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"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description
Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description Prepared by: Michael A. Kost, Dennis A. Albert, Joshua G. Cohen, Bradford S. Slaughter, Rebecca K. Schillo, Christopher R. Weber, and Kim A. Chapman Michigan Natural Features Inventory P.O. Box 13036 Lansing, MI 48901-3036 For: Michigan Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division and Forest, Mineral and Fire Management Division September 30, 2007 Report Number 2007-21 Version 1.2 Last Updated: July 9, 2010 Suggested Citation: Kost, M.A., D.A. Albert, J.G. Cohen, B.S. Slaughter, R.K. Schillo, C.R. Weber, and K.A. Chapman. 2007. Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Report Number 2007-21, Lansing, MI. 314 pp. Copyright 2007 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status or family status. Cover photos: Top left, Dry Sand Prairie at Indian Lake, Newaygo County (M. Kost); top right, Limestone Bedrock Lakeshore, Summer Island, Delta County (J. Cohen); lower left, Muskeg, Luce County (J. Cohen); and lower right, Mesic Northern Forest as a matrix natural community, Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park, Ontonagon County (M. Kost). Acknowledgements We thank the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division and Forest, Mineral, and Fire Management Division for funding this effort to classify and describe the natural communities of Michigan. This work relied heavily on data collected by many present and former Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) field scientists and collaborators, including members of the Michigan Natural Areas Council. -
Insect Survey of Four Longleaf Pine Preserves
A SURVEY OF THE MOTHS, BUTTERFLIES, AND GRASSHOPPERS OF FOUR NATURE CONSERVANCY PRESERVES IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA Stephen P. Hall and Dale F. Schweitzer November 15, 1993 ABSTRACT Moths, butterflies, and grasshoppers were surveyed within four longleaf pine preserves owned by the North Carolina Nature Conservancy during the growing season of 1991 and 1992. Over 7,000 specimens (either collected or seen in the field) were identified, representing 512 different species and 28 families. Forty-one of these we consider to be distinctive of the two fire- maintained communities principally under investigation, the longleaf pine savannas and flatwoods. An additional 14 species we consider distinctive of the pocosins that occur in close association with the savannas and flatwoods. Twenty nine species appear to be rare enough to be included on the list of elements monitored by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (eight others in this category have been reported from one of these sites, the Green Swamp, but were not observed in this study). Two of the moths collected, Spartiniphaga carterae and Agrotis buchholzi, are currently candidates for federal listing as Threatened or Endangered species. Another species, Hemipachnobia s. subporphyrea, appears to be endemic to North Carolina and should also be considered for federal candidate status. With few exceptions, even the species that seem to be most closely associated with savannas and flatwoods show few direct defenses against fire, the primary force responsible for maintaining these communities. Instead, the majority of these insects probably survive within this region due to their ability to rapidly re-colonize recently burned areas from small, well-dispersed refugia. -
State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2012 Edition Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist and John Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org Table of Contents LIST FORMAT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 NORTH CAROLINA RARE PLANT LIST ......................................................................................................................... 10 NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST ..................................................................................................................... 71 Watch Category -
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1-1 1.1. Study Overview.............................................................................................................................1-1 1.2. Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................1-2 2.0 Study Area...................................................................................................................................................2-1 3.0 Methods.......................................................................................................................................................3-1 3.1. Literature Review and Personal Communications ........................................................................3-1 3.2. Database Queries...........................................................................................................................3-1 3.3. Field Surveys.................................................................................................................................3-3 3.3.1. General Survey Methodology..........................................................................................3-3 3.3.2. Transect Surveys..............................................................................................................3-3 3.3.3. Northern Goshawk, Owl, and Gray Wolf Calling Surveys..............................................3-3 -
Field Guide to the Plant Community Types of Voyageurs National Park
36 A7 Northern Sedge Poor Fen Carex lasiocarpa - C. oligosperma / Sphagnum spp. - Polytrichum spp. Herbaceous vegetation WETLAND TYPES 11 System 23 22 BG PS PF RF RS WM 21 10 9 7 8 14 xis 2 A 5 19 13 18 12 17 16 15 4 6 3 2 1 Axis 1 Description This community is dominated by 80–100% cover of Carex lasiocarpa (wire-sedge). Short, stunted tamarack trees, usually under 2 m tall, are present above the herb layer at <10% cover. Dwarf-shrubs, most commonly Chamaedaphne calyculata (leatherleaf) and Andromeda glaucophylla (bog-rosemary), may be present at <40% cover and, in wetter stands, occupy only the drier hummocks. The shrubs Kalmia polifolia (bog laurel), Betula glandulifera (bog- birch), and Vaccinium oxyccocus (small cranberry) may also be present at low density. In addition to Carex lasiocarpa (wire-sedge), other common herbs include Menyanthes trifolia (buckbean), Equisetum fluviatile(water horsetail), Drosera rotundifolia (round-leaved sundew), and Sarricenia purpurea (pitcher-plant). Stands of this type occurring in water tracks tend to be more mineral rich and may also contain Pogonia ophioglosoides, Carex limosa, and Utricularia intermedia. Sphagnum typically forms a continuous carpet, though in wetter stands may be intermixed with brown mosses. The most abundant species are Sphagnum megellanicum, S. angustifolium, S. subsecundum sensu lato, and Warnstorfii exanulata. The Northern Sedge Poor Fen occurs in and around water tracks of large peatlands. In the wetter, more minerotrophic phase, microtopography consists of wet hollows with scattered hummocks. In the drier phase, hummock and hollow microtopography is more well developed. The substrate is deep, fibric Sphagnum peat. -
Initial Results of Leather-Leaf (Chamaedaphne Calyculata) and Speckled Alder (Alnus Rugosa) Cutting Regime on Plant Biodiversity on Cranberry Bog
Initial results of leather-leaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata) and speckled alder (Alnus rugosa) cutting regime on plant biodiversity on Cranberry Bog Soren Dahl1 INTRODUCTION Cranberry Bog spans 70 acres of wetland and is a part of the 1200-acre Greenwoods Conservancy in Burlington, NY. Cranberry Bog is a particularly important wetland because it displays characteristics of both a bog and a fen (Saba, 2001). It has a Sphagnum moss mat that makes it chiefly a bog but also has an inflow of water from streams that qualify it as a fen. Elements of two different communities allow the support of a wide range of plant species. Leather-leaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata) and speckled alder (Alnus rugosa) are plants native to Cranberry Bog that have formed dense thickets on the Sphagnum mat as a natural step in ecological succession (Saba, 2000). Leather-leaf and speckled alder shade small plants living on the mat, which is believed by the original researcher (Saba, 2001) to challenge diversity of the delicate plant community on Cranberry Bog. Rose pogonia (Pogonia ophioglossoides) is an example of a plant that was growing on the bog mat but is currently absent (O’Dea, 2001) . To test the hypothesis that leather-leaf and speckled alder inhibit diversity, all vascular plant species were identified and their percent coverage was determined on nine, 2X2 m square plots in the summer of 2000 (Saba, 2000). An experimental leather-leaf and speckled alder cutting regime was initiated on the plots following the survey. In the summer of 2001, plants were identified again and their coverage was determined to compare with data from the plots prior to the cutting regime. -
Poor Conifer Swamp Communitypoor Conifer Abstract Swamp, Page 1
Poor Conifer Swamp CommunityPoor Conifer Abstract Swamp, Page 1 Community Range Prevalent or likely prevalent Photo by Joshua G. Cohen Infrequent or likely infrequent Absent or likely absent Overview: Poor conifer swamp is a nutrient-poor, forested peatlands occur across their range along north-south peatland characterized by acidic, saturated peat, and and east-west climatic gradients (Glaser 1992). In the prevalence of conifer trees, Sphagnum mosses, and Michigan, poor conifer swamps are common throughout ericaceous shrubs. The community is located in depressions the northern Lower Peninsula and the Upper Peninsula in glacial outwash and sandy glacial lakeplains and in and are less common south of the climatic tension kettles on pitted outwash and depressions on moraines. zone (Amon et al. 2002). Forested peatlands are Poor conifer swamp occasionally occurs on floating mats particularly abundant in the eastern Upper Peninsula. on the margins of lakes and ponds. Fire occurs naturally Poor conifer swamps and other peatlands occur where during drought periods and creates even-aged, often excess moisture is abundant (where precipitation is monospecific, stands of Picea mariana (black spruce). greater than evapotranspiration) (Halsey and Vitt 2000, Windthrow, beaver flooding, and insect defoliation are Mitsch and Gosselink 2000). Conditions suitable for the also important disturbance factors influencing species development of peatlands have occurred in the northern composition and structure. Lake States for the past 3,000-6,000 years following climatic cooling (Boelter and Verry 1977, Heinselman Global and State Rank: G4/S4 1970, Miller and Futyma 1987). Sphagnum dominated peatlands reached their current extent 2,000-3,000 years Range: Poor conifer swamps are a frequent forested ago (Halsey and Vitt 2000). -
Subalpine Larch (Larix Lyallii), Western Larch (L. Occidentalis), and Tamarack (L
SECTION 3. NATIVE NORTH AMERICAN LARCHES - 91 Section 3. Native north american larches: subalpine larch (Larix lyallii), western larch (L. occidentalis), and tamarack (L. laricina) Preamble: Each of the three North American larch species is usually discussed separately in each section and subsection of this Consensus Document in the following order: subalpine larch (Larix lyallii), western larch (Larix occidentalis), and tamarack (Larix laricina). 1. Taxonomy Larch forests essentially encircle the colder temperate Northern Hemisphere. Within this area, the larch genus (Larix) is represented by 10-15 species and some subspecies or varieties as well as natural hybrids (Schmidt, 1995; Semerikov and Lascoux 2003; Semerikov et al, 2003). Ten species usually recognised are the North Eurasian Larix decidua, L. sibirica (synonym L. russica), L. gmelinii (including L. cajanderi, L. dahurica, and possibly L. olgensis), and L. kaempferi (synonym L. leptolepis); the South Asian L. griffithiana, L. mastersiana, and L. potaninii; and the North American L. laricina, L. lyallii, and L. occidentalis. All true larches are in the genus Larix Mill., a deciduous needle-leaf lineage in the gymnosperm family Pinaceae. Larch taxonomy has had limited overall attention. This is reflected in a lack of consensus about what constitutes a larch species or subspecies (or botanical variety), and about the phylogenetic relationships among species (Semerikov et al, 2003). The proposed division of Larix into two sections based largely on cone morphology (Vidakovic, 1991) is not supported by studies of chloroplast DNA variation (Qian et al, 1995), nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (Gernandt and Liston, 1999), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) (Semerikov et al, 2003), or allozyme variation (Semerikov and Lascoux, 1999; Semerikov et al, 1999). -
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2018 Revised October 19, 2018
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2018 Revised October 19, 2018 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA (Wataug>f Wnke8 /Madison V" Burke Y H Buncombe >laywoodl Swain f/~~ ?uthertor< /Graham, —~J—\Jo< Polk Lenoii TEonsylvonw^/V- ^ Macon V \ Cherokey-^"^ / /Cloy Union I Anson iPhmonf Ouptln Scotlar Ons low Robeson / Blodon Ponder Columbus / New>,arrfver Brunewlck Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2018 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as new data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list as appropriate. The list is published every two years. Further information may be obtained by contacting the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, 1651 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1651; by contacting the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 1701 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699- 1701; or by contacting the North Carolina Plant Conservation Program, Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 1060 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1060. Additional information on rare species, as well as a digital version of this list, can be obtained from the Natural Heritage Program’s website at www.ncnhp.org. Cover Photo of Allium keeverae (Keever’s Onion) by David Campbell. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. -
Appendices I Through VIII
APPENDIX I: Standards for Ecological Classification A given terrestrial ecological system is defined as a group of plant community types that tend to co-occur within landscapes with similar ecological processes, substrates, and/or environmental gradients. A given terrestrial ecological system will typically manifest itself in a landscape at intermediate geographic scales of 10s to 1,000s of hectares and persist for 50 or more years. Ecological processes include natural disturbances such as fire and flooding. Substrates may include a variety of soil surface and bedrock features, such as shallow soils, alkaline parent materials, sandy/gravelling soils, or peatlands. Finally, environmental gradients include hydrologically defined patterns in coastal zones, arid grassland or desert areas, or montane, alpine or subalpine zones defined by climate. By plant community type, we mean a vegetation classification unit at the association or alliance level of the US National Vegetation Classification (US-NVC) (Grossman et al. 1998, Jennings et al. 2003, NatureServe 2004), or, if these are not available, other comparable vegetation units. US-NVC associations are used wherever possible to describe the component biotic communities of each terrestrial system. Ecological systems are defined using both spatial and temporal criteria that influence the grouping of associations. Associations that consistently co-occur on the landscape therefore define biotic components of each ecological system type. Our approach to ecological systems definition using US-NVC associations is similar to the biotope or habitat approach used, for example, by the EUNIS habitat classification, which explicitly links meso-scale habitat units to European Vegetation Survey alliance units (Rodwell et al. 2002).