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LIMERICK CITY NEIGHBOURHOODS Social Inequality: Social Gaps and Social Gradients

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LIMERICK CITY NEIGHBOURHOODS Social Inequality: Social Gaps and Social Gradients LIMERICK CITY NEIGHBOURHOODS Social Inequality: Social gaps and social gradients Eileen Humphreys, University of Limerick Diocese of Limerick Synod 2016, 28th October 2016 Social welfare payments: Limerick City & County (2013, 2015) Fig 1: Live Register 2007-Sept 2015 • Live Register 25000 • 16% of Labour Force Sept. 2015 (c. 90,000 in 2011) 20000 • Working Age Income 15000 All ages Supports • Under 25 22,000 in 2013, 17% 10000 working age pop 15-64 25 and over years (129,432 in 2011) 5000 • Other benefits • 30% on Back to School 0 Clothing & Footwear 2013 (25,100 parent / 47,436 2011M03 2011M03 2007M03 2008M03 2009M03 2010M03 2012M03 2013M03 2014M03 2015M03 children on CB) Progression in education: Young people leaving school 2006-2013 Fig 2: Numbers sitting Leaving Cert in Limerick City / Sub-urban DEIS & Non-DEIS rd Schools 2006-2013 Fig 3: % progressing into 3 level from Leaving Cert from Limerick 1600 City / sub-urban DEIS & Non-DEIS 1400 Schools 2006-2013 1200 1000 100.0 800 90.0 600 80.0 400 70.0 200 60.0 0 Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year 50.0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 40.0 All PP 1251 1299 1297 1322 1304 1313 1367 1310 30.0 Non-DEIS 899 934 947 914 962 940 1015 975 20.0 DEIS 352 365 350 408 342 373 352 335 10.0 0.0 Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 All PP (18) 61.8 62.0 64.1 66.5 65.1 71.7 80.8 83.7 Non-DEIS (11) 69.5 69.3 73.4 77.2 72.2 81.3 88.4 90.2 DEIS (7) 42.0 43.6 38.9 42.4 45.0 47.5 58.8 64.8 Income poverty & low education: Limerick City Neighbourhoods (2010) Fig 5: Highest level of educational Fig 4: Largest source of household qualification of parent income (%) 80 100 70 68 88 70 90 83 77 80 60 55 70 49 48 % % 50 60 p p 51 a a 47 r 40 r 50 Wages / e e salaries n 32 Lower Sec n t 29 29 t 40 s s 30 30 23 Up Sec / SW Payments 20 16 17 Vocational 20 13 10 Graduate 10 3 1 0 0 0 Stress / problems in families: Limerick City Neighbourhoods (2010) Fig 6: problems in families Fig 7: Child experience of traumatic events (Av No.) 60 1.2 50 1 N'side 40 Regen 0.8 % S p S'side c a o 0.6 r 30 Regen r e e n t Garryowen s 0.4 Mean No. 20 / Kennedy traumatic Pk event Corbally / 0.2 10 Rhebogue 0 Mean No. 0 traumatic event in the family Fig 8: Total Difficulties Scale (SDQ) in Children: Limerick City Neighbourhoods (2010) & national comparison 100% 65 52 76.1 86 85 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% Normal 0-13 14.1 Borderline 14-16 40% Abnormal 17-40 30% 5.8 33.3 29.1 20% 9.1 10% 14.8 7 8 7 7 0% N'side Regen S'side Regen Garrowen / Corbally / IRL (GUI) Kennedy Pk Rhebogue Parent physical (PCS) & mental health (MCS), Limerick neighbourhoods, 2010 Fig 9: Physical (PCS) & Mental (MCS) Fig 10: % parents at risk of Scores 0 (poorer) to 100 (better) depression 100 56.0 90 80 54.0 70 S % 71 76 c 52.0 60 82 o p r a 91 e r 50 , e 50.0 n % not at risk t 40 0- s (<=42.01) 1 0 48.0 30 0 PCS 29 % at risk (<=42) 20 24 46.0 MCS 18 10 10 44.0 0 Sense of belonging to community (% yes), Limerick City Neighbourhoods Fig 11: 2003-2005 Adult Fig 12: 2007-08 Older people population 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 % % 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 King's Isl Moyross Inner City / Castletroy / 0 Dock Monaleen Corpus Christi St. Munchin's Holy Rosary Christ the King (Moyross) (Ballynanty, (Ennis Rd. / (Caherdavin) Thomondgate) NCR) Involvement in voluntary / association / group: Limerick City neighbourhoods Fig 13: Adults 2003-05 Fig 14: Older people 2007-08 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 Moyross / King's Island Castletroy / Inner City / 0 Corpus Monaleen Dock Corpus Christi St. Munchin's Holy Rosary Caherdavin (Moyross) (Ballynanty, (Ennis Rd. / Christi Thomondgate) NCR) Fig 15: % in voluntary organisation by relative deprivation score of local areas (2006 Census) • The social gradient • Benefits associated with volunteering ... Social trust /community social capital: Limerick City Neighbourhoods 90 Know most Fig 18: 2010 80 70 Trust most Parents 60 50 100 40 Fig 16: 90 30 80 20 2003-05 % 70 10 Adult pop 0 p 60 a King's Isl Moyross Inner City / Castletroy / r 50 Dock Monaleen e 90 n 40 t 80 s 30 70 20 60 10 50 40 Fig 17: 0 30 2007-08 20 Older 10 people 0 Corpus Christi St. Munchin's Holy Rosary Christ the King (Moyross) (Ballynanty, (Ennis Rd. / NCR) (Caherdavin) Thomondgate) Trust in institutions (score -2 to +2), Limerick City neighbourhoods (2003-04) Fig 19: Trust in selected institutions Fig 20: Institutional trust 1.2 0.7 1 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.4 Moyross 0.4 0.3 King's Island 0.2 0.2 All instits 0 0.1 Public (ex clergy) -0.2 0 -0.4 -0.1 -0.6 -0.2 -0.8 What explains differences in outcomes for people? • Factors associated with poorer outcomes? • Poverty (income, lack of work) & low education • Parent mental health & child mental health • Poor mental health and poor physical health (older people) • Social networks / friends / support (smaller, more restricted, lesser resources amongst poorer) • Living in concentrated poverty (neighbourhood effects) • Lifecourse effects... • Many things “go together …” causes & effects? • What does this analysis mean? • How do we interpret it? • Social inequality ... situation & impact A game of snakes & ladders? What we do & the way we do it… State Agencies Intermediary bodies Voluntary associations Community Family Individual “Soft” + preventive “Hard” Community safety Community policing Restorative Justice Incarceration (Crime & policing) Public Health / Community Health promotion Education ...... Social care Primary care (health) Acute care (health) Some conclusions • Rise, fall with recession, recovery in living standards • Different experiences & impact • Some things don’t change / can’t change? • Search for solutions & evidence of successes • What could they be? What could we do? • Policies, legislation, resources (“what works”)? • Open & dynamic v. closed knowledge & networks • Work with diversity & social integration • Adaptable to people’s needs / empowerment • Context-specific • Role for society / people .
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