Persönliche Weblogs in Organisationen

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Persönliche Weblogs in Organisationen Persönliche Weblogs in Organisationen Spielzeug oder Werkzeug für ein zeitgemäßes Wissensmanagement? Inaugural-Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophisch-Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Augsburg vorgelegt von Karsten Ehms aus Nürnberg Augsburg, März 2010 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Gabi Reinmann Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Klaus Bredl Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 3. Februar 2010 II Vorwort Das Anfertigen dieser Dissertation war für mich weniger ein Projekt als viel mehr eine Reise. Auf dem Weg gab es Überraschungen, Umwege und – wenige – Abkürzungen. Ich hatte Glück und konnte in vielen Situationen auf Begleiter vertrauen, denen ich viel verdanke und bei denen ich mich an dieser Stelle bedanken möchte. An erster Stelle steht der Dank an meine Familie, die während der Arbeiten an der Dissertation häufig gerade nicht an erster Stelle stand. Allen voran meine Frau Carina verschaffte mir über eine lange Zeit hinweg möglichst große Freiräume und betreute unsere zwei kleinen Kinder. Um bei den Freiräumen anzuschließen: Ohne die flexible, großzügige und immer konstruktive Betreuung durch meine Doktormutter Gabi Reinmann hätte ich mich nie auf diese Reise begeben, die bei einem „Küchengespräch“ in Wolfratshausen, am 26. Januar 2004, begann. Eine bessere Begleitung konnte ich mir nicht vorstellen. Weiteren Weggefährten bin ich zu tiefem Dank verpflichtet: Sebastian Fiedler, der mich erst auf das Thema Weblogs gestoßen hat und den Kontakt nach Augsburg vermittelte. Wenn die Dissertation neben einer Doktormutter einen thematischen Vater hat, dann ist er es. Manfred Langen, der als langjähriger Kollege und Freund immer ansprechbar war. Mit ihm konnte ich sowohl die vielen Details als auch die „großen Bögen“ der Arbeit diskutieren. Für unmittelbare wissenschaftliche Arbeiten im Rahmen der Dissertation danke ich Magdalena Böttger, Martin Wilbers und Jan Schmidt. Für logistische und technische Unterstützung sowie sich endlos anfühlende Korrekturarbeiten gilt mein besonderer Dank Walter Kammergruber, Jiri Panyr, Carina Ehms und – abermals – Manfred Langen. Den geschärften Blick, mit dem solch aufmerksame Leser unzählige Buchstabendreher und zusätzliche Leerzeichen, ohne technische Hilfsmittel, entdecken können, werde ich wohl nie nachvollziehen können. Für die zahlreichen, anspruchsvollen und hilfreichen Diskussionen im Doktorandenkolloqium danke ich den „Mit-Doktoranden“ an der Uni Augsburg. Ich werde diese Runden vermissen. Ebenfalls dankbar bin ich vielen Fachkollegen in der wissenschaftlichen „Community“, die mir ausnahmslos und unbürokratisch Vorabversionen ihrer Texte zukommen ließen und auf spezifische Fragen prompt Antwort gaben. Danke auch an all die Autoren, die ihre Arbeiten, häufig Dissertationen, leicht zugänglich über das Internet bereitstellen. Ihr verändert, wie Wissen gefunden und geschaffen werden kann! Schließlich danke ich all den Kollegen, Interviewpartnern und Vorgesetzten der Siemens AG, die durch ihre Unterstützung den Weg für diese Arbeit freigemacht haben. III Inhaltsübersicht Vorwort . III Inhaltsübersicht . IV Inhaltsverzeichnis . VI Abbildungsverzeichnis . X Tabellenverzeichnis. .XII Abkürzungsverzeichnis . .XII 1 Einleitung . 1 1.1 Anstoß, Forschungsbedarf und Forschungsfragen 1 1.2 Disziplinen, Theorien, Grundbegriffe 6 2 Wissensmanagement in der Sackgasse. 13 2.1 Die Zielsetzungen organisationalen Wissensmanagements 13 2.2 Historische Phasen 15 2.3 Kumulative Problembereiche 17 2.4 Konzeptionelle Bausteine 20 2.5 Wissensmanagement für Wissensarbeiter 29 2.6 Weblogs als Infrastruktur für organisierte Wissensarbeit 34 2.7 Fazit 40 3 Persönliches Wissensmanagement und Weblogs. 41 3.1 Drei Entwicklungslinien des persönlichen Wissensmanagements 41 3.2 Integrierendes Aktivitätsmodell digital unterstützter Wissensarbeit 48 3.3 Weblogs als Werkzeuge eines Persönlichen Wissensmanagements 52 3.4 Fazit 57 4 Personal Publishing im Internet und der Weblogtechniken Zähmung . 59 4.1 Entwicklung des Phänomens Weblogging 59 4.2 Ausdifferenzierung der Nutzungsformen 66 4.3 Weblogs als Teil des „Web 2.0“ 74 4.4 Technologie-Adoption durch und in Organisationen 79 4.5 Fazit 84 IV 5 Entstehung und generelle Akzeptanz eines internen Weblog-Angebots. 87 5.1 Vergleichbare Studien 87 5.2 Methodischer Rahmen 91 5.3 Entstehungsgeschichte der Siemens Blogosphere 92 5.4 Aggregierte Aktivität und generelle Adoption persönlicher Weblogs 102 6 Zehn Fallstudien Persönlicher Weblogs. 109 6.1 Fallweise Analyse 109 6.2 Fallstudien 111 6.3 Nutzenpotenziale und Wissensweblogs als Verwendungsmuster 127 6.4 Vernetzung durch die Kommentarfunktion 133 6.5 Ergänzende Aspekte und empirienahes Fazit 137 7 Reflektion und Ausblick . 141 7.1 Beiträge persönlicher Weblogs zum organisationalen Wissensmanagement 141 7.2 Einführungsstrategien – Spezifika statt Erfolgsfaktoren 144 7.3 Erkenntnisfortschritte 151 7.4 Konsequenzen und Entwicklungen 154 Literaturverzeichnis. 163 Anhang . 185 V Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort . III Inhaltsübersicht . IV Inhaltsverzeichnis . VI Abbildungsverzeichnis . X Tabellenverzeichnis. .XII Abkürzungsverzeichnis . .XII 1 Einleitung . 1 1.1 Anstoß, Forschungsbedarf und Forschungsfragen . 1 1.1.1 Persönlicher Auftakt . 1 1.1.2 Forschungsfragen . 2 1.1.3 Forschungsmethoden – Spannungsfelder . 3 1.1.4 Aufbau der Arbeit . 4 1.1.5 Sprachverwendung und Textformate . 5 1.2 Disziplinen, Theorien, Grundbegriffe . 6 1.2.1 Theorieebenen und Basisdisziplinen. 6 1.2.2 Differenzierung zwischen Wissen und Information . 7 1.2.3 Integrierende Aspekte (zwischen Wissen und Information). 8 1.2.4 Management und Steuerung . 11 1.2.5 Relevanz von Wissensmanagement . 12 2 Wissensmanagement in der Sackgasse. 13 2.1 Die Zielsetzungen organisationalen Wissensmanagements . 13 2.2 Historische Phasen . 15 2.3 Kumulative Problembereiche . 17 2.3.1 Strategisches, Prozessorientiertes und marktorientiertes Wissensmanagement . 17 2.3.2 Verteiltes und Persönliches Wissensmanagement . 19 2.4 Konzeptionelle Bausteine. 20 2.4.1 Wissensarten . 20 2.4.2 Wissensprozesse als Basisaktivitäten des Wissensmanagements. 25 2.4.3 Gestaltungsfelder, Transparenz und Vernetzung . 28 2.4.4 Fazit Wissen und Wissensmanagement . 29 2.5 Wissensmanagement für Wissensarbeiter . 29 VI 2.5.1 Begriffsbestimmung Wissensarbeit . 29 2.5.2 Kontrolle von Wissensarbeit – Verdichtung, Vermarktlichung, Informatisierung 31 2.5.3 Fazit Wissensarbeit . 33 2.6 Weblogs als Infrastruktur für organisierte Wissensarbeit . 34 2.6.1 Personalisierbarkeit von Weblogs. 34 2.6.2 Personenbezug und Personalisierbarkeit etablierter IT-Infrastrukturen . 35 2.7 Fazit . 39 3 Persönliches Wissensmanagement und Weblogs. 41 3.1 Drei Entwicklungslinien des persönlichen Wissensmanagements. 41 3.1.1 Hypertext-Schule - Struktur-Technologie. 41 3.1.2 PIM und PKM – Aktivitätsschule. 44 3.1.3 Pädagogisch-psychologische Schule . 46 3.2 Integrierendes Aktivitätsmodell digital unterstützter Wissensarbeit . 48 3.2.1 Eigenes Aktivitätsmodell . 48 3.2.2 Integration in das PKM-Rahmenmodell . 51 3.3 Weblogs als Werkzeuge eines Persönlichen Wissensmanagements . 52 3.3.1 Werkzeugbegriff . 52 3.3.2 „Werkzeugorchester“ – Formatvielfalt, Übergänge und Medienbrüche . 53 3.3.3 Wissensweblogs . 54 3.3.4 Funktionale Potenziale von Weblogs und deren Grenzen . 55 3.4 Fazit . 57 4 Personal Publishing im Internet und der Weblogtechniken Zähmung . 59 4.1 Entwicklung des Phänomens Weblogging . 59 4.1.1 Charakterisierung von Weblogs . ..
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