Journal Volume 24, January 2020 INDEX Page S.N. Name of the Research Paper Author No. A Geographical Analysis of Rainfall distribution in Karnataka Dr. C. Mallanna 1 1 State Prof. D. A. Kolhapure Food Crops versus Cash Crops: Policy Interventions : 2 Arunima Bhattacharya 7 A Case Study of Kerala Dr. S. A. Thakur 3 Migration of Workers 13 Pradnya Nikam 4 Floods in India with special reference to Duars in WB Dr. Moushumi Datta 17 Dr. S. B. Jadhav 5 Use of Agro Meteorological Instruments in Agriculture 21 Mr. Rajesh S Kamble Flood : Climate Change the only Reason for Flooding in the 6 Dr. Prakash B. Holer 26 Western Ghats - A Geographical Analysis Geographical Analysis of Tehsil-Wise General Landuse Gurav S.T. 7 28 Pattern in Ratnagiri district of MS Dr. D. C. Kamble Dr. S. I. Biradar The Impact of Modern Agriculture on Public Health in 8 Prof. D. A. Kolhapure 39 Belgaum District: Organic Farming A Solution Shri. B. N. Yaligar Literacy – A qualitative aspect of Human Resource – Bhakta Ranjan Mahato 9 45 A Geographical study in the district of Purulia. Dr. Bhupal K.Mahto 10 Floods in Kerala and its Impact on Human Life Dr. Achole P.B. 51 Geomorphological Regions of the Baghmundi-Ajodhya 11 Dr. Arijit Kumar Ghosh 54 upland of the Purulia district West Bengal. 12 Climate change and its Impact on Indian Agriculture Mrs. Anupama Kamble 61 13 Agriculture Labour in India: Problems Prof. Kamlesh Kamble 66 14 Changing Agricultural Landuse Pattern in Raigad Dist.of MS Deepak S Narkhede 69 15 A Study Role of MicroLevel Planning for Rural Development Mr. Suryakant P. Mane 72 r%naaigarI ijalhatIla dLNavaLNaatIla maulaBaUt sauivaQaMacaa AaiNa saaQanaacaa ivakasa 16 Dr. R. B. Patil 76 ija(avar Jaalaolaa pirNaama : ek icaik%sak AByaasa Prof. R. D. Kamble Dr. R. B. Patil 17 piScama GaaTatIla mahajaOvaivaivaQata AaiNa jaOva¹ivaQatocaa ¹hasa : Baaogaaoilak AByaasa Prof. R. D. Kamble 82 Prof. D. A. Kengar 18 हवामान बदलाचा रत्नागिरी गिल्ह्यातील पिजꅍयावर झालेला पररणाम Dr. Pooja Mohite 87 | P a g e THE KONKAN GEOGRAPHER, Vol. 24 ACS College, Onde, Vikramgad, Palghar Veer Wajekar ASC College, Phunde, Uran 9 1 | P a g e THE KONKAN GEOGRAPHER, Vol. 24 THE KONKAN GEOGRAPHER Vol. No. 24, January 2020 ISSN 2277–4858 A Geographical Analysis of Rainfall Distribution in Karnataka State Dr. C. Mallanna Prof. D. A. Kolhapure Assistant Professor in Geography Associate Professor in Geography K.L.E’s G.H.College, Haveri, KARNATAKA Research Paper Accepted on 26-12-2019, Edited on 05-01-2020 ABSTRACT : The study of rainfall distribution of Karnataka state is so important because it is one of the most important agrarian state in the county, the economy of the state is mainly depends on rainfall distribution, mainly on south west monsoon winds. The state of Karnataka in India has a bittersweet relationship with rainfall. But the distribution of rainfall is not uniform across the state. Karnataka receives mean annual rainfall of around 1355 millimeters. Karnataka is divided into three meteorological zones, namely, Coastal Karnataka, North interior Karnataka and South interior Karnataka. Coastal Karnataka is the region that receives heaviest rainfall in the state. It gets an average annual rainfall of 3,456mm. (Agumbe in the Shimoga district is known as one of the places with the highest annual rainfall in India).South interior Karnataka is a region that receives an average rainfall of 1,286mm, which is much less than what Coastal Karnataka receives. But it is not as dry as North interior Karnataka which receives the least amount of rainfall in the state. North interior Karnataka receives just 731 mm average rainfall annually. Karnataka receives about 80% of the annual rainfall during the South-West monsoon period (June to September), 12% during the post-monsoon period (October to December), 7% during the summer season (March to May) and only 1% rainfall is received during the winter season (January to February). This paper is mainly spread on the light about the geographical personality of the study area, annual rainfall changes of Karnataka, and Districtwise rainfall distribution and also district wise rainy days of the study area. Key Words : Agrarian, annual rainfall, average, District wise rainfall, rainfall intensity, rainy days. INTRODUCTION : Among all the natural conditions, rainfall should be the fundamentals so for as progress of the society is concerned. Rather, it has always been treated as a fundamental sector for the total development of the society S.K.Sadhukan (1978). Rainfall is a crucial agro-climatologicall factor in the seasonally arid parts of the world and its analysis an important perquisite for the planning of watershed development, Alak Gadgil (1986). Rainfall distribution in Karnataka decreases as one move from the western part of the state to the eastern part. The Western Ghats and the coastal region of Karnataka receive mean annual rainfall of more than 4,000 mm. But as we approach the eastern parts of the state, the mean annual rainfall comes down to around 400 mm, showing the vast difference in the rainfall received across the state. While the coastal region on the windward side of the Western Ghats gets 3,350 mm of rainfall during the southwest monsoon, on the leeward side of the Western Ghats the rainfall drastically declines to around 600-700 mm. This means the state experiences a gradual decrease in rainfall as one moves towards the Eastern part of the state. STUDY AREA : Karnataka is located on the western coast of Peninsular India. Spread over an area of 1, 91,976 square kilometers or 5.83 % of the total geographical area of India. Karnataka is situated on a tableland where the Western and Eastern Ghat ranges converge into the Nilgiri hill complex. The state is confined roughly within 11.50 North and 18.50 North latitudes and 740East and 78.50 east longitudes. Karnataka is bordered by Maharashtra and Goa states in the North and North- 1 | P a g e THE KONKAN GEOGRAPHER, Vol. 24 West; by the Arabian Sea in the West; by Kerala and Tamilnadu states in the South and by the state of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states in the East. The State spreads to about 750 km from North to South and about 400 km from East to West. (Map No: - 01) Map No. – 01 Karnataka State Location Map OBJECTIVES : Following are the specific objectives of this paper. 1. To know the geographical personality of the study area 2. To understand the District wise actual amount of rainfall distribution in 2007 & 2012 3. To know the district wise rainfall intensity in 2007 & 2012 4. To analysis the district wise rainy days of the state in 2007 & 2012. DATA BASE AND METHODOLOGY : The data, which is being utilized throughout the work of this paper; has been collected from different sources like Karnataka at a Glance, district census hand books and internet. The available data has been analyzed with charts & diagrams. DISTRICT WISE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ACTUAL RAINFALL IN 2007 & 2012 : As per 2007 data, Bijapure district has received the lowest amount of rainfall with just 552 mm in the State. Whereas Udupi district has recieved5054 mm of rainfall in the same year in the study area. In 2012 Ramanagara district of Karnataka State has received the least amount of rainfall just with 353 mm, although Udupi disctict has recorded the highest amount of rainfall i.e 4265mm. Karnataka state has received 1578 mm of rainfall in 2007, but it has decreased to 1094 mm in 2012. It is because failure of monsoon in the state. (See table no-01). DISTRICT WISE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RAINFALL INTENSITY IN 2007 & 2012: The intensity of rainfall is a measure of the amount of rain that falls over a period of time. It can be calculated with the using of following formula I = A/N Where, I = Intensity of rainfall A = Actual Rainfall N = Number of Rainy days According to the above formula, Except Chitraduga, Kolar and Chikkaballapur districts, the intensity of rainfall is less in all the district of State in 2007 as compare to 2012. As per 2007, the intensity of rainfall is varies from 13.17 mm to 19.12 mm in 19 districts of the State, where as in 5 districts it ranges from 20.42 mm to 28.74 mm and in another 5 districts it varies from 32.84 mm to 39.48 mm. the lowest intensity of rainfall was recorded in Kolar district i.e. 13.17 mm and the highest intensity was recorded in Udupi district i.e. 39.48 mm. Where as in 2012 the rainfall intensity is varies from 7.67 mm to 35.25 mm. In this year the lowest intensity was recorded in Haveri (7.67mm) district and the highest intensity was recorded in Gulbarga (35.25 mm) district. Whereas 2012 the rain fall intensity is varies from 7.67mm in Haveri district to 35.25 mm in Gulbarga district. According to the available data the intensity of rainfall is more i.e 25.87 mm in 2007, as compare to 2017 ( 10.62mm) in the state. (See table No: - 01 and Graph No: - 01). 2 | P a g e THE KONKAN GEOGRAPHER, Vol. 24 Actual Amount and Intensity of Rainfall in Karnataka (2007 & 2012) Table No. 01 Actual Intensity of Actual Rainfall Intensity of Sl. Districts Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (mm) Rainfall No. 2007 2012 1 Bangalore(U) 935 16.12 533 10.88 2 Bangalore(R) 832 17.7 487 11.88 3 Ramanagara 686 15.24 353 7.67 4 Chitradurga 702 15.6 528 17.03 5 Davanagere 821 15.79 542 12.6 6 Kolara 632 13.17 743 23.22 7 Chikkaballapura 818 15.43 602 16.27 8 Shivamogga 3395 37.31 2359 26.51 9 Thumkur 681 16.21 473 14.78 10 Chikkamangalore 2357 28.74 1542 17.72 11 S.Kenara 4107 33.12 3392 28.99 12 Udupi 5064 39.48 4265 35.25 13 Hasana 1892 25.23 1141 19.67 14 Kodagu 3448 32.84 2001 18.03 15 Mandya 647 17.03 446 12.05 16 Mysore 744 13.78 491 10.45 17 Chamarajanagara 848 16.63 438 10.19 18 Belgaum 1206 24.12 734 13.85 19 Bijapur 552 18.4 440 11 20 Bagalakote 686 19.06 372 9.3 21 Dharwad 883 15.82 526 9.07 22 Gadag 822 19.12 403 9.37 23 Haveri 955 15.16 550 9.02 24 N.Kenara 3349 34.53 2528 24.54 25 Ballary 553 17.84 418 10.45 26 Bidar 680 17.44 727 14.84 27 Gulbarga 641 16.87 594 12.91 28 Yadagiri NA NA NA NA 29 Rayachur 674 20.42 447 12.08 30 Koppala 722 21.24 392 10.89 State 1578 25.87 1094 10.62 Source: Karnataka at a Glance: - ARC division DES (2008-09 & 2012-13).