DOCSLIB.ORG

Rural Poverty in the United States. a Report by the President's National

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rural Poverty in the United States. a Report by the President's National DOCUMENT RESUME ED 078 985 RC 007 092 AUTHOR Wilber, George L., Ed.; Bishop, C. E., Ed. TITLE Rural Poverty in the United States. A Report by the Presidents National Advisory Commission on Rural Poverty. _INSTITUTION National Advisory Commission on Rural PdVerty, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE May 68 NOTE 606p. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C._20402 ($5.75) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$23.03 DESCRIPTORS Agriculture; *Economic DisadVantagement; Family Planning; Health Services; Local Government; *Migration; Natural Resources; Negroes; *Rural Areas; *Rural Urban Differences; *Unemployment ABSTRACT Papers prepared for the National Advisory Commission on Rural Poverty are presented in this repOrt._These papers provide the Commission background information for recommendations submitted to the President of the United States. Major topics covered include the structural changes taking place in rural areas and the inter-relationships between rural and urban America; occupational mobility and migration; health care and family planning; the developmental nature of agriculture and other natural resource industries; the ecnomics of poverty; and policies and pfograms .to alter income distribution. Other papers prepared for the Commission but not published are listed in the appendix. (PS) FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLECOPY Lrl CO Cr% CO U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, O EDUCATION ',WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO OUCEO EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM LIJ THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF.VIEW OR OPINIONS STATEO 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY RURAL POVERTY IN THE TED STATES A Report by the President's National Advisory Commission on Rural Poverty Washln B ton, D.C. Issued May 1968 Far sole by the Superintendent of Document*. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20102 Price 95.13 Members of the President's Committee Orville L. Freeman, Chairman Sargent Shrivel. Secretary of Agriculture Director of Office ofEconomic Opportunity Bemard C. Boutin Alexander B. Trowbridge 2 Administrator of-Small Business AdininiZtration Secretary of Commerce John T. Connor 1 'Stewart L. Udall Secretary of Commerce Secretary of the Interior John W. Gardner Robert C. Weaver Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Administrator of 'lousing and Urban Developnient W. Willard Wirtz Secretary of Labor LIAISON WITH PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE Kenneth M. Birkhead Elmer J. Moore Department of Agriculture Office of Economic Opportunity Richard M. Philbin James Rettie -Small Business Administration. Department of the Interior Jonathan Lindley Ramsay Wood Department of Commerce Department of Housing and Urban Development T.isle C. Carter, Jr. Millard-Cass Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Department of Labor ' Resigned as Secretary of Commerce on February 1, 1967. Surcencled John T. Connor as Secretary of Commerce on February 1, 1967. ii Members ofthe Commission James T. Bonnen Francis S. Hutchins Piofessor of Agricultural Economics President, Berea College Michigan State UniVersity Kara V. Jackson Honorable Edward T. Breathitt (Chairman) Professor of Education Governor of Kentucky Grambling College David-W. Brooks Lewis J. Johnson Ekectitiiv Vice President and General Manager President, Arkansas Farmer's Union Cotton Producers Association -W. Wilson King Mrs.-Sara R. Caldwell Owner, Kinglore Farms Direetor; Divit.4ion of-Child Welfare Mississippi State Department of Public Welfare Oscar M. Laurel National Transportation Safety Board Lawrence A. Davis President, Arkansas Agricultural Technical and Winthrop C. Libby Normal College Dean, College of Agriculture University of Maine Neil 0. Davis Editor, Lee County Bulletin Carlyle Marney Auburn, Alabama Pastor, Myers Park Baptist Church John Fischer Editor7in-Chief "Tlioibas W. Moore Harper's Magazine President, ABC Television Thomas R. Ford Robert A. Roessel, Jr. Professor of Sociology Director, Rough Rock Navaho Demonstration University of Kentucky School Herman E. Gallegos James Earl Rudder Consultant to the Ford Foundation President, Texas A&M University Connie B. Gay J. Julian Samora President and Chairman of the Board Program Specialist on Population Studies Connie B. Gay Broadcasting Company The Ford Foundation James 0. Gibson Miles C. Stanley Staff Associate President, West Virginia Federation of Labor, Potomac Institute AFLCIO Vivian W. Henderson John Woodenlegs President, Clark College President, Northern Cheyenne Tribal Council iii = Member. of the Staff Executive Director C. E. Bishop Associate Director George'L. Wilbe7 Assistant to Executive Director Lawrence S. Stinchcomb Professional Staff William B. Back, Economist Clifton R. Jones, Sociologist J. Allan Beegle, Sociologist E. Walton Jones, Economist W. Keith Bryant, Ectinomist J. Patrick Madden, Economist Cleveland A. Chandler, Economist Marcelle Masters, Editor Lynn M. Daft, Economist Melda Riehardion, Editor Jack Fleming, Writer George M. Stephens, Jr., Development Consultant Gooloo S.Wunderlich, Demographer Secretarial and Clerical J. Gayle Carpenter LaDene Hester Marian C. Carter Linda G. Hogberg FlOrentine M. Ford Patricia McEvoy Mary Thomas Fox Anne Reed Jacklyn D. Harris Edna E. Raymond Marjorie L. Henrieks Velma B. Tachovsky iv Preface This report contains papers prepared for the National AdvisoryCommission on Aural Poverty. These and other papers providedbackground information for the Commission in arriving at the recommendations submitted to the Presidentin its report The People Left Behind. Most of the papers included here report on recently completed research. Not every facet of rural poverty is covered,but the papers nevertheless represent as importantcontribution to understanding prob- lems of rural poverty and provide insights toward possible solutions. Part I centers on -rural people and their communities. Particular attention is given to the structural changes taking place in the rural areas and the inter- relationships between rural and urban America. Part II treats occupatiiinal mobility and migration. Emphasis is placed on the transfer of labor between farm and nonfarm employment -Withspecial con- sideration of the problems-uf achievement, migration, and assimilation in urban centers. Part III is concerned with health care and family planning. Emphasis is placed upon the relative lack of medical facilities and services in rural areas and upon possible means of expanding family planning programs in rural areas. Part IV focuses upon the developMental nature of agriculture and other natural resource industries. Special consideration is given to the employment potential ofthese,industries. Part V is concerned with the economics of poverty. Emphasis is placed upon problems of measuring poverty and projecting future poverty.Considera- tion also is given to the income distribution effects of the way -in which the economy operates and to policies and programs designed to alterincome distribution. The views expressed in these papers are those of the authors, and they do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission. In like manner, although these papers were valuable to the Commission, the authors of papers in this volume should not be held responsiblefor the recommendations of the Commission. In addition to the papers in this volume, other papers prepared for the Com- mission, but not published, are listed in -the- appendix. Persons interested in these papers should contact the authors directly. This volume of published papers has 'been edited by George L. Wilber and C. E. Bishop of the staff of the National Advisory Commission on Rural Poverty. C. E. BuufdP Executive Director Gtoaos L. Wmava Associate Director Contents Page PART 1:RURAL PEOPLE AND THEIR COMMUNITIES Cnarrza1.Rural People and Their Work 3 Population 3 Labor force 6 Unemployment and underemployment 9 Income - , 10 Projections to 1970 11 2.The Negro Population of the South 13 Introduction i 13 Population distribution 13 , Migration ..- 15 Occupational changes 18 Education 23 Income 28 Fertility, marital status, and dependency ratios 33 Summary 37 3.Rural Poverty: The Special Case of the Aged 40 Introduction 40 Current economic position 40 Economic trends and the rural aged 45 Summary and conclusions 49 References 50 4.Some Characteristics of Villages in Rural America 51 Introduction 51 Findings 53 Summary and conclusion 70 References 72 Appendix 73 5.Rom' Community Institutions and Poverty, With Special Reference to Health and Education 74 Introduction 74 Developing adequate community institutions 76 Summary and conclusions 83 References 84 6.Infrastructure in Rural Areas 86 Introduction 86 Rural industrialization 87 Public service systems 95 Growth, development, and investment 100 Summary 104 References 105 vi Page' Cs:APTER7.Local Government and Poway in Rural Areas 110 An overview of local government 110. Evaluation of present governmental arrangements 116 Conclusions 120 References 124 Appendix 125 8.Patterns of Urban Growth and Growth Nodes 126 9.Patterni of Regional Economic Development in the United States, and Their Relation to Rural Poverty 130 Economic growth and decline among major regions of the United States 130 Ecotiomie effects of intraregional resource movements 131 Interregional migration 132 Supply and demand factors in regional growth 133 Debtor and creditor regions 135 Public policies designed to alleviate rural poverty 135 References 140 10.Appendix: Rural Poverty in Puerto Rico 141 Economic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1835. EXECUTIVE. *L POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT
    1835. EXECUTIVE. *l POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Persons employed in the General Post Office, with the annual compensation of each. Where Compen­ Names. Offices. Born. sation. Dol. cts. Amos Kendall..., Postmaster General.... Mass. 6000 00 Charles K. Gardner Ass't P. M. Gen. 1st Div. N. Jersey250 0 00 SelahR. Hobbie.. Ass't P. M. Gen. 2d Div. N. York. 2500 00 P. S. Loughborough Chief Clerk Kentucky 1700 00 Robert Johnson. ., Accountant, 3d Division Penn 1400 00 CLERKS. Thomas B. Dyer... Principal Book Keeper Maryland 1400 00 Joseph W. Hand... Solicitor Conn 1400 00 John Suter Principal Pay Clerk. Maryland 1400 00 John McLeod Register's Office Scotland. 1200 00 William G. Eliot.. .Chie f Examiner Mass 1200 00 Michael T. Simpson Sup't Dead Letter OfficePen n 1200 00 David Saunders Chief Register Virginia.. 1200 00 Arthur Nelson Principal Clerk, N. Div.Marylan d 1200 00 Richard Dement Second Book Keeper.. do.. 1200 00 Josiah F.Caldwell.. Register's Office N. Jersey 1200 00 George L. Douglass Principal Clerk, S. Div.Kentucky -1200 00 Nicholas Tastet Bank Accountant Spain. 1200 00 Thomas Arbuckle.. Register's Office Ireland 1100 00 Samuel Fitzhugh.., do Maryland 1000 00 Wm. C,Lipscomb. do : for) Virginia. 1000 00 Thos. B. Addison. f Record Clerk con-> Maryland 1000 00 < routes and v....) Matthias Ross f. tracts, N. Div, N. Jersey1000 00 David Koones Dead Letter Office Maryland 1000 00 Presley Simpson... Examiner's Office Virginia- 1000 00 Grafton D. Hanson. Solicitor's Office.. Maryland 1000 00 Walter D. Addison. Recorder, Div. of Acc'ts do..
    [Show full text]
  • Alumni· Magazine .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a Hoosier Almanac
    THE· JANUARY· 1939 ALUMNI· MAGAZINE .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A HOOSIER ALMANAC JANUARY THIRTY-ONE DAYS ~ W~ can't always come out with its cabaret dance and floor ~ right smack dab on the first show in Alumni Hall tonight at 9. of the month. what with Christmas Minor sports fans will like this: vacation and all, but it's not too swimming. I.U. vs. DePauw, in the late to wish you all a HAPPY men's pool at Bloomington; and NEW YEAR! If you haven't yet wrestling, I.U. vs. Michigan, at Ann broken all your resolutions, or are Arbor. in the mood for some new ones, 14-vVhat better than a Saturday read "In Closing" on page 32. night spent watching Indiana and I-Tune in today, and every Wisconsin play basketball in the January Sunday, on Professors Fieldhouse. Harper and Mueller discussing "So- IS-Max Lerner, some time edi­ ciety Today and Tomorrow" over tor of The Nation and now a vVil- WIRE. 9 :30 a.m. on your clock Iiams College professor, is the guest ~ and [400 on your dial. ~peaker of the Indiana Union Open Forum this ~ ~ 3-Now if you were a student and had an 8 afternoon at 3 in the Union Building. Subject: ~ ~ o'clocl-- today, )'ou'd go, for this is the end of the "American Foreign Policy." ~ ~ Christmas. vacation. "Any student absent irom class Another Sunday afternoon recital in the School of ~ ~ ... will be sllbJ'ect to a penalty ...." Remember? Music auditorium, 4:[5· ~ ~ ~ ~ 5-Drs. Sanders and Collins. both of the English 16-Those Purdue boys down here again.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Tree Maker
    Descendants of John Lindley Generation No. 1 1. John1 Lindley was born 1615 in Stropshire, England, and died Unknown. He married Alice Unknown. She was born 1619 in Cheshire County, Ireland, and died Unknown. Child of John Lindley and Alice Unknown is: + 2 i. James William2 Lindley Sr., born 1641 in Ireland; died 16 May 1714 in Balley Moren, Ireland. Generation No. 2 2. James William2 Lindley Sr. (John1) was born 1641 in Ireland, and died 16 May 1714 in Balley Moren, Ireland. He married Alice Walsmith 1677 in England, daughter of Thomas Walsmith and Walsmith. She was born 1641 in Cronagallagh, Ireland, and died 16 November 1691 in Balley Moren, Ireland. Child of James Lindley and Alice Walsmith is: + 3 i. James3 Lindley Jr., born 16 April 1681 in Ballinaclash, Ireland; died 10 October 1726 in London Grove Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. Generation No. 3 3. James3 Lindley Jr. (James William2, John1) was born 16 April 1681 in Ballinaclash, Ireland, and died 10 October 1726 in London Grove Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. He married Eleanor Parke 14 April 1705 in Ireland, daughter of Robert Parke and Margery Unknown. She was born 21 January 1681/82 in Ballyredmond, Ireland, and died Unknown in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Marriage Notes for James Lindley and Eleanor Parke: Kilconner Meeting, County Carlow, Ireland Children of James Lindley and Eleanor Parke are: + 4 i. Thomas4 Lindley Sr., born 25 February 1704/05 in Bally Brommel, County Carlow, Ireland; died 14 September 1781 in Orange County, North Carolina. 5 ii. Rachel Lindley, born 11 May 1707 in Wicklow, County Wicklow, Ireland; died Unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Luke Decker and Slavery: His Cases with Bob and Anthony, 1817-1822
    Luke Decker and Slavery: His Cases with Bob and Anthony, 1817-1822 Merrily Pierce" Luke Decker, farmer, judge, and militia officer, owned and traded slaves in the Northwest Territory, Indiana Territory, and the state of Indiana despite laws prohibiting such practices. As a member of the proslavery element in the Old Northwest, Decker encouraged the establishment of slavery in the territory, a plan that nearly succeeded under Indiana Territorial Governor William Henry Harrison. By the time Indiana Territory was ready for statehood in 1816, however, settlers against slavery outnumbered those, like Decker, who supported it. The institution was outlawed by the 1816 state Constitution, but slavery did not die out. In Knox County, where Decker resided arid slavery was concentrated, some slave owners continued to hold slaves, believing that the Consti- tution was not retroactive. In July, 1816, barely a month after the Indiana Constitution was written, two of Decker's slaves-Bob, nominally an indentured servant, and Anthony, a slave for life-escaped from his possession and fled to Orange County, a Quaker stronghold in the southern part of the state. Decker pursued his slaves and had them cap- tured. Confronted by the Quaker-influenced court in Paoli, he used all of his influence in his determination to regain possession of the two men. Decker's cases were before the court for five years, from 1817 to 1822. Summaries of the court proceedings in early county his- tories and in other accounts attest to their importance.' A study of * Merrily Pierce, a former aquatic biologist, is currently serving as a staff aide for transportation, environment, and parks to the chairman of the Board of Super- visors, Fairfax County, Virginia.
    [Show full text]
  • Lick Creek African American Settlement \ USDA Forest Service Hoosier National Forest 8/2012
    Lick Creek African American Settlement \ USDA Forest Service Hoosier National Forest 8/2012 The first African American settlers came to Indiana law required of all negroes and mulla- Orange County, Indiana before 1820. Led by tos. A physical description, often including dis- Jonathan Lindley, eleven families traveled with tinguishing marks, is listed and statements by a group of sympathetic Quakers in search of white witnesses vouching for the registrants a new land which forbade slavery. Jonathan free status and character. Lindley settled in Orange County in 1811, five years before the County was established and A focal point of the settlement was the church. Indiana became a state. In 1843, Thomas and Matilda Roberts sold one acre of their 120 acres to five trustees for These settlers were free citizens who fled its establishment. The deed states the trustees racial persecution and increasingly restrictive (Elias Roberts, Mathew Thomas, Thomas laws for free blacks in their previous home in Roberts, Isaac Scott, and Samuel Chandler) North Carolina. Traveling with the Quakers were to erect or cause to erect a house or offered some protection on their journey and place of worship for use by the members of the promise of supportive neighbors upon the African Episcopal Church (AME) of the their arrival. United States of America. This church oper- ated from 1843-1869. According to the census records, there were 96 blacks living in Orange County in 1820. As This AME church was near the site of the more blacks came to the area they purchased colored Methodist Union Meeting House.
    [Show full text]
  • INDIANA UNIVERSITY ORAL HISTORY RESEARCH CENTER CHRIS LINDLEY Interviewed by Catherine Jones 16 June 1988 OHRC Accession #88-74
    INDIANA UNIVERSITY ORAL HISTORY RESEARCH CENTER CHRIS LINDLEY Interviewed by Catherine Jones 16 June 1988 OHRC accession #88-74-1,2 INTRODUCTION This interview was conducted by Catherine Jones for the oral History Research center as part of "The History of Paoli, Indiana." The transcript has been edited by the oral History Research Center's staff, and by the interviewee. The original tape and final transcript are kept on file in the Lilly Library. Copies of some interviews are kept at the Paoli Public Library and the Orange county Historical Society library. Duplicates of the tape and transcript may be consulted at the Oral History Research Center. The reader should bear in mind the fact that this material is a verbatim transcription of an interview, not a written document. Very few persons speak with the precision with which they write. We have done our best to make the transcript easily readable, while remaining faithful to the tape recording. Short quotations from the transcript may be used, providing the interviewee, interviewer, and the Oral History Research Center are given proper credit. For any photocopy, or for extensive use of the transcript in any publication, permission must be obtained from the oral History Research Center. Duplicate copies can be made only through the Center, either by writing the office at Memorial Hall West, Room 401, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, or by calling 812-855-2856. INDIANA UNIVERSITY ORAL HISTORY RESEARCH CENTER DEED or GIFT J\GREHIENT I' ,hereby give Interviewee (please PRINT) ., ; ny oral history interview with ( , ;-<-11.c:· v· \ ,\.,;;; j -1:6 s Interv~ewer (please PRINT) hhich was conducted on (-/{-'6-;:7 , to Indi<rna University.
    [Show full text]
  • Buffalo Trace Story Map
    Buffalo Trace Story Map Sites listed as having limited access are private sites with specific areas or times that they are accessible to the public. Clark County 2) A Plan of the Rapids, in the River Ohio. Photo courtesy of Indiana Historical Society. The Falls at the Ohio River between what is now Louisville and Clarksville made a rapid descent over a series of ledges formed by Devonian rock rich in fossils. In high stages of water, the falls disappeared completely. During low water times, the whole width of the river had the appearance of a series of waterfalls with great flats of rock beds. There is now a state park in the location where the buffalo and the historic trace crossed from Kentucky into Indiana. This site is open to the public. Falls of the Ohio State Park website 3) Sketch of Fort Finney, later Fort Steuben, located on the Ohio River bank near present- day Fort Street in Jeffersonville. Photo courtesy of Indiana Historical Society, M0367. Fort Finney was constructed in 1786. Captain Walter Finney oversaw construction of a square earth and timber work with blockhouses near present-day Fort Street in Jeffersonville. The post was garrisoned by US troops until 1793 but then remained a militia station until about 1800. It was renamed Fort Steuben in 1787 after Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Revolutionary War hero. It was a magnet for settlers, who formed a village immediately around it and were the first residents of the town of Jeffersonville. A historic marker is all that exists at this site.
    [Show full text]
  • Friendsatspringhoonewl
    DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY [Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/friendsatspringhOOnewl Friends "at the Spring" A History of Spring Monthly Meeting Algie I. Newlin Friends "at the Spring" Mary Ruth Perry at the Spring, 1983 Friends "at the Spring" A History of Spring Monthly Meeting by Algie I. Newlin North Carolina Friends Historical Society North Carolina Yearly Meeting Spring Meeting 1984 To all who have been or are now members of Spring Monthly Meeting and to their descendants near and far Friends "at the Spring": A History of Spring Monthly Meeting is the fourth in a series of Friends meeting histories to be published cooperatively by the N.C. Friends Historical Society, the N.C. Friends Yearly Meeting, and the local Friends Meeting. Copyright © 1984 by Algie I. Newlin Greensboro N.C. 27410 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 84-060647 Contents Introduction vii Acknowledgments ix 1 . Friends Settle at the Spring i Pioneer Friends Come to the Spring — Others Find the Way — The Roads to the Spring — The Beginning of the Meeting — The First Glimpse of the Meeting 2. The Meeting for Worship Established 13 Following Quaker Procedure — The Indulged Meeting for Worship — Established by the Quarterly Meeting 3. Through Colonial Crises 16 In the Days of the Regulators — Under the Scourge of the Revolution 4. The Meeting Comes of Age 23 The Preparative Meeting — Leadership Emerges — Spring Monthly Meeting Gets Established 5. The Geographic Limits of Spring Monthly Meeting 31 Spring Particular Meeting — Eno Meeting — Chatham Meeting — South Fork Friends 6. In the Wider Society of Friends 39 Within the Yearly Meeting — With Friends Beyond the Yearly Meeting — With Traveling Ministers 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Unclaimed Property for County: BEAUFORT 7/16/2019
    Unclaimed Property for County: BEAUFORT 7/16/2019 OWNER NAME ADDRESS CITY ZIP PROP ID ORIGINAL HOLDER ADDRESS CITY ST ZIP 6 HERMANOS 3519 RIVER RD WASHINGTON 27889 15900379 WASHINGTON CITY OF 102 E 2ND ST PO BOX 1988 WASHINGTON NC 27889 A G LASSITER EQUIPMENT CORP PO BOX 1827 WASHINGTON 27889-1827 15393282 NC DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION 1514 MAIL SERVICE CENTER RALEIGH NC 27699 A G LASSITER EQUIPMENT CORP PO BOX 1827 WASHINGTON 27889-1827 15393283 NC DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION 1514 MAIL SERVICE CENTER RALEIGH NC 27699 ABLES RETHA RD2 BOX 1760 BELHAVEN 27810 15904664 COLUMBIAN MUTUAL LIFE INS CO 4704 VESTAL PARKWAY EAST BINGHAMTON NY 13902 ACKER BRITTANY ANNENICOLE 1114 MAPLE ST WASHINGTON 27889 15900380 WASHINGTON CITY OF 102 E 2ND ST PO BOX 1988 WASHINGTON NC 27889 ACKERSON AUTHUR 609 PAMILCO RIVER DR WASHINGTON 27889 15469478 CSG SYSTEMS INC C/O COGNZANT TECH SOLUTIONS PO BOX COLLEGE STATION TX 77842 30142 ADAMS DESHAWN 3382 WEST RD AURORA 27806 14854313 HUGHES NETWORK SYSTEMS LLC 11717 EXPLORATION LANE GERMANTOWN MD 20876 ADAMS JAMIE L 475 GRIMES RD WASHINGTON 27889 15026676 AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY 2401 W BEHREND DR, STE 55 MC 24-02-19 PHOENIX AZ 85027-0000 ADAMS MICHAEL LEE 118 WATERFORD DR BATCH 27808-9126 15955143 ATHENE ANNUITY AND LIFE CO 7700 MILLS CIVIC PARKWAY WEST DES MOINES IA 50266 ADAMS POLLY 345 OAK RIDGE LN BELHAVEN 27810 15829651 LOWES COMPANIES INC & SUBSIDIARIES 1000 LOWES BLVD MOORESVILLE NC 28117 ADDOX JOYCE K VAUGHAN 2030 TAYLOR RD CHOCOWINITY 27817-8313 15915830 TRANSAMERICA LIFE INS COMPANY ATTN: CORP UNCLAIMED PROPERTY
    [Show full text]
  • Notes About Scotch-Irish and German Settlers in Virginia and the Carolinas
    Notes about Scotch-Irish and German Settlers in Virginia and the Carolinas Copyright © 2000–2009 by William Lee Anderson III. All rights reserved. Scotch-Irish and German Settlers in Virginia and the Carolinas Introduction During the 1700s many Scotch-Irish and German immigrants arrived in America. They and their children settled parts of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Carolinas. Today, most of their descendants never think about their heritage. Most live in the present, are working on real-life problems, or planning their future. That attitude was shared by their ancestor immigrants 250 years ago. Nonetheless, I suspect most descendants have at least wondered what the word Scotch-Irish means. All my life, I have heard various facts, but never understood how they fit together. Some facts appeared contradictory. So, I investigated, and discovered a colorful story that far exceeded my expectations. My principal objectives were to: Understand certain comments made by grandparents and other relatives over 40 years ago. Understand the confusing adjective Scotch-Irish. Understand the confusing cultural icons of bagpipes, kilts, Celtic whistles, etc. Understand the history of Moravian, Lutheran, Mennonite, Amish, Dunkards, Presbyterian, Puritanism, Huguenot, Quaker, Methodist, Congregational, and Baptist denominations that have churches in the Carolinas. Understand why and when surnames became common. Understand ancestor Margaret Moore‘s recollections of the Siege of Londonderry in 1689. Understand motivations of Scotch-Irish and German immigrants during the 1700s and terms of their Carolina land grants. Understand relations between early Carolina immigrants and Native Americans. Understand why Scotland‘s heroine Flora Macdonald came to live in North Carolina in 1774.
    [Show full text]
  • Has Been Advocated By, Among Others, the Department Of
    A GROWTH CENTER STRATEGY FOR THE UNITED STATES Niles M. Hansen University of Texas This paper proposes a national regional policy based on the development of employment opportunities in intermediate-sized cities, with the condition that a significant number of these opportunities be made available to residents of economically lagging areas. The strategy set forth is based on th®ee propositions, which will be considered in turn. First, it is not generally feasible to base a national regional strategy on the industrialization of rural areas. Second, it is quite possible that our largest metropolitan areas are too big in terms of both economic efficiency and public preferences, so that their growth should be. If not checked, at least not encouraged. Third, with expanded manpower and human resource development programs, and with expanded comprehensive relocation assistance, it is possible to provide alternatives to rural poverty other than the metropolitan ghetto. At the end of the paper the Piedmont Crescent will be considered as the kind of intermediate area upon which a national growth-center strategy could be based. Attracting Industry to Rural Areas Insofar as any coherent regional policy exists in the United States it has been devised and implemented on the assumption that it is feasible to attract sufficient industry to lagging, and for the most part rural, regions of the country to give the people in these regions economic opportunities comparable to those enjoyed by other Americans. Thus, the hot-house industrialization of rural areas has been advocated by, among others, the Department of Agriculture^^ the Department of Laborf the President*s National Advisory Commission of Rural Poverty? and the writings of some scholars.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: on the EDGE of FREEDOM: FREE
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ON THE EDGE OF FREEDOM: FREE BLACK COMMUNITIES, ARCHAEOLOGY, AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD Cheryl Janifer LaRoche, Ph. D., 2004 Dissertation Directed By: Professor Paul A. Shackel, Department of Anthropology “On the Edge of Freedom” is an interdisciplinary study of five free black communities that functioned as Underground Railroad sites along the southern borders of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Small rural free black communities along the borders of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers were situated in the landscape to offer sanctuary to runaways as first points of entry within often violent and racially hostile southern regions of the northern border states. I worked with National Forest Service archaeologists, universities, and private non-profit preservation groups. By combining archaeology, with oral and documentary history, genealogy, and cultural landscape studies, I contribute new comparative and theoretical models for explicating African-American history, and identifying and mapping undocumented Underground Railroad sites. The resulting geography of resistance reveals the risks African Americans endured in the cause of their own liberation. Blacks who participated in the subversive work of the Underground Railroad knew the level of violence to which whites would resort in response to black defiance in the face of oppression. Interrelated families played a central role in the establishment of the frontier settlements. Exclusive and independent of white abolitionist activities, virtually every nineteenth-century black settlement, urban or rural, offered some form of assistance to those escaping slavery. African-American, as well as white, Underground Railroad workers were loosely organized to offer assistance within their separate religious denominations although they worked across racial lines.
    [Show full text]