regretted will be cherished forever in the minds of all by a great number of colleagues who have served Japanese. His memory and his work will be with him abroad as it is by his friends in the a bond between the people of our two nations.” Department of State.” On Sunday morning, August 23, the body was Mr. Bailly-Blanchard was born in New Or¬ brought ashore by an American navy boat where leans, La., October 1, 1855; was educated at New it was received by Admiral Dayton and the repre¬ sentative of the Department of State, Consul Orleans, Paris and Dresden; twice edited French General Caldwell. journals in New Orleans; and took part in Louisi¬ A military procession accompanied the casket ana military affairs from 1877 to 1885, when he from the pier to the railroad station. The train became private secretary to the Minister to and party were met France. After this his along the line by offi¬ life was spent continu¬ cials of various rail¬ ously in diplomatic po¬ roads who showed them sitions and in the every courtesy. Diplomatic Service, to In Chicago the train which he was appointed was met by relatives in 1900 as Third Secre¬ and friends of the late tary at Paris, serving Ambassador. Accom¬ later in Japan. He was panied by a detachment appointed Minister to of soldiers and mounted Haiti in 1914, which police, the body was position he held until taken to the church his death. where it lay in state until Thursday after¬ The JOURNAL regrets noon. The funeral was to announce the death attended by the Jap¬ of Mr. Howard D. Van anese Ambassador, Mr. Sant, Consul at Dun¬ T suneo Matsudairo, fermline, on September with his Military and 1, 1925, while at his Naval Attaches, Vice- post. President Dawes, and Mr. Van Sant was oO by Mr. Butler Wright, years of age, and had representing the Secre¬ been a sufferer from tary of State. heart and kidney dis¬ After the ceremonies ease for some time. at Chicago, Dr. Ban¬ He entered the Con¬ croft’s relatives accom¬ ARTHUR BAILLY-BLANCHARD sular Service in 1905 panied his remains to and has served as Con¬ Galesburg, where they are to be interred. sul at Dunfermline since 1910. The remains were shipped from Southampton NECROLOGY on the George Washington, and wrere accom¬ Mr. Arthur Bailly-Blanchard, who was in panied by Mr. Van Sant’s widow, his daughter, Montreal on leave, died in a hotel at that city on and his step-daughter, to their home at Island March 24, 1925. In announcing the death the Heights, New Jersey, the place of burial. There Secretary of State said: are three surviving brothers. “Mr. Bailly-Blanchard’s death removes from During Mr. Van Sant’s twenty years of faith¬ the American Diplomatic Service a traditional ful service, he made many friends both in the and much respected figure, for he had served for Service and elsewhere, and his death is keenly forty years and had held many distinguished posi¬ felt. 347 r_ »prE^^MERICANpORElGNgEKVICE JOURNAL

COMMERCIAL A son, Thomas Morton, was born at Peking, China, on July 4, 1925, to Assistant Military During the month of August, 1925, there were Attache, Captain, and Mrs. Samuel V. Constant. 3,283 trade letters transmitted to the Department as compared with 3,230 letters during July. The Consulate at Caracas, Venezuela, ranked first in A daughter, Sarah, was born on April 30, 1925, number of trade letters submitted, with 96; fol¬ at Nagasaki, to Consul and Mrs. Henry Booth lowed by the Consulate General at Paris, France, Hitchcock. with 88; the Consulate General at Shanghai, China, 69; the Consulate at Guayaquil, Ecuador, A daughter, Genevieve Mary, was born on 57; and the Consulate at Corinto, Niciragua, 55. May 24, 1925, at La Vespiere, France, to Vice A total of 2,578 reports were received during Consul and Mrs. A. M. Doyle. the month of August, 1925, as compared with 2,275 reports during the month of July, 1925. A daughter, Natalia Marie Louise, was born on August 2, 1925, at Marseille, France, to Con¬ MARRIAGE sul and Mrs. H. A. Doolittle. Beecher-Leach. Miss Aroline Arnett Beecher and Vice Consul Richard M. S. Leach, were mar¬ A son, Allan F., Jr., was born on August 12, ried in New Haven, Connecticut, on September 1925, at Berne, Switzerland, to Diplomatic Sec¬ 12, 1925. retary and Mrs. Allan F. Winslow.

BIRTHS A daughter, Denise, was born at Nantes, A daughter, Evelyn Lida, was born at Peking, France, on July 15, 1925, to Vice Consul and China, on March 22, 1925, to Diplomatic Sec¬ Mrs. Marcel Etienne Malige. retary and Mrs. Rees H. Barkalow. The Foreign Service School has given the fol¬ lowing lecture courses: The Mortgage Bonds Political Reporting, Mr. Allen W. Dulles; Representation of Foreign Interests, Mr. Harvey and Preferred Stocks of B. Otterman; New States of Europe, Mr. Wil¬ liam R. Castle, Jr.; Organization for Foreign Trade, Mr. Chauncey D. Snow, Manager, For¬ ELECTRIC POWER & LIGHT eign Commerce Department, Chamber of Com¬ COMPANIES merce of the United States of America; Market Analysis, Mr. W. FI. Rastall, Chief, Industrial Offer a Safe Investment for Machinery Division, Department of Commerce; Your Savings Chambers of Commerce, Mr. Chauncey D. Snow; These securities possess a high degree of Indexes, Archives, and Codes, Mr. David A. safety because they are based on a business Salmon; American Foreign Investments, Mr. furnishing, year in and year out, an essential Grosvenor M. Jones, Chief, Finance and Invest¬ service. Low overhead expense and low ment Division. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic capital requirements and a minimum depend¬ ence upon human labor have enabled these Commerce; Morocco, Mr. Henry Carter; The companies to show an unbroken record of Lausanne Conference, Mr. Joseph C. Grew; Sec¬ profitable earnings over many years. tion 6 Certificates, Mr. Raymond P. Tenney; The Department of State and Foreign Loans, Dr. Send For Our Free Booklet Arthur N. Young; Economic Policy, Dr. Arthur Entitled “Electric Power & Light Companies N. Young; Extradition, Mr. Joseph R. Baker. from the Investor’s Viewpoint,” and learn many interesting facts about these companies as a secure investment for your funds that will Mr. Green H. Hackworth, formerly Assistant yield from 6 to 714%. Solicitor for the Department of State, has been Holman, Watson & Rapp appointed to the position of Solicitor, succeeding Members Philadelphia Stock Exchange Mr. Charles C. Hyde who resigned on July 1 to LAND TITLE BLDG. PHILADELPHIA become a professor of international law. Mr. Hyde replaces Mr. John Bassett Moore. 348 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST AMERICAN SHIPPING IN THE NATION’S CAPITAL (Continued from, page 335) GUDE’S FLOWERS ported into those ports in German vessels, without being liable to any other or higher duties or charges OF COURSE! whatsoever than if such articles were imported in United States vessels; and, reciprocally, all articles which are or may be legally imported from foreign Gude—Florist countries into the ports of Germany, in German ves¬ 1212 F St. N. W. 1102 Conn. Ave. N. W. sels, may likewise be imported into these ports in United States vessels without being liable to any other WASHINGTON, D. C. or higher duties or charges whatsoever than if such TELEPHONE MAIN 4278 were imported from foreign countries in German vessels. Flowers via Telegraph—Anywhere—Any Time * * * *

ARTICLE IX No duties of tonnage, harbor, pilotage, lighthouse, ment. This point should be emphasized because of a quarantine, or similar or corresponding duties or tendency to suppose that, in the absence of a treaty, a charges of whatever denomination, levied in the name foreign country may impose any discriminatory measure or for the profit of the Government, public function¬ it sees fit in favor of its own shipping, so long as it aries, private individuals, corporations or establish¬ treats American ships on a footing of equality with ments of any kind shall be imposed in the ports of the ships of all foreign countries, without giving this the territories of either country upon the vessels of Government any ground for complaint. Such discrimi¬ the other, which shall not equally, under the same nation in favor of a country’s own ships is sometimes conditions, be imposed on national vessels. Such regarded as solely a domestic matter concerning which equality of treatment shall apply reciprocally to the foreign countries should not presume to interfere. But vessels of the two countries respectively from what¬ this Government is fully justified in protesting against ever place they may arrive and whatever may be their the refusal of a foreign country to treat American ves¬ place of destination. sels on an equal, footing with its own with respect to * * * * the duties, charges and conditions imposed in its ports, ARTICLE XI and the foreign service officer should not fail to report all cases of this kind. Merchant vessels and other privately owned ves¬ Protest is usually justifiable on the ground that the sels under the flag of either of the High Contracting vessels of the offending country enjoy equal treatment Parties shall be permitted to discharge portions of with American vessels in the ports of the United States. cargoes at any port open to foreign commerce in the It would be manifestly unfair, for example, if American territories of the other High Contracting Party, and vessels were subjected to less favorable treatment in to proceed with the remaining portions of such car¬ French ports than French vessels while competing goes to any other ports of the same territories open French vessels were permitted to enter American ports to foreign commerce, without paying other or higher on an equal footing with American vessels. tonnage dues or port charges in such cases than would be paid by national vessels in like circumstances, and The Authority for Insisting Upon National Treatment they shall be permitted to load in like manner at dif¬ Authority for demanding national treatment for ferent ports in the same voyage outward, provided, American ships abroad and the means of bringing pres¬ however, that the coasting trade of the United States sure to bear upon foreign countries which refuse to is exempt from the provisions of this Article and accord them such treatment is to be found in Sections from the other provisions of this Treaty, and is to be 4228, 4229, 4225, and 2502 of the revised statutes, and regulated according to the laws of the Untied States in Section 26 of the Shipping Act of 1916. These sec¬ in relation thereto. It is agreed, however, that the tions provide in effect that if a foreign country refuses nationals of either High Contracting Party shall to accord American vessels national treatment the ships within the territories of the other enjoy with respect of that country may be assessed heavy penalty tonnage to the coasting trade the most favored nation treat¬ dues upon entering ports of the United States, or that ment. other retaliatory measures may be taken to induce the offending country to give American vessels the desired Ground for Protest Against Shipping Discriminations equality. It is seldom necessary for this Government Where a discriminatory measure has been imposed by to make use of this means for obtaining equality for a foreign government which is clearly in conflict with American ships. In one recent case, however, a Soviet a treaty between that country and the United States, Russian vessel was assessed tonnage dues at the rate of the Department’s ground for protest is, of course, $1.06 per net ton instead of the usual six cents because obvious. But it is apparent that all conceivable forms the Soviet Government has persisted in discriminating of discrimination which might be contrived are not against .American vessels entering Soviet ports. specifically covered by treaty stipulations such as those just quoted. Moreover, there are many countries with Unfair Discrimination is Sometimes Difficult to Define which the United States has no commercial treaty at Cases occasionally arise in which it is difficult to de¬ all. But the absence of a treaty, or the fact that dis¬ termine whether a foreign regulation is to be defined criminatory practices are outside of the specific stipula¬ as discrimination which warrants protest being made by tions of a treaty, does not preclude action by the Depart- the Department. For example, an American Consul re- 349 rjTHE^MERICAN JpOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

Reporting Cases of Discrimination The subject of shipping discriminations is fully covered in Special Instructions, Consular, No. 960, of April 10, 1925. This instruction describes the various kinds of discrimination and indicates the kind of reports which the Department desires on this subject. It may be worth while, however, to mention a few of the more important considerations which the reporting officer should have in mind. Upon receiving a report concerning a discrimination against American ships the Department must decide whether the circumstances justify representations in the matter and upon what grounds such representations may be based. The Department should be given all the in¬ formation necessary to reaching a decision on these points. In general the reporting officer should so far as possible place himself in the position of those in the Department who must deal with such questions. If this is done it will serve to indicate to him the direction cently reported a foreign Government’s decree “ex¬ which his inquiry should take. More specifically the empting vessels arriving in ballast for the express pur¬ following points may be mentioned as being of particular pose of loading coffee or other national produce from importance in submitting reports: the payment of port charges.” This means in effect Accuracy. The first requirement is that the report be that tramp vessels were to be given special favors as accurate. Protest to a foreign government may be on compared with liners, as only tramp vessels are likely the basis of the report as sent in and if the Department to arrive in ballast for full outbound cargoes. On the is misled into even minor inaccuracies its efforts to face of it there is nothing discriminatory in this measure secure the removal of the discrimination may be pre¬ as preference is not shown to the vessels of any par¬ judiced even though in its essentials the Department’s ticular flag but only to vessels of a particular kind re¬ position is entirely sound. gardless of their flag. But it so happens that there are Copies of law, decree or regulation whereby the for¬ very few American tramps entering into this trade. eign country imposes the discrimination should in all On the other hand an American steamship line for years cases be sent to the Department. Such copies are has operated vessels on regular schedule touching the obtainable in practically all cases. With copies of the ports of the country. Consequently the decree in ques¬ foreign Government’s law or regulation before it the tion would have the effect of favoring foreign ships, Department is then quite sure of its ground. In trans¬ especially small Norwegian, British and other European mitting such laws the Foreign Service officer should tramps which call at the country’s ports during the definitely ascertain whether they are actually in force season of heavy exports, as compared with the Amer¬ and should so state in his despatch. ican line which maintains regular service through seasons Reports should be specific. General statements re¬ of light traffic as well as in the more prosperous seasons. garding the discrimination practiced by a foreign Gov¬ Another instance may be given. A Foreign Service ernment should never be given in lieu of specific and officer in a European country reported that the govern¬ detailed statements. The Department desires in each ment had imposed a tax on all vessels, national and case a detailed statement of exactly the charges or con¬ foreign, entering its ports, but that the proceeds of the ditions which place American shipping at an unfair tax were to be paid to national ship-owners for losses disadvantage. incurred from the compulsory carrying of freight at re¬ Comment by the reporting officer. The reporting duced rates during the war. In other words it appeared officer should comment upon the facts which he sub¬ that while all vessels had to pay the tax, the amount paid mits. A mere statement that discrimination exists and by national vessels was returned to them. This had the of what it consists is not always sufficient. The Depart¬ appearance of a mere device for getting around the pro¬ ment wants in all cases to determine whether it is a visions of our treaty with the country in question which protestable discrimination. To a certain extent the stipulates that the vessels of each country shall not be Foreign Service officer should go into the case in much subjected to discriminatory charges in the ports of the the same manner as the Department does and submit other, since the returning of the tax paid by national all facts and considerations which may have some bear¬ vessels seemed equivalent to no tax at all. Before ing upon the action to be taken. An effort should be making representations on the subject, however, the De¬ made to find out what considerations have caused the partment instructed the Embassy to submit further in¬ foreign government to impose the discrimination and formation on certain points. The Embassy reported what answer it is likely to make to this Government’s that only a few shipowners would benefit by the tax contention that it should be removed. For example, a while all other native shipowners would have to con¬ case was recently reported in which American vessels tribute without getting any compensating benefit. Since were denied access to conveniently located piers and the majority of native shipowners were placed in the were required to tie up at piers which were some dis¬ same position as American shipowners the Department tance from the city. Consequently passengers disem¬ concluded that it could not appropriately protest. In barked from American vessels had to travel some dis¬ other words the tax, while to some extent discriminatory tance by train after disembarkation in order to reach in favor of the national vessels which shared in the their hotels in the city, while passengers from compet¬ fund created by the tax, could not be regarded as flag ing foreign lines were able to get into a taxicab or discrimination. The tax was merely a means of raising street car and reach their hotels in the course of a few revenue for a particular purpose and the Department minutes time. The reporting officer stated these facts could not appropriately object to this way of spending it. and no more, but seemed to feel that this was a delib- 350 ^HE^MERICANpOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

erate discrimination against American ships which warranted action by this Government. The questions THE FIRST HALF CENTURY which immediately present themselves to the Depart¬ ment in considering such a report are: Who owns the AT HAMBURG piers? If they are owned by the steamship lines which (Continued from page 332) use them or by private companies which lease them, the situation is quite different than if they were owned by sian Government which contemplated deportation of ten the Government. Who applied for the favorable ac¬ convicts from Mecklenburg to Texas. commodations first? Are all vessels of the country in “There are no immigrants,” he wrote to the Chief of which the port is located given favorable berthing the Hamburg police, “more welcome or more respected accommodations? Are other foreign vessels (i.e. for¬ in the United States than the honest and industrious eign to the country in which the port is located) better German . . .” but against the sending of such treated than American? characters as these Mecklenburg convicts he protested loudly. “Desperate villains,” he termed them, and swore Some time ago the Department received a despatch they would never land in America. from a consul in a certain port in which it was stated His protest was successful and the project was that national vessels were allowed a 35 percent rebate on abandoned. This successful essay was the last chronicled all port charges, but it was not clear from the report ex¬ case of importance which he was permitted to negotiate. actly what those charges were. It was also reported that foreign vessels were required to use harbor tugs to tie The succeeding year appears to have been uneventful. up with while national vessels were exempt from this Death of Mr. Cuthbert requirement. Before the Department could take up this He died on March 10th of the second, year thereafter matter, if it should decide ultimately to do so, it would (1848), at the home of one Tillmann, where he had his need to have a little more information. What reason do residence, and was buried in Hamburg. the local authorities assign for requiring foreign ves¬ John A. Cuthbert was a credit to the Consular Service. sels to use harbor tugs while national vessels are exempt He undoubtedly left the imprint of his honest, demo¬ from this requirement? Is it merely a device for aid¬ cratic character on the aristocracy of Hamburg society, ing national shipping in its competition with foreign and there is reason to believe that he was ever held in or by any chance are local conditions such as to make the highest esteem and respect by all with whom he came this a reasonable requirement? in contact. His extended and successful period of serv¬ The extent to which American shipping interests are ice, thirty years approximately at an important Euro¬ affected should always be stated in reporting discrimina¬ pean post, under seven Presidents, Monroe, J. Q. Adams, tory measures enforced by foreign governments. A Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, Tyler, and Polk, de¬ statement of the entrances and clearances at the port is serves permanent record and full recognition as among usually sufficient. If the discriminatory law is applied at the most successful of individual consular achievements. a port at which American vessels seldom if ever call the Cuthbert appointed Charles David Tolme as Vice question is largely an academic one and the Department Consul in 1827, and a Mr. James Wilson in 1831, when may desire to take this into account. P riva te D iscrimin at ions In the special instruction, Consular, No. 960, the mat¬ ter of discriminations against American shipping by Carl M. J. von Zielinski foreign private concerns is considered in detail. Prefer¬ ential rail rates on a privately owned railway favoring Leslie B. Cooper Luis M. Alzamora national vessels would come within this category. FOREIGN TRADE AND FINANCIAL ADVISERS Preference to national vessels in the use of piers and other harbor facilities, prices of bunker fuel, etc., are Specializing in others. One point in connection with the so-called The handling of Alien Property Custodian Claims, and private discriminations should be stressed. Reporting Miscellaneous Collections Here and Abroad. officers should be particular to ascertain and to state New Financing:, Funding: of Debts, Re-Organization of whether the private company practicing any kind of dis¬ Foreign Firms, Incorporations Under American crimination against American vessels is subject to Gov¬ Laws, Branch Managements. ernment regulation or control and whether the Govern¬ Financial Investigations and Credit Information ment is in any way responsible for the discrimination. A discrimination practiced by a private concern against Agents and Correspondents all American vessels as such would give rise to a strong in practically all parts of the world presumption that the Government had a hand in the matter since it is quite unnatural for private concerns to mix patriotism with business in this way. HAITIAN-DO MINI CAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Cases of private discrimination against American ves¬ Agents for sels as such or against particular American vessels Savage & Stevens Arms, U. S. Ammunition, and should always be reported. It is quite possible that Sonora Phonograph Co. there is nothing that this Government could do, but on the other hand there is one provision of our law (Section 19 (b) of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920) which E. TOSSE & COMPANY, INC. gives the Shipping Board authority to deal with certain cases of this kind. Even though the Board might be Exporters of able to find no means of retaliating against the offending CHEMICALS AND DRUGS foreign concern, the information that such discrimination exists is useful to American shipping companies which 90-96 Wall Street New York City may contemplate entering that trade. 351 r iE p J^MERICAN^?OKEIGNgERVlCE JOURNAL the former resigned. Mr. Wilson resigned because of cat o'nine tails of free will, crucified by monks and ill health on March 9, 1848, the day before Mr. Cuth- ministers, risen again by the glory of the students and bert’s death, and on that day Mr. George H. Millington. the power of the proletarians, descended from heaven Hamburg business man and banker and close friend of in the glorious month of February and March in the Cuthbert, and Mr. George August Kroenig were ap¬ first year of the revolution (1848). I believe in the pointed to the office, jointly. possibility to instruct morally and spiritually a neg¬ George August Kroenig, Vice Consul lected and servile people. Through the blessing of Mr. Kroenig appears to have been charged with the the free school I believe in the Majesty of the people duties of the office, and he assumed charge on March 11, and in the holiness of the truth of its will. I believe 1848. Kroenig frankly admitted to the Department his in the republic and the necessity of social reform as inexperience in consular matters, and the ordinarily sure as I am a man, Amen!” (May 4, 1848.) smooth routine of the days of Mr. Cuthbert was ruffled It would have occasioned less surprise perhaps had somewhat by his ignorance of procedure. He managed Ludwig incurred the wrath of rhetoricians, rather than to get along, however, until the arrival of his regularly statesmen and politicians, by preaching his creed. Other appointed successor. than the Ludwig episode there is only one glimpse of the It will be recalled that this period was marked by 1848 revolution as revealed in Mr. Kroenig’s un¬ revolutionary ideas and activities throughout the con¬ imaginative files. He informed the Treasurer of the tinent. Kroenig was inordinately pestered by a radical United States that “owing to the great tightness of German-American named S. Ludwig, who it appears money prevailing all over the continent, a consequence of ran afoul of the German authorities on account of his the unsettled state of politics in France, Germany, Italy, revolutionary ideas. Kroenig felt little sympathy for we think it not likely that many parties in this part of Ludwig, but did intervene in his behalf though with not the world will be in a position to reflect on a proposed much success. Ludwig finally left Hamburg of his own loan.” (May 23, 1848.) volition much to Kroenig’s satisfaction. Kroenig has * On April 16th, 1850, Mr. Kroenig handed over his preserved in the archives of the consulate a copy of a office to Mr. Samuel Bromberg, newly appointed Consul remarkable document which purports to have been Lud¬ just arrived from America, and the earlier phase of the wig’s creed, or the substance of his philosophy. It is Consulate’s history was concluded. given here as an astonishing rhetorical conceit: * The records of the Department of State, as compiled by “I believe in the God of Freedom, in his son Mr. Percy F. Allen, against which certain data herein contained Equality before the Law and in the Holy Ghost of have been checked, indicate the appointment as Consul at Ham¬ burg of three additional officers: Frederick List, November 8, Righteousness. I believe in the Jesus of Revolution, 1830 ; Gustavus Koerner, June 2, 1848 ; and Philo White, conceived by the pure and unpolluted virgin of reason February 7, 1849. None of these gentlemen appear to have and the holy ghost of the press; suffered under the served at the post.

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352

✓ FILE NUMBER? From a recent letter to a consulate: “Kindly inform where a person having a peculiar sickness or disease should apply. I thought that maybe medical science could have use of my body after my death.” A NEGLECTED PATRIOT Among the anniversaries of patriotism which throng the present year it would have been just and fitting to give more attention than it generally received to one which occurred a few days ago, the bicentenary of the birth of James Otis. His pitiably tragic fate deprived the nation of the masterful leadership in the Revolution which, in other circumstances, he would doubtless have exercised. But the early and effective impetus Leadership which he gave to the cause of American rights entitles him to grateful commemoration. The leadership of White Star and associated There is indeed peculiar cause for honoring his memory at this time, when under a monstrous lines rests not merely upon the vast size of perversion of the police power taken from the its fleet of 106 ships; nor upon the preemi¬ States and arrogated by Federal functionaries, nence of its great liners, which include the the fourth article of our Constitutional Bill of world’s largest steamer Majestic. Rights has been grossly violated. For that article might well be regarded as the best epitaph of The main fact in this leadership is some¬ James Otis. He was the pioneer, the supreme thing indefinable and intangible, that fin¬ protagonist, in the fight for “the right of the peo¬ ished skill and mastery of service made pos¬ ple to be secure in their persons, houses, papers sible by fifty-four years’ experience. and effects against unreasonable searchers and seizures,” and in insisting that “no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath World-Wide Freight Service or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or things to More than a million tons of shipping oper¬ be seized.” ated with a thorough knowledge of shippers’ The very words and phrases of that article are requirements. echoes of his famous five-hours’ speech in 1760 against the oppressive conduct of British revenue Fast combination passenger-cargo liners officers, of which John Adams said: “The child and many specialized types catering to Independence was then and there born.” For ten individual needs— years he was the unrivalled legal champion of the people against unwarranted searches and seizures, Mail liners weekly for Southampton, Lon¬ and then, in 1769, he paid the penalty of martyr¬ don and Liverpool. Other sailings so dom. In backing up his legal arguments with frequent that prompt forwarding is always personal physical resistance to such oppression he a matter of course— suffered at the hands of British soldiers injuries which hopelessly impaired his mental faculties; a Apply to No. 1 Broadway, New York, our offices sword cut on the head producing a grave lesion elsewhere, or any authorized agent of the brain. Yet he was spared, before a stroke of lightning dramatically ended his life, to see in the ending of WHITE STAR LINE the Revolution and the recognition of American AMERICAN LINE w REP STAR LINE LEYLAND LINE * PANAMA PACIFIC LINE independence in the treaty of peace, fulfillment of ATLANTIC TRANSPORT LINE his own prophetic words of many years before: WHITE STAR - DOMINION LINE “It may be well for some proud men to remember INTERNATIONAL MERCANTILE MARINE COMPANY that a fire is lighted in these Colonies which one 353 breath of their King may kindle into such fury Class VIII to Class VII that the blood of all England can not extinguish Edward S. Crocker, 2d, Rome, Italy. it!” There must always be an honored place in John Stambaugh, 2d, The Hague, Netherlands. the American Pantheon for the name of James Otis, our first great champion of the individual The following promotions in the Consular rights of men. Branch of the Foreign Service have been an¬ nounced : SERVICE PROMOTIONS Class V to Class IV The following promotions in the Diplomatic Frank C. Lee, Consul, Department. Branch of the Foreign Service have been an¬ James B. Stewart, Consul, detailed as Consular nounced : aass m fo Gass u Inspector. Ferdinand L. Mayer, Peking, China. Class VI to Class V William C. Burdett, Consul, Seville. Class IV to Class III H. Merle Cochran, Consul, Department. George A. Gordon, Budapest, Hungary. John P. Hurley, Consul, Vienna. R. Henry Norweb, The Hague, Netherlands. Joseph E. Jacobs, Consul, Shanghai. L. Lanier Winslow, Santiago, Chile. George A. Makinson, Consul. Callao-Lima. Class V to Class IV Class VII to Class VI Edwin C. Wilson, Department. Edward M. Groth, Consul, Bagdad. Alan F. Winslow, Berne, Switzerland. Edmund B. Montgomery, Consul, London. Class VI to Class V John F. Simons, Consul, Riga. Benjamin Reath Riggs, Bucharest, Rumania. Clarence J. Spiker, Consul, Swatow. Merritt Swift, Peking, China. R. A. Wallace Treat, Consul and Third Sec¬ Harold H. Tittman, Jr., Rome, Italy. retary, Angora.

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Class VIII to Class VII Donald F. Bigelow, Consul, Paris. STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK Nathaniel P. Davis, Consul, Berlin. 26 Broadway New York Donald R. Heath. Consul, Warsaw. Jack Dewey Hickerson, Consul, Ottawa. Robert D. Murphy, Consul, Munich. George P. Shaw, Consul, Tegucigalpa. Unclassified $3,000 to Class VIII Gilson G. Blake, Jr., Vice Consul, Georgetown. James H. Keeley, Jr., Vice Consul, Damascus. Carl D. Meinhardt, Vice Consul, Changsha. Hugh S. Miller, Vice Consul, Singapore. Sydney B. Redecker, Vice Consul, Medan. Harry L. Troutman, Vice Consul, Budapest. Unclassified $2,750 to Unclassified $3,000 Frederik van den Arend, Vice Consul, Leipzig. The Mark of Quality Unclassified $2,500 to Unclassified $2,750 John H. Bruins, Vice Consul, Riga. Julian C. Dorr, Vice Consul, Naples. Samuel E. Green, Vice Consul, Sofia. James E. Parks, Vice Consul, Cardiff. Socony Harry E. Stevens, Vice Consul, Canton. SERVICE CHANGES Diplomatic Branch Products J. Holbrook Chapman, Third Secretary at Brussels, appointed a Vice Consul and assigned Vice Consul, Cologne, Germany. Illuminating Oils Hamilton C. Claiborne, Consul detailed to Dept., commissioned a Diplomatic Secretary and Lubricating Oils and Greases appointed First Secretary at Bucarest. Alexander C. Kirk, First Secretary at Mexico City, detailed to Department. Gasoline and Motor Spirits Arthur B. Lane, Diplomatic Secretary detailed to Dept., appointed First Secretary Mexico City. Fuel Oil Jay P. Moffat, First Secretary at Constanti¬ nople, detailed to Department. Asphaltums, Binders and Consular Branch Road Oils Officers of Career John W. Bailey, Jr., V. C. and clerk, Geneva, Paraffine Wax and Candles promoted to be a Foreign Service Officer, Un¬ classified, $2500 and assigned V. C., Geneva. William E. Beitz, V. C. and clerk, Hamburg, Lamps, Stoves and Heaters promoted to be a Foreign Service Officer, Un¬ classified, $2500, and assigned V. C. Hamburg. William P. Blocker, Consul at Guaymas, as¬ Branch Offices in the Principal Cities of signed Consul Mazatlan. Japan Philippine Islands Turkey Frank Bohr, Consul at Cienfuegos, assigned China Straits Settlements Syria Consul, Mexicali. Indo-China Netherlands India Bulgaria William C. Burdette, Consul at Seville, as¬ Siam South Africa Greece signed Consul, Brussels. India Australasia Jugoslavia J. Holbrook Chapman, Third Secretary at Brussels, appointed a Vice Consul and assigned Vice Consul Cologne, Germany. .156 EXCEPTIONAL RIDiNB COMFORT

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Hamilton C. Claiborne, Consul detailed to Dept., commissioned a Diplomatic Secretary and appointed First Secretary at Bucarest. Nathaniel P. Davis, Consul detailed to Berlin, assigned Consul Pernambuco. Robert Frazer, C. G. at Zurich, detailed as an Inspector. Herndon W. Goforth, Consul at Santos, de¬ tailed to Sao Paulo. Julian F. Harrington, V. C. and clerk, Ant¬ werp, promoted to be a Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, $2500, and assigned Vice Consul, Antwerp. Donald R. Heath, Consul detailed to Warsaw, assigned Consul at Berne. Ernest L. Ives, Consul at Alexandria, detailed to Department. John McArdle, Vice Consul at Santa Marta, detailed to Department. George A. Makinson, Consul detailed to Val¬ paraiso, assigned Consul at Callao-Lima, Peru. Robert D. Murphy, Consul detailed to Munich, assigned Consul at Seville. George R. Paschal, V. C. at Chunking, pro¬ moted in Unclassified grade to $2500. Mahlon F. Perkins, Consul detailed to Dept., detailed to Tientsin. Egbert Rand, Student Interpreter to Japan, ordered to United States. Robert C. Rasche, Foreign Service Officer, Leadership Unclassified, detailed to Foreign Service School in Dept., resigned August 15, 1925. FAST, visible typewriting began with the Gabriel bie Rawndal, C. G. at Constantinople, introduction of the Underwood Typewriter more than a quarter of a century ago. Dur¬ assigned C. G. at Zurich. ing this time there have been no changes in Emil Sauer, Consul at Sherbrooke, assigned the fundamental principles of its construction, Consul at Toronto. although certain minor improvements have Walter H. Sholes, Consul at Goteborg, as¬ been made. The Underwood Typewriter still holds the sovereign position in typewriter signed Consul at Hull. speed, accuracy and durability. It has proved Edwin F. Stanton, V. C., at Kalgan, promoted its right to this leadership by winning every in Unclassified grade to $3,000. International Typewriter Contest since its Nathaniel B. Stewart, C. G. at Tokyo, assigned inception eighteen years ago. C. G. at Constantinople. Commerce pays tribute by acceptance—at the George K. Stiles, Consul at Stavanger, re¬ dawn of every business day more than two signed August 11, 1925. million Underwoods go into action. Arthur F. Tower, Vice Consul at Port au UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER CO., INC. Prince, assigned Vice Consul at Warsaw. 1413 New York Avenue N. W. Howard D. Van Sant, Consul at Dunfermline, Washington, D. C. died September 1, 1925. Henry C. von Struve, Consul at Mexicali, as¬ Branches in all Principal Cities signed Consul at Goteborg. Maurice Walk, Consul detailed to Hongkong, detailed to Tokyo. UNDERWOOD Herbert O. Williams, Consul at Brussels, de¬ tailed to Liverpool. Speeds the World’s Business Leslie E. Woods, Consul detailed to Stras¬ bourg, detailed to Calais temporarily. 358 L. rpre^MERICANpOREIGN gERYICE JOURNAL

Non-Career Officers Stephen E. Aguirre, to remain Manzanillo as Vice Consul. Commission as V. C., Mexico City, cancelled. Stuart G. Beck, clerk at Tampico, appointed Vice Consul there. Lawrence F. Cotie, appointed Vice Consul and clerk, Santa Marta. Earl W. Eaton, to remain Nuevo Laredo as Vice Consul. Commission as Vice Consul at Manzanillo cancelled. Clarence C. Frick, V. C. and clerk at Swansea, appointed V. C. and clerk at Dublin. Sylvio C. Leoni, V. C. and clerk, Milan, ap¬ pointed V. C. and clerk at Messina temporarily. Alfred P. Lothrop, Honorary Vice Consul at Kingston, Ont., resigned. Clifford W. McGlasson, appointed Vice Con¬ sul and clerk at Prague. Dale Maher, clerk at Prince Rupert, appointed Vice Consul there. Daniel Miller, V. C. and clerk, London, ap¬ pointed V. C. and clerk at Stoke-on-Trent tem¬ porarily. Winfield H. Minor, clerk at Calcutta, ap¬ pointed Vice Consul there. Raymond Phelan, V. C. and clerk, Dakar, ap¬ pointed V. C. and clerk at Guadeloupe. George B. Seawright, clerk at Malmo, ap¬ pointed Vice Consul there. Nathan Vanpatten, appointed Honorary Vice Consul at Kingston, Ont. Thomas W. Waters, resigned as Vice Consul Such Photographs Wanted at Bluefields. Casimir T. Zawadski, clerk at Munich, ap¬ The National Geographic Magazine needs pointed Vice Consul there. views of life in native marketplaces—such as this of a Persian barber evidently much hap¬ pier than his tonsorial victim; of native work and native play. These subjects are easily MUTINY ON THE FRANK N. available for your camera, or perhaps native THAYER photographers have such pictures.

(Continued from page 330) The more everyday the view to you, They smashed in a window opposite where the the more interesting to these million Captain sat, and one told the other to go in. The readers of The Geographic. Captain fired two shots at the window, prematurely, thus—startling them away without hurting them. All material accepted is paid for promptly at With oaths and curses of surprise and disgust, they went away locking the shutters, and barricading attractive rates, and that which is unavailable the outside door of the companion way. returned promptly by insured post. One of the party who came out with the capstan bars, R. Sandbergh, had escaped to the upper rigging in the Write for descriptive booklets to The Editor midst of the fray, and witnessed all these demons did on deck in the next thirty-three hours, during which they held possession of that noble ship. Another man, C. H. National Geographic Magazine Hendricksen, had fled to the after part of the ship and taken refuge in the bath room which opened upon the WASHINGTON, D. C. after companion way outside the cabin door, before the Indians had closed the outer door of the companion way. 359 lakt Gylinder W track tests and grueling races, the eight-in-line engine has (jedan proved its supremacy over all types of engines. It has remained for Hup- mobile to fully utilize the inherent possibilities of the eight-in-line and to provide a motor car that not only possesses the performance advantages of the straight eight engine, but also an amazing degree of economy and durability at a moderate price.

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360 L_ THE^MERICANpOREIGNgERVICE JOURNAL

Such was the situation during January 3rd (Sunday) of six well men, as follows—Edward Augusten, Henry except that the first mate had died at 3 a. m. in the Wilson, August Kuphal, Wm. St. Clair, Louis Henson forecastle, and Antone Serein, who was on the lookout, and John Kinman, the four wounded before named, and was found in the carpenter shop and butchered by the the dead mate. Of the four wounded, two barely Indians at about 5 a. m. The Captain lingered between escaped bleeding to death, one of them being the young fellow Mattias Staal who evinced the most bravery life and death, but during that awful day, that was like during the fray, and of whom I shall speak further on. an age, he managed to get on the table and fire a few Thanks to Providence and the gentle care of his wife shots through the skylight in the fore cabin. But no one (who so far as human aid extends may justly be called came to his relief, and his only discovery was that there the savior of the crew), Captain Clarke felt somewhat was a man in the rigging, and that the two Indians had stronger on Monday morning, January 4th, though he possession of his ship. Under threats of death the had tasted neither medicine, food nor stimulant since cowardly steward had been compelled to fire a few shots Saturday at supper time. The medicines and liquors for when the Captain was too weak to do so, but the Indians medical use were in the chest in the bath-room which kept themselves screened and out of harm’s way. could only be reached by going out of the cabin, and The cook, Ah Say, was the only living man on deck the Captain had been too weak to venture this risk. except the assassins. They told him they would kill As the water in the cabin was exhausted by Monday morning, and it was absolutely necessary to procure everybody except him and the Captain’s wife, and keep some, the Captain went out revolver in hand, and on them till the last. They forced him to kill and cook trying to enter the bath room found it fastened on the chickens, and make delicacies for them during Sunday, inside. When he recognized the Captain’s voice, Hen- which they forced him to bring to them to their hiding dricsen unfastened the door, and the Captain found him place in front of the fore cabin. armed with a broad axe that was kept there, prepared to The doctor who has attended Captain Clarke here says defend himself against the Indians. He informed the it is surprising he did not die that day, and that his sur¬ Captain of what he knew about the mutiny, who now vival is largely the result of vast will power. Had he for the first time realized that the Indians were the succumbed the entire crew would have perished, for the only culprits. Hendricsen was brought into the cabin Indians would have secured the fire arms and shot them and armed with a revolver, the Captain still quite un¬ down in detail. certain as to the fate of the balance of the crew, but Thus the day and night of Sunday dragged gloomily determined to make a desperate effort to regain pos¬ along, despair, doubt, uncertainty, dread and suffering session of his ship. holding sway in the cabin, and a similar state of affairs During Sunday night the Indians had carefully pre¬ in the forecastle. The occupants of the latter consisted pared to play their last card. They had taken a heavy

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361 'pTE^MERICAN ^ OREIGN gERYICE JOURNAL door and lashed it on edge to the poop railing, about no doubt that they labored manfully to put out the fire. twelve feet forward and to the left of the skylight. They took the hose in through the port from the main Back of this door they had fastened a two inch pitch deck, and as they did so the steward called the Captain pine plank and the bed and pillows from the carpenter's to come aft as Mrs. Clarke was locked in her room room as a breastwork from behind which they were and could not get out. It appears that Mrs. Clarke had prepared to harpoon anybody who appeared at the sky¬ locked herself into her room fearing further danger, light. For this purpose they were armed with one good and that she could not unlock it again. She handed the harpoon, and several javelins made by lashing knives to key through the window to the steward, and he tried to the ends of sticks ten or twelve feet long. unlock it on the outside, but failing had come to the The firing from the cabin was resumed early in the Captain, who went to her rescue. The key then broke morning, and by dexterous aiming and shooting through in the lock, and the Captain forced the door by a blow the woodwork of the cabin, one of the Indians was hit with the broad axe. Assuring his wife that there was no by Hendricsen, and running forward he cast a plank further danger he returned to the deck to find the fire overboard and jumped into the sea. Sandburgh, seeing gaining rapidly, and that the incendiary had come up this, came down from the rigging, and the steward through the hatch while the men were fighting the fire, handed him a revolver through the skylight. The Cap¬ and jumped over board. tain broke open the upper door of the companion way The rest is soon told: Owing to the inflammable with the broad axe, and at almost the same time the character of the cargo the fire was beyond control in men broke out of the forecastle. Ah Say having given two hours, and the only chance of saving life was to them an axe. take to the boats. It was about noon when the two In the midst of all the tumult that followed, smoke boats were got ready. The wounded men and the fol¬ was seen issuing from the after hatch, which was always lowing provisions were put into the larger boat: kept open as it led to the sail room, the half deck con¬ taining the stores and over a hundred bales of hemp. 160 cans of oysters, clams, meats and sardines. The Captain was on deck, prostrated as he was, and ISO pounds of flour. ordered the men to go in and kill the assassin who had 12 pounds of crackers. fired the ship. They went down the after hatch, fired 3 jars of preserves. several shots which they supposed had killed the Indian, 200 gallons of water. and came up, driven by the smoke to work on the fire. However, their other conduct may be viewed, there is The smaller boat was swamped with a cask of water, r Friction Meets Its Master The Vacuum Oil Company, the world’s leading specialist in lubrication, operates on this principle:

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363 rjTHE^MERICANpOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

and all hands got into the large one, in which they were That there appears to have been some reason to blame packed like sardines in a box. They waited about in a portion of the crew with cowardice I cannot deny; the vicinity of the burning ship until Tuesday January but I will not constitute myself their judge as to that, Sth at 10 a. m., when, abandoning the hope of being for the circumstances were wholly without parallel, and picked up,. the Captain had some blankets packed to¬ in the extreme terrible. Malone and Hendricsen seem gether for a sail and started for Saint Helena, where most open to the charge, for they were in a position to they arrived on Monday morning, January 11th, at about help the Captain, and failed to do so. 3 a. m., when Mr. Pritchard, the Harbor Master, did The men in hospital are doing well, and will all re¬ all he could to expedite their landing, and showed con¬ cover, the colonial surgeon thinks, the climate at the sideration which is worthy of praise. hospital being very favorable. I cannot close this report without expressing my Captain Clarke, with his wife and little daughter, will leave for England by the steamer that conveys this sincere admiration for the skill and humanity of Cap¬ despatch, the sufferer purposing to go into a London tain Clarke in this voyage of over six hundred miles in hospital for treatment of the wound in his side. an open boat by far too heavily laden; and it appears Trusting that this report will not weary you by its to me that he is deserving of some public recognition for unusual length, his conduct. Large vessels that want to call here often I am, Sir, miss the Island altogether, carried by currents off their Your obedient servant, track, or going by in the night or in a fog. Once past JAS. A. MACKNIGHT, there is no getting back for the Southeast trade blows Consul. perpetually. Enclosure: Half of Register of ship Frank N. Thayer of Boston. I must not fail either to mention the bravery of the Summary: Seven men killed, including the two In¬ boy, Mattias Staal, who fought the Indians with his dians. capstan bar when the other men had fled, and until he Five wounded, including the Captain. fell with three terrible stabs in his body. Fourteen left on the Consulate.

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364 The American Foreign Service Association

Honorary President PRANK B. KELLOGG Secretary of State

Honorary Vice-Presidents JOSEPH C. GREW Under Secretary of State LELAND HARRISON Assistant Secretary of State J. BUTLER WRIGHT Assistant Secretary of State WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State

President Vice-President

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FRANCIS WHITE Chairman RALPH J. TOTTEN Vice-Chairman WILLIAM DAWSON COERT DUBOIS ARTHUR BLISS LANE

HERSCHEL V. JOHNSON Secretary-Treasurer of the Association

JOURNAL STAFF FELIX COLE Editor J. THEODORE MARRINER ] F. LAMMOT BELIN }• Associate Editors WILLIAM W. HEARD J FRANK C. LEE Business Manager MONNETT B. DAVIS 1 .. .Associate Business Managers H. L. WILLIAMSON J H. S. FULLERTON Treasurer of Journal

The American Foreign Service Association is an un¬ official and voluntary association embracing most of the members of The Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Service, to strengthen service spirit and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. /

Jk

iV* %rC si, \

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United States and the Far East Five splendidly appointed Government ships of the American Oriental Mail Line are operated over the Short Route from Seattle via Victoria, B. C., with a sailing every twelve days: S. S. President McKinley S. S. Pres dent Grant S. S. President Jefferson S. S. President Jackson S. S. President Madison

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