DOCSLIB.ORG

Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge With 7,253 known glaciers, including 543 in the Chitral Valley, there is more glacial ice in Pakistan than anywhere on Earth outside the polar regions, according to various studies. Those glaciers feed rivers that account for about 75 percent of the stored-water supply in the country of at least 200 million. But as in many other parts of the world, researchers say, Pakistan’s glaciers are receding, especially those at lower elevations, including here in the Hindu Kush mountain range in northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Among the causes cited by scientists: diminished snowfall, higher temperatures, heavier summer rainstorms and rampant deforestation. 1) Baltoro Glacier The glacier at 63km in length is one of the largest land glaciers on Earth. It can be accessed through Gilgit-Baltistan region. The glacier gives rise to the Shigar River. 2) Batura Glacier At 53 km in length, the Batura Glacier is up there with the biggest in the world. It lies in the Batura Valley in the Gojal region of Gilgit Baltistan. 3) Biafo Glacier The Biago Glacier is 67kms long and the third biggest land glacier in the entire world. Mango, Baintha and Namla are campsites set up near the glacier and can be accessed through the Askole Village of Gilgit-Baltistan. 4) Panmah Glacier Located in the Central Karakoram National Park, Gilgit-Baltistan, 5) Rupal Glacier It is the source of the Rupal River and lies in the Great Himalayas. It is South of the Nanga Parbat and North of Laila Peak. Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 1 Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge 6) Sarpo Laggo The glacier flows from Pakistan to China just north of the Baltoro Muztagh Range. It can be reached from the Baltoro Glacier by hiking but the journey is arduous. 7) Biarchedi Glacier This truly magnificent glacier joins up with the Baltoro Glacier in the North. It lies just a little north east of the Birachedi Peak. 8) Bilafond Glacier Located in the Siachin region, this glacier is claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is the source of the Saltoro River, a tributary of Shyok River. 9) Godwin-Austen Glacier It lies close to the K2. The Godwin-Austen glacier joins up with the Baltoro and at this confluence lies the infamous Concordia. 10) Gondogoro Glacier The Gondogoro is the alternate route to reaching Concordia. It lies in Gilgit-Baltistan and the journey through it is breathtaking. 11) Shani Glacier The glacier lies in the Naltar Valley just north of Shani Peak. It is ice covered by mud. 12) Abruzzi Glacier It lies to the North of the Baltoro in Gilgit-Baltistan. It is reachable through Concordia and offers the best views of K2 in all of Pakistan. 13) Hispar Glacier It is 49 kms long and along with the Biofo forms what is the longest glacial system of the world. The Hispar River rises from this glacier. Hiking on the Hispar is extremely tough and Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 2 Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge involves a lot of boulder hopping and stream crossing. 14) Hussaini Glacier The Husseini Glacier is just on top of the Husseini village. The river flowing at the bottom of the picture just south of the village is the Hunza River. 15) Miar Glacier Located in Nagar, Gilgit, the glacier forms in the north of Miar Peak. A trek along the glacier provides some of the finest views known to mankind. 16) Passu Glacier Located in the South of Passu, the Passu Peak is nearby as well. The glacier links up with a number of other glaciers in the region and is one of the most remarkable sights in Pakistan. 17) Vigne Glacier The Vigne glacier also lies in Gilgit, quite near the popular Baltoro and Gondogoro glaciers. To reach the Gondogoro Pass, you must traverse over the Vigne glacier. The Northern Areas have the largest glaciers outside the polar region including: Name of Glaciers Area (Sq.km) Length (Km) 1. Siachen 685 71 2. Batoro 592 62 3. Bifo 383 65 4. Hisper 343 49 5. Panmah 254 42 6. Chongo Lungma 238 44 7. Batura 220 56 8. Khurdupin & Yukshin Garden 135 37 9. Braldu 123 36 10. Barpu 123 33 11. Yaqghil 114 31 12. Virjerab 112 38 Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 3 Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge 13. Mohmil 68 26 14. Gasherbrum 67 25 15. Malangutti 53 22 Siachen Glacier The Siachen measures approximately 75km in length and 4.8km in width, and rises to about 4,800m. The glacier originates near the Indra Koli Pass on the Pakistan-China border, about 70km southeast of K-2 , the second highest peak in the world. this glacier is discovered in 1907 and is the largest glacier in the world outside the polar regions. This glacier lies in the extreme north-central part of Jammu and Kashmir near the border of India and Tibet, on the north-facing slopes of the Karakoram range. Large tributary glaciers like the Shelkar Chorten and Mamostang feed into the main glacier. The central part of this glacier is a vast snowfield, however, the sides of the glacier are strewn with rocks. The Rimo glacier consist of three glaciers ( North , Central and South) lies to the east of the Siachen and located at an altitude of between 6,000 and 7000 m above sea level. Between them, these glaciers have almost 700 square kilometers of ice which at places is 100 m deep. Thus the Siachen glacier contains about 2,000 square kilometers of ice surface and almost 200 cubic kilometers of ice. This tract is more or less devoid of a vegetative cover due to its high elevation as well as its latitude. It feeds the Mutzgah or Shaksgam River that flows parallel to the Karakoram range before entering into Tibet. The Saltoro Pass, also known as Bilafond La (“Pass of the Butterflies”) has a unique history. In early 14th century, it was traversed by the Muslim saint Syed Ali Hamadani, who traveled from Kashmir through Shigar to Kashgar in Central Asia, spreading Islam en route. In the 16th century, a Turkish Sultan, Abu Sayid, invaded Ladakh from China through this pass. Domination of these strategic passes is a key to control the surrounding areas. The Saltoro Range inside Pakistan provides access to Siachen through five passes, i.e., Sia La (7,300m), Bilafond La (6,160m), Gyong La (5,640m), Yarma La (6,100m) and Chulung La (5,800m). These heights and passes, remain snowbound throughout the year. Both India and Pakistan claim sovereignty over the entire Siachen region On 7 April 2012, an avalanche hit a Pakistani military camp situated at Giyari Sector in the Siachen region, 30 km west of the Siachen Glacier terminus, burying 129 Pakistani soldiers and 11 civilians. Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 4 Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge Before your leave Check Other World General Knowledge Related Materials Handwritten Notes for Preparation of FIA Tests (PDF File) DETAILS OF PLANETS | Geography Famous Doctrines of the World Important Dynasties and Empires of the World Important Pakistan’s Military Operations World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims Do you know what languages these words originate from? (World Language MCQs) First in Pakistan (Pakistan General Knowledge) New Naval Chief Admiral Amjad Khan Niazi (Profile) Complete List of the Recipients of the Pakistan Civil Awards – 2021 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 8 >> Please Share your comments using Facebook ID Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 5.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • K2 Base Camp and Gondogoro La Trek
    K2 And Gondogoro La Trek, Pakistan This is a trekking holiday to K2 and Concordia in the Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan followed by crossing the Gondogoro La to Hushe Valley to complete a superb mountaineering journey. Group departures See trip’s date & cost section Holiday overview Style Trek Accommodation Hotels, Camping Grade Strenuous Duration 23 days from Islamabad to Islamabad Trekking / Walking days On Trek: 15 days Min/Max group size 1 / 8. Guaranteed to run Meeting point Joining in Islamabad, Pakistan Max altitude 5,600m, Gondogoro Pass Private Departures & Tailor Made itineraries available Departures Group departures 2021 Dates: 20 Jun - 12 Jul 27 Jun - 19 Jul 01 Jul - 23 Jul 04 Jul - 26 Jul 11 Jul - 02 Aug 18 Jul - 09 Aug 25 Jul - 16 Aug 01 Aug - 23 Aug 08 Aug - 30 Aug 15 Aug - 06 Sep 22 Aug - 13 Sep 29 Aug - 20 Sep Will these trips run? All our k2 and Gondogoro la treks are guaranteed to run as schedule. Unlike some other companies, our trips will take place with a minimum of 1 person and maximum of 8. Best time to do this Trek Pakistan is blessed with four season weather, spring, summer, autumn and winter. This tour itinerary is involved visiting places where winter is quite harsh yet spring, summer and autumns are very pleasant. We recommend to do this Trek between June and September. Group Prices & discounts We have great range of Couple, Family and Group discounts available, contact us before booking. K2 and Gondogoro trek prices are for the itinerary starting from Islamabad to Skardu K2 - Gondogoro Pass - Hushe Valley and back to Islamabad.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan
    The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 ii The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan This Dissertation is submitted to National Defence University, Islamabad in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 iii Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Department NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY Islamabad- Pakistan 2017 iv CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION It is certified that the dissertation titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” written by Ehsan Mehmood Khan is based on original research and may be accepted towards the fulfilment of PhD Degree in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS). ____________________ (Supervisor) ____________________ (External Examiner) Countersigned By ______________________ ____________________ (Controller of Examinations) (Head of the Department) v AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” is based on my own research work. Sources of information have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended.
    [Show full text]
  • Glacier Velocities Across the Central Karakoram
    Annals of Glaciology 50(52) 2009 1 Glacier velocities across the central Karakoram Luke COPLAND,1 Sierra POPE,1 Michael P. BISHOP,2 John F. SHRODER, Jr,2 Penelope CLENDON,3 Andrew BUSH,4 Ulrich KAMP,5 Yeong Bae SEONG,6 Lewis A. OWEN7 1Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Geography and Geology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA 3Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand 4Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada 5Department of Geography, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA 6Department of Geography Education, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea 7Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA ABSTRACT. Optical matching of ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) satellite image pairs is used to determine the surface velocities of major glaciers across the central Karakoram. The ASTER images were acquired in 2006 and 2007, and cover a 60 120 km region  over the Baltoro glacier and areas to the north and west. The surface velocities were compared with differential global position system (GPS) data collected on the Baltoro glacier in summer 2005. The ASTER measurements reveal fine details about ice dynamics in this region. For example, glaciers are found to be active over their termini even where they are very heavily debris covered. The characteristics of several surge-type glaciers were measured, with terminus advances of several hundred meters per year and the displacement of trunk glaciers as surge glaciers pushed into them.
    [Show full text]
  • Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge
    Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge With 7,253 known glaciers, including 543 in the Chitral Valley, there is more glacial ice in Pakistan than anywhere on Earth outside the polar regions, according to various studies. Those glaciers feed rivers that account for about 75 percent of the stored-water supply in the country of at least 200 million. But as in many other parts of the world, researchers say, Pakistan’s glaciers are receding, especially those at lower elevations, including here in the Hindu Kush mountain range in northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Among the causes cited by scientists: diminished snowfall, higher temperatures, heavier summer rainstorms and rampant deforestation. 1) Baltoro Glacier The glacier at 63km in length is one of the largest land glaciers on Earth. It can be accessed through Gilgit-Baltistan region. The glacier gives rise to the Shigar River. 2) Batura Glacier At 53 km in length, the Batura Glacier is up there with the biggest in the world. It lies in the Batura Valley in the Gojal region of Gilgit Baltistan. 3) Biafo Glacier The Biago Glacier is 67kms long and the third biggest land glacier in the entire world. Mango, Baintha and Namla are campsites set up near the glacier and can be accessed through the Askole Village of Gilgit-Baltistan. 4) Panmah Glacier Located in the Central Karakoram National Park, Gilgit-Baltistan, 5) Rupal Glacier It is the source of the Rupal River and lies in the Great Himalayas. It is South of the Nanga Parbat and North of Laila Peak. Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 1 Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge 6) Sarpo Laggo The glacier flows from Pakistan to China just north of the Baltoro Muztagh Range.
    [Show full text]
  • Sellapr FINALVERSION 7.19.188
    P R E S S R E L E A S E F 0 R I M M E D I A T E R E L E A S E July 14, 2018 VITTORIO SELLA SEVERE REALITY ANDREW SMITH GALLERY’S FAREWELL EXHIBIT IN SANTA FE e Western Himalaya and the Karakoram Expedition to K2,1909, sponsored by the Duke of the Abruzzi, Luigi Amedeo di Savoia Photographs by Vittorio Sella Exhibit Dates: Friday, July 27, 2018 –September 1, 2018 “I can see fixed on paper the vision of a lost instant, I recognize scenes I had not been able to admire on the spot. And, in such details, I sometimes find the elements of beauty. The toil and accidents of a climb often blind our eyes to the beauty of the highest regions. Our mind cannot retain a true notion of the views we admired. We know we felt up there the strongest emotions, we remember but dimly the truth of the sites which fascinated our senses. Photography helps to choose, to detail, and to idealize such elements as can form a beautiful alpine scene.” ~From the essay “Picturing the Sublime: The Photographs of Vittorio Sella” by Wendy M. Watson in Summit: Vittorio Sella Mountaineer and Photographer The Years 1879- 1909 “Geological evolution is proceeding with such obvious plainness that the traveler feels as though he were beholding a country in a state of formation and witnessing the modeling of the earth’s crust. The slow work of the waters hollows out gorges and hews their walls into new shapes, almost under one’s eyes, with such activity and on such a scale that nothing elsewhere can be compared with it.
    [Show full text]
  • Manifestations and Mechanisms of the Karakoram Glacier Anomaly
    This is a repository copy of Manifestations and mechanisms of the Karakoram glacier Anomaly. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/156183/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Farinotti, D, Immerzeel, WW, de Kok, RJ et al. (2 more authors) (2020) Manifestations and mechanisms of the Karakoram glacier Anomaly. Nature Geoscience, 13 (1). pp. 8-16. ISSN 1752-0894 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0513-5 © Springer Nature Limited 2020. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Nature Geoscience. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 Manifestations and mechanisms of the Karakoram glacier 2 Anomaly 1,2 3 3 Daniel Farinotti (ORCID: 0000-0003-3417-4570), Walter W. Immerzeel (ORCID: 0000-0002- 3 4 4 2010-9543), Remco de Kok (ORCID: 0000-0001-6906-2662), Duncan J.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of Glaciers and Glacial Lakes of the Central Karakoram National
    JUNCO – Journal of UNiversities and international development COoperation n. 1/2018 http://www.ojs.unito.it/index.php/junco/issue 1 Inventory of glaciers and glacial lakes of the Central Karakoram National Park (Pakistan) as a 2 contribution to know and manage mountain freshwater resource 3 4 Guglielmina Adele Diolaiutia, Claudio Smiragliab, Antonella Senesea, Davide Maragnoa, Davide Fugazzaa, Andrea Soncinic, 5 Carlo D’Agataa, Roberto Sergio Azzonia, Umberto Minorab, Daniele Bocchiolac, Riaz Ul-Hassand, Elisa Vuillermozd, 6 Mohammed Asif Khane, Adnan Shafiq Ranaf, Ghulam Rasulf 7 8 a Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. E-mail address: 9 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]; 10 b Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. E-mail address: [email protected], 11 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]; 12 c Department of Civil and Environmental Eng., Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy. E-mail address: 13 [email protected], [email protected]; 14 d Ev-K2-CNR – Pakistan, Italian K2 Museum Skardu Gilgit Baltistan, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mail address: 15 [email protected]; [email protected]; 16 e Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. E-mail: [email protected]; 17 f Pakistan Meteorological Department, Pakistan. E-mail address: [email protected]; [email protected]. 18 19 ABSTRACT 20 In this study, we reported valuable information on the cryosphere of the Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP, the largest protected 21 area of Pakistan and the highest park all over the world).
    [Show full text]
  • Karakorum Himalaya: Sourcebook for a Protected Area
    7 Karakorum Himalaya: Sourcebook for a Protected Area Nigel J. R. Allan 8 The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of IUCN. IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Pakistan 1 Bath Island Road, Karachi 75530 © 1995 by IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Pakistan All rights reserved ISBN 969-8141-13-8 Contents Preface v Introduction 1 1 HISTORY Natural Heritage 11 Geology 11 Glaciology 14 Associative Cultural Landscape 17 Local Ideas and Beliefs about Mountains 17 Culturally Specific Communication Networks 20 2 DESCRIPTION AND INVENTORY Physiography and Climate 23 Flora 24 Fauna 25 Juridical and Management Qualities 29 3 PHOTOGRAPHIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION Historial Photographs 33 Large Format Books 33 Landscape Paintings 33 Maps and Nomenclature 34 4 PUBLIC AWARENESS Records of Expeditions 37 World Literature and History 43 Tourism 52 Scientific and Census Reports 56 Guidebooks 66 International Conflict 66 5 RELATED BIBLIOGRAPHIC MATERIALS 69 Author Index 71 Place Index 81 iii iv4 5 Preface This sourcebook for a protected area has its origins in a lecture I gave at the Environment and Policy Institute of the East-West Center in Honolulu in 1987. The lecture was about my seasons of field work in the Karakorum Himalaya. Norton Ginsberg, the director of the Institute, alerted me to the fact that the Encyclopedia Britannica would be revising their entries on Asian mountains shortly and suggested that I update the Karakorum entry. The eventual publication of that entry under my name (Allan 1992), however, omitted most of the literature references I had accumulated. As my reference list continued to expand I decided to order them in some coherent fashion and publish them as a sourcebook to coincide with the IUCN workshop on mountain protected areas in Skardu in September 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Trek Pakistan
    Trek in Pakistan 1. The Karakoram: Baltoro and Gondogoro La James Baxter July 2012 The Karakoram Uli Biaho Tower, 6109m, Mount Paiju, 6610m, rises some 3000m Trango (Namless) Tower, is one of the landmarks from the terminal moraine of the Baltoro 6239m, is a granite spire on the north side of the Glacier and is typical of the iconic mountains rising 1000m proud of it’s Baltoro Glacier along the north side of this glacier. ridge. The Trek from Askole up the Baltoro Glacier to The best season is vey late June to early Concordia and then over the Gongogoro la Pass September, with early August being optimal. Any (circa 5480m) is considered to be one of the best earlier and the Gondogoro la will be deep in snow in the world - and with good reason. It takes you and any later the pass will be icy and dangerous, as past some of the most spectacular and famous crevasses appear and rockfall is more common.The mountains in the world. However, there is very weather is somewhat affected by the monsoon, so little culture encountered as it is all above 3000m. July and August can have spells of poor weather between longer periods of good weather. The trek starts from Skardu town and the best way to get here is fly from Islamabad, which From Askole onwards the only accomodation avoids the 20 hour drive. This trek goes through is camping. However, at Hushe there is hotel. a restricted area and as such permits, guides Camping is rudimentary and the sparse facilities and porters are compulsory and these must are dirty.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Eisrandtäler Im Karakorum
    Lasafam Iturrizaga Die Eisrandtäler im Karakorum Verbreitung, Genese und Morphodynamik des lateroglazialen Sedimentformenschatzes 2005 Photo auf der ersten Seite: Blick aus 3680 m in das Eisrandtal des Yukshin Gardan-Gletschers auf der Nordabdachung des Hispar-Karakorums. Die höchsten Einzugsbereiche sind der Kanjut Sar (7760 m) zur Linken und der Yukshin Gardan Sar (7641 m) zur Rechten. Aufnahme: L. Iturrizaga 07.07.2001 Die Eisrandtäler im Karakorum Verbreitung, Genese und Morphodynamik des lateroglazialen Sedimentformenschatzes Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung der venia legendi im Fach Geographie vorgelegt der Fakultät für Geowissenschaften und Geographie der Universität Göttingen von Lasafam Iturrizaga aus Berlin Göttingen 2005 Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Wintersemester 2005 von der Fakultät für Geowissenschaften und Geographie der Universität Göttingen als Habilitationsschrift angenommen. Die Habilitationsschrift ist beim Shaker Verlag in der Reihe „Geography International“ erschienen. This habilitation treatise was written during the years 1999-2005 and accepted by the Faculty of Geosciences and Geography of the University Göttingen. It was published by Shaker Verlag in the book series 'Geography International'. Iturrizaga, L. 2007. Die Eisrandtäler im Karakorum: Verbreitung, Genese und Morphodynamik des lateroglazialen Sedimentformenschatzes. Geography International (Ed. M. Kuhle), Shaker Verlag, Aachen, Vol. 2, 389 pp. ISBN: 978-3-8322-6903-6 http://www.shaker.de http://www.shaker.eu Vorwort Die vorliegende Habilitationsschrift wurde in den Jahren 1999 bis 2005 am Geographischen Institut Göttingen abgefasst. Die Durchführung dieser empirischen Forschungsarbeit ist mir durch die folgenden Institutionen und Personen ermöglicht worden, denen ich für ihre Unterstützung danken möchte: Die Feldforschungsaufenthalte im Karakorum sowie die Auswertungsarbeiten wurden zum großen Teil durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG IT 14/2-1, IT 14/2-2, IT 14/12-1) sowie durch den Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienst (DAAD) finanziert.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit–3 CLIMATE
    B.S/B.Ed./MSC Level Geography of Pakistan-I CODE No: 4655 / 8663 / 9351 Department of Pakistan Studies Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD i (All rights Reserved with the Publisher) First Printing ................................ 2019 Quantity ....................................... 5000 Printer........................................... Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad Publisher ...................................... Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad ii COURSE TEAM Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Samina Awan Course Coordinator: Dr. Khalid Mahmood Writers: Mr. Muhammad Javed Mr. Arshad Iqbal Wani Mrs. Zunaira Majeed Mr. Muhammad Haroon Mrs. Iram Zaman Mrs. Seema Saleem Mr. Usman Latif Reviewer: Dr. Khalid Mahmood Editor: Fazal Karim Layout Design: Asrar ul Haque Malik iii FOREWORD Allama Iqbal Open University has the honour to present various programmes from Metric to PhD. level for those who are deprived from regular education due to their compulsions. It is obviously your own institution that provides you the education facility at your door step. Allama Iqbal Open University is the unique in Pakistan which provides education to all citizens; without any discrimination of age, gender, ethnicity, region or religion. It is no doubt that our beloved country had been facing numerous issues since its creation. The initial days were very tough for the newly state but with the blessings of Allah Almighty, it made progress day by day. However, due to conspiracy of external powers and some weaknesses of our leaders, the internal situation of East Pakistan rapidly changed and the end was painful as we lost not only the land but also our Bengali brothers. After the war of 1971, the people and leaders of Pakistan were forced to rethink the future of the remaining country.
    [Show full text]
  • Ongoing Processes in Karakoram
    Inventory of glaciers and glacial lakes of the Central Karakoram National Park (Pakistan) as a contribution to know and manage mountain freshwater resource Guglielmina Adele Diolaiuti (1), Claudio Smiraglia (2), Antonella Senese (1), Davide Maragno (2), Davide Fugazza (2), Andrea Soncini (3), Carlo D’Agata (1), Roberto Sergio Azzoni (1), Umberto Minora (2), Daniele Bocchiola (3), Riaz Ul-Hassan (4), Elisa Vuillermoz (4), Mohammed Asif Khan (5), Adnan Shafiq Rana (6), Ghulam Rasul (6) 1 Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. 3 Department of Civil and Environmental Eng., Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy. 4 Ev-K2-CNR – Pakistan, Italian K2 Museum Skardu Gilgit Baltistan, Islamabad, Pakistan. 5 Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. 6 Pakistan Meteorological Department, Pakistan. [email protected] - [email protected] - [email protected] • The UNIMI Glaciology group was part of several cooperative programs between Italy and Pakistan during the last two decades. • In fact in the Hindu Kush - Karakoram – Himalaya (HKKH) range the cryosphere represents a valuable water resource, and hydropower, agriculture and civil activities for a no negligible part depend on water deriving from ice and snow melt. • Moreover several cooperative programs were focusing on managing newborn Pakistan protected areas. Such parks nest wide ice coverages and precious water resources thus requiring to identify the best practices for the sustainable use of the water resource, practices based on the knowledge of main features, extent and variability of cryosphere and ice-derived resource. • The study here presented was developed in the CKNP area.
    [Show full text]