DOCSLIB.ORG

Our Health Counts Toronto: Using Respondent-Driven Sampling to Unmask Census Undercounts of an Urban Indigenous Population in Toronto, Canada

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Our Health Counts Toronto: Using Respondent-Driven Sampling to Unmask Census Undercounts of an Urban Indigenous Population in Toronto, Canada Open Access Research BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018936 on 26 December 2017. Downloaded from Our Health Counts Toronto: using respondent-driven sampling to unmask census undercounts of an urban indigenous population in Toronto, Canada Michael A Rotondi,1 Patricia O’Campo,2,3 Kristen O’Brien,2 Michelle Firestone,2 Sara H Wolfe,4 Cheryllee Bourgeois,4 Janet K Smylie2,3 To cite: Rotondi MA, O’Campo P, ABSTRACT Strengths and limitations of this study O’Brien K, et al. Our Health Objectives To provide evidence of the magnitude of Counts Toronto: using census undercounts of ‘hard-to-reach’ subpopulations and ► The study included a large sample of a hard-to- respondent-driven sampling to to improve estimation of the size of the urban indigenous unmask census undercounts of reach population recruited using a probability-based population in Toronto, Canada, using respondent-driven an urban indigenous population method. sampling (RDS). in Toronto, Canada. BMJ Open ► The study used novel applications of respondent- Design Respondent-driven sampling. 2017;7:e018936. doi:10.1136/ driven sampling (RDS) and census completion Setting The study took place in the urban indigenous bmjopen-2017-018936 information to enumerate the size of a hard-to-reach community in Toronto, Canada. Three locations within the population. ► Prepublication history for city were used to recruit study participants. this paper is available online. ► Census completion information was collected by Participants 908 adult participants (15+) who self- To view these files, please visit retrospective self-report, thus participant responses identified as indigenous (First Nation, Inuit or Métis) the journal online (http:// dx. doi. may be subject to recall bias. and lived in the city of Toronto. Study participants were org/ 10. 1136/ bmjopen- 2017- ► Baseline data relating to the census were obtained generally young with over 60% of indigenous adults 018936). in 2011 and may no longer be valid. under the age of 45 years. Household income was low ► We are confident that our study is robust; Received 2 August 2017 with approximately two-thirds of the sample living in nonetheless, care must be taken in the interpretation Revised 27 September 2017 households which earned less than $C20 000 last year. of respondent-driven sampling studies and http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ Accepted 3 November 2017 Primary and secondary outcome measures We collected generalisation to the target population. baseline data on demographic characteristics, including indigenous identity, age, gender, income, household type and household size. Our primary outcome asked: ‘Did you complete the 2011 Census Canada questionnaire?’ commonly provide the sampling frame for Results Using RDS and our large-scale survey of the national surveys.1–3 Ensuring full census urban indigenous population in Toronto, Canada, we participation of socially marginalised groups have shown that the most recent Canadian census and adjusting for undercounts is a common underestimated the size of the indigenous population 4 5 problem throughout the world. This is on October 1, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. in Toronto by a factor of 2 to 4. Specifically, under 6 conservative assumptions, there are approximately 55 000 particularly challenging in homeless or 1 7 School of Kinesiology and (95% CI 45 000 to 73 000) indigenous people living in indigenous subpopulations, who are at risk Health Science, York University, Toronto, at least double the current estimate of 19 270. of being undercounted and thereby lacking Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2Centre for Urban Health Conclusions Our indigenous enumeration methods, access to appropriate healthcare services. Solutions, Li Ka Shing including RDS and census completion information will In what is now known as Canada, there Knowledge Institute, St. have broad impacts across governmental and health are three distinct groups of indigenous Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, policy, potentially improving healthcare access for this peoples (Indian, Inuit and Métis) that are Ontario, Canada community. These novel applications of RDS may be recognised in the Canadian constitution as 3Dalla Lana School of Public relevant for the enumeration of other ‘hard-to-reach’ having inherent rights that predate Canadian Health, University of Toronto, populations, such as illegal immigrants or homeless confederation.8 The group referred to in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada individuals in Canada and beyond. 4Seventh Generation Midwives constitution as ‘Indian' represents a highly Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, diverse set of cultural linguistic population Canada groups, who commonly self-identify by their Correspondence to INTRODUCTION specific cultural linguistic name and/or the Dr Michael A Rotondi; National censuses are considered the gold collective term First Nations, which came mrotondi@ yorku. ca standard for population-level data and into use in the 1970s as the term ‘Indian’ Rotondi MA, et al. BMJ Open 2017;7:e018936. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018936 1 Open Access BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018936 on 26 December 2017. Downloaded from was considered by some to be offensive. The Inuit tradi- Community partnerships tionally lived above the tree line and are part of a larger This study was co-led by the SGMT and the Well Living circumpolar Inuit population that includes Greenland, House Action Research Centre for Indigenous Infant, Alaska and Russia. The origins of the Métis Nations are Child and Family Health and Wellbeing (Well Living found in the historic intermarriage of European men House) at St. Michael’s Hospital. SGMT is a midwifery with First Nations/Indian women in the 1700s. There has clinic in Toronto that specialises in providing care for always been intermarriage across First Nations groups.9 indigenous mothers and their babies. Given the tradi- Métis have their own unique identities which has been tional role of midwives as knowledge keepers of birth shaped by over 250 years of history that intertwines with stories and family information, SGMT was identified as but is distinct from the history of First Nations. an appropriate organisational custodian for indigenous The majority of First Nations and Métis peoples in community health data in Toronto.19 Canada now live in cities, and the urban Inuit population is rapidly increasing.10 Urbanisation increases opportu- Study design nities for intermixing between and across First Nations, In contrast to indigenous populations living in First Métis and Inuit population groups. Importantly, and in Nations on-reserve communities or Inuit land claim terri- keeping with their distinct cultural–linguistic identities, tories, there is no comprehensive registry of indigenous histories and differences in externally imposed colonial people living in cities. In the face of these challenges and policies, each group also has unique urban experiences the socially networked community of urban indigenous and needs.11 people, we chose RDS17 18 as the sampling method. Based Urban indigenous peoples are at risk of non-participa- on the design effects that were observed in our previous tion in the census due to factors such as poverty and its urban indigenous RDS studies,20 a target sample size of associated lack of living at a fixed address,12 13 historical approximately 1000 urban indigenous adults was chosen distrust of government due to past and present colonial to provide appropriate power for descriptive and compar- policies14 and migration between geographical loca- ative measures in this study. tions.12 In 2011, despite concerns of the reduced validity of using a voluntary questionnaire, the Canadian govern- Recruitment methods ment made a significant change in the collection of Participant recruitment took place at three health Canadian population data and eliminated the mandatory and social services locations spanned across the city of long-form census, replacing it with the voluntary National Toronto. Specifically, interviews took place 2 days per Household Survey (NHS).15 16 This further complicated week at the Queen West Central Toronto Community the accurate enumeration of indigenous peoples in Health Centre, SGMT and the Native Canadian Centre of Canada because questions regarding indigenous identity Toronto, respectively, and also included an option for a were part of the content that was transferred from the mobile survey service which could come to a participant’s long-form census to the NHS, which had a much lower location of choice. All interviewers had strong pre-ex- http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ global response rate (68.6%) than the previous long- isting indigenous community engagement skills and form census (93.8%).13 Additional NHS data reliability were further trained to ensure that all interviews were issues have been identified for estimates of the preva- conducted in a respectful and culturally sensitive manner. lence of low-income households, estimates involving As an incentive, participants were provided with $C20.00 smaller geographical areas and for specific indigenous for completing the survey as well as $C10.00 for each subpopulations.14 individual that they recruited into the study. In addition, Within this context, we investigated methods to adults who had children under the age of 14 residing with more accurately enumerate the indigenous population them were asked to complete a child-specific survey and on October 1, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. of Toronto, Ontario, Canada’s largest urban centre. provided with an additional honorarium of $C10.00 per The purpose of our study was twofold: (1) To provide completed child survey. All financial incentives were in evidence of the magnitude of undercount of this ‘hard- Canadian dollars. to-reach’ indigenous subpopulation and (2) To improve Eligible participants had to self-identify as indigenous estimation of the size of the urban indigenous population (First Nation, Inuit or Métis) and live, work or receive in Toronto, Canada, using respondent-driven sampling healthcare services in Toronto. However, for the purposes (RDS) for healthcare access and planning purposes. of this study, all analyses are restricted to only those who reside in the city of Toronto.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Languages of Work and Earnings of Immigrants in Canada Outside Quebec by Jin Wang (7356764)
    Languages of work and earnings of immigrants in Canada outside Quebec By Jin Wang (7356764) Major paper presented to the Department of Economics of the University of Ottawa in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the M.A. Degree Supervisor: Professor Gilles Grenier ECO6999 Ottawa, Ontario December 2014 Abstract Using data from the 2011 National Household Survey, this study explores the effect on earnings of using different languages at work for immigrants in Canada outside Quebec. The economic returns of using various languages of work are analysed with OLS regressions. As noted by Grenier and Nadeau (2013), English plays an important role in the workplace because of its international lingua franca status. This study finds that the immigrants who receive the highest wages are those who work in English only. Those who earn the least are those who use their home language most often and English second on a regular basis. In terms of gender, the negative effects of using languages other than English at work are larger for males than for females. In addition, immigrants whose home language is closer to English get higher earnings. Content 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 2. Literature review ...................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Language proficiency and earnings ............................................................. 4 2.2. Languages of work and earnings ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Considerations in the Delivery of Homecare Services
    Cultural Considerations in the Delivery of Homecare Services: "Beyond 2 kitchens and a disability/ più di due cucine e disabilità". by (Hedy) Anna Walsh A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work University of Toronto © Copyright by (Hedy) Anna Walsh (2014) Cultural Considerations in the Delivery of Homecare Services: "Beyond 2 kitchens and a disability/ più di due cucine e disabilità". Doctor of Philosophy (Hedy) Anna Walsh Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work University of Toronto 2014 Abstract This study explored the experiences, interpretations and cultural beliefs of older Italian immigrants who were receiving culturally specific formal homecare services through an assisted living facility in Ontario, to examine how their identity and life history influenced their experiences of receiving care. The current study builds on the existing body of knowledge about Canada's older Italian immigrants, in particular their caregiving traditions and current need for formal care. This research study employed phenomenology to explore the subjective experiences of Canadian Italian older immigrants who were receiving formal homecare services to capture the personal meanings and interpretations of their immigration experiences, as they related to their need for formal homecare services. Interviews were conducted with 25 older Italian immigrants over the age of 75 that were receiving culturally specific homecare services. The participants shared their immigration stories, fears, work history, healthcare challenges and descriptions of arrival, family, losses, and life in Canada. The Life Course Framework was selected to guide this research study, to represent the process of aging and human development that ii continuously occurs across the life span.
    [Show full text]
  • Suicide Among First Nations People, Métis and Inuit (2011-2016): Findings from the 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (Canchec)
    Catalogue no. 99-011-X2019001 ISBN 978-0-660-31402-0 National Household Survey: Aboriginal Peoples Suicide among First Nations people, Métis and Inuit (2011-2016): Findings from the 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) by Mohan B. Kumar and Michael Tjepkema Release date: June 28, 2019 How to obtain more information For information about this product or the wide range of services and data available from Statistics Canada, visit our website, www.statcan.gc.ca. You can also contact us by Email at [email protected] Telephone, from Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., at the following numbers: • Statistical Information Service 1-800-263-1136 • National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1-800-363-7629 • Fax line 1-514-283-9350 Depository Services Program • Inquiries line 1-800-635-7943 • Fax line 1-800-565-7757 Standards of service to the public Note of appreciation Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a a prompt, reliable and courteous manner. To this end, long-standing partnership between Statistics Canada, the Statistics Canada has developed standards of service citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other that its employees observe. To obtain a copy of these institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information service standards, please contact Statistics Canada could not be produced without their continued co-operation toll-free at 1-800-263-1136. The service standards are also and goodwill. published on www.statcan.gc.ca under “Contact us” > “Standards of service to the public”.
    [Show full text]
  • Living in a Transnational World: Identity Negotiation and Formation Among Second- Generation Lebanese Young Adults Living in London Ontario Wajeha Chams
    Western University Scholarship@Western MA Research Paper Sociology Department August 2015 Living in a Transnational World: Identity Negotiation and Formation Among Second- Generation Lebanese Young Adults Living in London Ontario Wajeha Chams Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Chams, Wajeha, "Living in a Transnational World: Identity Negotiation and Formation Among Second-Generation Lebanese Young Adults Living in London Ontario" (2015). MA Research Paper. 2. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp/2 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology Department at Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in MA Research Paper by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Living in a Transnational World: Identity Negotiation and Formation Among Second- Generation Lebanese Young Adults Living in London Ontario. by Wajeha Chams A research paper accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Sociology The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Supervisor: Dr. Tracey L. Adams 2015 Abstract According to the 2011 Canadian Census, immigrants make up 20.6% of the total Canadian population (Statistics Canada, 2014), and a growing body of research is raising questions about immigrants’ experiences, their identities and how transnational lives have shaped and influenced Canadian society and citizenship. Recent research on transnationalism enhances understanding of immigrants’ relationships within both their source and host countries. This research demonstrates that first-generation immigrants tend to maintain their ethnic identities, language and cultural traditions through the active maintenance of transnational ties and activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Mortality Inequalities Among the Adult Household Population
    Catalogue no. 82-003-X ISSN 1209-1367 Health Reports Trends in mortality inequalities among the adult household population by Emma Marshall-Catlin, Tracey Bushnik and Michael Tjepkema Release date: December 18, 2019 How to obtain more information For information about this product or the wide range of services and data available from Statistics Canada, visit our website, www.statcan.gc.ca. You can also contact us by email at [email protected] telephone, from Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., at the following numbers: • Statistical Information Service 1-800-263-1136 • National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1-800-363-7629 • Fax line 1-514-283-9350 Depository Services Program • Inquiries line 1-800-635-7943 • Fax line 1-800-565-7757 Standards of service to the public Note of appreciation Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt, Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a reliable and courteous manner. To this end, Statistics Canada has long-standing partnership between Statistics Canada, the developed standards of service that its employees observe. To citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other obtain a copy of these service standards, please contact Statistics institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information could not Canada toll-free at 1-800-263-1136. The service standards are be produced without their continued co-operation and goodwill. also published on www.statcan.gc.ca under “Contact us” > “Standards of service to the public.” Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Industry, 2019 All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • 2006 Census Scheduling Project
    2011 Canadian Census of Population Introduction Conducted every five years, the Canadian Census of Population is a major undertaking whose planning and implementation spans a period of over eight years. Statistics Canada generally works on two and even three censuses at any given point in time. Before the final results of one census are out, planning and systems development are already well under way for the next one. The census is unique because it is the only source of detailed socio-economic, demographic data at small geographic areas including neighbourhoods and communities. It is the only body of comprehensive sub-provincial statistical data on population, housing and agriculture and hard-to- reach/special population groups such as seniors, persons with disabilities, Aboriginal persons and ethnic communities. Information and data from the census are integral to the continued sound management of a number of key government federal programs including the distribution of funds to provinces and territories. Most households in Canada (80%) receive a short census questionnaire which contains seven questions on basic topics such as household and family relationship, age, sex, marital status, and mother tongue. One in five households (20%) receives a long questionnaire which contains the seven questions from the short form plus over fifty additional questions on topics such as education, ethnicity, mobility, income and employment. Consultations and testing key to determining content of the census Before each census, Statistics Canada embarks on an extensive user consultation and testing program to develop the questionnaire content. Data users and interested parties across Canada are asked for their views on the type and extent of information they believe should be available from the census.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Community Profile Summary of Data from the 2011 Canadian Census and National Household Survey
    2015 Community Profile Summary of Data from the 2011 Canadian Census and National Household Survey JUNE 2015 | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Community Profile at a Glance Key Trends in 2011 The City of North Vancouver is a small urban municipality located at the base of the North Shore Population Mountains. Supporting an estimated population of over 52,000 people in a land area just under 12 square kilometres in 2014, the City is a dense and diverse community. The City is designated a Median Age Regional Centre within the Metro Vancouver region and has relatively high residential density, high employment, convenient transit accessible, and is in close proximity to Vancouver’s central business # of Children & Youth district. (0 to 19 Years of Age) In 2011, the City had a population of 48,195, an increase of 3,030 residents or 6.7 percent from the # of Seniors previous 2006 Census. This equates to an average annual growth rate of 1.3 percent, comparable with (65 Years of Age & Older) population increases in previous decades. In between Census years, BC Stats prepares annual estimates of municipal population growth. According to BC Stats, the City has continued to grow since # of Lone Parents the 2011 Census count to total an estimated population of 52,346 in 2014. The median age in the City increased 1.1 years from 40.1 years in 2006 to 41.2 years in 2011. That # of Immigrants said, the City has seen absolute growth in the number of children and youth (0 to 19 years of age), particularly in the 0 to 4 age group.
    [Show full text]
  • Overcoverage in the 2011 Canadian Census
    Proceedings of Statistics Canada Symposium 2014 Beyond traditional survey taking: adapting to a changing world Overcoverage in the 2011 Canadian Census Abel Dasylva, Robert-Charles Titus and Christian Thibault1 Abstract The Census Overcoverage Study (COS) is a critical post-census coverage measurement study. Its main objective is to produce estimates of the number of people erroneously enumerated, by province and territory, study the characteristics of individuals counted multiple times and identify possible reasons for the errors. The COS is based on the sampling and clerical review of groups of connected records that are built by linking the census response database to an administrative frame, and to itself. In this paper we describe the new 2011 COS methodology. This methodology has incorporated numerous improvements including a greater use of probabilistic record-linkage, the estimation of linking parameters with an Expectation-Maximization (E-M) algorithm, and the efficient use of household information to detect more overcoverage cases. Key Words: census, record-linkage, overcoverage, Expectation-Maximization (E-M), administrative sources, record group. 1. The Census Overcoverage Study In the census of population, overcoverage occurs whenever the same person is enumerated multiple times. In 2011, important changes were introduced to the census process, which increased the likelihood of overcoverage. Those changes included optional long forms for the National Household Survey, a wave methodology to encourage online responses and an increased proportion of mail-out. As is the case with undercoverage, overcoverage has a major impact on the accuracy of census counts. For this reason, it is measured by the Census Overcoverage Study (COS) based on multiple enumerations within the in-scope population.
    [Show full text]
  • Evangelicals and the Canadian Census by Rick Hiemstra, Centre for Research on Canadian Evangelicalism
    Evangelicals and the Canadian Census By Rick Hiemstra, Centre for Research on Canadian Evangelicalism Have you ever wondered why the Canadian census says Canadian Pentecostalism is on the decline while the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada just planted another church in your neighbourhood? Did you look in vain for your denomination in the census data? Does the 121% growth between 1991 and 2001 in those identifying themselves as simply “Christian” mean that denominationalism has been in retreat? The Canadian census that is conducted on a ten-year cycle includes a question on religious affiliation. In preparation for the 2011 census, Statistics Canada consulted with various groups in the fall of 2007. The Centre for Research on Canadian Evangelicalism (CRCE) participated in a day of dialogue with the agency’s officials, and made a formal written submission. What follows is the CRCE’s written submission on the content of the 2011 Canadian census, with a focus on the religious affiliation question. The document surveys how and why religious data have been collected while offering suggestions on how the collection of data on Canadian Evangelicals can be improved for 2011. This document has been designed to assist with understanding how to read the government’s numbers on religion both now and when the 2011 statistics are released. 1. The Evangelical Fellowship of Canada’s Interest in the Religious Affiliation Question The Evangelical Fellowship of Canada (EFC) is the national association of evangelical Christians, gathered together for influence, impact and identity in ministry and public witness. Since 1964 the EFC has provided a national forum for Evangelicals and a constructive voice for biblical principles in life and society.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Curriculum Guide 2016
    he comparisons with the United States are frequent, however the differences and distinct personalities are exciting. Like the U.S., Canada is a very young country in comparison to the rest of the world. Like the U.S, it has a British heritage, but the French were there first and are one of the two founding nations. Both countries became new homes to the world’s immigrants, creating an exciting display of culture and style. Both countries were also built on a foundation of First Nations people, those who originally inhabited their soils. We not only share the world’s longest unprotected border with our neighbor to the north, we also share many values, diversity, celebrations, and great pride and patriotism. We share concerns for other nations, and a willingness to extend a hand. Our differences make our friendship all the more intriguing. Our bonds grow as we explore and appreciate their natural beauty of waterfalls, glaciers, abundant wildlife and breathtaking vistas. We’re similar in size, however with a fraction of our population, they make us envious of their open spaces and relaxed attitudes. Canada is so familiar, so safe… yet so fascinatingly. Who wouldn’t be drawn by strolls throughout the ancient city of Quebec, hiking or biking in Alberta or British Columbia, breathing the fresh air of Nova Scotia sweeping in from the Atlantic, or setting sail from Prince Edward Island? How can you not envy a neighbor who furnishes ten times more breathing room and natural beauty per person than we do? How cool to have a neighbor with one city that boasts as many polar bears as residents.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration and Population in Canada: a Dependent Relationship Case Study of Cuban Immigration
    Reprint Immigration and Population in Canada: A Dependent Relationship Case Study of Cuban Immigration Ivis Gutiérrez MS PhD Excerpted by the author, translated and reprinted with permission from Novedades en Población. 2013 Jul–Dec;18:55–68 Original available at: http://www.novpob.uh.cu/index.php/rnp/article/view/43 ABSTRACT policy regulating entry of new permanent residents. The Cuban immi- gration case study illustrates how Canadian migration regulations The article examines the effects of immigration on the population influence the sociodemographic features of a specific group of immi- dynamics of a traditional immigrant-recipient country, Canada. Data grants and the impact that such movements may have on the devel- from the 2011 Canadian census suggest that Canadian popula- opment of traditional countries of emigration, such as Cuba, because tion growth, as well as the stability of the economically active and of the loss of human potential. reproductive-age population, largely depends on the steady arrival of new immigrants. Management of immigration flows to suit [domestic] KEYWORDS Population dynamics, census, immigration policy, development needs is therefore an essential component of Canadian migration policy, Canada, Cuba INTRODUCTION The case study of Cuba-to-Canada migration clearly illustrates Immigration plays an essential role in population dynamics world- the foregoing. As will be seen in the second section of this paper, wide. How it affects a particular country, however, is closely relat- there has been a documented presence of Cubans permanent- ed to each country’s immigration tradition. Immigration, especially ly residing in Canada since the mid 1970s, although this group of working-age immigrants, can contribute significantly to popula- gained greater visibility after the mid 1990s.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Profile of Iranian Immigrants in Montréal Compared to Toronto
    Language profile of Iranian immigrants in Montréal compared to Toronto Mémoire Simin Shafiefar Maîtrise en sociologie - avec mémoire Maître ès arts (M.A.) Québec, Canada © Simin Shafiefar, 2018 Language profile of Iranian immigrants in Montréal compared to Toronto Mémoire Simin Shafiefar Sous la direction de : Richard Marcoux, directeur de recherche RÉSUMÉ Comme le nombre d'immigrants Iraniens a augmenté au Canada au cours des dernières décennies, les nouvelles recherches sont nécessaires sur cette population. Étant donné que la transmission des langues immigrantes est une composante du processus d'établissement des immigrants et que les immigrants iraniens ont rarement fait l'objet d'études canadiennes, le but de cette recherche est d'étudier le profil linguistique des immigrants Iraniens à Montréal par rapport à Toronto. En utilisant les données du questionnaire long du recensement canadien de 2001, 2006 et 2011, nous avons étudié l'influence des facteurs sociodémographiques, familiaux et migratoires sur la langue que les immigrants Iraniens parlent le plus souvent à la maison à Montréal et à Toronto. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé à différentes analyses descriptives pour déterminer si les immigrants Iraniens sont plus susceptibles de parler en langue non officielle (langue ancestrale) à la maison ou en langues officielles. Dans le but d'approfondir le profil linguistique des immigrants Iraniens à la maison, j'étends mes recherches en effectuant des régressions logistiques. Les résultats montrent que les immigrantes iraniennes par rapport à leurs homologues masculins, immigrants légalement mariés, les iraniens qui ont immigré au Canada à l'âge de 15 ans et plus ainsi que les immigrants iraniens arrivés au Canada après 1980 parlaient dans une langue non officielle à la maison plus que les langues officielles à Montréal ainsi qu’à Toronto.
    [Show full text]