Sport Science Final WEB.Pdf

Datasheet Title Sport Science: Current and Future Trends for Performance Optimization Editors Pedro Morouço Hideki Takagi Ricardo J. Fernandes Edition Escola Superior de Educação e Ciências Sociais — Instituto Politécnico de Leiria Centro para o Desenvolvimento Rápido e Sustentado do Produto Graphics and Composition Rui Lobo ISBN 978-989-8797-19-3 Legal Deposit xxxx © 2018 · ESECS/Instituto Politécnico de Leiria Index 3 Datasheet 7 Preface 10 Lost in translation – getting your sport science research message across David B. Pyne and Naroa Etxebarria 24 Periodization in sport training: traditional, blocks and polarized Jose Maria González Ravé 51 Development of talent of adolescents in Australian sports high schools Ross Sanders, Rhonda Orr, Chuang-Yuan Chiu, Angus Chard, Claire Tompsett, Jennifer Fleeton, Timothy Davies, Alycia Fong Yan 77 Research into optimising performance from a multidisciplinary team: the case of the IGOID research group Leonor Gallardo, Enrique Colino, José Luis Felipe, Jorge García-Unanue, Manuel León, Jorge López-Fernández, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez and Esther Ubago-Guisado 100 Propulsive forces and their eficient application during swimming performance Vassilios Gourgoulis 121 Hyperthermia and dehydration in competitive swimmers: current aspects and recommendations Orlando Laitano, Lara Elena Gomes, Alex J. Mattingly and Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro 136 Biomechanics of relay swimming starts: state of the art K. de Jesus, K. de Jesus, L. Mourão, L. S. Coelho, L. Machado, R.J. Fernandes, J.P. Vilas-Boas 146 Competition analysis in swimming: inter- and intra-individual variability of speed and stroking parameters management David Simbaña-Escobar, Philippe Hellard, Marta Avalos, Ludovic Seifert 168 Acute efects of various post-activation potentiation protocols on 15-m and 25-m freestyle swimming Daniel Juárez Santos-García, Enrique Alonso Plaza and José María González Ravé 176 Altitude training for sea level performance: a systematic review Ferran A. Rodríguez and Sergi Àvila 196 Dietary nitrate efects in human athletic performance Maria Silva and Mónica Sousa 213 Exercise periodization and Taleb’s antifragility José Afonso, Ivo Hilvoorde, Niek Pot, Alexandre Medeiros and Len Almond 3 225 Efects of diferent rest intervals between potentiation exercises on sprint performance in trained soccer players Vasiliki Manou, Vasilis Minos, Athanasios A. Dalamitros 237 Swedish tennis test: a field test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake in tennis players Pierre-Marie Leprêtre, Philippe Lopes and Pascal Sirvent 250 How Down syndrome impacts on the athletes’ sports performance? Tânia Bastos, Ana Querido, Ariel Villagra, José Irineu Gorla, Ricardo J. Fernandes, Rui Corredeira 271 Aerobic Interval Versus Continuous Training at Low Volume and Vigorous Intensity Laura Castro De Garay, Tony Meireles Dos Santos, Matthew Rhea, Victor Machado Reis 285 Comparison of energy expenditure during self-selected walking in field tracks and in treadmill at various grades João Paulo Brito, Ana Conceição, Félix Romero, Adenilson Targino de Araújo Junior, Victor Machado Reis 295 Optimization as adaptability: how movement variability supports performance in striking actions used in combat sports Dominic Orth, John van der Kamp and Robert Rein 317 The use of power output in road cycling to optimize training and establish performance Alejandro Javaloyes, José Manuel Sarabia and Manuel Moya-Ramón 329 Characteristics of open water lifesaving J. Arturo Abraldes and Ricardo J. Fernandes 347 The importance of perceptual-cognitive skills in water polo players Filipe Casanova, Fernando Tavares, Sofia Canossa, Maickel Bach Padilha and Ricardo J. Fernandes 4 current and future trends for performance optimization Preface To improve athletes’ performance, a massive amount of efort by themselves and coaches is obviously essential. However, one cannot ignore the impact of that science has nowadays on their performance improvement. In swimming, for example, swimsuits developed based on state-of-the-art knowledge in fluid dynamics between 2007 and 2009 (which were all banned due to changes in FINA rules and regulations in 2009) allowed many swimmers to break world records, some of which are still unbroken in 2018. Methods used to assess athletes’ physical and technical performances are developing every single day, and new training theories are provided with remarkable speed. Ideally, it would be of great help for athletes if coaches knew all updated methods and knowledge to pro- vide the most efective training processes. However, this is quite dificult in reality and there are always gaps between theories and practices in sports. Athletes/coaches and scientists have been trying to fill the gaps by working together, but just conducting collaborative work would not solve the issue because the goals of scientists and athletes/coaches are, in many cases, quite diferent. For scientists, the goal is to answer ‘why’ good athletes can achieve great performances with objective evidence. On the other hand, athletes and coaches want to know ‘how’ they can enhance the performance and, ultimately, objectiveness and evidence are not essential for them. Then, how can we fill the gaps? One possible answer is to have ‘inter- preters’ or ‘translators’ between scientists and athletes/coaches, such as performance analysts or scientists who also have long coaching experi- ence. It is also important for scientists not to only focus on studies with statistical data, but also to publish many scientific case reports for readers to obtain ideas they can directly apply to the training. This book is full of exciting research topics provided by leading ‘in- terpreters’ in sports and we hope it will be a bridge between theories and practices. It includes studies on individual, closed and cyclic sports, but also on team sports and individual sports highly dependent on the opponent behaviour (as tennis and combat sports). This is very relevant 7 sport science as, nevertheless (e.g.) running and cycling have a relevant and pioneer historical background in research, other sports are also growing in quan- tity and quality in terms of studies. We also aimed to achieve a balance between hard and sof sciences approach in this book, providing both experimental and conceptual studies. We want to acknowledge the authors that made contribute with their intellectual property to this book and the reviewers for giving their ex- pert comments. We hope that it be useful for the Sports Science related community, helping consolidating existent knowledge but also encour- aging innovation and creativity, pleasing the readers with its contents. Pedro Morouço, Hideki Takagi, Ricardo J. Fernandes 8 sport science Lost in translation – getting your sport science research message across David B. Pyne1,2 and Naroa Etxebarria1 Introduction The sport science research process A common view in sport science is that the research process reaches its end at acceptance of an article for publication. In parallel with this view, authors sometimes overlook the notion that the most important outcomes are dissemination and implementation of research results. The priority should be answering relevant questions that afect real people in a given clinical, sporting or community context [1]. Therefore, careful crafing of research questions and scientific rigour to conduct projects are merely a means of obtaining trustworthy and evidence- based outcomes to advance sports performance. However, the concep- tually simple translation between quality research and the subsequent implementing of the practical applications is ofen disrupted along the way. This breakdown in the process is ofen a consequence of inefective communication between sport scientists and the end beneficiaries of the research - the coaches and athletes. Assuming sport scientists conduct research that addresses relevant questions, maximising the gains of new knowledge for coaches and athletes centres on efective communication and a translation strategy. The challenge for sport scientists is to translate their research outcomes into practical strategies that benefit sport performance or exercise outcomes. Sport science is the discipline that identifies, validates, develops and refines various protocols and strategies to improve sports performance. Contemporary sport science includes various disciplines such as sports nutrition, physiology, strength and conditioning, biomechanics, sports medicine, performance analysis and skill acquisition. Specialists focus- ing on each of these disciplines work with individual athletes and their coach, in a team sport setting, or in a general coordinator role for agen- cies and sporting organisations. With the involvement of so many diferent third parties, sport science can turn into a complex system of mul- 1 Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia. 2 Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia. 10 current and future trends for performance optimization tiple simultaneous interventions that might interfere with one another rather than work synergistically towards the same goal [2]. Therefore, professionals usually work together to maximise training adaptations and help minimise the negative efects of training, such as an increased risk of fatigue, illness and/or injury. This team efort does not come with- out challenges, but integration of all these diferent disciplines is needed to enhance an athlete’s or team’s performance in minor or major com- petitions. Sport science

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