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Cancer Treatment & Survivorship Facts & Figures 2016-2017

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Cancer Treatment & Survivorship Facts & Figures 2016-2017 Cancer Treatment & Survivorship Facts & Figures 2016-2017 Estimated Numbers of Cancer Survivors by State as of January 1, 2016 WA 352,830 NH 76,990 MT VT ME ND 54,850 31,530 87,630 35,390 OR MN 195,790 276,770 ID MA 402,930 70,970 WI SD NY 39,330 288,410 WY 1,029,090 MI RI 30,370 526,100 62,770 IA PA CT NE 224,290 NV 172,030 711,240 99,460 120,200 OH NJ 504,050 UT 536,430 IL IN DE 50,760 105,310 CA CO 602,890 273,060 MD 254,540 1,734,870 207,460 WV KS 107,520 VA DC 17,920 MO 373,580 139,660 275,980 KY 233,120 NC TN 428,800 AZ OK 298,950 354,530 NM 189,540 AR SC 102,100 131,070 255,110 GA MS AL 410,740 123,480 223,990 TX 1,041,750 LA AK 213,580 33,340 FL 1,342,590 US Total HI 15,533,220 77,500 Note: State estimates do not sum to US total due to rounding. Contents Introduction 1 Who Are Cancer Survivors? 1 How Many Cancer Survivors Are Alive in the US? 1 How Many Cancer Survivors Are Expected to Be Alive in the US in 2026? 2 How Is Cancer Treated? 2 Common Side Effects of Cancer and Its Treatment 3 Selected Cancers 6 Breast (Female) 6 Cancers in Children and Adolescents 10 Colon and Rectum 11 Leukemia and Lymphoma 13 Lung and Bronchus 15 Melanoma 16 Prostate 16 Testis 17 Thyroid 18 Urinary Bladder 19 Uterine Corpus 20 Navigating the Cancer Experience: Diagnosis and Treatment 21 Choosing a Doctor 21 Choosing a Treatment Facility 22 Choosing among Recommended Treatments 22 Cancer Disparities and Barriers to Treatment 23 Impairment-driven Cancer Rehabilitation 23 Palliative Care 24 The Recovery Phase 24 Long-term Survivorship 25 Quality of Life 25 Regaining and Improving Health through Healthy Behaviors 27 Concerns of Caregivers and Families 28 The American Cancer Society 29 How the American Cancer Society Saves Lives 29 Research 32 Advocacy 33 Sources of Statistics 34 References 35 Acknowledgments 41 Corporate Center: American Cancer Society Inc. 250 Williams Street, NW, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002 For more information, contact: 404-320-3333 Kimberly Miller, MPH ©2016, American Cancer Society, Inc. All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this publication Rebecca Siegel, MPH or portions thereof in any form. Ahmedin Jemal, DVM, PhD For written permission, address the Legal department of the American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, NW, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002. This publication attempts to summarize current scientific information about cancer. Except when specified, it does not represent the official policy of the American Cancer Society. Suggested citation: American Cancer Society. Cancer Treatment & Survivorship Facts & Figures 2016-2017. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2016 • Living with intermittent periods of active disease requiring Introduction treatment • Living with cancer continuously, with or without treatment, without a disease-free period Who Are Cancer Survivors? The goals of treatment are to “cure” the cancer, if possible; pro- In this report, the term “cancer survivor” refers to any person long survival; and provide the highest possible quality of life with a history of cancer, from the time of diagnosis through the during and after treatment. A cancer is cured when all traces of remainder of their life. Henceforth, the terms cancer patient and the cancer have been removed from the patient’s body. Although cancer survivor are used interchangeably without preference, it is usually not possible to know if the cancer is completely although it is recognized that not all people with a cancer diag- eradicated, for many patients, the initial course of therapy is nosis identify with the term “cancer survivor.” successful and the cancer never returns. However, some cancer- free survivors must cope with the long-term effects of treatment, There are at least three phases of cancer survival: the time as well as psychological concerns such as fear of recurrence. from diagnosis to the end of initial treatment, the transition Cancer patients, caregivers, and survivors must have the infor- from treatment to extended survival, and long-term survival.1 mation and support they need to play an active role in decisions Survivorship encompasses a range of cancer experiences and that affect treatment and quality of life. trajectories, including: • Living cancer-free after treatment for the remainder of life How Many Cancer Survivors Are • Living cancer-free after treatment for many years but experiencing one or more serious, late complications Alive in the US? of treatment More than 15.5 million children and adults with a history of • Living cancer-free after treatment for many years, but dying cancer were alive on January 1, 2016, in the United States. This after a late recurrence estimate, also referred to as cancer prevalence, does not include carcinoma in situ (non-invasive cancer) of any site except uri- • Living cancer-free after the first cancer is treated, but nary bladder, nor does it include basal cell or squamous cell skin developing a second cancer Figure 1. Estimated Numbers of US Cancer Survivors As of January 1, 2016 As of January 1, 2026 Male Female Male Female Prostate Breast Prostate Breast 3,306,760 3,560,570 4,521,910 4,571,210 Colon & rectum Uterine corpus Colon & rectum Uterine corpus 724,690 757,190 910,190 942,670 Melanoma Colon & rectum Melanoma Colon & rectum 614,460 727,350 848,020 885,940 Urinary bladder Thyroid Urinary bladder Thyroid 574,250 630,660 754,280 885,590 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Melanoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Melanoma 361,480 612,790 488,780 811,490 Kidney & renal pelvis Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Kidney Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 305,340 324,890 429,010 436,370 Testis Lung & bronchus Testis Lung & bronchus 266,550 288,210 335,790 369,990 Lung & bronchus Uterine cervix Leukemia Uterine cervix 238,300 282,780 318,430 286,300 Leukemia Ovary Lung & bronchus Kidney & renal pelvis 230,920 235,200 303,380 284,380 Oral cavity & pharynx Kidney & renal pelvis Oral cavity & pharynx Ovary 229,880 204,040 293,290 280,940 Total survivors Total survivors Total survivors Total survivors 7,377,100 8,156,120 9,983,900 10,305,870 NOTE: Beginning with the 2016-2017 edition, estimates for specific cancer types now take into account the potential for a history of more than one cancer type. Estimates should not be compared to those from previous years. See Sources of Statistics, page 34, for more information. Source: Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute. American Cancer Society, Surveillance and Health Services Research, 2016 Cancer Treatment & Survivorship Facts & Figures 2016-2017 1 cancers. The 10 most prevalent cancers represented among male How Many Cancer Survivors Are and female survivors are shown in Figure 1, page 1. Cancers Expected to Be Alive in the US in of the prostate and colon and rectum, and melanoma are the three most prevalent among males, whereas cancers of the 2026? breast, uterine corpus, and colon and rectum are most prevalent By January 1, 2026, it is estimated that the population of cancer among females. It is important to note that the number of total survivors will increase to 20.3 million: almost 10 million males survivors is fewer than the sum of all cancers combined because and 10.3 million females (Figure 1, page 1). some people are diagnosed with more than one type of cancer. The majority of cancer survivors (67%) were diagnosed 5 or more How Is Cancer Treated? years ago, and 17% were diagnosed 20 or more years ago (Table There are many different types of cancer treatment, including 1). Nearly half (47%) of survivors are 70 years of age or older, surgery, radiation therapy, and/or systemic therapy (e.g., chemo- while only 11% are younger than 50 (Table 2). therapy, hormonal therapy, immune therapy, and targeted therapy). Treatments may be used alone or in combination depending on the type and stage of cancer; tumor characteris- Table 1. Estimated Number of US Cancer Survivors by Sex and Years Since Diagnosis as of January 1, 2016 Male and Female Male Female Years since Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative diagnosis Number Percent Percent Number Percent Percent Number Percent Percent 0 to <5 years 5,189,400 33% 33% 2,713,350 37% 37% 2,476,050 30% 30% 5 to <10 years 3,530,890 23% 56% 1,798,090 24% 61% 1,732,800 21% 52% 10 to <15 years 2,493,340 16% 72% 1,212,930 16% 78% 1,280,410 16% 67% 15 to <20 years 1,655,400 11% 83% 729,830 10% 87% 925,570 11% 79% 20 to <25 years 1,082,460 7% 90% 443,630 6% 94% 638,830 8% 86% 25 to <30 years 660,180 4% 94% 228,710 3% 97% 431,470 5% 92% 30+ years 921,550 6% 100% 250,560 3% 100% 670,990 8% 100% Note: Percentages do not sum to 100% due to rounding. Source: Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute. Table 2. Estimated Number of US Cancer Survivors by Sex and Age at Prevalance as of January 1, 2016 Male and Female Male Female Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Number Percent Percent Number Percent Percent Number Percent Percent All ages 15,533,220 7,377,100 8,156,120 0-14 65,190 <1% <1% 32,060 <1% <1% 33,130 <1% <1% 15-19 47,180 <1% 1% 23,610 <1% 1% 23,570 <1% 1% 20-29 187,490 1% 2% 90,730 1% 2% 96,760 1% 2% 30-39 408,790 3% 5% 166,170 2% 4% 242,620 3% 5% 40-49 958,600 6% 11% 347,700 5% 9% 610,900 7% 12% 50-59 2,389,670 15% 26% 963,410 13% 22% 1,426,260 17% 30% 60-69 4,141,950 27% 53% 2,027,150 27% 49% 2,114,800 26% 56% 70-79 4,011,790 26% 79% 2,148,940 29% 79% 1,862,850 23% 79% 80+ 3,322,560 21% 100% 1,577,330 21% 100% 1,745,230 21% 100% Note: Percentages do not sum to 100% due to rounding.
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