I 1 Y N- H O R N E GRAN TEATRE DEL LICEU

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I 1 Y N- H O R N E GRAN TEATRE DEL LICEU M a r i 1 Y n- H o r n e GRAN TEATRE DEL LICEU Temporada 90-91 CONSORCI DEL GRAN TEATRE DEL LICEU Generalitat de Ajuntament de cat4unyaBarcelona Ministerio de Cultura Diputació de Barcelona Societat del Gran Teatre del Liceu Ebrisa/ Franco Maria Ricci MARILYN HORNE mezzo-soprano DAN SAUNDERS piano Dissabte, 9 de febrer, 21 h., funció núm. 54, torn e Marilyn H o r n e Marilyn Home neix a Bradford, a l'Estat de Pennsilvània. A la seva hi ha família orígens suecs, holandesos i alemanys, i el seu pare és un cantant afeccionat amb veu de tenor. Cas especialment pre­ coç, als quatre anys ja pren part, per la seva disposició per a can­ tar, en un «meeting" a favor del President dels Estats Units Fran­ klin Delano Roosevelt. Sense gaire temps per a poder saber si es tracta de vocació, disposició, imposició paterna a joc, l'any següent ja rep la primera lliçó de cant, per part del seu pare. De petita ja canta àries de coloratura amb moltes vocalitzacions j el seu pare li dóna un bon consell: «Si pots cantar això, podràs cantar-ho tot" i, a més, quan la lliçó ha estat ben aprofitada, el premi que rep li agrada d'allò més: hom li permet escoltar l'ària de les campanetes de Lakmé en la molt virtuosista interpretació de Lily Pons. L'any 1945 la família se'n va a Califòrnia, a Lang Beach (ciutat de l'àrea metropolitana de Los Angeles), on no li manquen les opor­ tunitats per a poder cantar. Aviat forma part de la Coral Roger Wag­ ner i l'any 1950 entra a la Universitat de Califòrnia del Sud, on troba un mestre de cant, William Vennard, amb el qual romandrà molts anys. En aquest període ja demostra posseir una veu important i alguns ja comencen a considerar-la un fenomen, amb una gran faci­ litat. També en aquest període es fa definitiu el seu entusiasme per l' òpera, perquè no és la mateixa cosa tenir un ídol discogràfic (Rosa Ponselle) que dos de vius (Renata Tebaldi i Ebe Stignani, arran d'unes actuacions d'aquestes dues grans cantants italianes a San Francisco). El debut professional, el fa, molt jove, l'any 1954 a Los Angeles amb l'òpera de Smetana La núvia venuda (paper de Hata). És el mateix any en el qual dóna la veu a Dorothy Dandridge en el film Carmen Jones, la reeixida transposició de l'òpera de Bizet realit­ zada per Otto Preminger. L'any següent ja canta La Cenerentola í, fins l' any 1957, té la sort de poder ser dirigida per noms com Stravinsky, Stokovsky, Hindemith a Mitropoulos. Sota la direcció d'aquest darrer enregistra en disc una de les serventes de l'òpera de Strauss Elektra. Com a membre d'un grup de madrigalistes espe­ cialitzat en les obres de Gesualdo da Venosa, coneix Stravinsky i Robert Craft, la qual cosa serà aprofitada per una marca disco- gràfica poc després, tot promocionant la nova artista amb aquest de Londres, encara com a soprano, amb la Marie de Wozzeck. «slogan»: «De Gesualdo a Craft». També té una experiència per a L'any 1965 ha de ser substituïda al Carnegie Hall de Nova York aprofundir la coneixença del lied amb Lotte Lehmann, de la rela­ com a protagonista de Lucrezia Borgia, en versió de concert. La ció amb la qual no té un record especialment bo. substituta aconsegueix un èxit grandiós i comença a gaudir de la L'any 1957 es convenç que és molt difícil accedir als pocs grans gran fama internacional: es tracta de Montserrat Caballé, amb la teatres dels Estats Units i es trasllada a Europa. Fins al 1960 per­ qual, després, coincideix en algun concert i, sobretot, en una ver­ tany com a membre estable al Teatre de Gelsenkirchen (Alemanya), sió fulgurant de Semiramide al Festival d'Ais de Provença de l'any on interpreta un extens repertori de soprano: La Bohème (Mimi), 1980. La Fanciulla del West (Minnie), Simon Boccanegra (Maria), Les can­ Malgrat l'esmentada especialització, el repertori de Marilyn Home tes d'Hoffmann (Giulietta), Yevgueni Onieguin (Tatiana), Wozzeck és variat i l'any 1967 en trobem una demostració, quan canta la (Marie), etc. Durant aquests quatre anys també fa una actuació a immolació de Brunilda de El Capvespre dels déus a Newport. l'Òpera de Viena amb Cavalleria rusticana i, a més, coneix el direc­ Aquest mateix any torna al Covent Garden per a ésser una altra tor Henry Lewis, que serà el seu marit de 1960 a 1976. vegada l'Adalgisa de Joan Sutherland. També comencen les actua­ Després d'un treball dur, sacrificat i profitós a Alemanya, torna als cions a Itàlia; II barbiere di Siviglia a Florència, L'italiana in Algeri Estats Units l'any 1960 i és precisament el darrer paper interpretat a la R.A.!. de Torí i, finalment, el debut a la Scala de Milà, la tem­ a Gelsenkirchen, la Marie de Wozzeck, el que li serveix per a tor­ porada 1968-69, primer amb Edipus Rex de Stravinsky i poc des­ nar a fer-se present al seu país, a San Francisco, on també canta prés amb L 'assedio di Corinto de Rossini, amb la qual, juntament Carmen, Il barbiere di Siviglia i la Nedda de Pagliacci amb Maria amb Beverly Sills, aconsegueix un triomf esclatant i la definitiva Del Monaco. consagració internacional com a gran figura del món del cant. El 1961 comença una relació estreta d' amistat i collaboracíó amb Per fi, l'any 1970 debuta al Metropolitan de Nova York. Ho fa -res el matrimoni Sutherland-Bonynge. En el triomfal debut a Nova nopodia ser millor- amb Joan Sutherland i Norma. Després, ha York, al Carnegie Hall, de Joan Sutherland amb Beatrice di Tenda, fet al Metropolitan més de cent cinquanta representacions, en les crida força l'atenció l'art de Marilyn Home (el Metropolitan, però, quals ha interpretat un autèntic ventall de personatges i estils: II no li obrirà les portes fins el 1970). Amb el consell del seu marit barbiere di Siviglia (Rosina), Carmen, Orfeo, L'italiana in Algeri i els seus amics comença a especialitzar-se en uns autors dels quals (Isabella), Aida (Amneris), Le Propbète (Fidès), Don Carla (Eboli), serà intèrpret genial i històrica (Handel, Rossini i el bel canto). Rinaldo, Samson et Dalila i Semirarnide (Arsace). També decideix definitivament passar a la corda de mezzo-soprano. Després del debut al Metropolitan és ja superflu detallar amb una De 1963 i de 1964 són els primers testimonis discogràfics comer­ certa minúcia la carrera d'aquesta gran artista: un autèntic enfilall cials de l'art de Marilyn Home: l'àlbum L 'edat d'or del bel canto, d'èxits, duts a terme amb professionalitat, amb intelligència i amb una selecció de Giulio Cesare, el paper d'Adalgisa de Norma (tots unes condicions excepcionals. Isabella a la Scala amb Abbado, Car­ tres amb Joan Sutherland) i el primer recital, amb la direcció de men al Metropolitan amb Bernstein, Amneris a Salzburg amb Kara­ Henry Lewis i àries de Semiramide, Le Prophète, La clemenza di jan, Tancredi a Roma, Arsace i Tancredi a Ais de Provença, Orlando Tito, Les Huguenots, L'italiana in Algeri, La figlia del reggimento a la Fenice, Isabella al Covent Garden, són només uns pocs punts i La Cenerentola. D'aquests dos anys són també actuacions impor­ dels molts importants de l'activitat constant de Marilyn Home. tants com La Cenerentola a San Francisco, la continuació de la El 1983 rep la Placa de la Fundació Rossini de Pesara i el 1984 collaboracíó important amb Joan Sutherland, especialment amb publica una autobiografia, Marilyn Horne: My life, un llibre que obres com Semiramide i Norma (és l'Adalgisa de la primera Norma ha estat qualificat com excepcional per la sinceritat i l'amenitat de la Sutherland, a Vancouver), i també el debut al Covent Garden emprada. Encara trigaria tres anys a cantar per primera vegada a ® l'estat espanyol; finalment ho fa el 25 de maig de 1987 al Teatro de 1987, en la darrera edició del Festival Internacional de Música, de la Zarzuela de Madrid, amb un recital que inclou obres de amb un recital molt variat, amb obres de Handel, Schumann, Wolf, Vivaldi, Beethoven, Nin, Copland i Rossini. A Barcelona, canta per Copland, Donaudy, Respighi, Verdi, Tosti i Arditi. En aquest Gran primera vegada, al Palau de la Música Catalana, el 22 d'octubre Teatre del Liceu actua per primera vegada el 4 de maig de 1989 amb una de les seves creacions-més importants: el protagonista de Tancredi (amb la direcció de Henry Lewis), òpera que fa pocs dies també ha interpretat a Bilbao. Segons ha dit ella mateixa, "SÓC un retorn a una altra època -una soprano amb qualitats de mezzo, o una mezzo amb qualitats de soprano», i encara ha insistit: «Tinc una part molt fosca a la veu, i també una part clara i brillant, com les dues cares de la lluna. La meva veu pertany a una altra època. Enguany, l'acusació segons la qual m'excedia en les ornamentacions, la llegeixo cada vegada menys; vol dir que els que criticaven així s'han informat». Però tota aquesta dedicació, aquest estudi constant, aquesta vocació, no amaguen la faceta humana de l'artista, perquè, tal com també diu ella a la seva autobiografia, «No sóc sols una cantant, sóc una dona». Dan Saunders Dan Saunders col-labora regularment amb molts grans cantants, entre els quals ha acompanyat (en recitals a Estats Units, Europa í Iapó) artistes com jessye Norman, Kathleen Battle, Kiri Te Kanawa, Tatiana Troyanos, Elisabeth Soderstrom, Aprile Millo, Judith Ble­ Hakan Samuel Thomas i gen, Brigitta Svenden, Hagegard, Ramey, Allen i Marilyn Home.
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