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Titan Submarine NASA/TM—2015-218831 Phase I Final Report: Titan Submarine Steven R. Oleson Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio Ralph D. Lorenz Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland Michael V. Paul The Pennsylvania State University, Applied Research Laboratory, State College, Pennsylvania July 2015 NASA STI Program . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. technical findings by NASA-sponsored The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) contractors and grantees. Program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain this important role. • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected papers from scientific and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other The NASA STI Program operates under the auspices meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA. of the Agency Chief Information Officer. It collects, organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, NASA’s STI. The NASA STI Program provides access technical, or historical information from to the NASA Technical Report Server—Registered NASA programs, projects, and missions, often (NTRS Reg) and NASA Technical Report Server— concerned with subjects having substantial Public (NTRS) thus providing one of the largest public interest. collections of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. Results are published in both non-NASA • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- channels and by NASA in the NASA STI Report language translations of foreign scientific and Series, which includes the following report types: technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of For more information about the NASA STI completed research or a major significant phase program, see the following: of research that present the results of NASA programs and include extensive data or theoretical • Access the NASA STI program home page at analysis. Includes compilations of significant http://www.sti.nasa.gov scientific and technical data and information deemed to be of continuing reference value. • E-mail your question to [email protected] NASA counter-part of peer-reviewed formal • Fax your question to the NASA STI professional papers, but has less stringent Information Desk at 757-864-6500 limitations on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. • Telephone the NASA STI Information Desk at 757-864-9658 • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary or of • Write to: specialized interest, e.g., “quick-release” reports, NASA STI Program working papers, and bibliographies that contain Mail Stop 148 minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive NASA Langley Research Center analysis. Hampton, VA 23681-2199 NASA/TM—2015-218831 Phase I Final Report: Titan Submarine Steven R. Oleson Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio Ralph D. Lorenz Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland Michael V. Paul The Pennsylvania State University, Applied Research Laboratory, State College, Pennsylvania National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135 July 2015 Acknowledgments This work was funded the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program as a Phase I Study in 2014. The authors wish the heartily thank the NIAC program Team: Jay Falker, Jason Derleth, Ron Turner, Katherine Reilly, and Barbara Mader for their guidance, patience and insight during this conceptual design study. The investigators also wish to acknowledge with the strongest possible vigor the contributions of the COMPASS team to the Titan Submarine design. Without their creativity, innovation, and perseverance the submarine’s design would never have been created: Cryogenics, Jason Hartwig; Hydrodynamics Engineer, Justin Walsh (PSU/ARL); Systems Engineer, Jeff Woytach; Science, Geoff Landis; Navigation, Mike Martini; Mechanical Systems, Amy Stalker; Thermal Control, Anthony Colozza; Power, Paul Schmitz; C&DH and Software, Hector Dominguez; Communications, Robert Jones; Configuration, Tom Packard; Visualization, Michael Bur; and Cost, Tom Parkey and Elizabeth Turnbull. We also wish to thank Les Balkanyi, Lorie Passe, Lisa Liuzzo, and Eric Mindek for bringing the Titan Submarine to life in word, pictures, and video—the American public, indeed the world, knows of the Titan Submarine because of their work. Finally, a nod to dreamers such as Jules Verne who inspire us to explore new worlds: Mobilis in Glaciali! This report contains preliminary findings, subject to revision as analysis proceeds. Trade names and trademarks are used in this report for identification only. Their usage does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Level of Review: This material has been technically reviewed by technical management. Available from NASA STI Program National Technical Information Service Mail Stop 148 5285 Port Royal Road NASA Langley Research Center Springfield, VA 22161 Hampton, VA 23681-2199 703-605-6000 This report is available in electronic form at http://www.sti.nasa.gov/ and http://ntrs.nasa.gov/ Contents 1.0 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Study Background, Assumptions and Approach ................................................................................. 7 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Background ............................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Titan ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 Previous Studies ........................................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Titan Seas ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Science Instruments ................................................................................................................. 12 2.3.1 Science Overview ....................................................................................................... 12 2.3.2 Science Requirements ................................................................................................ 13 2.3.3 Instruments ................................................................................................................. 14 2.4 Study Assumptions and Approach .......................................................................................... 15 2.5 Study Summary Requirements ................................................................................................ 17 2.5.1 Figures of Merit (FOMs) ............................................................................................ 17 2.6 Growth, Contingency, and Margin Policy ............................................................................... 17 2.6.1 Mass Growth .............................................................................................................. 20 2.6.2 Power Growth ............................................................................................................ 21 2.7 Redundancy Assumptions ....................................................................................................... 21 3.0 Baseline Design ................................................................................................................................. 22 3.1 System Level Summary ........................................................................................................... 22 3.1.1 Titan Submarine Concept Drawings and Descriptions .............................................. 22 3.1.2 Launch Vehicle (LV).................................................................................................. 30 3.1.3 Titan Entry System/Cruise Stage ............................................................................... 31 3.2 Concept of Operations ............................................................................................................. 33 3.2.1 Launch Site Operations .............................................................................................. 33 3.2.2 LV Ascent, Park Orbit and TTI .................................................................................. 38 3.2.3 Earth to Titan Cruise .................................................................................................. 39 3.2.4 Titan Entry, Descent and Landing .............................................................................. 39 3.2.5 Kraken Mare Exploration ........................................................................................... 41 4.0 Subsystem Breakdown ...................................................................................................................... 45 4.1 Communications ...................................................................................................................... 45 4.1.1 Cruise Stage/Lifting Body Communications Analysis ............................................... 45 4.1.2 Communications Requirements ................................................................................. 45 4.1.3 Communications
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