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Amazon's Antitrust Paradox
LINA M. KHAN Amazon’s Antitrust Paradox abstract. Amazon is the titan of twenty-first century commerce. In addition to being a re- tailer, it is now a marketing platform, a delivery and logistics network, a payment service, a credit lender, an auction house, a major book publisher, a producer of television and films, a fashion designer, a hardware manufacturer, and a leading host of cloud server space. Although Amazon has clocked staggering growth, it generates meager profits, choosing to price below-cost and ex- pand widely instead. Through this strategy, the company has positioned itself at the center of e- commerce and now serves as essential infrastructure for a host of other businesses that depend upon it. Elements of the firm’s structure and conduct pose anticompetitive concerns—yet it has escaped antitrust scrutiny. This Note argues that the current framework in antitrust—specifically its pegging competi- tion to “consumer welfare,” defined as short-term price effects—is unequipped to capture the ar- chitecture of market power in the modern economy. We cannot cognize the potential harms to competition posed by Amazon’s dominance if we measure competition primarily through price and output. Specifically, current doctrine underappreciates the risk of predatory pricing and how integration across distinct business lines may prove anticompetitive. These concerns are height- ened in the context of online platforms for two reasons. First, the economics of platform markets create incentives for a company to pursue growth over profits, a strategy that investors have re- warded. Under these conditions, predatory pricing becomes highly rational—even as existing doctrine treats it as irrational and therefore implausible. -
Post-Pandemic Reflections: Future Mobility COVID-19’S Potential Impact on the New Mobility Ecosystem
THEMATIC INSIGHTS Post-Pandemic Reflections: Future Mobility COVID-19’s potential impact on the new mobility ecosystem msci.com msci.com 1 Contents 04 Mobility-as-a-Service and the COVID-19 shock 06 Growing Pains in the Future Mobility Market 16 Mobility Services: Expansion and Acceleration 18 COVID-19: A Catalyst for Autonomous Delivery? 2 msci.com msci.com 3 Future Mobility A growing database collated by Neckermann Strategic Advisors has over Mobility-as- 700 public and private companies involved with different elements of the autonomous Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) value chain. a-Service A list that doesn’t yet include all the producers of electric, two-wheeled and public transport that contribute to the full and the mobility ecosystem. In the 1910s, the automotive industry was COVID-19 shock vast, and the rising tide was lifting every boat, albeit not profitably. However, by the time the Roaring Twenties came to an end in Even prior to the COVID-19 crisis, we discussed in our first Thematic 1929, the number of US auto manufacturers Insight1 how the world might be in the midst of the largest transformation had already fallen to 44, only to consolidate in mobility since the advent of the automobile some 120 years ago. Will much further after the Great Depression. the current pandemic prove to be a system shock that accelerates the It is, of course, tempting to see a parallel demise of inflexible and unprofitable business models and acts as a to the last five years in mobility. Just prior catalyst for the growth of more digital and service-oriented businesses in to the COVID-19 crisis, there were initial the mobility space? How might industry-wide headwinds affect the new signs of stress in this tapestry of privately- business models and technologies at least in the short-term? funded companies in the Future Mobility New industries naturally go through a series of iterations before becoming ecosystem. -
Development & Policy Forecast for Global and Chinese NEV Markets
Development & Policy Forecast for Global and Chinese NEV Markets in 2021 Invited by China EV 100, officials and experts from domestic and foreign government agencies, industry associations, research institutions and businesses attended the 7th China EV 100 Forum in January 15-17, 2021. The summary below captures the observations and insight of the speakers at the forum on the industry trend and policy forecast in the world and China in 2021. Ⅰ. 2021 Global & China Auto Market Trend 1. In 2021, the global auto market may resume growth, and the NEV boom is set to continue. 2020 saw a prevalent downturn of the auto sector in major countries due to the onslaught of COVID-19, yet the sales of NEVs witnessed a spike despite the odds, with much greater penetration in various countries. The monthly penetration of electric vehicles in Germany jumped from 7% to 20% in half a year and is expected to hit 12% in 2020, up 220% year on year; Norway reported an 80% market share of EVs in November, which is projected to exceed 70% for the whole year, topping the global ranking. Multiple consultancy firms foresee a comeback of global sales growth and a continuance of NEV boom in 2021 as coronavirus eases. 2. China's auto market as a whole is expected to remain stable in 2021, 1 with a strong boost in NEV sales. In 2020, China spearheaded global NEV market growth with record sales of 1.367 million units. The Development Research Center of the State Council expects overall auto sales to grow slightly in 2021, which ranges 0-2%. -
Weekly World Car Info By
WeeklyWeekly WorldWorld CarCar InfoInfo by 04/2020 Table of Content NEW MODEL LAUNCHES LATEST DEVELOPMENTS International Europe North America North America Russia China Japan NEW MODEL LAUNCHES INTERNATIONAL Major Mercedes-EQ Model Offensive: Six New Mercedes-EQ Launches by 2022 Mercedes-Benz has further detailed the expansion of its all electric EQ sub-brand with the announcement of six models all due to be launched by 2022. Although all of these models have been previously confirmed, it is the first time the manufacturer has listed dates for each of the six cars. • The S-Class-sized EQS will be the first of Mercedes’ Rastatt plant in Germany and in the new-generation EQ models to be launched, Beijing, China. in the first half of 2021, with production then • The larger EQB will also be launched in 2021, starting at the firm’s Sindelfingen plant in with production centred in Hungary and Beijing. Germany. • The final model to go into production before • Following the EQS next year will be the EQA, the end of next year will be the EQE, an E-Class- a GLA-based small SUV set to be produced at sized electric “business sedan”. European cars New Model Launches / International will be built at the firm’s plant in Bremen, The EV offensive will be complemented by an Germany, with production also starting in increase in plug-in hybrid models on offer. Beijing. More than 20 different PHEV variants are already • In 2022, Mercedes will introduce two SUVs on sale, but that will rise to 25 by 2025. -
Mobile LBS: Status Update & Platform Assessment
Wireless Media Mobile LBS: Status Update & Platform Assessment Wireless Media Strategies (WMS) Report Snapshot This report provides Strategy Analytics’ high-level outlook for handset-based location-based services. Rising GPS penetration, the growing popularity of taxi- sharing, carpooling, and ride-sharing apps, third-party content integration into popular map applications, and the emerging wearables device category provide opportunities for growth and development in mobile LBS. This report also includes an update of our assessment of global location-platform leaders, HERE, Google, TomTom and Apple. November 2016 Nitesh Patel +441908423621 Tel: Email: [email protected] www.strategyanalytics.com Wireless Media Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Key Trends in Mobile LBS 4 2.1 Reported Mobile LBS Use and Adoption 5 2.2 Mobile Maps & Direction Use in Context 6 2.3 Mobile Location Capability to Boost Emerging Market Opportunities 9 2.3.1 GPS handset penetration rises in the entry tier 9 2.4 New Trends in Urban Mobility 10 2.5 From Maps & Navigation to All-in-One Travel Planning Apps 11 2.6 Wearables Remain a Growth Opportunity 13 3. Location Platform Benchmark Update 16 3.1 Overall Assessment 21 Exhibits Exhibit 1: Overall Mobile Map & Directions Use in Context: Asia, Europe, and the US ............................................... 6 Exhibit 2: Regular Mobile Map & Directions Use in Context: Asia, Europe, and the US .............................................. 8 Exhibit 3: Mobile Map & Directions Use across All Countries ...................................................................................... 8 Exhibit 4 Rising Penetration of GPS Handsets by Price Tier ...................................................................................... 10 Exhibit 5 Global Wearable Device Sales by Type ...................................................................................................... 14 Exhibit 6 The Relative Strengths & Weaknesses of Major Location Platforms .......................................................... -
ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS (ADAS) JUNE 2019 a Guide to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS (ADAS) JUNE 2019 A Guide to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems As technology becomes more advanced, a growing number of vehicles are being built with intelligent systems to help motorists. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, or ADAS, is a term used to describe these smart features. ADAS includes relatively simple features like rear view cameras to help with parking through to more complicated systems like Lane Departure Warning (LDW) that can detect a vehicle’s surroundings. These advanced systems can actually take some control of the vehicle, such as Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB). In this guide, we describe the ADAS technology available and their benefits, which could be useful when you and your drivers are selecting your next vehicle. What is ADAS? Whether your car has adaptive high beams, a collision detection system or autonomous night vision, these are all classed as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). If you and your drivers understand what these smart features are and what they do, you can get the most benefit from them, improving your driving experience and making other road users safer. Please be aware that the information in this guide is correct as at June 2019 but things move fast in this area. 1 A guide to advanced driver assistance systems Light Assisted Technology AFLS - Adaptive Front Lighting System System that automatically turns the headlight beam to the right or left dependent on the vehicle’s direction. AHBC – Adaptive High Beam Control ALC - Adaptive Light Control Detects oncoming traffic and vehicles in front, automatically adjusting the headlamp beam high and low. -
CHAPTER 1 ORGANISATION PROFILE 1.1: History Founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak Created Apple Computer on April 1 1976,And
CHAPTER 1 ORGANISATION PROFILE 1.1: History Founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created Apple Computer on April 1 1976,and incorporated the company on January 3, 1977, in Cupertino, California.For more than three decades, Apple Computer was predominantly a manufacturer of personal computers, including the Apple II, Macintosh, and Power Mac lines, but it faced rocky sales and low market share during the 1990s. Jobs, who had been ousted from the company in 1985, returned to Apple in 1996 after his company NeXT was bought by Apple. The following year he became the company's interim CEO, which later became permanent Jobs subsequently instilled a new corporate philosophy of recognizable products and simple design, starting with the original iMac in 1998.With the introduction of the successful iPod music player in 2001 and iTunes Music Store in 2003, Apple established itself as a leader in the consumer electronics and media sales industries, leading it to drop "Computer" from the company's name in 2007. The company is now also known for its iOS range of smart phone, media player, and tablet computer products that began with the iPhone, followed by the iPod Touch and then iPad. 1.2: Geographical region and country Apple inc was established in Cupertino, California,United States of America. Apple Inc largest geographic markets are United States of America, Europe, China, Japan, and Asia Pasific(NASDAQ;APPL). Figure 1: The percentage of Apple Inc Total Net Sales by NASDAQ for the year 2014 1.3: Type of organization 1 Apple Inc., formerly Apple Computer, Inc., is a multinational corporation that creates consumer electronics, personal computers, servers, and computer software, and is a digital distributor of media content. -
Paving the Way to Self-Driving Cars with ADAS (Rev. A)
Paving the way to self-driving cars with advanced driver assistance systems Hannes Estl Worldwide Systems Marketing for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Texas Instruments Recent publicity has attracted the public eye to the development of automated vehicles, especially Google’s experimental cars that have logged thousands of self-driven miles with minimal help from human drivers. These events are truly impressive, and in the long term will help revolutionize vehicle operation and our experience of driving. But the excitement about self-driving cars can make it easy to overlook numerous short-term developments by automotive manufacturers that are equally important in transforming the act of driving. Collectively known as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), these developments are designed to make cars safer, and their gradual introduction is already improving road safety. In addition, ADAS features represent an evolution in vehicle sensing, intelligence and control that will ultimately lead to self-driving cars. ADAS technologies exist at different levels of active Volume production of automobiles with fully assistance and are being introduced in overlapping autonomous control is probably a decade away stages. Driver information systems, such as simple at this time, although as today’s experiments rear-view cameras, surround-view displays, and demonstrate, the essential technology for self- blind spot and lane departure warnings, provide driving cars already exists. However, advanced information but leave the driver in full control at all electronic systems take up much of the space in times. Partially autonomous systems, such as lane- automated test vehicles and are far more expensive keep assistance and active cruise control, enable than the cars themselves. -
Autonomous Vehicles “Pedal to the Metal Or Slamming on the Brakes?” Worldwide Regulation of Autonomous Vehicles Norton Rose Fulbright: Where Can We Take You Today?
Financial institutions Energy Infrastructure, mining and commodities Transport Technology and innovation Life sciences and healthcare Autonomous vehicles “Pedal to the metal or slamming on the brakes?” Worldwide regulation of autonomous vehicles Norton Rose Fulbright: Where can we take you today? Paul Keller Huw Evans Partner, New York Partner, London Tel + 1 212 318 3212 Tel + 44 20 7444 2110 [email protected] [email protected] Frank Henkel Barbara Li Partner, Munich Partner, Beijing Tel + 49 89 212148 456 Tel + 86 10 6535 3130 [email protected] [email protected] More than 50 locations, including Houston, New York, London, Toronto, Hong Kong, Singapore, Sydney, Johannesburg and Dubai. Attorney advertising Autonomous vehicles “Pedal to the metal or slamming on the brakes?” Worldwide regulation of autonomous vehicles Norton Rose Fulbright – September 2018 03 Contents I. Introduction 05 II. Australia 06 III. Canada 30 IV. China 35 V. France 39 VI. Germany 43 VII. Hong Kong 57 VIII. India 62 IX. Indonesia 74 X. Japan 77 XI. Mexico 86 XII. Monaco 89 XIII. Netherlands 92 XIV.Nordic Region (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) 99 XV. Poland 102 XVI. Russia 106 XVII. Singapore 111 XVIII. South Africa 123 XIX. South Korea 127 XX. Thailand 132 XXI. Turkey 134 XXII. United Kingdom 137 XXIII. United States 149 04 Norton Rose Fulbright – September 2018 Autonomous vehicles – “Pedal to the metal or slamming on the brakes?” Worldwide regulation of autonomous vehicles I. Introduction Norton Rose Fulbright’s third annual Autonomous Vehicle White Paper, its most ambitious to date, addresses the worldwide regulatory landscape facing the autonomous vehicle market. -
MG Gloster, a Premium SUV Owner Will Be Introduced to Level-1 ADAS and Enable the Intelligent Human-Machine Interface
INDIA’S FIRST AUTONOMOUS LEVEL-1 * PREMIUM SUV WITH *Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) is not a substitute for human eye and driver vigilance, it is a driver assist system that enhances driving experience and safety. The driver shall remain responsible for safe, vigilant and attentive driving. WHAT IS AND HOW DOES IT WORK? Almost all vehicle accidents are caused by human error, which can be reduced to an extend with the Advanced Driver Assistance System also known as ADAS*. ADAS is a group of safety and convenience functions intended to improve comfort for drivers and road safety and, preventing or reducing the severity of potential accidents. ADAS can do all this by alerting the driver, implementing possible safeguards in the vehicle & automating driving controls (based on the driving automation level of the vehicle). While Autonomous Level-5 denotes the global future dream of completely driverless cars, Level-1 acts as a driver assitant and the vehicle is dependent on the driver to monitor the driving environment and conditions. The Level-1 ADAS enhances your driving experience and makes it safer, more comfortable and more convenient. With MG Gloster, a premium SUV owner will be introduced to Level-1 ADAS and enable the intelligent human-machine interface. ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (ACC) Adaptive Cruise Control, also known as ACC is an advanced version of cruise control, particularly 80km/hr 80km/hr helpful for long drives as it senses the road ahead and enables the vehicle to control its acceleration and braking to achieve desired speed but also maintain safe distance from cars ahead. -
Assessing the Sustainability Implications of Autonomous Vehicles: Recommendations for Research Community Practice
sustainability Review Assessing the Sustainability Implications of Autonomous Vehicles: Recommendations for Research Community Practice Eric Williams 1,*, Vivekananda Das 1 and Andrew Fisher 2 1 Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; [email protected] 2 Environmental Resources Management, Fairport, NY 14450, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 3 February 2020; Accepted: 25 February 2020; Published: 3 March 2020 Abstract: Autonomous vehicles (AV) are poised to induce disruptive changes, with significant implications for the economy, the environment, and society. This article reviews prior research on AVs and society, and articulates future needs. Research to assess future societal change induced by AVs has grown dramatically in recent years. The critical challenge in assessing the societal implications of AVs is forecasting how consumers and businesses will use them. Researchers are predicting the future use of AVs by consumers through stated preference surveys, finding analogs in current behaviors, utility optimization models, and/or staging empirical “AV-equivalent” experiments. While progress is being made, it is important to recognize that potential behavioral change induced by AVs is massive in scope and that forecasts are difficult to validate. For example, AVs could result in many consumers abandoning private vehicles for ride-share services, vastly increased travel by minors, the elderly and other groups unable to drive, and/or increased recreation and commute miles driven due to increased utility of in-vehicle time. We argue that significantly increased efforts are needed from the AVs and society research community to ensure 1) the important behavioral changes are analyzed and 2) models are explicitly evaluated to characterize and reduce uncertainty. -
Scenarios for Autonomous Vehicles – Opportunities and Risks for Transport Companies
Position Paper / November 2015 Scenarios for Autonomous Vehicles – Opportunities and Risks for Transport Companies Imprint Verband Deutscher Verkehrsunternehmen e. V. (VDV) Kamekestr. 37–39 · 50672 Cologne · Germany T +49 221 57979-0 · F +49 221 57979-8000 [email protected] · www.vdv.de Contact Martin Röhrleef üstra Hannover, Head of the Mobility Association Department Chairman of the VDV working group “Multimodal Mobility” T +49 511 1668-2330 F +49 511 1668-962330 [email protected] Dr. Volker Deutsch VDV, Head of the Traffic Planning Department T +49 221 57979-130 F +49 221 57979-8130 [email protected] Dr. Till Ackermann VDV, Head of the Business Development Department T +49 221 57979-110 F +49 221 57979-8110 [email protected] Figure sources Title, page 18 VDV Page 5 VDA Page 9 Morgan Stanley Summary: Autonomous vehicles: opportunities and risks for public transport The development and operation of fully automated, driverless vehicles (“autonomous vehicle”) will have a disruptive impact on the transport market and thoroughly mix up the present usage patterns as well as the present ownership and business models. The autonomous vehicle is a game changer, not least because the traditional differences between the various modes of transport become indistinct as an autonomous vehicle can be everything, in principle: a private car, a taxi, a bus, a car-sharing vehicle or a shared taxi. To express it dramatically: the autonomous vehicle could be part of the public transport system – but it could also seriously threaten the existence of today’s public and long-distance transport: The autonomous vehicle can threaten the existence of public transport because it makes driving much more attractive.