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The Impact of Selling the Federal Helium Reserve O E o e h i ue t r use t are t ease l P breaks ed. age The Impact of Selling the Federal P iles. ally insert f Helium Reserve ng i t peset y http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9860.html The ImpactofSellingtheFederalHeliumReserve been accident have y a he original t t Committee on the Impact of Selling the Federal Helium Reserve m om r Board on Physics and Astronomy f not Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications National Materials Advisory Board pographic errors Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems y t e National Research Council riginal paper book, and som , he o t ined a om r ed f be ret Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. iles creat cannot f L M X om however, r ng, i t at posed f rm o f ic recom ng-specif i t has been ion. peset ibut y r t r at her t o f original work e h and ot t version yles, ion of ive st at at horit heading aut e represent l h a as t breaks, ion word is new digit h hs, T is publicat ile: h t NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS f F of line lengt D Washington D.C. is P h t version original; bout he print t A The Impact of Selling the Federal Helium Reserve http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9860.html ii NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropri- ate balance. This study by the Board on Physics and Astronomy and the National Materials Advisory Board was conducted under contract number 1422-N66-C98-3002 with the Department of the Interior. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publica- tion are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number 0-309-07038-4 Copyright 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Available in limited numbers from: Board on Physics and Astronomy 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. 20418 202-334-3520 Printed in the United States of America. riginal paper book, not the from original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to , and some, typographic errorshave may been accidentally inserted. Please use the About this file: PDF This representation new digital of original work the has been recomposed fromfiles created XML the from o line lengths, wordbreaks,original;headingstyles,the and other typesetting-specificformatting, however, cannot be retained versionfor authoritative attribution.this as the version publication print of Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. o e h iii ue t r use t are t ease l P breaks ed. age P iles. ally insert f ng i t peset y http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9860.html The ImpactofSellingtheFederalHeliumReserve been accident have y a he original t t The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished m om scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and r f technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the not Congress in 1863, the Acade my has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. pographic errors y t National Academy of Engineering e The was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in riginal paper book, the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising and som , the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at he o t meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of ined a om r engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. ed f be ret Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to iles creat cannot f the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of L M Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own X initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of om however, r the Institute of Medicine. ng, i t at posed f The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate rm o f the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and ic recom advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of ng-specif Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, i t has been and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies ion. peset and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, ibut y r t respectively, of the National Research Council. r at her t o f original work www.national-academies.org e h and ot t version yles, ion of ive st at at horit heading aut e represent l h a as t breaks, ion word is new digit h hs, T is publicat ile: h t f F of line lengt D is P h t version original; bout he print t A o e h v ue t r use t are t ease l P COMMITTEE ON THE IMPACT OF SELLING THE FEDERAL HELIUM RESERVE breaks ed. age P ROBERT RAY BEEBE, Tucson, Arizona, Co-chair JOHN D. REPPY, Cornell University, Co-chair iles. ally insert f ALLEN M. GOLDMAN, University of Minnesota ng i t HERBERT R. LANDER, Boeing/Rocketdyne MOLLY K. MACAULEY, Resources for the Future peset y MARK A. MILLER, University of Texas at Austin http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9860.html The ImpactofSellingtheFederalHeliumReserve been accident ADAM Z. ROSE, Pennsylvania State University have THOMAS A. SIEWERT, National Institute of Standards and Technology y a he original t ROBERT M. WEISSKOFF, EPIX Medical, Inc. t m DONALD C. SHAPERO, Study Director om r f ROBERT M. EHRENREICH, Senior Program Officer (until February 26, 1999) not KEVIN D. AYLESWORTH, Program Officer (as of September 7, 1998) DANIEL F. MORGAN, Program Officer pographic errors y t e Liaison Representatives ROBERT DOYLE, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D.C. riginal paper book, TIMOTHY SPISAK, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Amarillo, Texas and som , he o MICHELLE J. CHAVEZ, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Amarillo, Texas t ined a om r ed f be ret Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. iles creat cannot f L M X om however, r ng, i t at posed f rm o f ic recom ng-specif i t has been ion. peset ibut y r t r at her t o f original work e h and ot t version yles, ion of ive st at at horit heading aut e represent l h a as t breaks, ion word is new digit h hs, T is publicat ile: h t f F of line lengt D is P h t version original; bout he print t A o e h vi ue t r use t are t ease l P BOARD ON PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY breaks ed. age P ROBERT C. DYNES, University of California at San Diego, Chair ROBERT C. RICHARDSON, Cornell University, Vice Chair iles. ally insert f STEVEN CHU, Stanford University ng i t VAL FITCH, Princeton University IVAR GIAEVER, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute peset y RICHARD D. HAZELTINE, University of Texas at Austin http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9860.html The ImpactofSellingtheFederalHeliumReserve been accident JOHN HUCHRA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics have JOHN C. MATHER, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center y a he original t R.G. HAMISH ROBERTSON, University of Washington t m JOSEPH H. TAYLOR, Princeton University om r f KATHLEEN TAYLOR, General Motors Research and Development Center not J. ANTHONY TYSON, Lucent Technologies GEORGE WHITESIDES, Harvard University DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director pographic errors y t ROBERT L. RIEMER, Associate Director e KEVIN D. AYLESWORTH, Program Officer (through October 15, 1999) JOEL PARRIOTT, Program Officer riginal paper book, SARAH CHOUDHURY, Project Associate and som , he o SYLVIA TURNER, Staff Assistant t ined a om r ed f be ret Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. iles creat cannot f L M X om however, r ng, i t at posed f rm o f ic recom ng-specif i t has been ion. peset ibut y r t r at her t o f original work e h and ot t version yles, ion of ive st at at horit heading aut e represent l h a as t breaks, ion word is new digit h hs, T is publicat ile: h t f F of line lengt D is P h t version original; bout he print t A o e h vii ue t r use t are t ease l P NATIONAL MATERIALS ADVISORY BOARD breaks ed.
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