Polyclonal Antibody to GAD1 / GAD67 (1-100) - Aff - Purified

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Polyclonal Antibody to GAD1 / GAD67 (1-100) - Aff - Purified

OriGene Technologies, Inc. OriGene Technologies GmbH 9620 Medical Center Drive, Ste 200 Schillerstr. 5 Rockville, MD 20850 32052 Herford UNITED STATES GERMANY Phone: +1-888-267-4436 Phone: +49-5221-34606-0 Fax: +1-301-340-8606 Fax: +49-5221-34606-11 [email protected] [email protected] AP08435PU-N Polyclonal Antibody to GAD1 / GAD67 (1-100) - Aff - Purified Alternate names: 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD-67, Glutamate decarboxylase 1, Glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform Quantity: 50 µg Concentration: 0.5 mg/ml Background: GAD1/GAD67, a 67KDa protein, is a neuronal isoform of this enzyme predominantly expressed in human Brain. It consists of Pyridoxal 5-phosphate binding site and conserved Cysteine residues which are vital for its activity and is inhibited due to phosphorylation. It has high binding affinity for the cofactor Pyridoxal-5phosphate and its role has been implicated in normal Palate development. It is found to be associated with childhood onset schizophrenia and craniofacial malformations and has been identified as a major auto antigen and an auto-reactive T-cell target in IDDM. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to pyridoxine dependency along with epilepsy. It also might play a role in stiff main syndrome. Uniprot ID: Q99259 NCBI: NP_000808.2 GeneID: 2571 Host / Isotype: Rabbit / IgG Immunogen: KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide corresponding to a portion of amino acids 1-100 of human GAD67 Remarks: The sequence used is 100% homologous with mouse and 94% homologous with rat GAD67. Format: State: Liquid purified Ig fraction Purification: Protein G Chromatography Buffer System: PBS containing 0.2% Gelatin as stabilizer and 0.05% Sodium Azide as preservative Applications: Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin Sections: 10 µg/ml. Western Blot: 5 µg/ml. Other applications not tested. Optimal dilutions are dependent on conditions and should be determined by the user. Specificity: This antibody recognizes Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 (GAD1/GAD67) at aa 1-100. Species Reactivity: Tested: Human, Mouse and Rat Storage: Store the antibody undiluted at 2-8°C for one month or (in aliquots) at -20°C for longer. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Shelf life: one year from despatch. For research and in vitro use only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic work. Material Safety Datasheets are available at www.acris-antibodies.com or on request. OG/20170919 1 / 2 AP08435PU-N: Polyclonal Antibody to GAD1 / GAD67 (1-100) - Aff - Purified Pictures: Testis: Formalin-Fixed Paraffin- Embedded (FFPE) For research and in vitro use only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic work. Material Safety Datasheets are available at www.acris-antibodies.com or on request. OG/20170919 2 / 2 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).

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Genetic Modulation of GABA Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex by GAD1 and COMT
Neuropsychopharmacology (2010) 35, 1708–1717 & 2010 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0893-133X/10 $32.00 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Genetic Modulation of GABA Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex by GAD1 and COMT 1,2 1,2 3 1,2 Stefano Marenco* , Antonina A Savostyanova , Jan Willem van der Veen , Matthew Geramita , 1,2 1,2 1 1,2 1 Alexa Stern , Alan S Barnett , Bhaskar Kolachana , Eugenia Radulescu , Fengyu Zhang , 1 1 3 1 Joseph H Callicott , Richard E Straub , Jun Shen and Daniel R Weinberger 1 2 Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, GCAP, IRP, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Unit for Multimodal Imaging Genetics, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, 3 GCAP, IRP, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Unit, MAP, IRP, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA g-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission is critical for normal cortical function and is likely abnormal in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. We tested the in vivo effects of variations in two genes implicated in GABA function on GABA concentrations in prefrontal cortex of living subjects: glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), which encodes GAD67, and catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), which regulates synaptic dopamine in the cortex. We studied six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GAD1 previously associated with risk for schizophrenia or cognitive dysfunction and the val158met polymorphism in COMT in 116 healthy volunteers using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Two of the GAD1 SNPs (rs1978340 (p ¼ 0.005) and rs769390 (p ¼ 0.004)) showed effects on GABA levels as did COMT val158met (p ¼ 0.04). We then tested three SNPs in GAD1 (rs1978340, rs11542313, and rs769390) for interaction with COMT val158met based on previous clinical results.
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A Novel Homozygous Mutation in GAD1 Gene Described in A
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A novel homozygous mutation in GAD1 gene described in a schizophrenic patient impairs Received: 16 May 2018 Accepted: 8 October 2018 activity and dimerization of GAD67 Published: xx xx xxxx enzyme Chiara Magri 1, Edoardo Giacopuzzi 1, Luca La Via1, Daniela Bonini1, Viola Ravasio1, Mohammed E. A. Elhussiny1, Flavia Orizio2, Fabrizio Gangemi3, Paolo Valsecchi4,5, Roberto Bresciani 2, Alessandro Barbon 1, Antonio Vita4,5 & Massimo Gennarelli1,6 Recently, by whole exome sequencing of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients, we identifed a subject that was homozygous for a novel missense substitution (c.391 A > G) in the glutamate acid decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) gene. GAD1 encodes for GAD67 enzyme, catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from L-glutamic acid. Here, we studied the impact of this mutation on GAD67 activity, dimerization and subcellular localization. Biochemical assay revealed that c.391 A > G reduces GAD67 enzymatic activity by ~30%, probably due to the impaired homodimerization of homozygous mutants as highlighted by proximity ligation assays. The mutational screening of 120 genes of the “GABAergic system” in a cohort of 4,225 SCZ cases and 5,834 controls (dbGaP: phs000473.v1.p2), did not identify other cases that were homozygous for ultra-rare variants in GAD1, but highlighted an increased frequency of cases that were homozygous for rare variants in genes of the GABA system (SCZ: 0.14% vs. Controls: 0.00%; p-value = 0.0055). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the functional impact of c.391 A > G variant and its biological efect makes it a good candidate as risk variant for SCZ.
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Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 1 Alternative Splicing
Trifonov et al. BMC Neuroscience 2014, 15:114 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/15/114 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 alternative splicing isoforms: characterization, expression and quantification in the mouse brain Stefan Trifonov, Yuji Yamashita, Masahiko Kase, Masato Maruyama and Tetsuo Sugimoto* Abstract Background: GABA has important functions in brain plasticity related processes like memory, learning, locomotion and during the development of the nervous system. It is synthesized by the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). There are two isoforms of GAD, GAD1 and GAD2, which are encoded by different genes. During embryonic development the transcription of GAD1 mRNA is regulated by alternative splicing and several alternative transcripts were distinguished in human, mouse and rat. Despite the fact that the structure of GAD1 gene has been extensively studied, knowledge of its exact structural organization, alternative promoter usage and splicing have remained incomplete. Results: In the present study we report the identification and characterization of novel GAD1 splicing isoforms (GenBank: KM102984, KM102985) by analyzing genomic and mRNA sequence data using bioinformatics, cloning and sequencing. Ten mRNA isoforms are generated from GAD1 gene locus by the combined actions of utilizing different promoters and alternative splicing of the coding exons. Using RT-PCR we found that GAD1 isoforms share similar pattern of expression in different mouse tissues and are expressed early during development. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to investigate the expression of GAD1 isoforms and GAD2 in olfactory bulb, cortex, medial and lateral striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum of adult mouse. Olfactory bulb showed the highest expression of GAD1 transcripts. Isoforms 1/2 are the most abundant forms.
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Polyclonal Antibody to GAD1 / GAD67 - Aff - Purified
OriGene Technologies, Inc. OriGene Technologies GmbH 9620 Medical Center Drive, Ste 200 Schillerstr. 5 Rockville, MD 20850 32052 Herford UNITED STATES GERMANY Phone: +1-888-267-4436 Phone: +49-5221-34606-0 Fax: +1-301-340-8606 Fax: +49-5221-34606-11 [email protected] [email protected] AP31805PU-N Polyclonal Antibody to GAD1 / GAD67 - Aff - Purified Alternate names: 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD-67, Glutamate decarboxylase 1, Glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform Quantity: 0.1 mg Concentration: 0.1 mg/ml (based on Bradford assay readings using BSA as a standard). Background: Human Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD-67), [EC 4.1.1.15] is a 66,987 dalton protein (594 amino acids) selectively expressed in a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons of the CNS. It catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamic acid, forming the inhibitory neurotransmitter β-amino butyric acid (GABA). It is also know as GAD-1. Uniprot ID: Q99259 NCBI: NP_000808 GeneID: 2571 Host / Isotype: Chicken / Ig Immunogen: Synthetic peptide KLH conjugated corresponding to a region near the C-terminus of this gene product, and was 100% conserved between the Human (Q99259), Mouse (P48318) and Rat (NP_058703) gene products. After repeated injections into the hens, immune eggs were collected, and the IgY fractions were purified from the yolks. These IgY fractions were then affinity purified using a peptide column. Format: State: Liquid purified (0.45 µm filter sterilized) IgY fraction. Purification: Affinity Chromatography using a peptide column. Buffer System: 10mM PBS, pH 7.2 containing 0.02% Sodium Azide as preservative. Applications: Western Blot. Immunocytochemistry. Immunohistochemistry. Recommended Dilutions: 1/2000-1/5000 for Western blots.
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Recombinant Human GAD1/GAD67 Protein Catalog Number: ATGP2838
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GAD1 Mrna Expression and DNA Methylation in Prefrontal Cortex of Subjects with Schizophrenia
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