[I] NORTH of ENGLAND INSTITUTE of MINING ENGINEERS TRANSACTIONS VOL. XI. 1861-2. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE: ANDREW REID, 40 & 65, PI

[i] NORTH OF ENGLAND INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERS TRANSACTIONS VOL. XI. 1861-2. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE: ANDREW REID, 40 & 65, PILGRIM STREET. 1862. [ii] NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE: PRINTED BY ANDREW REID, 40 & 65, PILGRIM STREET. [iii] INDEX TO VOL. XI. A Arrangement with Natural History Society........ 4 Atkinson, J. J., on Close-Topped Tubbing .. .. .. 8 Atkinson, J. J., on Fan Ventilation .. .. .. .. .. 89 Albert, late Prince Consort, Letter as to .. .. .. 99 Atkinson, J. J., on Coal Formations.. .. .. .. 141 Abbot's Safety-Lamp .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 160 Aubin Coal-Field .............. 168 Analyses of Peat, Lignite, and Coal.. .. .. .. 171 Anthracite, how formed .. .. .. .. 172 Aluminium, Experiments on .. .. .. .. .. 178 Archerbeckburn Permian Formation.. .. .. 189 Aspatria, Cessation of Coal at .. .. .. .. 180 B Binney, Mr., on Iron Exposed to Acid .. .... .. 22 Boutigny on Boiler Accidents .. .. .. 43 Berwick Coal Measures . .. .. .. .. 103 Basalt Bed, Northumberland.. .. .. .. .. 129 Beam at Hartley, Weight of.. .. .. .. 153 Bitumen, how produced .. .. .. 171 Brown's Evidence—Seaton Burn Accident .. .. .. 35 Bowman's Evidence—Seaton Burn Accident .. .. 33 C Coulson, Wm., on Close-Topped Tubbing .. .. .. 8 Clapham, Mr., his Analysis of Iron Tubbing .. .. .. 20 Calvert, Professor, on Iron exposed to Acid .. .. .. 21 Clapham, Mr., on preserving Stone from Acid .. .. 25 Crone, Stephen C., on Boiler Explosions .. .. .. 27 [iv] Coulson, Mr., at New Hartley .......... 148 Carbonic Oxide at New Hartley .. .. .. .. .. 150 Calamites forming Coal .. .. .. .. .. 173 Carboniferous Limestone—Cumberland .. .. .. 188 Cheviot Range, when protruded .. .. .. 118 200 202 Cheviot Porphyritic Rock, its effect .. .. .. .. 118 Coquet Mouth, Coal at .. .. .. .. .. .. 115 D Daglish, John, on the Action of Furnace Gases .. .. 19 Daniel on Iron exposed to Acid .. .. .. .. 20 Drift or Boulder Clay, Cumberland .. .. .. .. .. 85 Devonian Formation, Northumberland .. .. .. 122 Deterioration of Coal discussed .. .. .. 182 183 Dip Laws vary .. .. .. .. .. .. 201 E Engine Beam at Hartley, Calculation as to .. .. .. 154 Equisetiores, Remains of, in Coal .. .. .. .. .. 173 Elsecar Colliery, Fan Ventilator at .. .. .. .. .. 89 F Fairbairn, Mr., on Boilers .. .. .. .. .. .. 39 Fossils in the Canonbie Formation .. .. .. 70 71 77 Fan Ventilator, J. J. Atkinson on a .. .. .. .. 89 Forster, George B., on the Accident at Hartley...... 143 Fan Ventilator at Elsecar described ........ 90 G Gilpin, J., on Boiler Cleansing- .. .. .. .. .. 52 Gibson, R., on Boiler Cleansing .. .. .. .. .. 54 Gibsone, Edmund, on the Canonbie Coal Formation .. 65 Grey, Sir George, his Letter to the President ...... 99 Green, Wm., Jun., on the Origin of Coal...... .. 163 Gauze of Aluminium melted .. .. .. .. .. 178 H Hartbushes, Spring at .. ........ .. 16 Hunt, Robert, on Water deprived of Air........ 41 [v] Hareshaw Ironstone .. .. .. .. .. .. 115 Hartley New Drift reached at .. ...... 151 I International Exhibition .. .. .. .. .. ... 1 International Mineral Department .. .. .. .. .. 203 J Jones, Mr., Safety Lamp .. .. .. .. .. .. 158 K Kirkwhelpington, Limestone Bed at .. .. .. .. 196 Kirkwhelpington, Coal at .. .. .. .. .. .. 196 L Langholm, Boulders found at .. .. .. .. .. 85 Lyell, Sir Charles, on Niagara .. .. .. .. .. 164 Logan on Nova Scotia Coal-field .. .. .. .. .. 167 Lepidodendron, Remains of .. .. .. .. .. 172 Lime Coal at Byreburn .. .. .. .. .. .. 190 Lias in Cumberland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 195 Lignite Coal .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 195 Lead obtained south of the Great Dyke .. .. .. .. 103 M Monkwearmouth, Accident at .. .. .. .. .. 1 Medals, New Hartley ............ 157 Miller, Hugh, on the Nilotic Deposits .. .. .. .. 164 Maclaren on the Geology of Fifeshire .. .. .. .. 166 Mud, Volcanic Eruptions of .. .. .. .. 170 Mississippi Cypress Swamps .. .. .. 171 174 Magnesian Limestone, Maryport .. .. .. .. .. 180 Millstone Grit, Cumberland .. .. .. .. 184 Mountain Limestone, Cumberland, &c. .. .. .. .. 184 Maryport Coal identical with Canonbie ........ 186 Mining College .. .. .. 219 N Natural History Society, Report as to .. .. .. 5 [vi] Ninety-fathom Dyke ............ 103 Nova Scotia Coal Measures .. .......... 124 Nile, Deposits of the .. ........ .. 164 Niagara Falls, Progress of .. .. .. .. .. .. 164 0 Old Red Sandstone............ 121 124 Oxide, Carbonic, at Hartley .. .. .. .. .. .. 150 Owen's Safety Cage .. .. .......... 162 P Permian Formation at Canonbie .. .. .. .. 78 Plashetts Coal Basin .......... 105 108 Plashetts and Canonbie Coal .. .. .. .. 194 Porphyritic Rock of Cheviot, protruded .. ...... 118 R Red Sandstone, Old, at Lismahagow .. .. .. .. 121 Roxburghshire Silurian series .. .. .. .. .. 121 Red Sandstone, New, overlies the Cumberland Coal .. 179 Red Sandstone, New, at Aspatria .. .. .. .. .. 180 S Sediment Collectors .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 Silurian Formation in Liddisdale .. .. .. .. .. 66 Scremerston and Plashetts Formation .. .. .. .. 133 Scottish Coal Measures .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 Section of Strata, Yorkshire .. .. .. .. .. 138 Section of Strata at New Hartley .. .. .. .. .. 142 Spears at New Hartley described .. .. .. .. 146 Safety Cages, M. Dunn on .. .. .. .. .. 161 Stigmaria, Remains of .. .. .. .. .. .. 172 Seaton Burn Colliery Boiler Explosion .. .. .. .. 30 Smith's Evidence ........... .. 34 Simpson, J. B., on various Coal Formations .. .. .. 140 T Tubbing, Close-topped .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 Taylor, Professor, on Boiler Deposits ...... .. 47 [vii] Turnbull's Whistle Float ........... 49 Taylor, late T. J., on Plashetts Coal Basin...... 107 114 U Upper and Lower New Red Sandstone .. .. .. .. 184 Undulations of Strata .. .. .. .. .. .. 202 Upper Old Red Sandstone .. .. .. .. .. .. 126 V Virginia, the Coal-field of . .. .. .. .. 173 W Wood, Nicholas, on the Upper and Lower Beds of Coal in Northumberland and Durham 101 Whitehaven Coal Formation .. .. .. .. .. .. 136 Weight of Beam, New Hartley .. .. .. .. .. 153 Wear, Escape of Gas in the .. .. .. .. .. 175 Workington Coal Seam, how placed .. .. .. .. 180 Wharton, Mr., of Dryburn, his Experiments .. .. .. 175 Wood, Nicholas, on the Scremerston and Plashetts Whin .. 202 Y Yorkshire Strata, Section of .. .. .. .. .. .. 138 [viii] ADVERTIZEMENT. The Institution is not, as a body, responsible for the facts and opinions advanced in the Papers read, and in the Abstracts of the Conversations which occurred at the Meetings during the Session. [ix] Report In presenting to the Society their Report for the year which this day concludes, the Council have no unpleasing duty to perform. It may be true that the increase in the number of members may have been comparatively less than during some former years; but, in all such cases, it must be recollected that, as an Institution becomes more extended, the per centage of increase must almost necessarily diminish year by year. The growth of the infant institution is quick; but when maturity is more nearly attained, that growth becomes comparatively less rapid. So is it with the North of England Institute of Mining Engineers. As its members have become more and more numerous, its ratio of increase has been less; the sum being larger upon which it is to be computed, and the losses by death and other casualties occasionally more frequent. During the year just closed, the number of new members elected has been 33. By death or resignation, there has been a loss of 16 during the same period. The net increase is, therefore, 17 only. By death the Society has been deprived of two well-known members; that is to say, of Mr. Joseph Bewick, late of Grosmont, and Mr. Errington, late of Westminster. To the Society the former is principally known by his paper on the "Rosedale Magnetic Ironstoneˮ; to the public by his tract on the "Cleveland Ironstone District." As a civil engineer the late Mr. Errington stood high, not only with his professional brethren, but with the scientific world generally. Although a native of Hull, he was a scion of an ancient Northumberland family, some of whom have not been unknown to fame. As a civil engineer, he became early associated with the late Mr. Joseph Locke, and, together with that gentleman, was engineer to the Glasgow and Greenock Dock and Railway; to the Lancaster and Carlisle, the Caledonian, the East Lancashire, the Scottish Central, the Scottish Midland, and the Aberdeen Lines of Railroad. He [x] was, also, in conjunction with Mr. Locke, a consulting engineer for the northern division of the London and North-Western Line of Railway, as well as engineer-in-chief to the London and South- Western Line; and, at his death, he had just completed the connection of that system with Exeter and the West of England. Mr. Errington was one of the Vice-Presidents of the Institute of Civil Engineers, as well as a conspicuous member of this Society. The past year, the Council are glad to record, has been unusually rich in the production of papers, as the published "Transactions" amply demonstrate. The subjects, likewise, have been so happily varied as to afford matter of interest, as well to the scientific geologist as to the practical miner. Amongst those of a more practical character, may be mentioned that on "Close-Topped Tubbing," by Messrs. J. J. Atkinson, and William Coulson, sen.; that on "Boiler Explosions," by Mr. S. C. Crone; and the able narrative of “The Accident at New Hartley," by Mr. George Baker Forster. Amongst the more purely scientific communications to the Institute, for the past year, must be noted the highly interesting papers of Mr. Edmund Gibsone,

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